A lightning pulse front edge dynamic repair system and method based on front edge interval energy compensation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility and environmental test, and particularly discloses a lightning pulse front dynamic repair system and method based on front interval energy compensation, which comprises a main control device, a lightning pulse generator, a test tool and a waveform collector. The main control device controls the lightning pulse generator to output a standard lightning pulse, and the standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the test tool to output an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The main control device determines the waveform of an ideal attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform collector collects the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse. The main control device determines compensation parameters according to the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse, and sends the compensation parameters to the test tool. The test tool compensates the front interval energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse according to the compensation parameters, and outputs the compensated lightning pulse to a device under test. The present application can improve the waveform fidelity, automation level and test safety of lightning induction test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic compatibility and environmental testing technology, and more specifically, to a dynamic repair system and method for the leading edge of lightning pulses based on energy compensation in the leading edge region. Background Technology

[0002] In the aerospace field, with the continuous improvement of the integration of airborne electronic equipment and the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment, the requirements for electromagnetic immunity of equipment have significantly increased. Lightning-induced transient sensitivity testing, as one of the key electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests in civil aircraft airworthiness certification, is used to evaluate the functional stability and structural reliability of equipment under the influence of lightning transient electromagnetic fields, and is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of avionics systems.

[0003] Lightning pulses are typically characterized by high amplitude, steep rising edges, and wide spectral distribution. Their extremely fast rise time and steep slope are particularly notable features. Under ideal conditions, a test system should be able to accurately reproduce the waveform characteristics specified in the standard at the port of the device under test (DUT). However, in actual testing, the DUT port often exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics. Its impedance dynamically changes with voltage, current, and frequency, accompanied by parasitic capacitance and inductance effects. This causes the energy in the rising edge region of the pulse to attenuate during transmission and injection, resulting in a slower rise time and waveform distortion, causing the actual injected waveform to deviate from the standard requirements.

[0004] Existing lightning pulse testing systems mostly employ open-loop control based on preset parameters to output fixed waveforms, lacking the ability to detect and analyze the transient characteristics of the actual waveform at the injection end in real time, especially struggling to effectively characterize energy changes and time shifts in the leading edge region. Furthermore, current technologies primarily rely on amplitude adjustment or empirical compensation methods for waveform correction, lacking a fundamental hardware mechanism capable of rapidly compensating for energy losses in the leading edge region within extremely short timescales. This makes it difficult to effectively recover the characteristics of the pulse leading edge, thus affecting the accuracy and consistency of test results.

[0005] Furthermore, existing testing procedures have a low degree of automation in tolerance testing or threshold verification. They typically rely on manual adjustment of injection levels or attenuation parameters step by step, which not only results in low testing efficiency but also makes it easy for abnormal overvoltages to occur due to impedance mismatch or transient overshoot during the adjustment process, potentially damaging the device under test and reducing the safety and repeatability of the test.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a closed-loop control system that can perceive and calculate the distortion characteristics of the injected waveform in real time, and realize dynamic compensation and time alignment of the energy in the leading edge range at the underlying hardware level, while having automatic adjustment capabilities, so as to achieve high-fidelity restoration of lightning pulse waveforms under complex load conditions, thereby improving test accuracy and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system and method based on leading edge interval energy compensation, so as to solve the problems of leading edge interval energy loss, leading edge distortion, time offset and low degree of automation in the existing lightning pulse test system under complex load conditions.

[0008] As a first aspect of the present invention, a lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation is provided. The lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation includes: a main control device, a microprocessor, a lightning pulse generator, a test fixture, and a waveform acquisition device. The main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the waveform acquisition device, and the microprocessor respectively. The test fixture is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the microprocessor, and the waveform acquisition device respectively. The test fixture is also connected to an external device under test to output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test. The main control device is used to receive externally input standard transmission parameters, control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture according to the standard transmission parameters, and determine the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the preset test requirements and the standard transmission parameters; wherein, the standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the test fixture and then outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The waveform acquisition device is used to acquire the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in real time; The main control device is used to determine the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters based on the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse, and to send the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters to the test fixture through the microprocessor; The test fixture is used to compensate for the energy loss of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the leading edge region energy compensation parameter, and output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test.

