System and method for detecting arcing and electrical component faults in a power distribution system
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GE AVIATION SYST LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-07
Smart Images
Figure CN122525231A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] These teachings typically relate to electrical distribution systems, and more specifically to the detection and prevention of electrical discharges and component failures within distribution units. Background Technology
[0002] Distribution units are used in various situations to distribute power to multiple separate systems. These distribution units typically include electrical and / or electronic components that may fail or malfunction, which could cause them to generate arcs, sparks, discharges, and / or other fault indications within the distribution unit. In turn, such failures or malfunctions may affect other electrical and / or electronic components within the distribution unit.
[0003] For example, aircraft electrical distribution systems may experience arcing, sparking, discharge, and / or other fault indications in the power distribution units that supply power to various aviation systems. Newer electrical systems may use higher voltages and currents, which can increase the likelihood of potential component failures and potentially amplify the consequences of such failures. If not detected and addressed early, such fault events can spread and cause damage or failure to other components within and / or outside the unit. Therefore, early detection is desirable to minimize the potential damage caused by such events. Attached Figure Description
[0004] By providing the early component failure detection described in the following detailed description, especially when studied in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, various needs are at least partially met. The complete and full disclosure of various aspects of this description, including its best mode, is set forth in this specification with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are intended for use by those skilled in the art.
[0005] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of electrical power distribution systems according to various embodiments.
[0006] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of electrical components in a closed module according to various embodiments.
[0007] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting faults in electrical components according to various embodiments.
[0008] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting faults in electrical components according to various embodiments.
[0009] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting faults in electrical components according to various embodiments.
[0010] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting faults in electrical components according to various embodiments.
[0011] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting smoke, dust, or particles within a closed module, according to various embodiments.
[0012] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting smoke, dust, or particles within a closed module, according to various embodiments.
[0013] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting smoke, dust, or particles within a closed module, according to various embodiments.
[0014] Figure 10 These are graphs based on various embodiments.
[0015] Figure 11 It is a flowchart of a process according to various embodiments; and.
[0016] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a process according to various embodiments.
[0017] The elements in the figures are shown for simplicity and clarity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the size and / or relative positioning of some elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to aid in understanding the various embodiments of this teaching. Furthermore, common but easily understood elements that are useful or necessary in commercially viable embodiments are generally not depicted to minimize obstruction of observation of these various embodiments of this teaching. Certain actions and / or steps may be described or depicted in a specific sequence of occurrence, and those skilled in the art will understand that such specificity regarding the sequence is not actually necessary. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The following embodiments illustrate a method for early detection and prevention of component failures in a power distribution unit. The probability of failure of electronic components within a power distribution system increases with increasing voltage and current. The method described in this disclosure is advantageous for high-voltage, high-current applications, such as those for aircraft applications. In some embodiments, the system can assist in detecting arcing components that may cause sparks or discharges within an enclosed power distribution unit.
[0019] In some embodiments, the system can assist in detecting smoke, soot, and / or particles that may be caused by component failure or malfunction within an enclosed power distribution unit. Smoke, soot, and / or particles may result in carbon or other particles suspended in the air, which are typically emitted from combusted materials. Furthermore, they may be fine particles with a diameter of less than about 2.5 micrometers and may have a density in the range of about 5-30 micrograms per cubic meter (µg / m³). In some embodiments, the system can also assist in detecting other gases that may be caused by smoldering components, such as certain vapors, carbon dioxide, etc. In some embodiments, a built-in test (BIT) component for a light-based arc fault detection system may be incorporated to perform self-diagnostics on the detection system.
[0020] Low-cost components can be used to enable this early component detection and self-diagnosis within the distribution unit. In turn, this early detection of component failures can help prevent failures of other components, both inside and outside the distribution unit. Therefore, this approach offers a low-cost method for early detection and provides a comparable miniaturized solution for various types of distribution systems.
[0021] The terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary technical meanings that would be given to those skilled in the art as described above, unless otherwise specified herein, or otherwise set forth in a different manner. Unless otherwise specified, the word “or” as used herein should be interpreted as having a distinguishing conjunction rather than a linking conjunction. Unless otherwise specified herein, the terms “coupled,” “fixed,” “attached,” etc., refer both to direct coupling, fixing, or attachment, and to indirect coupling, fixing, or attachment through one or more intermediate components or features.
[0022] Unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. Throughout this specification, references to “an embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “a form,” “form,” “some forms,” “implementation,” “some implementations,” “some applications,” or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. It does not mean that such a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is required in all embodiments of this disclosure.
[0023] As used throughout the specification and claims, approximate language is applied to modify any quantitative expression that may allow for variation without altering its underlying function. Therefore, values modified by one or more terms such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” are not limited to specified precise values. In at least some instances, approximate language may correspond to the precision of the instrument used to measure the value, or the precision of the method or machine used to construct or manufacture the part and / or system. For example, approximate language might refer to within a 10% boundary.
