A method and system for analyzing defects of a power transmission line tower concrete foundation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of transmission line tower concrete foundation defect analysis method and system, method includes: obtaining the elastic wave response signal of multiple detection points after being collected after multiple excitation energy is applied;The response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of each detection point are calculated, the coupling influence factor is determined and is grouped according to this;In each group, according to the ratio relationship of response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio, determine the reference detection point;With the response signal of reference detection point as reference, other detection points are carried out frequency domain coupling influence elimination, and the pure medium response signal is obtained;According to the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate of pure medium response signal of each detection point under multiple excitation energy, determine the medium nonlinear response characteristic value;The medium nonlinear response characteristic value is compared with the health state characteristic value range, and the defect type and relative severity are determined.The application effectively eliminates the coupling condition difference, realizes the accurate distinction of defect type.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line foundation testing technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of power transmission line towers. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete foundations for transmission line towers are critical structural components supporting the safe operation of transmission lines. Buried underground for extended periods, they are susceptible to various factors including groundwater erosion, freeze-thaw cycles, uneven settlement, and external loads. This can easily lead to hidden defects such as voids, cracks, loosening, and interface debonding within the foundation. If these defects are not detected and addressed promptly, they will reduce the foundation's bearing capacity, and in severe cases, may cause tower tilting or even collapse, directly threatening the safe operation of the transmission line.

[0003] Currently, non-destructive testing methods for defects in concrete foundations mainly include elastic wave testing, impact echo testing, and ground-penetrating radar testing. Among these, elastic wave testing is widely used in engineering testing due to its advantages such as sensitivity to changes in the internal medium of concrete, large detection range, and ease of operation. However, existing elastic wave testing methods face the following technical problems in practical applications: First, in elastic wave testing, the coupling conditions of the detection point on the foundation surface (such as the contact tightness between the sensor and the concrete surface, the thickness of the coupling agent, and the surface flatness) have a significant impact on the amplitude of the acquired response signal. Differences in coupling conditions between different detection points can lead to systematic deviations in the response signal amplitude. These deviations are unrelated to the presence of defects within the foundation but directly interfere with the accuracy of defect identification. Traditional detection methods typically analyze the raw response signal directly without effectively eliminating differences in coupling conditions, resulting in a high rate of false defect identification.

[0004] Second, existing methods typically analyze only the response signal under a single excitation energy, identifying defects by the amplitude decay or travel time variation of the response signal. However, concrete exhibits stress dependence, meaning that its response characteristics change nonlinearly under different excitation energies. The degree of this nonlinear change is closely related to the defect state within the material. Linear analysis under a single excitation energy cannot capture this nonlinear response characteristic, resulting in insufficient ability to distinguish defect types.

[0005] Third, existing multi-level excitation detection technologies typically only focus on the relationship between response amplitude and excitation energy, failing to incorporate changes in response travel time into the analysis. In reality, when defects exist within concrete, the propagation path of stress waves at the defect interface changes, leading not only to changes in response amplitude but also to a shift in the pattern of the first wave's travel time changing with excitation energy. Analysis based on a single dimension (amplitude or travel time) cannot fully reflect the physical nature of the defects, limiting further improvements in defect identification accuracy.

[0006] Fourth, when it is necessary to perform defect analysis on multiple detection points on the same base surface, existing methods usually analyze and judge each detection point independently without utilizing the correlation between the response signals of each detection point for mutual calibration, resulting in low overall analysis efficiency and susceptibility to occasional noise interference. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method and system for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers, which addresses the technical problems in existing elastic wave detection methods, such as the inability to effectively eliminate systematic signal deviations caused by differences in coupling conditions at detection points, and the insufficient ability to distinguish defect types due to the inability of linear analysis under a single excitation energy to capture the nonlinear response characteristics of materials.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers, comprising: The elastic wave response signals were acquired after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the concrete foundation of the tower. Calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. Based on the coupling influence factor of each detection point, the detection points are grouped together. Detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold are assigned to the same detection point group to obtain at least one detection point group. Within a certain group of detection points, a certain reference detection point is determined from the group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response time ratio of each detection point. Using a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain benchmark detection point as a reference, the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy is eliminated to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. For other detection points, the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy are used to determine the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of other detection points. The nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is compared with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and the defect type and relative severity of other detection points are determined based on the comparison results.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention provides a defect analysis system for concrete foundations of transmission line towers, comprising: The acquisition module is configured to acquire elastic wave response signals collected after applying multi-level excitation energy at multiple detection points on the surface of the tower concrete foundation; The calculation module is configured to calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. The partitioning module is configured to group each detection point according to the coupling influence factor of each detection point, and to group detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold into the same detection point group, thereby obtaining at least one detection point group. The first determining module is configured to determine a reference detection point from a group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response travel time ratio of each detection point. The processing module is configured to use a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain reference detection point as a reference, and to perform coupling influence elimination on the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy, so as to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. The second determining module is configured to determine the nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points based on the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure medium response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy at other detection points. The comparison module is configured to compare the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and determine the defect type and relative severity of other detection points based on the comparison result.

[0010] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the steps of the method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundation of transmission line towers according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the steps of the method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundation of transmission line towers according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] The method and system for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers disclosed in this application introduces a multi-level excitation energy detection approach. It constructs a coupling influence factor using the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of elastic wave response signals under different excitation energies. Detection points with similar coupling influence conditions are grouped together, and a benchmark detection point is selected within each group. The response signal of the benchmark detection point is used as a reference to eliminate the frequency domain coupling influence of the response signals of other detection points. This effectively eliminates the systematic deviation introduced by differences in coupling conditions between detection points, improving the fidelity of the response signal. Based on this, and using the pure dielectric response signal obtained after eliminating the coupling influence, the same detection... The nonlinear change rate of response amplitude and the nonlinear change rate of travel time at the measuring points under different excitation energy levels are used to construct the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium. This nonlinear response characteristic value can effectively reflect the nonlinear response characteristics of concrete materials under stress wave action. The presence of defects will significantly change this nonlinear response law. Therefore, by comparing the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium with the range of healthy state characteristic values, the accurate identification and type differentiation of defects can be achieved. Compared with the traditional method that only relies on linear response analysis under a single excitation energy, this scheme captures richer physical information of the medium through multi-level excitation joint analysis, which significantly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of defect type identification. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a defect analysis system for concrete foundations of transmission line towers provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundation of a transmission line tower according to this application.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers specifically includes the following steps: Step S101: Acquire elastic wave response signals after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the tower concrete foundation.