[0009] Furthermore, the test fixture includes an attenuation unit, a first delay unit, a pulse compensation unit, and a multi-port amplification unit connected in sequence. The lightning pulse generator and the microprocessor are both connected to the attenuation unit. The waveform acquisition unit is connected between the attenuation unit and the first delay unit. The microprocessor is connected to the pulse compensation unit. The multi-port amplification unit is connected to the device under test. The lightning pulse generator is used to output the standard lightning pulse to the input terminal of the attenuation unit; The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor then sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. After the attenuation unit adjusts the attenuation according to the attenuation unit adjustment parameters, the main control device will forcibly suspend and execute a preset time dead zone delay, during which all standard transmission parameters are intercepted. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse based on the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters; The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit and then output as an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. The first delay unit is used to delay the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The pulse compensation unit is used to release a compensation lightning pulse according to the leading edge interval energy compensation parameter issued by the microprocessor when it receives the delayed actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge interval according to the compensation lightning pulse, so as to output the compensated lightning pulse. The multi-port amplifier unit is used to power divide and amplify the compensated lightning pulse and output it to the device under test.

[0010] Furthermore, the main control device internally runs a host computer control program, including a human-machine interface module, a communication scheduling module, and a waveform feature intelligent calculation module; The human-machine interface module is used to receive user operating condition configuration parameters and to visualize the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the energy compensation parameters of the leading edge range in real time. The user operating condition configuration parameters include standard transmission parameters, waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters, attenuation unit adjustment parameters, and switch control parameters. The human-machine interface module sends the standard transmission parameters and waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters to the lightning pulse generator via the communication scheduling module. The human-machine interface module sends the switch control parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the pulse compensation unit. The human-machine interface module sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the attenuation unit. The standard waveform generation parameters are used to control the lightning pulse generator to generate the standard lightning pulse; the waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters are used to drive the lightning pulse generator to increase the output amplitude based on the parameters of the standard lightning pulse waveform. The waveform feature intelligent calculation module is used to compare the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, rise edge slope decay, and leading edge energy loss between the waveforms of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse and the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to generate corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters; wherein, the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters constitute the leading edge energy compensation parameters; The waveform feature intelligent calculation module sends the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters to the microprocessor through the communication scheduling module, and then the microprocessor sends them to the pulse compensation unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the attenuation unit includes multiple double-pole double-throw switches and corresponding multiple sets of attenuation networks, each set of attenuation networks adopting a π-type resistor network; the attenuation unit adjustment parameter is used to control the operating state of the multiple double-pole double-throw switches, and the above-mentioned multiple sets of attenuation networks are cascaded to realize automatic attenuation of the injected standard lightning pulse.

[0012] Furthermore, the pulse compensation unit includes a switch control module, a directional coupler, a second delay unit, a filter, a comparator, a delay unit, a drive circuit, a pulse generator, a digital-to-analog converter, a digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit, and a combiner. One end of the switch control module and one end of the directional coupler are both connected to the output of the first delay unit. The other end of the switch control module is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The other end of the directional coupler is connected to one end of the second delay unit and one end of the filter, respectively. The other end of the second delay unit is connected to the input of the combiner. The other end of the filter is connected to the input of the combiner in sequence through the comparator, the delay unit, the drive circuit, and the pulse generator. The output of the combiner is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The switch control module, the digital-to-analog converter, the delay unit, and the digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit are all connected to the microprocessor. The comparator is also connected to the digital-to-analog converter unit; the digital-to-analog converter unit is used to receive the parsed threshold configuration control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the threshold configuration control parameters into a controlled DC reference voltage, and output the DC reference voltage to the inverting input terminal of the comparator. The pulse generator is connected to the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit; the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit is used to receive the parsed bias voltage control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the bias voltage control parameters into a controlled static high-voltage DC bias, and output the static high-voltage DC bias to the pulse generator; The path containing the switch control module is called the physical bypass; the path through the directional coupler is called the feedforward compensation link; the switch control module consists of an electronically controlled RF switch, and the switch control parameters are used to control the operating state of the electronically controlled RF switch to switch between the physical bypass and the feedforward compensation link; when switching to the physical bypass, the pulse compensation unit does not compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region, and directly outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse to the multi-port amplifier unit; when switching to the feedforward compensation link, the directional coupler is used to receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The directional coupler is used to extract a first component lightning pulse and a second component lightning pulse from the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and send the first component lightning pulse into the filter and the second component lightning pulse into the second delay unit; The second delayer is used to delay the second component lightning pulse and output the delayed second component lightning pulse to the input terminal of the combiner; The filter is used to perform leading-edge trigger feature enhancement processing on the first component lightning pulse, suppress noise interference, and output a leading-edge feature signal that can characterize the arrival state of the leading edge of the first component lightning pulse. The non-inverting input of the comparator receives the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse output from the filter, and its inverting input receives the DC reference voltage provided by the digital-to-analog converter. The comparator is used to compare the two-terminal levels in real time. When the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse crosses the DC reference voltage, it determines that the leading edge of the second component lightning pulse has reached the preset compensation trigger position, and instantaneously outputs a logic trigger level to the delay unit. The delay unit is used to delay the logic trigger level output by the comparator according to the parsed delay compensation control parameters issued by the microprocessor, so as to ensure that the subsequently generated compensated lightning pulse and the delayed second component lightning pulse are time-domain aligned at the combiner. The driving circuit is used to convert the low voltage level output by the delay unit into a high voltage level; The pulse generator is activated when it receives a high voltage level output from the drive circuit. After avalanche breakdown, the pulse generator rapidly releases the voltage potential energy controlled by the static high voltage DC bias in the form of a transient current with an extremely fast rising edge, thereby generating the compensation lightning pulse, and then outputs the compensation lightning pulse to the input terminal of the combiner. The combiner is used to physically superimpose the compensated lightning pulse with the delayed second component lightning pulse to compensate for the energy lost by the second component lightning pulse in the leading edge region.

