A method, system and device for monitoring the soil environment of a watershed

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of river basin soil environment monitoring method, system and equipment, it is related to the cross technical field of environmental science and ecology, method includes: the target river basin monitoring area is divided into multiple scene areas, and multiple soil environment monitoring points are arranged in each scene area;To the same soil environment monitoring point, soil sample is collected at different time points and soil sample is tested, and the time series data of multiple test indexes are obtained;Based on the time series data of multiple test indexes, single-index analysis and multi-index comprehensive analysis are carried out, and quantitative and qualitative analysis results are obtained;Based on the preset evaluation rule corresponding to different scene areas, the scene area is evaluated and early warned according to quantitative and qualitative analysis results.The application realizes timely and accurate monitoring and early warning of soil environment without adding high-end complex instruments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the interdisciplinary field of environmental science and ecology, and in particular to a method, system and equipment for monitoring watershed soil environment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, some soil environments face three main problems: First, large-scale mining operations are destroying the structure and function of ecosystems and causing the occupation of land resources; second, land use patterns are changing significantly, with grassland area decreasing and construction land increasing; and third, water conservation capacity is declining, leading to serious soil erosion.

[0003] To address these issues, the following approaches can be taken: In farmland quality surveys, topsoil samples are collected using a ring sampler, and soil compaction is assessed visually and by hand-rubbing. In mining area soil monitoring, a one-time surface sampling is conducted after the completion of remediation projects; if the tested indicators are below the risk screening value, the soil is deemed compliant. In forest soil surveys, water conservation capacity is evaluated by testing a small number of indicators related to water conservation and assessing the condition of the perched water layer. However, these methods share common drawbacks: they only provide a one-time compliance assessment, lack time-series monitoring, and cannot monitor changes in ecological environment quality over time; relying on remote sensing and expensive hydrological stations and models also presents problems such as delayed detection, high costs, and difficulty in timely understanding of the true situation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a watershed soil environment monitoring method, system and equipment to achieve timely and accurate monitoring and early warning of the soil environment without adding new high-end and complex instruments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: Firstly, this application provides a method for monitoring the soil environment in a watershed, including: The target watershed monitoring area is divided into multiple scenario areas, and multiple soil environment monitoring points are set up in each scenario area; Soil samples were collected and tested at different time points at the same soil environmental monitoring point to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators. Based on time series data of multiple test indicators, single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis are performed to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results. Based on the preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas, the scene areas are evaluated and warned according to the quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a watershed soil environment monitoring system, comprising: The monitoring point deployment design module is used to divide the target watershed monitoring area into multiple scene areas and deploy multiple soil environment monitoring points in each scene area. The test index acquisition module is used to collect soil samples at different time points from the same soil environmental monitoring point and test the soil samples to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators. The analysis module is used to perform single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results. The evaluation and early warning module is used to evaluate and issue early warnings for the scene areas based on preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas and the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis.

[0007] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement a watershed soil environment monitoring method.

[0008] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed: This application divides the target watershed monitoring area into multiple scenario areas and deploys multiple soil environmental monitoring points in each scenario area. By repeatedly sampling and testing indicators at different time points on the same monitoring point and the same soil profile, time series data of multiple test indicators are obtained. This allows for qualitative judgment of the trend of soil quality migration, improvement, or deterioration over time in each scenario area, enabling continuous monitoring of the governance effect and the risk of subsequent degradation. Then, based on the time series data of multiple test indicators, single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis are performed to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results, thereby achieving evaluation and early warning. By deploying a large number of monitoring points in the watershed and regularly sampling and testing soil indicators on-site, when signs of continuous change in soil-related indicators appear within a certain period of time, it is possible to qualitatively judge whether the water conservation capacity has decreased or increased. It is also possible to predict the risk of soil erosion in the future, providing a basis for taking early intervention measures, and early warning can be completed without relying on high-precision instruments.

[0009] In summary, this application, by combining continuous time monitoring with multi-indicator joint measurement, significantly improves the response sensitivity to changes in water quality, land use patterns, and water conservation capacity in various scenarios within the watershed, while maintaining ease of operation and low instrument requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a watershed soil environment monitoring method in one embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0014] This application uses soil itself as an early warning carrier, establishes a soil environmental monitoring point system within the watershed, and combines time series monitoring and multi-indicator joint measurement to dynamically monitor and provide early warning for real issues such as changes in environmental quality around mines, conversion of grasslands into construction land, and changes in water conservation capacity, providing operable and scalable technical support for the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and deserts.