[0018] In this step, the concrete foundation of the tower can be a concrete independent foundation, a combined foundation, or a pile foundation for a transmission line tower. Multiple detection points are arranged on the foundation surface according to a preset detection grid. The number of detection points can be determined based on the foundation size and detection accuracy requirements. For example, for a 5m × 5m foundation top surface, 100 detection points can be arranged at a grid spacing of 0.5m, with 10 × 10 grid points in total. An elastic wave receiving sensor is placed at each detection point. The sensor can be an accelerometer, a piezoelectric detector, or an acoustic emission sensor. An excitation point is selected on the foundation surface, and multiple levels of excitation energy are applied sequentially using an excitation source. The excitation source can be a piezoelectric vibrator, and different excitation energies are achieved by adjusting the driving voltage.

[0019] The multi-level excitation energy includes at least three excitation energy levels: a first-level excitation energy, a second-level excitation energy, and a third-level excitation energy, with the excitation energy values ​​increasing sequentially from first-level to third-level. In a specific implementation, when an exciter is used as the excitation source, the first-level excitation energy corresponds to a low-voltage drive (e.g., 10V), the second-level excitation energy corresponds to a medium-voltage drive (e.g., 25V), and the third-level excitation energy corresponds to a high-voltage drive (e.g., 50V).

[0020] For each level of excitation energy, after the excitation source emits the elastic wave, the receiving sensors at each detection point synchronously acquire the time-domain waveform signal within a preset time window, which serves as the elastic wave response signal at that detection point under that level of excitation energy. During the acquisition process, the same detection point can be repeatedly acquired multiple times (e.g., 3 to 5 times) under the same level of excitation energy. The signals acquired multiple times are then time-domain superimposed and averaged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0021] In this embodiment of the invention, the multi-stage excitation energy is not limited to three stages; four or more stages can also be used. The more stages, the higher the accuracy of subsequent nonlinear analysis, but the acquisition time and data processing volume will also increase accordingly. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select the number of excitation energy stages according to actual detection accuracy and efficiency requirements.

[0022] Step S102: Calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point.

[0023] In this step, the first response amplitude of a certain detection point under the first level of excitation energy, the second response amplitude under the second level of excitation energy, and the third response amplitude under the third level of excitation energy are obtained; Calculate the ratio of the second response amplitude to the first response amplitude to obtain the first initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the first-level excitation energy and the second-level excitation energy; and calculate the ratio of the third response amplitude to the second response amplitude to obtain the second initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the second-level excitation energy and the third-level excitation energy. The first wave travel time of a certain detection point under the first level of excitation energy, the second wave travel time under the second level of excitation energy, and the third wave travel time under the third level of excitation energy are obtained. Calculate the ratio of the second first wave travel time to the first first wave travel time to obtain the second initial response travel time ratio of the certain detection point between the first level excitation energy and the second level excitation energy; and calculate the ratio of the third first wave travel time to the second first wave travel time to obtain the second initial response travel time ratio of the certain detection point between the second level excitation energy and the third level excitation energy. The weighted average of the first initial response amplitude ratio and the second initial response amplitude ratio is used as the response amplitude ratio, and the weighted average of the first initial response time ratio and the second initial response time ratio is used as the response time ratio. Using the response amplitude ratio as the abscissa and the response travel time ratio as the ordinate, a response feature coordinate point for a certain detection point is constructed. The Euclidean distance from the response feature coordinate point to a preset standard coordinate point is calculated, and the Euclidean distance is used as the coupling influence factor for the certain detection point. The abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the preset standard coordinate point are both 1.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, for each detection point, the response amplitude and the first wave travel time are first extracted from the elastic wave response signal. The response amplitude is the peak amplitude of the time domain waveform, that is, the amplitude with the largest absolute value in the waveform. The first wave travel time refers to the time difference from the excitation triggering time to the peak time of the first arriving waveform. Specifically, an amplitude threshold can be set in the time domain waveform, and the arrival time of the first wave peak in the waveform that exceeds the threshold is determined as the first wave arrival time.

[0025] Specifically, for a certain detection point, the first response amplitude under the first level of excitation energy, the second response amplitude under the second level of excitation energy, and the third response amplitude under the third level of excitation energy are obtained. The ratio of the second response amplitude to the first response amplitude is calculated to obtain the first initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the first level of excitation energy and the second level of excitation energy. The ratio of the third response amplitude to the second response amplitude is calculated to obtain the second initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the second level of excitation energy and the third level of excitation energy.

[0026] Simultaneously, the first initial wave travel time at the detection point under the first-level excitation energy, the second initial wave travel time under the second-level excitation energy, and the third initial wave travel time under the third-level excitation energy are acquired. The ratio of the second initial wave travel time to the first initial wave travel time is calculated to obtain the first initial response travel time ratio of the detection point between the first-level and second-level excitation energies; the ratio of the third initial wave travel time to the second initial wave travel time is calculated to obtain the second initial response travel time ratio of the detection point between the second-level and third-level excitation energies.

[0027] The weighted average of the first initial response amplitude ratio and the second initial response amplitude ratio is used as the response amplitude ratio of the detection point, and the weighted average of the first initial response time ratio and the second initial response time ratio is used as the response time ratio of the detection point.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, since the first initial response amplitude ratio reflects the change in the low-energy range and the second initial response amplitude ratio reflects the change in the high-energy range, the two ranges contribute differently to the nonlinear response characteristics. Weighting coefficients can be set based on actual detection experience; for example, the first weighting coefficient could be 0.45 and the second weighting coefficient could be 0.55. In another embodiment, equal weighting (0.5 for each) can also be used for calculation.

[0029] Then, using the response amplitude ratio as the x-axis and the response travel time ratio as the y-axis, the response characteristic coordinates of the detection point are constructed. The Euclidean distance from the response characteristic coordinates to the preset standard coordinates (x-axis value of 1, y-axis value of 1) is calculated, and this Euclidean distance is used as the coupling influence factor of the detection point. The larger the value of the coupling influence factor, the greater the deviation of the coupling conditions of the detection point from the ideal state.