[0024] The terms “electrical component,” “electronic component,” and “electrical and / or electronic component” are generally used interchangeably in this disclosure. It should be understood that any of a variety of different types of electrical and / or electronic components may be used within a power distribution unit. For example, in some forms, these components may include any suitable combination of solid-state power controllers and other controllers, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and other transistors, capacitors, resistors, inductors, etc. These components are well known in the art and do not require further explanation.
[0025] The above and other benefits become clearer after a thorough review and study of the following detailed description. Figure 1 A power distribution unit 101 is shown, which includes electrical and / or electronic components as part of a power distribution system 10. For example, in an aircraft, the power distribution system 10 may use power from one or more sources and distribute that power to one or more loads. The power source may be a primary source, such as a battery or power cell, or it may be the output of another part of the system. The loads may utilize power or may be intermediate stages within the system.
[0026] In some embodiments, the power distribution unit 101 takes the form of a closed module 102 housing electrical and / or electronic components. The power distribution unit 101 may be coupled to a power source 104 via a power input interface 105. The module 102 may also be coupled to and powered to multiple systems or loads 106, such as system A, system B, and system C, via multiple power output interfaces 108. In other words, the power distribution unit 101 may be operatively coupled to the power source 104 and multiple loads 106A, 106B, and 106C. It should be understood that the power distribution system 10 is shown schematically and may include other aspects and components not necessary for understanding the subject matter.
[0027] In some forms, the enclosed module 102 may be a dark and / or sealed unit, with no light from outside the enclosed module 102 entering it. In some forms, the primary light within the enclosed module 102 may be projected by components that intentionally (e.g., a light source) and / or unintentionally (e.g., an arc component) emit light. It is generally envisioned that the enclosed module 102 can typically be formed of any suitable metallic material, but other non-conductive materials may be used.
[0028] Figure 2 Examples of electrical components 110 of a closed module 102 according to some embodiments are shown. In some embodiments, the closed module 102 may further include a circuit board 112, such as a printed circuit board, and some or all of the electrical components 110 may be mounted on one or both sides of the circuit board 112. In some embodiments, as previously described, the electrical components 110 of the closed module 102 may be any of a variety of types of electrical components 110 known in the art.
[0029] It should be understood that the enclosed module 102 may include multiple circuit boards 112 and multiple sets of electrical components 110. In one embodiment, each set of electrical components 110 may be mounted to a corresponding circuit board 112 within the enclosed module 102. As another example, one or more light sources and / or one or more light sensors may be mounted on some or all of the multiple circuit boards 112 within the enclosed module 102. While this disclosure is generally directed to a single circuit board, its teachings and embodiments are also applicable to multiple circuit boards 112.
[0030] Figure 3-6 An example of a component failure detection system (system 100 here) according to some embodiments is shown. In this form, a light sensor 118 in the enclosed module 102 is used to detect light from an arc or spark component, or any other light that may be caused by ignition, and when light is detected, it triggers any of a variety of actions. It is generally envisioned that a low-cost light sensor 118 can be used, resulting in a relatively low overall cost of system 100. By detecting component failures early, the condition can be prevented from spreading to other components in the enclosed module 102 or to the outside of the enclosed module 102.
[0031] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a system 100 according to some embodiments is shown. In some forms, system 100 includes a closed module 102, a light sensor 118, and control circuitry 122. It is generally envisioned that the light sensor 118 in the closed module 102 detects light emitted by electrical components within the closed module 102. In some forms, the light sensor 118 may be mounted on a circuit board 112 within the closed module 102. In some forms, the light sensor 118 is combined with control circuitry 122 to react in response to detecting light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level or detecting certain light activity. The light sensor 118 may take, but is not limited to, the form of any photodiode, photoresistor, phototransistor, or other type of light sensor suitable for use within the closed module 102.
[0032] In some embodiments, the light sensor 118 may continuously monitor the visible background light in the enclosure module 102. In other words, in some forms, the light sensor 118 continuously monitors whether there is light inside the enclosure module 102. In other forms, the light sensor 118 may periodically monitor the interior of the enclosure module 102 at predetermined time intervals and / or frequencies (e.g., per minute).