[0015] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a watershed soil environment monitoring method is provided. This method is executed by computer equipment, specifically by a terminal or server alone, or by both a terminal and a server. In this embodiment, it includes the following steps 101 to 104.

[0017] Step 101: Divide the target watershed monitoring area into multiple scenario areas and set up multiple soil environment monitoring points in each scenario area.

[0018] In practical applications, the target watershed monitoring area is divided into multiple scenario areas based on the real-world problems encountered, including mining remediation areas, grassland-to-construction land conversion areas, and water conservation areas. Within these areas, considering topographic features and engineering layout, multiple soil environmental monitoring points are deployed in each scenario area, including: (1) For any scenario area, newly hardened patches within the scenario area are designated as first-class soil environmental monitoring points; specifically, newly hardened patches with a certain area are designated as mandatory soil environmental monitoring points, soil samples are collected on-site, the disappearance of topsoil and the compaction of subsoil are marked, and qualitative comparisons are made with historical grassland samples, so that soil degradation signals can be identified before the land hardens, and early warning of the transformation of grassland into construction land can be achieved.

[0019] (2) By combining block-based and random point deployment, multiple second-class random soil environmental monitoring points are deployed in the scene area to implement classified point deployment and zoned management.

[0020] Step 102: Collect soil samples at different time points for the same soil environmental monitoring point and test the soil samples to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators.

[0021] In a specific application, for each soil environmental monitoring point, multiple time points at intervals are selected to continuously monitor the same location, forming time series data. When sampling at different time points, the planar positions are overlapped as much as possible to ensure that the coordinate error of the remeasurement is controlled within a certain range (e.g., within about 50cm) to ensure the comparability of time series data and thus achieve trend identification.

[0022] Based on the required engineering type and remediation objectives, soil samples were collected manually at monitoring points. Soil sample testing strictly adhered to relevant technical specifications, focusing on the following seven indicators: soil bulk density, gravel content, pH value, effective soil layer thickness, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. These indicators, combined with the ecological function and engineering requirements of the monitoring area, were used to assess changes in the soil ecological environment in each scenario area and to understand changes in land use types.

[0023] By conducting multiple different tests on the same soil sample during the same sampling, deviations in the test values ​​caused by factors such as moisture evaporation can be avoided, thus ensuring the accuracy of the data.

[0024] Step 103 involves conducting single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time-series data of multiple test indicators to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results. Specifically, the detection results at different time points and different soil environmental monitoring points are comprehensively analyzed and judged. By utilizing changes in indicators such as soil bulk density, gravel content, pH value, effective soil layer thickness, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity, combined with relevant technical specifications, the ecological environment status and its changing trends are evaluated to identify key issues such as the effectiveness of mine governance, grassland degradation and hardening risks, and changes in water conservation capacity in different scenarios and regions.

[0025] In one specific application, step 103 includes: (1) For any test indicator, after cleaning the time series data, calculate the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum value and minimum value respectively.

[0026] Specifically, the original test indicators for each soil layer at each soil environmental monitoring point, including soil bulk density, gravel content, pH value, effective soil layer thickness, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity, were compiled and obvious data entry errors and outliers were removed. Then, the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum and minimum values ​​of each test indicator were calculated at different times and in different scenarios to characterize the overall level and dispersion of different spatial units and time stages.

[0027] (2) For any soil environmental monitoring point, select the first type of test index from multiple test indicators as the key index; for the first type of test index, draw a box plot or time variation curve, and identify anomalies and inflection points. Among them, the key index may include bulk density, organic matter, and effective soil layer thickness.

[0028] (3) Normalize one test index of any soil environmental monitoring point and evaluate the level according to the first preset level rule to obtain the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the single index.

[0029] To facilitate comprehensive analysis of indicators with different dimensions and magnitudes, the indicators are made dimensionless and divided into several levels according to preset level rules.

[0030] For test indicators where higher values ​​indicate worse ecological conditions (such as soil bulk density, gravel content, electrical conductivity, etc.), the range standardization method is used to transform the original values ​​into x. ij Convert to standardized value: S ij =(x ij -x j,min ) / (x j,max -x jmin ); where x j,min x j,max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the test metric j across all samples, respectively; S ij The value ranges from 0 to 1, with a larger value indicating a higher degree of degradation.