[0030] It should be noted that for any two adjacent excitation energy levels, if the coupling conditions between the detection point and the excitation source are good and the base medium exhibits a linear elastic response, the response amplitude should increase proportionally with the excitation energy, i.e., the theoretical value of the response amplitude ratio is 1; the theoretical ratio of the first wave travel time to the excitation energy is also 1. However, due to differences in the coupling conditions between each detection point and the excitation source (such as the contact tightness between the sensor and the base surface, the uniformity of the coupling agent application, and the local surface flatness), the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio will deviate from the theoretical value of 1. The degree of deviation reflects the degree of difference in coupling conditions.

[0031] In a specific numerical example, suppose the response amplitude of a certain detection point is A1 = 10mV under the first level of excitation energy, A2 = 19mV under the second level of excitation energy, and A3 = 36mV under the third level of excitation energy. Then, the first initial response amplitude ratio is 19 / 10 = 1.9, and the second initial response amplitude ratio is 36 / 19 ≈ 1.894. If equal weighting is used, the response amplitude ratio = (1.9 + 1.894) / 2 ≈ 1.897. The initial travel time of the detection point under the first-level excitation energy is T1=0.52ms, under the second-level excitation energy it is T2=0.50ms, and under the third-level excitation energy it is T3=0.48ms. Therefore, the first initial response travel time ratio is 0.50 / 0.52≈0.962, the second initial response travel time ratio is 0.48 / 0.50=0.96, and the response travel time ratio is (0.962+0.96) / 2≈0.961. The response characteristic coordinate point is (1.897, 0.961), and the Euclidean distance to the standard coordinate point (1, 1) is... This value is the coupling influence factor of the detection point.

[0032] Step S103: Group the detection points according to the coupling influence factors of each detection point, and classify the detection points whose difference between the coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold into the same detection point group to obtain at least one detection point group.

[0033] In this step, the coupling influence factor reflects the coupling condition characteristics between each detection point and the excitation source. Its value is not related to whether there are defects inside the foundation, but depends only on the coupling state between the sensor and the foundation surface. When the coupling influence factor values ​​of two detection points are close, it indicates that the coupling conditions of the two points are similar and the systematic deviations of their response signals are consistent.

[0034] Therefore, detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold are grouped into the same detection point group.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the coupling influence factor values ​​of each detection point are arranged on a one-dimensional number axis, and a mean-shift clustering algorithm or a hierarchical clustering algorithm is used. The bandwidth parameter of the mean-shift clustering algorithm is determined by multiplying the standard deviation of the coupling influence factors of all detection points by a preset coefficient (e.g., 0.5). The hierarchical clustering algorithm uses the average distance as the inter-class distance metric and a preset distance threshold as the clustering cutoff condition, and groups detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than the preset threshold into the same group.

[0036] After clustering, each cluster becomes a detection point group. The difference between the coupling influence factors of each detection point within the same group is less than the preset threshold. Based on the grouping of coupling influence factors, it is ensured that each detection point within the same group is affected by similar coupling conditions, providing a reasonable basis for subsequent elimination of coupling effects. If the coupling conditions of two detection points are too different (i.e., the difference in coupling influence factors exceeds the preset threshold), it indicates that the response signals of the two points are affected by coupling conditions differently, and they are not suitable for mutual calibration within the same group. They should be divided into different detection point groups.

[0037] Step S104: Within a certain group of detection points, a certain reference detection point is determined from the group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response travel time ratio of each detection point.

[0038] In this step, for each detection point in a certain detection point group, the first initial response amplitude ratio and the first initial response travel time ratio of each detection point between the first level excitation energy and the second level excitation energy are obtained, and the ratio of the first initial response amplitude ratio to the first initial response travel time ratio is calculated to obtain the first ratio. Obtain the second initial response amplitude ratio and the second initial response travel time ratio for each detection point between the second-level excitation energy and the third-level excitation energy, calculate the ratio of the second initial response amplitude ratio to the second initial response travel time ratio, and obtain the second ratio value; Calculate the absolute value of the first deviation between the first ratio and the value 1, calculate the absolute value of the second deviation between the second ratio and the value 1, and sum the absolute values ​​of the first and second deviations to obtain the comprehensive deviation value of each detection point in the detection point group. The detection point with the smallest overall deviation value in a certain detection point group is determined as the benchmark detection point.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, for each detection point group obtained in step S103, a reference detection point needs to be determined from the detection points in the group. The response signal of the reference detection point will be used as a reference standard for subsequent elimination of coupling effects. The reference detection point should be selected as the point with the best consistency between the response amplitude ratio and the response time ratio under each level of excitation energy. That is, the response amplitude of the point changes proportionally with the excitation energy, and the response time changes proportionally with the excitation energy to the highest extent, indicating that its coupling conditions are closest to the ideal state.

[0040] Specifically, for each detection point within a certain detection point group, the ratio of the first initial response amplitude to the ratio of the first initial response travel time to the first initial response amplitude to the first initial response travel time to that detection point are obtained. The ratio of the first initial response amplitude ratio to the first initial response travel time to obtain the first ratio is calculated. The closer the first ratio is to 1, the more consistent the rate of change of response amplitude and the rate of change of travel time are in the low energy range, and the more ideal the coupling condition is.

[0041] Obtain the ratio of the second initial response amplitude to the second initial response travel time of the detection point between the second-level excitation energy and the third-level excitation energy. Calculate the ratio of the second initial response amplitude ratio to the second initial response travel time ratio to obtain the second ratio. The closer the second ratio is to 1, the more consistent the rate of change of response amplitude and the rate of change of travel time are in the high-energy range, and the more ideal the coupling condition is.

[0042] Then, calculate the absolute value of the first deviation between the first ratio and the value 1, calculate the absolute value of the second deviation between the second ratio and the value 1, and sum the absolute values ​​of the first and second deviations to obtain the comprehensive deviation value of the detection point. The smaller the comprehensive deviation value, the better the synchronization between the response amplitude change and the travel time change of the detection point under different excitation energy levels, and the more stable the coupling condition.