[0033] Once the light sensor 118 detects light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level or meeting predetermined light activity, the control circuit 122 triggers a predetermined response. In other words, the control circuit 122 is operatively coupled to the light sensor 118 and triggers a predetermined action when the first light sensor detects light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level or detects certain light activity. In one form, the predetermined action may take the form of transmitting an alarm indicating that the first light sensor has detected a predetermined light threshold level or activity. This alarm may be transmitted to… Figure 1 One of the systems shown, such as system A, B, or C. Alternatively or additionally, the alarm may also be transmitted to a centralized location, such as, for example, the cockpit of an aircraft. Furthermore, the alarm can take any of various forms, such as, for example, a visual alarm (e.g., a flashing or steady-state light indicator) and / or an audio alarm (e.g., an alarm at a certain volume and / or frequency). It is generally envisioned that the alarm may then prompt immediate action in response, such as, for example, some form of check on the status of power distribution unit 101 or shutting down power distribution unit 101. In one form, such shutdown can be triggered from the cockpit, for example, via a mechanical switch.
[0034] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the predetermined action can be, for example, an automatic response to stop the supply of power to the power distribution unit 101 by using switch 120. In one form, switch 120 allows power to be delivered to the enclosure module 102 when it is in a first closed position, but does not allow power to be delivered to the enclosure module 102 when it is in a second open position. In other words, when switch 120 is in the closed position, the enclosure module 102 and the electrical components 110 within the enclosure module 102 receive power, while when switch 120 is in the open position, the enclosure module 102 and the electrical components 110 within the enclosure module 102 do not receive power. It is generally contemplated that any of various types of electrical or electronic or other types of switches can be used. It should also be understood that the predetermined action can include combinations of alarms(one or more), switches(one or more), and / or other actions.
[0035] In this configuration, control circuitry 122 is operatively coupled to the light sensor 118 and the switch 120. In this context, the term "control circuitry" broadly refers to any microcontroller, computer, or processor-based device having a processor, memory, and programmable input / output peripherals, either individually or in combination, typically designed to control the operation of other components and devices. It should also be understood to include common accessory devices, including external memory, transceivers for communicating with other components and devices, etc. These architectural options are well known and understood in the art and do not require further description herein. Control circuitry can be configured (e.g., by using corresponding programming, instructions, and algorithms stored in memory, as will be well understood by those skilled in the art) to perform one or more of the steps, actions, and / or functions described herein.
[0036] The control circuitry may include memory and a network interface for accessing one or more wireless networks. The memory may, for example, store non-transitory computer instructions that, when executed, cause the control circuitry to operate as described herein. Furthermore, as is well known in the art, the network interface enables the control circuitry to communicate with other components (both internal and external to system 100). The network interface can communicatively couple the control circuitry to a wireless network, and in any case, other networks may be suitable for these applications. The control circuitry may utilize and / or operate in conjunction with a database. In some forms, the functionality of the control circuitry may be implemented on multiple processor devices, such as communicating with each other over a network.
[0037] Generally, this method is envisioned to detect electrical arcs, sparks, or discharges caused by electrical components within the enclosed module 102. This method utilizes the fact that such electrical discharges emit light within the enclosed module 102. It is generally envisioned that the dark interior of the enclosed module 102 facilitates light detection. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the enclosed module 102 may further include one or more inner surfaces 126 configured to reflect the emitted light, further facilitating light detection by the light sensor 118.
[0038] Control circuitry 122 triggers an action based on the detection of light exceeding a certain light threshold level or the detection of a certain light activity by light sensor 118. Light sensor 118 can detect measured light intensity or light level. System 100 is typically designed to adapt to any of various types of light threshold levels or light activities detected by light sensor 118. These light threshold levels or light activities may include, but are not limited to, detecting light levels exceeding a threshold over any amount of time (e.g., even the shortest measurable moment) or a certain length of time (e.g., a longer time period), detecting light levels exceeding a threshold on average over a certain time period, or detecting a certain rate of change in light levels. In one form, light sensor 118 may be a photodetector triggered once the detected light exceeds a single detection level, and the threshold may be that single detection level. In other forms, light sensor 118 may measure different levels of detected light. It may be set to a minimum detection level for light sensor 118, such as, for example, 50 Lux, or it may be set to a higher level, such as 100-500 Lux, to seek to avoid false positive actions. In one form, detecting such light levels or activities may trigger an alarm.
[0039] In another embodiment, in conjunction with the use of switch 120, control circuitry 122 can trigger switch 120 to the open position when light intensity exceeding a light threshold level is detected by light sensor 118 or when certain light activity is detected. In some examples, control circuitry 122 can trigger switch 120 to the open position when the light detected during measurement exceeds a predetermined light threshold level within any time amount or predetermined length of time. In some embodiments, control circuitry 122 can trigger switch 120 to the open position when the average value of the detected light exceeds a certain light threshold level. In some embodiments, control circuitry 122 of system 100 can trigger switch 120 to the open position when the detected light level or intensity changes faster than a certain threshold rate of change. Generally, it is preferred that control circuitry 122 immediately triggers a predetermined action, such as transmitting an alarm and / or activating the switch, to prevent arcing, sparking, or discharge from spreading to other components in distribution unit 101 or to other systems outside distribution unit 101.