[0031] For indicators where a larger logarithmic value indicates a better ecological condition (such as organic matter content, effective soil layer thickness, cation exchange capacity, etc.), then S is used. ij =(x j,max -x ij ) / (x j,max -x jminThis ensures that all standardized test indicators have the unified meaning that the larger the value, the worse the ecological condition and the higher the risk, which facilitates subsequent comprehensive analysis.

[0032] Based on this, combined with preset grading rules (such as the rules specified according to the threshold recommendations in the evaluation of soil environmental quality and soil and water conservation), the standardized results of each single test indicator are divided into 3 to 5 grades (taking five grades as an example, including excellent, good, medium, poor, and very poor), and corresponding qualitative descriptions are given to identify whether a certain soil environmental monitoring point has entered the warning state at a certain time point or period.

[0033] (4) For any soil environmental monitoring point, in order to reflect the changes in the overall ecological status of the soil and the water conservation capacity, calculate the comprehensive degradation index of multiple indicators, and conduct grade evaluation according to the second preset grade rule to obtain the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of multiple indicators.

[0034] In a specific application, the calculation process of the multi-indicator comprehensive degradation index includes: 1) Determine the weight w of each test indicator based on its importance in ecological function. j Specifically, based on the importance of each test indicator in ecological function (e.g., organic matter and effective soil layer thickness have a significant impact on water conservation and soil structure, while bulk density and gravel content have a significant impact on root growth and permeability), the weights of each test indicator are determined using methods such as expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). j and satisfy ∑ j w j =1.

[0035] 2) All test indicators S at the same soil environmental monitoring point i ij By performing weighted summation, we obtain the multi-indicator comprehensive degradation index D. i :D i =∑ j=1 w j s ij D i The larger the value, the higher the degree of soil degradation at that monitoring point, and the greater the ecological risk.

[0036] Finally, based on the multi-indicator comprehensive degradation index D i Based on the distribution of soil and relevant standards, the soil is divided into several levels (e.g., Level I - good, Level II - basically stable, Level III - slightly degraded, Level IV - moderately degraded, Level V - severely degraded), forming a watershed-scale soil ecological status zoning map.

[0037] The qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the single indicator, the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the multiple indicators, and the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum and minimum values ​​of the time series data of any test indicator constitute the quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

[0038] Furthermore, the steps of conducting single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators also include: when data from multiple monitoring periods exist at the same soil environmental monitoring point, time series analysis is performed on key indicators and the comprehensive degradation index of multiple indicators. The specific processing steps are as follows: 1) Based on the aforementioned time-varying curves, a linear regression model is used to estimate the rate of change of the indicators; specifically, for the key indicator X at each soil environmental monitoring point... t Plot the change curve over time t, and use a linear regression model to estimate the rate of change: X t = a +bt+ .

[0039] 2) Determine the first trend state based on the rate of change of the indicator; the first trend state is either improvement or deterioration; corresponding to the letter b in the formula of the previous step, it is the slope of the indicator change over time, b>0 or b<0 respectively indicate that the indicator is on an upward or downward trend, and then combine the indicator attributes to determine whether it is "improvement" or "deterioration".

[0040] 3) Based on the comprehensive degradation index of the soil environmental monitoring points, plot the comprehensive degradation time variation curve, and use a linear regression model to estimate the comprehensive degradation rate; similarly, we can obtain: D t =a'+b't+ .

[0041] 4) Determine the second trend state based on the comprehensive degradation rate; the second trend state is either worsening degradation or improving degradation. If b'>0 and is statistically significant, it indicates that the soil degradation at the monitoring point is worsening over time and should be included in the key warning range; otherwise, it indicates that the ecological condition has improved or is basically stable.

[0042] For locations with longer monitoring periods, moving averages or nonlinear fitting (such as polynomial fitting, LOESS curves, etc.) can be introduced to smooth short-term fluctuations and better identify long-term trends.

[0043] Through the above processing, the judgment of single indicators is combined with the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators, so as to achieve quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the ecological environment status and its changing trends.

[0044] Step 104: Based on the preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas, evaluate and issue warnings for the scene areas according to the quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

[0045] The pre-set evaluation rules for the mining remediation area are as follows: focus on test indicators such as bulk density, gravel content, organic matter and cation exchange capacity; if the comprehensive degradation index of the above test indicators decreases significantly within two consecutive monitoring periods (the monitoring period is determined by two time points), or if the key indicators show a significant trend towards an unfavorable direction (such as a continuous increase in bulk density and a continuous decrease in organic matter), it is judged that the remediation effect is unstable or the risk of ecological degradation is increased, and suggestions to strengthen reclamation measures are proposed.