[0043] The test point with the smallest overall deviation value in a certain test point group is determined as the benchmark test point for that group.

[0044] In a specific numerical example, suppose there are two detection points in a certain detection point group: detection point A and detection point B. The first initial response amplitude ratio of detection point A is 1.05, and the first initial response time ratio is 1.02. Then the first ratio is 1.05 / 1.02≈1.029, and the absolute value of the first deviation is 0.029. The second initial response amplitude ratio of detection point A is 1.06, and the second initial response time ratio is 1.03. Then the second ratio is 1.06 / 1.03≈1.029, and the absolute value of the second deviation is 0.029. The overall deviation value of point A is 0.058. The first initial response amplitude ratio of detection point B is 1.20, and the first initial response travel time ratio is 1.10, resulting in a first ratio of 1.091 and a first absolute deviation of 0.091. The second initial response amplitude ratio of detection point B is 1.18, and the second initial response travel time ratio is 1.08, resulting in a second ratio of 1.093 and a second absolute deviation of 0.093. The overall deviation of detection point B is 0.184. Therefore, the overall deviation of detection point A (0.058) is less than that of detection point B (0.184), and detection point A is selected as the benchmark detection point.

[0045] Step S105: Using the elastic wave response signal of a certain reference detection point as a reference, the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in the same detection point group under different levels of excitation energy is eliminated to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy.

[0046] In this step, for other detection points within a certain detection point group, the elastic wave response signals of the other detection points under the first-level excitation energy and the elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first-level excitation energy are obtained. The elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first level of excitation energy is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the reference spectrum under the first level of excitation energy. The elastic wave response signals of the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy are subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum to be eliminated under the first level of excitation energy. Divide the spectral values ​​of the reference spectrum at each frequency point under the first-level excitation energy by the spectral values ​​of the spectrum to be eliminated at the same frequency point under the first-level excitation energy to obtain the coupling effect transfer function under the first-level excitation energy. Divide the spectrum to be eliminated under the first-level excitation energy by the coupling effect transfer function under the first-level excitation energy to obtain the eliminated spectrum after eliminating the coupling effect. Perform an inverse Fourier transform on the eliminated spectrum to obtain the first pure medium response signal of the other detection points under the first-level excitation energy. The second pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the second-level excitation energy and the third pure dielectric response signal under the third-level excitation energy are respectively acquired.

[0047] In one specific embodiment, the reference detection point is identified as the detection point with the most ideal coupling conditions, and its elastic wave response signal has the smallest deviation introduced by the coupling conditions; the elastic wave response signals of other detection points contain coupling condition deviations that are different from those of the reference detection point, and need to be eliminated with reference to the response signal of the reference detection point.

[0048] Specifically, for any other detection point within a certain detection point group, firstly, the elastic wave response signal of that other detection point under the first-level excitation energy and the elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first-level excitation energy are acquired; then, the elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first-level excitation energy is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the reference spectrum under the first-level excitation energy; finally, the elastic wave response signal of the other detection point under the first-level excitation energy is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum to be eliminated under the first-level excitation energy.

[0049] Then, the spectral values ​​of the reference spectrum at each frequency point under the first-level excitation energy are divided by the spectral values ​​of the spectrum to be eliminated at the same frequency point under the first-level excitation energy to obtain the coupling effect transfer function under the first-level excitation energy. This coupling effect transfer function reflects the difference in coupling conditions of the other detection point relative to the reference detection point at each frequency component.

[0050] In practice, to prevent the division operation from being unstable due to the spectral values ​​to be eliminated being close to zero at certain frequency points, the spectrum to be eliminated can be regularized before performing frequency domain division: traverse the spectral amplitude of the spectrum to be eliminated at each frequency point, and replace the spectral values ​​to be eliminated at frequency points with spectral amplitudes less than a preset energy threshold (e.g., 1% of the maximum amplitude of the spectrum to be eliminated) with the preset energy threshold, thereby avoiding excessively large transfer function values ​​at frequency points with excessively small amplitudes.

[0051] Finally, the spectrum to be eliminated is divided by the coupling effect transfer function to obtain the eliminated spectrum after eliminating the coupling effect. The eliminated spectrum is then subjected to inverse Fourier transform to obtain the first pure dielectric response signal of the other detection point under the first-level excitation energy.

[0052] In the same manner, the second pure medium response signal at the other detection point under the second-level excitation energy and the third pure medium response signal under the third-level excitation energy were obtained respectively.

[0053] It should be noted that the pure dielectric response signal characterizes the equivalent response signal after eliminating the influence of the difference in coupling conditions between the detection point and the excitation source, with the response characteristics of the reference detection point as a reference. This signal is the response signal after normalization correction with the reference detection point as a scale.

[0054] Step S106: For other detection points, determine the nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points based on the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure medium response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy.

[0055] In this step, the waveform peak values ​​of the first pure dielectric response signal at the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy, the waveform peak values ​​of the second pure dielectric response signal under the second level of excitation energy, and the waveform peak values ​​of the third pure dielectric response signal under the third level of excitation energy are extracted. The peak value of the first pure medium response signal is used as the first pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points, the peak value of the second pure medium response signal is used as the second pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points, and the peak value of the third pure medium response signal is used as the third pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points. Calculate the first amplitude change rate between the second pure dielectric response amplitude and the first pure dielectric response amplitude, calculate the second amplitude change rate between the third pure dielectric response amplitude and the second pure dielectric response amplitude, and use the difference in amplitude change rate between the second amplitude change rate and the first amplitude change rate as the amplitude nonlinear change rate; The arrival time of the first wave of the first pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy is obtained; the arrival time of the first wave of the second pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the second level of excitation energy is obtained; and the arrival time of the first wave of the third pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the third level of excitation energy is obtained. The arrival time of the first wave of the first pure medium response signal is taken as the first pure medium response time of the other detection points, the arrival time of the first wave of the second pure medium response signal is taken as the second pure medium response time of the other detection points, and the arrival time of the first wave of the third pure medium response signal is taken as the third pure medium response time of the other detection points. Calculate the first rate of change of the second pure dielectric response time compared to the first pure dielectric response time, calculate the second rate of change of the third pure dielectric response time compared to the second pure dielectric response time, and take the difference between the second rate of change of the time and the first rate of change of the time as the nonlinear rate of change of the time.