[0040] In some embodiments, the enclosed module 102 of system 100 may further include a light source 124 serving as a built-in test or diagnostic for the light sensor 118, wherein the light source 124 emits, for example, light pulses at periodic time intervals within the enclosed module 102. The light source 124 can test the functionality and operation of the light sensor 118. In some forms, the light source 124 may take the form of any suitable LED and / or laser. It is generally contemplated that a low-cost light source 124 suitable for operation within the enclosed module 102 can be used. In some embodiments, when the light sensor 118 fails to respond to light emitted by the light source 124 for a predetermined length of time, the control circuitry 122 may issue an alarm signal (e.g., an alarm signal to the cockpit of an aircraft). Furthermore, although... Figure 3 A single light sensor 118 and a single light source 124 are shown, but it should be understood that additional light sensors and light sources can be used in the enclosed module 102 to facilitate early detection of component failures.
[0041] Figure 4 Another example of an early detection system 200 according to some embodiments is shown. In this form, the circuit board 212 may be double-sided, for example, it includes a first side 214 and a second side 216. In some examples, the first side 214 and the second side 216 may each mount one or more light sensors 218A, 218B and a corresponding set of electrical components 210A, 210B. For example, in some forms, the first light sensor 218A, one or more electrical components 210A and / or the light source 224A may each be mounted on the first side 214 of the circuit board 212. Furthermore, in some forms, the second light sensor 218B, one or more electrical components 210B and / or the light source 224B may each be mounted on the second side 216 of the circuit board 212. Light from the arc electrical components 210A, 210B on the first side 214 or the second side 216 of the circuit board 212 may be reflected from the corresponding inner surface 226.
[0042] Similar to system 100, it is generally envisioned that each light sensor 218A, 218B can be coupled with control circuitry 222 to trigger a predetermined action. For example, this predetermined action could take the form of transmitting an alarm and / or tripping switch 220 to disable power to the enclosure module 202. Furthermore, in this configuration, it should generally be understood that any alternative, suitable number, type, and / or configuration of components can be used, such as additional light sensors and / or light sources.
[0043] Figure 5An early detection system 300 is shown, in which multiple light sensors can be used to overcome barriers in an enclosed module. In some forms, a circuit board 312 may support a barrier 328, which divides the circuit board 312 into a first region 330 and a second region 332. The barrier 328 can be an intended barrier, such as a wall erected to separate different regions, or it can be a barrier 328 acting as a non-intended barrier, such as simply blocking a structure in a region of the enclosed module 302. In some embodiments, a first light sensor 318A may be mounted in the first region 330 and detect light emitted by electrical components 310 in the first region 330. In some forms, a second light sensor 318B may be mounted in the second region 332 and detect light emitted by electrical components 310 in the second region 322.
[0044] Although Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment includes a first light sensor 318A in a first region 330 and a second light sensor 318B in a second region 332, electrical components 310, and a light source 324. However, it should generally be understood that any alternative suitable number, type, and / or configuration of components can be used. For example, in some forms, one or both regions may include a light source 324, which operates in its region as a built-in test for the corresponding light sensors 318A, 318B. Furthermore, as with previous systems, it is generally envisioned that each light sensor 318A, 318B can operate in conjunction with one or more control circuits 322 to trigger predetermined actions, such as, but not limited to, transmitting an alarm and / or triggering a switch 320 to stop power supply to the enclosure module 302.
[0045] Figure 6 A system 400 is shown that includes a barrier 428 and a double-sided circuit board 412 in a closed module 402. In this configuration, the barrier 428 may be disposed on one side 416, dividing the second side 416 of the circuit board 412 into a first region 430 and a second region 432. In this configuration, side 416 may include a first photosensor 418A disposed in the first region 430 of the second side 416 and a second photosensor 418B disposed in the second region 432 of the second side 416.
[0046] It should be understood that, although Figure 6The illustrated embodiment includes a light sensor 418C, electrical components 410, and a light source 424 on one side 414 of the circuit board 412, and two light sensors 418A, 418B, and a barrier 428 on the other side 416 of the circuit board 412, but any alternative suitable number, type, and / or configuration of components can be used. For example, in some forms, both the first side 414 and the second side 416 of the circuit board 412 may include the barrier 428. Furthermore, as with other systems, it is generally envisioned that each light sensor 418A, 418B, 418C can operate in conjunction with one or more control circuits 422 to trigger an action, such as sending an alarm and / or triggering a switch 420 to disable power to the enclosure module 402.
[0047] Figures 7-10 A second method for early detection and prevention of component failures in enclosed modules is illustrated. In this method, the system seeks early detection of smoke, soot, or particles within the enclosed module, without detecting electrical arcs, sparks, or discharges. As discussed below, this method seeks to detect whether anticipated light emission within the enclosed module is blocked in some way. It should be understood that this second method may include some of the same or similar components described in systems 100, 200, 300, and 400, which are incorporated into this description, but to less than the extent of the differences discussed below. Furthermore, it should be understood that while this second method is generally considered an alternative to the first method, it is also contemplated that they can be combined to perform early detection within enclosed modules.