[0046] The pre-defined evaluation rules for areas transitioning from grassland to construction land are as follows: focus on test indicators for topsoil disappearance, subsoil compaction, and changes in effective soil layer thickness; if the bulk density of the proposed hardening plot and surrounding monitoring points increases significantly in a short period of time, the effective soil layer thickness and organic matter decrease significantly, and the comprehensive degradation index of multiple indicators jumps from low to high level, it is judged as a pre-hardening warning zone, and it is recommended to optimize the construction plan, increase permeable paving, or retain a certain proportion of green space.

[0047] The preset evaluation rules for water conservation areas are as follows: focus on test indicators closely related to water conservation capacity, such as bulk density, organic matter, gravel content, and effective soil layer thickness; if the time series analysis of these test indicators shows that these indicators are changing in a direction unfavorable to water storage and infiltration, and the comprehensive degradation index exceeds the set threshold, then it is determined to be a water conservation capacity decline area, and the future risk of soil erosion is assessed in combination with information such as slope, rainfall, and vegetation cover.

[0048] This application also provides a specific implementation method. Several representative areas are selected within a watershed, including concentrated mining areas and their downstream regions, grasslands and planned construction areas, and important water conservation areas. Soil environmental monitoring points are deployed using a combination of block-based and systematic random point deployment. Soil samples are collected from each monitoring point at different time points, and indicators such as soil bulk density, gravel content, pH value, effective soil layer thickness, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity are tested. The monitoring data are then analyzed and evaluated according to corresponding preset evaluation rules. For mining remediation areas, by comparing monitoring results at different time points, we can determine whether soil structure and fertility are developing in a direction conducive to ecological restoration, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the remediation project.

[0049] In areas where grassland and construction land intersect, monitoring points are set up in and around the proposed hardening area. Combined with historical grassland sampling data, early signs of topsoil disappearance and subsoil compaction are identified, enabling early warning of grassland hardening before conversion into construction land.

[0050] For water conservation areas, by continuously monitoring soil indicators related to water conservation capacity, when a continuous deterioration trend is observed, a qualitative judgment can be made on the decline of water conservation capacity, and the risk of future soil erosion can be predicted, providing a basis for timely measures such as adjusting land use patterns and strengthening vegetation restoration.

[0051] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a system. The solution provided by this system is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more method embodiments provided below can be found in the system limitations above, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, a watershed soil environment monitoring system is provided, comprising: The monitoring point deployment design module is used to divide the target watershed monitoring area into multiple scene areas and deploy multiple soil environment monitoring points in each scene area.

[0053] The test index acquisition module is used to collect soil samples at different time points from the same soil environmental monitoring point and test the soil samples to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators.

[0054] The analysis module is used to perform single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

[0055] The evaluation and early warning module is used to evaluate and issue early warnings for the scene areas based on preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas and the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis.

[0056] In summary, this application addresses issues such as concentrated mining in watersheds, grassland reduction and increased construction land use, and declining water conservation capacity by adopting a watershed soil environment monitoring method based on soil itself. This method enables early warning of soil ecological environment quality without the need for new high-end and complex instruments.

[0057] Compared to existing technologies, it has the following advantages: (1) Achieve dynamic monitoring of soil environmental quality in and around mines. Existing technologies typically only conduct one-time surface sampling after the completion of mine remediation projects, judging whether the standards are met based on whether a single indicator is lower than the risk screening value. This cannot reveal the change process of soil environmental quality over time. This application obtains time series data by repeatedly sampling and testing indicators at different time points on the same monitoring point and the same soil profile. This allows for qualitative judgment of the trend of soil quality in and around mines migrating, improving, or deteriorating over time, and enables continuous monitoring of the remediation effect and the risk of subsequent degradation.

[0058] (2) To achieve early warning of water conservation capacity decline and soil erosion risk. This application sets up a large number of monitoring points in the watershed, regularly samples and tests soil indicators related to water conservation capacity. When signs of continuous decline in soil-related indicators appear within a certain period of time, it can be qualitatively judged that water conservation capacity is declining and the risk of soil erosion in the future period can be assessed in advance, providing a basis for taking early intervention measures. Early warning can be completed without relying on high-precision instruments.