[0056] Furthermore, the amplitude nonlinearity rate of change and the travel time nonlinearity rate of change are normalized to obtain the normalized amplitude nonlinearity rate of change and the normalized travel time nonlinearity rate of change. The nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points are calculated based on the normalized amplitude nonlinear change rate and the normalized travel time nonlinear change rate.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, after eliminating the influence of coupling conditions in step S105, the pure medium response signal at each detection point only contains the response information of the concrete foundation medium itself to elastic waves. Concrete material exhibits stress-dependent characteristics, meaning that the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the medium change under different excitation energies. When defects exist within the concrete (such as voids, cracks, looseness, or interface debonding), this stress-dependent response mode changes significantly. Therefore, by analyzing the nonlinear variation law of the pure medium response signal at the same detection point under multiple excitation energy levels, defect identification and determination can be achieved.

[0058] Specifically, for any other detection point within a certain detection point group, the first pure medium response signal under the first level of excitation energy, the second pure medium response signal under the second level of excitation energy, and the third pure medium response signal under the third level of excitation energy are first obtained from step S105.

[0059] The peak value of the first pure medium response signal is extracted as the first pure medium response amplitude at the other detection point; the peak value of the second pure medium response signal is extracted as the second pure medium response amplitude at the other detection point; the peak value of the third pure medium response signal is extracted as the third pure medium response amplitude at the other detection point.

[0060] The first amplitude change rate between the second pure medium response amplitude and the first pure medium response amplitude is calculated as follows: First amplitude change rate = (Second pure medium response amplitude - First pure medium response amplitude) / First pure medium response amplitude; the second amplitude change rate between the third pure medium response amplitude and the second pure medium response amplitude is calculated as follows: Second amplitude change rate = (Third pure medium response amplitude - Second pure medium response amplitude) / Second pure medium response amplitude; then the difference between the second amplitude change rate and the first amplitude change rate is calculated, and this difference is taken as the amplitude nonlinear change rate; the amplitude nonlinear change rate reflects the growth trend of the response amplitude as the excitation energy increases: if the growth rate remains basically unchanged (i.e., linear growth), the amplitude nonlinear change rate approaches zero; if the growth rate increases or decreases significantly (i.e., nonlinear growth), the amplitude nonlinear change rate deviates significantly from zero; internal defects in concrete will change the stress-strain nonlinear response characteristics of the material, causing a significant shift in the amplitude nonlinear change rate.

[0061] Simultaneously, the arrival time of the first wave of the first pure dielectric response signal at the other detection point under the first-level excitation energy is obtained as the first pure dielectric response travel time; the arrival time of the first wave of the second pure dielectric response signal under the second-level excitation energy is obtained as the second pure dielectric response travel time; and the arrival time of the first wave of the third pure dielectric response signal under the third-level excitation energy is obtained as the third pure dielectric response travel time.

[0062] The first rate of change of the travel time of the second pure dielectric response compared to the first pure dielectric response is calculated as follows: First rate of change of travel time = (Second pure dielectric response travel time - First pure dielectric response travel time) / First pure dielectric response travel time; the second rate of change of the travel time of the third pure dielectric response compared to the second pure dielectric response is calculated as follows: Second rate of change of travel time = (Third pure dielectric response travel time - Second pure dielectric response travel time) / Second pure dielectric response travel time; then the difference between the second and first rates of change of travel time is calculated, and this difference is taken as the nonlinear rate of change of travel time; the physical meaning of the nonlinear rate of change of travel time is similar to that of the amplitude nonlinear rate of change, reflecting the degree of nonlinearity of stress wave propagation speed with the change of excitation energy. The presence of defects will also significantly change this indicator.

[0063] In a specific numerical example, assuming the amplitude of the first pure medium response at a certain detection point is 10mV, the amplitude of the second pure medium response is 19mV, and the amplitude of the third pure medium response is 36mV, then the rate of change of the first amplitude = (19-10) / 10 = 0.9, the rate of change of the second amplitude = (36-19) / 19 ≈ 0.895, and the nonlinear rate of change of the amplitude = 0.895 - 0.9 = -0.005. The latency of the first pure medium response at this detection point is 0.52ms, the latency of the second pure medium response is 0.50ms, and the latency of the third pure medium response is 0.48ms. Then the rate of change of the first latency = (0.50-0.52) / 0.52 ≈ -0.0385, the rate of change of the second latency = (0.48-0.50) / 0.50 = -0.04, and the nonlinear rate of change of latency = -0.04 - (-0.0385) = -0.0015.

[0064] After obtaining the amplitude nonlinearity rate of change and the travel time nonlinearity rate of change, the amplitude nonlinearity rate of change is normalized to obtain the normalized amplitude nonlinearity rate of change, and the travel time nonlinearity rate of change is normalized to obtain the normalized travel time nonlinearity rate of change. The purpose of normalization is to convert two indicators with different dimensions to a unified scale, which facilitates subsequent comprehensive calculations. The specific normalization method is as follows: Assemble the amplitude nonlinearity rate of change of all detection points into a data sequence, calculate the mean and standard deviation of this data sequence, and for each detection point, subtract the mean from the amplitude nonlinearity rate of change of that detection point and divide by the standard deviation to obtain the normalized amplitude nonlinearity rate of change. The normalization of the travel time nonlinearity rate of change is performed in the same way.

[0065] Then, the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium at the other detection point is calculated based on the normalized amplitude nonlinear change rate and the normalized travel time nonlinear change rate. In a specific embodiment, the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is calculated as follows: taking the normalized amplitude nonlinear change rate and the normalized travel time nonlinear change rate as inputs, the product of the square of the normalized amplitude nonlinear change rate and the preset amplitude weighting coefficient is calculated, and then the product of the square of the normalized travel time nonlinear change rate and the preset travel time weighting coefficient is added. The square root of the sum of the products is then used to obtain the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium at the other detection point. Both the amplitude weighting coefficient and the travel time weighting coefficient are preset constants, and their sum is 1. The amplitude weighting coefficient is greater than the travel time weighting coefficient (for example, the amplitude weighting coefficient is 0.7 and the travel time weighting coefficient is 0.3) to reflect the dominance of amplitude change on the defect response.