[0048] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A system 500 for early detection of smoke, soot, and / or particles within a housing, according to some embodiments, is shown. In some forms, system 500 includes a containment module 502, a light sensor 518, control circuitry 522, and a light source 524. The light source 524 in containment module 502 may emit light continuously or at predetermined time intervals (e.g., per minute). In some forms, the light source 524 may be in the form of an LED and / or a laser, although other types of light sources are also suitable. The light sensor 518 in containment module 502 detects the light emitted by the light source 524.
[0049] As used herein, the terms “smoke,” “dust,” and “particles” are generally used interchangeably to refer to materials that may block light emitted by the light sensor 518. Smoke, dust, and / or particles generally refer to a suspension of carbon or other particulate matter within an enclosed module, which may be emitted from burning or smoldering electrical components. Such materials can have a concentration in the range of approximately 5–30 micrograms per cubic meter. For example, in one embodiment, the light sensor 518 may be selected to detect light blocked by a low concentration of particles starting in the range of approximately 5–15 micrograms per cubic meter. In another example, the light sensor 518 may be selected to detect light blocked by a higher concentration of particles starting in the range of approximately 15–30 micrograms per cubic meter.
[0050] In some forms, for example in Figure 2 The light sensor 518 and electrical components shown can be mounted onto a circuit board 512 within a closed module. In some forms, the circuit board can be double-sided, for example, in... Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown in the diagram. In this form, it may include a first side for mounting a first light source, a first light sensor, and a first set of electrical and / or electronic components, and it may include a second opposite side for mounting a second light source, a second light sensor, and a second set of electrical and / or electronic components. Furthermore, it is generally envisioned that the enclosed module 502 may be a power distribution unit having a power input interface and one or more power output interfaces, such as... Figure 1 The output interface 108 is shown. In some forms, the light sensor 518 is combined with the control circuitry 522 to react in response to the detection of light emitted by the light source 524. In this respect, the control circuitry 522 triggers an action when the light from the light source 524 detected by the light sensor 518 is at least partially blocked and decreases below a certain expected light threshold level or light intensity.
[0051] Figure 7 The operation is shown in the absence of a smoke event that could block the light from the light source 524 from being detected by the light sensor 518. Figure 8 A smoke event 503 is shown that at least partially blocks the light detected by the light sensor 518. Once the light sensor 518 detects light that has dropped below a certain light threshold level or intensity, the control circuit 522 triggers a predetermined response, which may be similar to the response indicated above with respect to the first method. In other words, the control circuit 522 is operatively coupled to the light sensor 518 and triggers action when the light sensor 518 detects that the light from the light source 524 has dropped below a certain light threshold level.
[0052] In one embodiment, the predetermined action can take the form of transmitting an alarm indicating a low light level detected by the light sensor 518. This alarm can be transmitted to the system, for example... Figure 1 One of the systems shown, such as system A, B, or C. Alternatively or additionally, this alarm may also be transmitted to a centralized location, such as, for example, the cockpit of an aircraft. Furthermore, the alarm may take any of a variety of forms, such as, for example, a visual alarm and / or an audio alarm. It is generally envisioned that the alarm may then lead to immediate actions in response, such as, for example, some form of check on the status of closed module 502 or closing closed module 502.
[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the predetermined action could be, for example, an automatic response that stops the supply of power to the closed module 502 by using switch 520. In one form, switch 520 allows power to be delivered to the closed module 502 when it is in a first closed position, but does not allow power to be delivered to the closed module 502 when it is in a second open position. In other words, when switch 520 is in the closed position, the closed module 502 and the electrical components within it receive power, while when switch 520 is in the open position, the closed module 502 and the electrical components within it do not receive power.
[0054] Control circuit 522 triggers a predetermined action based on detecting light that has dropped below a expected light threshold level. This threshold level is typically envisioned to be set or determined relative to a baseline light level or intensity measured at light sensor 518 from pulses emitted by light source 524 in enclosed module 502 in the absence of smoke, soot, or particles. When the detected light drops below this baseline light threshold level, it is generally determined that this lower measured light level is likely due to an obstacle such as smoke, soot, or particles.
[0055] Typically, system 500 is envisioned to be adaptable to any of various types of light threshold levels. For example, control circuitry 522 may be triggered when the detected light drops below a predetermined light threshold level momentarily or over a certain period of time, when the average value of the detected light drops below an established light threshold level, or when the detected light level changes by at least a certain minimum rate of change. Regarding the minimum rate of change, for example, in some forms, light sensor 518 may measure at two or more discrete time points and calculate the rate of change. When a slow rate of change, such as 10 Lux / second, is present as measured by light sensor 518, action may be required, while in other forms, action may be required if a higher or more significant rate of change, such as 100 Lux / second, is present. In one form, detecting such a light level may trigger an alarm.