[0059] (3) It takes into account both operability and scalability, and is suitable for long-term application. In terms of technical approach, this application adopts existing technical means such as ring sampler sampling and hand-rubbing structure judgment, and forcibly increases the number of monitoring points within a certain range. Combined with continuous time monitoring and multi-index joint measurement, the method significantly improves the response sensitivity to changes in the environmental quality, land use patterns and water conservation capacity of the surrounding environment of the mine while maintaining simple operation and low instrument requirements.

[0060] In short, this application establishes a soil environmental monitoring system within the watershed, continuously monitoring the same soil environmental monitoring point at different time points. Combined with information on land use type changes, it conducts comprehensive analysis and early warning for typical scenarios such as concentrated mining areas, grassland-to-construction land conversion areas, and water conservation areas. By constructing this monitoring system, it ensures that the number of core natural grassland areas does not decrease, restores and maintains the soil environmental quality around mines, and preserves the watershed's good soil and water conservation capacity.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows. Figure 2 As shown, this computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and databases. The internal memory provides the environment for the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media to run. The I / O interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communicating with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a watershed soil environment monitoring method.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 2The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0063] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0065] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0066] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0067] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0068] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0069] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0070] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the soil environment in a watershed, characterized in that, The method includes: The target watershed monitoring area is divided into multiple scenario areas, and multiple soil environment monitoring points are set up in each scenario area; Soil samples were collected and tested at different time points at the same soil environmental monitoring point to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators. Based on time series data of multiple test indicators, single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis are performed to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results. Based on the preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas, the scene areas are evaluated and warned according to the quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

2. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple soil environmental monitoring points were deployed in each scenario area, including: For any given scene area, newly created hardened patches within that scene area are designated as Class I soil environmental monitoring points; A combination of segmented and random point deployment was used to deploy multiple second-type random soil environmental monitoring points within the scene area.

3. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple test indicators include soil bulk density, gravel content, pH value, effective soil layer thickness, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity.

4. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on time series data of multiple test indicators, single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis are performed to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results, including: For any test indicator's time series data, after data cleaning, calculate the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum value, and minimum value respectively; For any soil environmental monitoring point, a test index is normalized and evaluated according to the first preset level rule to obtain the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the single index. For any soil environmental monitoring point, the comprehensive degradation index of multiple indicators is calculated, and the grade evaluation is carried out according to the second preset grade rule to obtain the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of multiple indicators. The qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the single indicator, the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of the multiple indicators, and the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum and minimum values ​​of the time series data of any test indicator constitute the quantitative and qualitative analysis results.

5. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for single-indicator analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators also include: For any soil environmental monitoring point, select the first type of test index from multiple test indicators; For the first type of test indicators, draw box plots or time variation curves, and identify outliers and inflection points.

6. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation process of the multi-indicator comprehensive degradation index includes: Based on the importance of each test indicator in ecological function, the weight w of each test indicator j is determined. j ; For all test indicators S at the same soil environmental monitoring point i ij By performing weighted summation, we obtain the multi-indicator comprehensive degradation index D. i :D i =∑ j=1 w j s ij .

7. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps of conducting single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators also include: Based on the aforementioned time-varying curve, a linear regression model is used to estimate the rate of change of the index; A first trend state is determined based on the rate of change of the aforementioned indicator; the first trend state is either improving or deteriorating. Based on the comprehensive degradation index of the soil environmental monitoring points, a comprehensive degradation time change curve was plotted, and a linear regression model was used to estimate the comprehensive degradation rate. A second trend state is determined based on the comprehensive rate of degradation; the second trend state is either aggravated degradation or improved degradation.

8. The watershed soil environment monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Different scenarios include mining areas, grassland-to-construction land conversion areas, and water conservation areas.

9. A watershed soil environment monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes: The monitoring point deployment design module is used to divide the target watershed monitoring area into multiple scene areas and deploy multiple soil environment monitoring points in each scene area. The test index acquisition module is used to collect soil samples at different time points from the same soil environmental monitoring point and test the soil samples to obtain time series data of multiple test indicators. The analysis module is used to perform single-indicator analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive analysis based on time series data of multiple test indicators to obtain quantitative and qualitative analysis results. The evaluation and early warning module is used to evaluate and issue early warnings for the scene areas based on preset evaluation rules corresponding to different scene areas and the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis.

10. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the watershed soil environment monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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