[0066] Step S107: Compare the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium with the preset health status characteristic value range, and determine the defect type and relative severity of other detection points based on the comparison result.

[0067] In this step, it is determined whether the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium at other detection points is greater than the upper limit of the range of the health status characteristic value; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is greater than the upper limit value, then the defect type of other detection points is determined to be a compression defect, and the compression defect includes void defects and compaction defects. Calculate the first difference between the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium and the upper limit value, and determine the relative severity of the other detection points based on the preset compression severity level range in which the first difference falls; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is not greater than the upper limit value, then determine whether the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is less than the lower limit value of the range of the health status characteristic value; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is less than the lower limit value, then the defect type of the other detection points is determined to be a tension type defect, which includes crack defects and interface debonding defects. Calculate the second difference between the lower limit value and the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium, and determine the relative severity of the other detection points based on the preset tension-type severity level range in which the second difference falls; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is not less than the lower limit and not greater than the upper limit, then the other detection points are determined to be defect-free.

[0068] In one specific embodiment, under healthy conditions, the nonlinear response characteristic value of concrete material should fall within a normal fluctuation range; when there are defects inside the foundation, the stress concentration and wave impedance interface changes caused by the defects will significantly change the nonlinear response behavior of the medium, causing the characteristic value to exceed the normal range.

[0069] The preset range of health status characteristic values ​​is a pre-determined reference interval. This reference interval is determined as follows: Multiple reference testing points are selected in the concrete foundation of the tower, confirmed to be defect-free by non-destructive testing (such as ground-penetrating radar or core sampling). The nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium at each reference testing point is calculated using the same method as in steps S102 to S106. Then, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of all reference testing points are calculated. The arithmetic mean minus twice the standard deviation is used as the lower limit of the health status characteristic value range, and the arithmetic mean plus twice the standard deviation is used as the upper limit of the health status characteristic value range.

[0070] The nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points are compared with the range of health status characteristic values, specifically including the following three scenarios: If the characteristic value of the nonlinear response of the medium is greater than the upper limit of the range of characteristic values ​​of the healthy state, then the defect type of the detection point is determined to be a compression defect. Compression defects include void defects and compaction defects. The characteristic of compression defects is that the defect area exhibits an enhanced nonlinear response under the compression of stress waves, which significantly enhances the nonlinear growth trend of the response amplitude.

[0071] Furthermore, the first difference between the characteristic value of the nonlinear response of the medium and the upper limit value is calculated, and the relative severity of the detection point is determined based on the preset compression severity level range in which the first difference falls. For example, the compression severity level can be pre-divided into three level ranges: slight, moderate, and severe. The larger the first difference, the more severe the defect.

[0072] If the characteristic value of the nonlinear response of the medium is less than the lower limit of the characteristic value range of the healthy state, the defect type of the detection point is determined to be a tension-type defect. Tension-type defects include crack defects and interface debonding defects. The characteristic of tension-type defects is that the defect area generates a large wave impedance interface reflection during the propagation of stress waves, which suppresses the nonlinear growth trend of the response amplitude, making the characteristic value lower than the normal lower limit. The second difference between the lower limit value and the characteristic value of the nonlinear response of the medium is calculated. The relative severity of the detection point is determined according to the preset tension-type severity level range in which the second difference falls.

[0073] If the characteristic value of the nonlinear response of the medium is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the range of characteristic values ​​of the healthy state and less than or equal to the upper limit of the range of characteristic values ​​of the healthy state, then the detection point is determined to be defect-free.

[0074] In a specific application scenario, suppose 25 detection points are set on the surface of a concrete foundation of a tower. Elastic wave response signals of all detection points under three levels of excitation energy are acquired, and steps S101 to S107 are executed. The nonlinear response characteristic value of a certain detection point is calculated to be 0.82, while the healthy state characteristic value ranges from 0.45 to 0.65. Since the characteristic value of 0.82 is greater than the upper limit of 0.65, it is determined that this detection point has a compression-type defect. Further calculation shows the first difference to be 0.82 - 0.65 = 0.17. If the preset severity level range for compression-type defects is: a difference of 0 to 0.08 is slight, 0.08 to 0.18 is moderate, and greater than 0.18 is severe, then the defect severity of this detection point is moderate.

[0075] Furthermore, after completing the defect determination of all detection points, the process may also include a step of spatial distribution of defect areas: Each detection point identified as having defects is marked on the spatial location of the tower's concrete foundation. Connectivity analysis is performed on spatially adjacent defect detection points. When the spatial distance between two defect detection points is less than a preset spatial neighborhood radius (e.g., 1.5 times the spacing between two adjacent grids), the two defect detection points are merged into the same defect area. The spatial circumscribed outline of all detection points included in each defect area is used as the boundary of that defect area, generating and outputting a spatial distribution map of each defect area. This spatial distribution map can intuitively display the distribution location, size, and morphological characteristics of defects within the foundation, providing a visual basis for subsequent foundation reinforcement and maintenance decisions.

[0076] In summary, the method of this application acquires elastic wave response signals collected after applying multi-level excitation energy at multiple detection points; calculates the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio at each detection point, thereby determining the coupling influence factor and grouping them; within each group, a benchmark detection point is determined based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response travel time ratio; the frequency domain coupling influence of other detection points is eliminated using the response signal of the benchmark detection point as a reference, resulting in a pure dielectric response signal; the nonlinear change rate of amplitude and the nonlinear change rate of travel time of the pure dielectric response signal at each detection point under multi-level excitation energy are used to determine the nonlinear response characteristic value of the dielectric; the nonlinear response characteristic value of the dielectric is compared with the range of healthy state characteristic values ​​to determine the defect type and relative severity; effectively eliminating the differences in coupling conditions and achieving accurate differentiation of defect types.

[0077] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural block diagram of a defect analysis system for concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to this application.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission line tower concrete foundation defect analysis system 200 includes an acquisition module 210, a calculation module 220, a division module 230, a first determination module 240, a processing module 250, a second determination module 260, and a comparison module 270.