[0056] In another form, in conjunction with the use of switch 520, control circuitry 522 can trigger switch 520 to the open position when a lower light level is detected by light sensor 518. In some examples, control circuitry 522 can trigger switch 520 to the open position when the detected light drops below a predetermined light threshold level at any time or when measured over a predetermined length of time. In some forms, control circuitry 522 can trigger switch 520 to the open position when the average value of the detected light drops below a predetermined light threshold level. In some embodiments, control circuitry 522 of system 500 can trigger switch 520 to the open position when the detected light changes at least at a minimum rate of change. As with the first method mentioned above, it is preferred that control circuitry 522 immediately triggers a predetermined action, such as sending an alarm and / or activating the switch, to prevent the spread of smoke, soot, or other particulate matter to other components within enclosure 502 or to other systems outside enclosure 502.
[0057] In some embodiments, the light source 524 can be used as a diagnostic or built-in test for the light sensor 518. In other words, the light source 524 can test the functionality and operation of the light sensor 518. In some embodiments, when the light sensor 518 fails to respond to light emitted by the light source 524 for a predetermined period of time, the control circuit 522 can issue an alarm signal indicating that the light sensor 518 has malfunctioned.
[0058] Figure 9 An early detection system 600 comprising a plurality of light sources 624 is illustrated according to some embodiments. For example, in some forms, a first light source 624A may be mounted in a first region of a circuit board 612, and a second light source 624B may be mounted in a second region of the circuit board 612. Furthermore, in some forms, the second light source 624B may emit light sequentially relative to the first light source 624A. In some examples, a light sensor 618 may detect the light emitted by each of the first light source 624A and the second light source 624B. As discussed below, the plurality of light sources 624 may be used to triangulate the location of a smoke event 603 within an enclosed module 602.
[0059] In some forms, the control circuit 622 can compare a first light level emitted by the first light source 624A with a predetermined light threshold level associated with the first light source 624A. In some forms, the control circuit 622 can compare a second light level emitted by the second light source 624B with a predetermined light threshold level associated with the second light source 624B. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the control circuit 622 is configured to triangulate the position of smoke, soot, or particles in the enclosure module 602 based on the first light level emitted by the first light source 624A and the second light level emitted by the second light source 624B.
[0060] In some forms, system 600 may include a second light sensor that detects light emitted by each of the first light source 624A and the second light source 624B. Furthermore, in some forms, the control circuitry 622 of system 600 may triangulate the position of smoke, soot, or particles within the enclosed module 602 based on the light received by both the first and second light sensors. It is generally contemplated that system 600 may include any desired number and arrangement of light sensors 618 and light sources 624.
[0061] exist Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, system 600 includes three light sources 624A, 624B, and 624C, each located in a corresponding corner / area on circuit board 612. In the described embodiment, light sensor 618 can detect light emitted by each of the first light source 624A, the second light source 624B, and the third light source 624C. In some forms, each light source 624A, 624B, and 624C can blink or pulse relative to the other light sources in a certain order and be measured relative to an individual baseline or light intensity. In some examples, using multiple light sources 624 and selectively positioning each light source 624 on circuit board 612 allows the location of smoke event 603 to be determined by calculations of control circuitry 622. In this example, as can be seen, smoke event 603 is blocking light emitted by light source 624B but not light emitted by light sources 624A and 624C.
[0062] Figure 10 The graph 700 is shown, and its comparison Figure 9 The system 600 shown illustrates the light intensity of light source 624 over time as measured by light sensor 618. Graph 700 shows the light intensities 724A (first light source 624A), 724B (second light source 624B), and 724C (third light source 624C), as measured by light sensor 618. It also shows a predetermined light threshold level 705 in dashed form. Graph 700 further shows that the measured light intensity 724B of light source 624B drops below the predetermined light threshold level 705, while the measured light intensities 724A and 724C of light sources 624A and 624C remain unaffected and above the threshold. These results indicate that smoke event 603 is blocking light from light source 624B but not from light sources 624A and 624C. This information can be used to determine and triangulate the approximate location of smoke event 603 within the enclosed module 602.
[0063] In some forms, it is envisioned that data can be collected that can be used to investigate a smoke event 603 after it occurs. Data received at one or more light sensors 618 can be recorded and used to determine the possible starting point of the smoke event 603, as well as to determine changes in the volume and density of the smoke. In some forms, light sources 624 are placed at multiple locations throughout the enclosed module 602, allowing control circuitry 622 to triangulate the location of the smoke based on changes in light intensity sensed from each light source 624.