[0079] The acquisition module 210 is configured to acquire elastic wave response signals collected after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the tower concrete foundation; the calculation module 220 is configured to calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signals at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point; the division module 230 is configured to group the detection points according to the coupling influence factor of each detection point, and classify the detection points whose difference between the coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold into the same detection point group, thereby obtaining at least one detection point group; the first determination module 240 is configured to, within a certain detection point group, determine the detection point from the certain detection point based on the ratio relationship between the response amplitude ratio and the response travel time ratio of each detection point. A certain benchmark detection point is defined; a processing module 250 is configured to use a certain elastic wave response signal of the benchmark detection point as a reference to eliminate the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in the same detection point group under different levels of excitation energy, thereby obtaining multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to the other detection points under different levels of excitation energy; a second determining module 260 is configured to determine the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic value of other detection points based on the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between the multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to the other detection points under different levels of excitation energy; a comparison module 270 is configured to compare the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic value with a preset health state characteristic value range, and determine the defect type and relative severity of the other detection points based on the comparison result.

[0080] It should be understood that Figure 2 The modules and references described in the document Figure 1 The steps described in the text correspond to those in the method described above. Therefore, the operations, features, and corresponding technical effects described above also apply to the method described in the text. Figure 2 The various modules in the document will not be described in detail here.

[0081] In other embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundation of transmission line towers in any of the above method embodiments. In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores computer-executable instructions, which are configured as follows: The elastic wave response signals were acquired after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the concrete foundation of the tower. Calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. Based on the coupling influence factor of each detection point, the detection points are grouped together. Detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold are assigned to the same detection point group to obtain at least one detection point group. Within a certain group of detection points, a certain reference detection point is determined from the group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response time ratio of each detection point. Using a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain benchmark detection point as a reference, the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy is eliminated to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. For other detection points, the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy are used to determine the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of other detection points. The nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is compared with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and the defect type and relative severity of other detection points are determined based on the comparison results.

[0082] Computer-readable storage media may include a stored program area and a stored data area, wherein the stored program area may store an operating system and an application program required for at least one function; the stored data area may store data created based on the use of the transmission line tower concrete foundation defect analysis system, etc. Furthermore, the computer-readable storage medium may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may optionally include memory remotely located relative to a processor, and this remote memory may be connected to the transmission line tower concrete foundation defect analysis system via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0083] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the device includes a processor 310 and a memory 320. The electronic device may also include an input device 330 and an output device 340. The processor 310, memory 320, input device 330, and output device 340 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 3Taking a bus connection as an example, the memory 320 is the computer-readable storage medium described above. The processor 310 executes various server functions and data processing by running non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 320, thereby implementing the method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers as described in the above embodiment. The input device 330 can receive input digital or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the transmission line tower concrete foundation defect analysis system. The output device 340 may include a display screen or other display device.

[0084] The aforementioned electronic device can execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0085] In one implementation, the aforementioned electronic device is applied in a defect analysis system for concrete foundations of transmission line towers, serving as a client, and includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to: The elastic wave response signals were acquired after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the concrete foundation of the tower. Calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. Based on the coupling influence factor of each detection point, the detection points are grouped together. Detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold are assigned to the same detection point group to obtain at least one detection point group. Within a certain group of detection points, a certain reference detection point is determined from the group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response time ratio of each detection point. Using a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain benchmark detection point as a reference, the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy is eliminated to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. For other detection points, the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy are used to determine the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of other detection points. The nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is compared with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and the defect type and relative severity of other detection points are determined based on the comparison results.

[0086] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing defects in the concrete foundations of transmission line towers, characterized in that, include: The elastic wave response signals were acquired after applying multi-level excitation energy to multiple detection points on the surface of the concrete foundation of the tower. Calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. Based on the coupling influence factor of each detection point, the detection points are grouped together. Detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold are assigned to the same detection point group to obtain at least one detection point group. Within a certain group of detection points, a certain reference detection point is determined from the group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response time ratio of each detection point. Using a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain benchmark detection point as a reference, the coupling influence of the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy is eliminated to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. For other detection points, the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy are used to determine the dielectric nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of other detection points. The nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is compared with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and the defect type and relative severity of other detection points are determined based on the comparison results.

2. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, in, The multi-level excitation energy includes at least a first-level excitation energy, a second-level excitation energy, and a third-level excitation energy, with the excitation energy values ​​of the first-level excitation energy, the second-level excitation energy, and the third-level excitation energy increasing sequentially. The calculation of the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and the determination of the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point, includes: The first response amplitude of a certain detection point under the first level of excitation energy, the second response amplitude under the second level of excitation energy, and the third response amplitude under the third level of excitation energy are obtained. Calculate the ratio of the second response amplitude to the first response amplitude to obtain the first initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the first-level excitation energy and the second-level excitation energy; and calculate the ratio of the third response amplitude to the second response amplitude to obtain the second initial response amplitude ratio of the detection point between the second-level excitation energy and the third-level excitation energy. The first wave travel time of a certain detection point under the first level of excitation energy, the second wave travel time under the second level of excitation energy, and the third wave travel time under the third level of excitation energy are obtained. Calculate the ratio of the second first wave travel time to the first first wave travel time to obtain the second initial response travel time ratio of the certain detection point between the first level excitation energy and the second level excitation energy; and calculate the ratio of the third first wave travel time to the second first wave travel time to obtain the second initial response travel time ratio of the certain detection point between the second level excitation energy and the third level excitation energy. The weighted average of the first initial response amplitude ratio and the second initial response amplitude ratio is used as the response amplitude ratio, and the weighted average of the first initial response time ratio and the second initial response time ratio is used as the response time ratio. Using the response amplitude ratio as the abscissa and the response travel time ratio as the ordinate, a response feature coordinate point for a certain detection point is constructed. The Euclidean distance from the response feature coordinate point to a preset standard coordinate point is calculated, and the Euclidean distance is used as the coupling influence factor for the certain detection point. The abscissa and ordinate values ​​of the preset standard coordinate point are both 1.

3. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining a reference detection point from a set of detection points based on the ratio of response amplitude to response travel time of each detection point includes: For each detection point in a certain detection point group, obtain the first initial response amplitude ratio and the first initial response travel time ratio of each detection point between the first level excitation energy and the second level excitation energy, calculate the ratio of the first initial response amplitude ratio to the first initial response travel time ratio, and obtain the first ratio. Obtain the second initial response amplitude ratio and the second initial response travel time ratio for each detection point between the second-level excitation energy and the third-level excitation energy, calculate the ratio of the second initial response amplitude ratio to the second initial response travel time ratio, and obtain the second ratio value; Calculate the absolute value of the first deviation between the first ratio and the value 1, calculate the absolute value of the second deviation between the second ratio and the value 1, and sum the absolute values ​​of the first and second deviations to obtain the comprehensive deviation value of each detection point in the detection point group. The detection point with the smallest overall deviation value in a certain detection point group is determined as the benchmark detection point.

4. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of using a specific elastic wave response signal at a certain reference detection point as a benchmark, and then eliminating the coupling effect on the elastic wave response signals of other detection points within the same detection point group under different levels of excitation energy, to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to the other detection points under different levels of excitation energy, includes: For other detection points within a certain detection point group, obtain the elastic wave response signal of the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy, and the elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first level of excitation energy; The elastic wave response signal of the reference detection point under the first level of excitation energy is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the reference spectrum under the first level of excitation energy. The elastic wave response signals of the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy are subjected to Fourier transform to obtain the spectrum to be eliminated under the first level of excitation energy. Divide the spectral values ​​of the reference spectrum at each frequency point under the first-level excitation energy by the spectral values ​​of the spectrum to be eliminated at the same frequency point under the first-level excitation energy to obtain the coupling effect transfer function under the first-level excitation energy. Divide the spectrum to be eliminated under the first-level excitation energy by the coupling effect transfer function under the first-level excitation energy to obtain the eliminated spectrum after eliminating the coupling effect. Perform an inverse Fourier transform on the eliminated spectrum to obtain the first pure medium response signal of the other detection points under the first-level excitation energy. The second pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the second-level excitation energy and the third pure dielectric response signal under the third-level excitation energy are respectively acquired.

5. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, For other detection points, the amplitude nonlinearity and travel-time nonlinearity among multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy at those other detection points include: Extract the peak waveform of the first pure dielectric response signal at the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy, the peak waveform of the second pure dielectric response signal under the second level of excitation energy, and the peak waveform of the third pure dielectric response signal under the third level of excitation energy; The peak value of the first pure medium response signal is used as the first pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points, the peak value of the second pure medium response signal is used as the second pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points, and the peak value of the third pure medium response signal is used as the third pure medium response amplitude of the other detection points. Calculate the first amplitude change rate between the second pure dielectric response amplitude and the first pure dielectric response amplitude, calculate the second amplitude change rate between the third pure dielectric response amplitude and the second pure dielectric response amplitude, and use the difference in amplitude change rate between the second amplitude change rate and the first amplitude change rate as the amplitude nonlinear change rate; The arrival time of the first wave of the first pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the first level of excitation energy is obtained; the arrival time of the first wave of the second pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the second level of excitation energy is obtained; and the arrival time of the first wave of the third pure dielectric response signal of the other detection points under the third level of excitation energy is obtained. The arrival time of the first wave of the first pure medium response signal is taken as the first pure medium response time of the other detection points, the arrival time of the first wave of the second pure medium response signal is taken as the second pure medium response time of the other detection points, and the arrival time of the first wave of the third pure medium response signal is taken as the third pure medium response time of the other detection points. Calculate the first rate of change of the second pure dielectric response time compared to the first pure dielectric response time, calculate the second rate of change of the third pure dielectric response time compared to the second pure dielectric response time, and take the difference between the second rate of change of the time and the first rate of change of the time as the nonlinear rate of change of the time.

6. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of the nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points includes: The amplitude nonlinearity rate of change and the travel time nonlinearity rate of change are normalized to obtain the normalized amplitude nonlinearity rate of change and the normalized travel time nonlinearity rate of change. The nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points are calculated based on the normalized amplitude nonlinear change rate and the normalized travel time nonlinear change rate.

7. The method for analyzing defects in concrete foundations of transmission line towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and determining the defect type and relative severity of other detection points based on the comparison result, includes: Determine whether the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium at other detection points is greater than the upper limit of the range of the health status characteristic values; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is greater than the upper limit value, then the defect type of other detection points is determined to be a compression defect, and the compression defect includes void defects and compaction defects. Calculate the first difference between the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium and the upper limit value, and determine the relative severity of the other detection points based on the preset compression severity level range in which the first difference falls; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is not greater than the upper limit value, then determine whether the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is less than the lower limit value of the range of the health status characteristic value; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is less than the lower limit value, then the defect type of the other detection points is determined to be a tension type defect, which includes crack defects and interface debonding defects. Calculate the second difference between the lower limit value and the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium, and determine the relative severity of the other detection points based on the preset tension-type severity level range in which the second difference falls; If the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium is not less than the lower limit and not greater than the upper limit, then the other detection points are determined to be defect-free.

8. A defect analysis system for concrete foundations of transmission line towers, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is configured to acquire elastic wave response signals collected after applying multi-level excitation energy at multiple detection points on the surface of the tower concrete foundation; The calculation module is configured to calculate the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio of the elastic wave response signal at each detection point under different levels of excitation energy, and determine the coupling influence factor of each detection point based on the response amplitude ratio and response travel time ratio corresponding to the same detection point. The partitioning module is configured to group each detection point according to the coupling influence factor of each detection point, and to group detection points whose difference between coupling influence factors is less than a preset threshold into the same detection point group, thereby obtaining at least one detection point group. The first determining module is configured to determine a reference detection point from a group of detection points based on the ratio of the response amplitude ratio to the response travel time ratio of each detection point. The processing module is configured to use a certain elastic wave response signal of a certain reference detection point as a reference, and to perform coupling influence elimination on the elastic wave response signals of other detection points in a certain detection point group under different levels of excitation energy, so as to obtain multiple pure dielectric response signals corresponding to other detection points under different levels of excitation energy. The second determining module is configured to determine the nonlinear response characteristic values ​​of the medium at other detection points based on the amplitude nonlinear change rate and travel time nonlinear change rate between multiple pure medium response signals corresponding to different levels of excitation energy at other detection points. The comparison module is configured to compare the nonlinear response characteristic value of the medium with a preset range of health status characteristic values, and determine the defect type and relative severity of other detection points based on the comparison result.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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