[0064] Figure 11 and Figure 12 It is a flowchart that shows some of the processing steps corresponding to the first and second early detection methods discussed above. Figure 11 A process 800 for detecting electrical component failures or arcing is illustrated according to some embodiments. In one form, the enclosed module is envisioned as a power distribution unit employing high current, high voltage settings (e.g., in aircraft applications). Process 800 may use some or all of the components described above in conjunction with systems 100, 200, 300, and 400.
[0065] In block 802, light emitted within an enclosed module comprising multiple electrical and / or electronic components is detected. It is typically envisioned that this light is detected by a light sensor within the enclosed module, operatively coupled to control circuitry. In block 804, a predetermined action is triggered by control circuitry when a predetermined light level or activity is detected within the enclosed module. The detected light may indicate an electrical arc, spark, or discharge that could signal the action.
[0066] Boxes 806 and 808 illustrate possible actions taken in response to the detection of a predetermined light level or activity in the enclosed module. In box 806, in one form, an alarm is triggered indicating that a predetermined light threshold level or activity has been detected by the light sensor. This alarm may prompt a responsive action. In box 808, a switch coupled to the enclosed module is triggered to prevent the transfer of power to the enclosed module. Furthermore, it is generally contemplated that process 800 may also include additional operations and actions described above in conjunction with systems 100, 200, 300, and 400.
[0067] Figure 12 A process 900 for detecting smoke, soot, or particles in a closed module is illustrated according to some embodiments. In one form, the closed module is envisioned as a power distribution unit employing a high-current, high-voltage setup (e.g., for aircraft applications). Process 900 may use some or all of the components described above in conjunction with systems 500 and 600.
[0068] In block 902, light is emitted within an enclosed module comprising electrical and / or electronic components. It is typically envisioned that the light is emitted continuously or at predetermined time intervals, for example, by an LED or laser. In block 904, the light is detected within the enclosed module. It is typically envisioned that the light is detected by a light sensor within the enclosed module, which is operatively coupled to control circuitry. In block 906, a predetermined action is triggered by control circuitry when the detected light drops below a predetermined light threshold level or intensity. In one form, the predetermined light threshold level may correspond to a baseline level measured when the light sensor is exposed to light from the light emitter. In this form, any deviation from the baseline can trigger the action. In other forms, the threshold may be set at a level below the baseline, for example, 100-500 Lux below the baseline, to seek to avoid false positive actions. This measurement may indicate the presence of smoke, dust, or particles within the enclosed module that obstruct the light sensor and could indicate an action.
[0069] Boxes 908 and 910 illustrate possible actions taken in response to a decrease in emitted light within the enclosed module to below a predetermined light level. In box 908, in one form, an alarm is triggered indicating that emitted light below a predetermined light threshold level has been detected. This alarm may prompt a responsive action. In box 910, a switch coupled to the enclosed module is triggered to prevent the transfer of power to the enclosed module. Furthermore, it is generally contemplated that process 900 may also include additional operations and actions described above in conjunction with systems 500 and 600.
[0070] The above-described method is advantageous for high-voltage, high-current applications (e.g., aerospace applications) involving enclosed modules with electrical components. In some embodiments, the system can help detect arcing components that may cause sparks or discharges within the enclosed module. The system can use a light sensor arranged within the enclosed module at a threshold level for detecting sparks or discharges. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the system can help detect smoke, soot, and / or particles that may be generated by electrical components within the enclosed module. The system can use a light reflector and a light sensor that can be arranged within the enclosed module to detect smoke, soot, and / or particles, instead of using a conventional smoke detector.
[0071] Other aspects of this disclosure are provided for in the subject matter of the following provisions.
[0072] A system for detecting electrical component failures or arcing is provided, the system comprising: a closed module including a plurality of electrical components; a first optical sensor in the closed module, the first optical sensor detecting light emitted within the closed module; and a control circuit operatively coupled to the first optical sensor, the control circuit triggering a predetermined action when light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level is detected by the first optical sensor or when predetermined light activity is detected.
[0073] The system described in the foregoing clause may further include: a switch coupled to the enclosed module, the switch electrically coupling the enclosed module to a power source in a first closed position and electrically decoupling the enclosed module from the power source in a second open position; wherein the control circuitry is operatively coupled to the switch, and the predetermined action includes: triggering the switch to the second open position to electrically decouple the enclosed module from the power source when light exceeding the predetermined light threshold level is detected by the first light sensor or when the predetermined light activity is detected.
[0074] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include the predetermined action including transmitting an alarm indicating that the first optical sensor has detected light exceeding the predetermined light threshold level or detected the predetermined light activity.
[0075] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include a power distribution unit, which includes a power input interface and one or more power output interfaces.
[0076] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include a first light sensor configured to continuously monitor visible background light in the enclosed module.
[0077] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include, wherein the enclosed module includes at least one inner surface that reflects light emitted by electrical components to the first optical sensor.
[0078] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include, wherein the enclosed module includes a circuit board coupled to the first optical sensor and the plurality of electrical components.
[0079] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include the circuit board comprising: a first side coupled to the first optical sensor and a first set of electrical components; and a second side opposite to the first side, the second side being coupled to a second optical sensor and a second set of electrical components.
[0080] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include: a barrier dividing the circuit board into a first region and a second region; a first light sensor mounted in the first region and detecting light emitted by electrical components in the first region; and a second light sensor mounted in the second region and detecting light emitted by electrical components in the second region.
[0081] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses includes a control circuit configured to trigger the predetermined action when the detected light exceeds the predetermined light threshold level for any length of time or when measured for a predetermined length of time.
[0082] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include a control circuit configured to trigger the predetermined action when the average value of the detected light exceeds the predetermined light threshold level.
[0083] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include a control circuit configured to trigger the predetermined action when the detected change in light exceeds a predetermined rate of change.
[0084] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include: a light source that emits light pulses at periodic time intervals within the enclosed module to test the functionality and operation of the first optical sensor.
[0085] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include a control circuit configured to issue an alarm signal when the first light sensor fails to respond to light emitted by the light source for any length of time or for a predetermined length of time.
[0086] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include, wherein the light source includes an LED or a laser.
[0087] A method for detecting electrical component faults or arcing is also provided, the method comprising: receiving a light-corresponding signal by a control circuit, the light being detected by a light sensor within an enclosed module comprising a plurality of electrical components; and triggering a predetermined action by the control circuit when light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level is detected or when predetermined light activity is detected in the enclosed module.
[0088] The method described in the foregoing clause may further include, wherein the predetermined action includes triggering a switch coupled to the enclosed module to a second open position to prevent power from being delivered to the enclosed module when light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level is detected by the first light sensor or when predetermined light activity is detected, the switch having a first closed position and a second open position, the switch allowing power to be delivered to the enclosed module in the first closed position and disallowing power delivery in the second open position.
[0089] One or more of the methods in the foregoing clauses may further include the predetermined action including transmitting an alarm indicating that the first optical sensor has detected light exceeding the predetermined light threshold level or detected the predetermined light activity.
[0090] One or more of the methods in the foregoing clauses may further include the control circuit being configured to trigger the predetermined action when the detected light exceeds the predetermined light threshold level for any length of time or when measured for a predetermined length of time.
[0091] The system of one or more of the foregoing clauses may further include: emitting light pulses at periodic time intervals from a light source within the enclosed module to test the functionality and operation of the optical sensor.
[0092] It should be understood that, within the principles and scope of the appended claims, those skilled in the art can make various changes to the details, materials, and arrangements of the parts and components described and illustrated herein that are used to interpret the nature of this disclosure. Furthermore, while various features have been described with respect to specific embodiments, it should be understood that features described for one embodiment may also be combined with other described embodiments.
Claims
1. A system for detecting faults or arcs in electrical components, the system comprising: An enclosed module comprising multiple electrical components; The first optical sensor in the enclosed module detects light emitted from within the enclosed module. as well as A control circuit operatively coupled to the first optical sensor triggers a predetermined action when the first optical sensor detects light exceeding a predetermined light threshold level or detects predetermined light activity.
2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: A switch coupled to the enclosed module, wherein the switch electrically couples the enclosed module to a power source in a first closed position and electrically decouples the enclosed module from the power source in a second open position; The control circuit is operably coupled to the switch, and the predetermined action includes triggering the switch to the second open position when the first light sensor detects light exceeding the predetermined light threshold level or detects the predetermined light activity, so as to electrically decouple the closed module from the power supply.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The predetermined action includes transmitting an alarm, which indicates that the first optical sensor has detected light exceeding the predetermined light threshold level or detected the predetermined light activity.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The enclosed module includes a power distribution unit, which includes a power input interface and one or more power output interfaces.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The first light sensor is configured to continuously monitor the visible background light in the enclosed module.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The enclosed module includes at least one inner surface that reflects light emitted by electrical components to the first optical sensor.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The enclosed module also includes a circuit board coupled to the first optical sensor and the plurality of electrical components.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The circuit board also includes: On the first side, coupled to the first optical sensor and the first set of electrical components; and The second side, opposite to the first side, is coupled to a second optical sensor and a second set of electrical components.
9. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The barrier divides the circuit board into a first region and a second region; The first light sensor is installed in the first region and detects light emitted by electrical components in the first region; and A second light sensor is installed in the second area and detects light emitted by electrical components in the second area.
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The control circuit is configured to trigger the predetermined action when the detected light exceeds the predetermined light threshold level for any length of time or when it is measured for a predetermined length of time.