[0013] Furthermore, the pulse generator includes a bias adjustment interface, a high-voltage energy storage subunit, a fast triggering subunit, an avalanche release subunit, and an output shaping subunit connected in sequence; The bias adjustment interface is used to receive the static high-voltage DC bias output by the CNC high-voltage bias adjustment unit in order to adjust the energy of the compensated lightning pulse; The high-voltage energy storage subunit is used to change the internal voltage potential energy according to the static high-voltage DC bias in order to pre-store the compensation lightning pulse to be released later. When the fast trigger subunit receives the high voltage level output by the drive circuit, it triggers the avalanche release subunit to release the pre-stored compensation lightning pulse. The output shaping subunit is used to output the compensated lightning pulse to the combiner.

[0014] Furthermore, the multi-port amplifier unit includes a power divider and an amplifier. The power divider is composed of a star resistor network and is used to distribute the compensated lightning pulse to multiple amplifiers in an impedance matching manner. After being amplified by their respective amplifiers, the pulses are output to multiple ports under test of the device under test.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a network switch, an oscilloscope, and a power supply device. The main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, waveform acquisition device, and oscilloscope respectively through the network switch. The oscilloscope is also connected to the device under test. The oscilloscope is used to acquire the working status of the device under test and to display it in real time through the human-machine interface module. The power supply device is used to supply power to the lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system based on leading edge interval energy compensation.

[0016] Furthermore, the main control device is connected to the network switch via a Cat5 network cable, and the network switch is connected to the lightning pulse generator, oscilloscope, and waveform acquisition device via the same Cat5 network cable; the main control device is connected to the microprocessor via an RS232 serial port cable.

[0017] As a second aspect of the present invention, a method for dynamic repair of lightning pulse leading edges based on energy compensation in the leading edge region is provided, comprising: Step S1: Send standard transmission parameters to the lightning pulse generator through the main control device to control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture; Step S2: The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit in the test fixture to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters. Step S3: The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit in the test fixture and then outputs an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. Step S4: The main control device compares the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, the rise edge slope decay, and the energy loss in the leading edge interval, and generates the corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters. Step S5: The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are sent from the main control device to the pulse compensation unit in the test fixture via the microprocessor, so that the pulse compensation unit is in the compensation working state. Step S6: Receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit through the pulse compensation unit, and compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters and bias voltage control parameters, and output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test; Step S7: The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse at the injection end is continuously acquired by the waveform acquisition device. The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are updated by the main control device according to the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse acquired again. Steps S5 and S6 are repeated to form a closed-loop dynamic repair process.

[0018] The lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system based on leading edge interval energy compensation provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention constructs a closed-loop control mechanism based on waveform feature calculation to achieve real-time detection and dynamic adjustment of the rising edge slope and time offset of the actual waveform at the injection end, significantly improving waveform control accuracy under complex load conditions; a controlled transient energy release mechanism is introduced at the underlying hardware level to quantitatively compensate for the energy loss in the leading edge interval of the second component lightning pulse by compensating the lightning pulse, effectively restoring the pulse leading edge characteristics and achieving high-fidelity waveform reconstruction; through the coordinated design of delay control and triggering mechanisms, precise time-domain alignment of the compensation lightning pulse and the second component lightning pulse is achieved, avoiding secondary distortion caused by compensation misalignment and improving the stability and consistency of waveform reconstruction; integrated automatic operation of waveform detection, compensation control, and parameter adjustment is realized, reducing manual intervention, improving testing efficiency, reducing the risk of abnormal overvoltage, and improving testing safety and repeatability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0020] Figure 1 The diagram shows waveforms 3, 4, and 5A / 5B of the lightning pulse from the DO-160G.

[0021] Figure 2 The present invention provides an overall structural topology diagram of a lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation.

[0022] Figure 3Functional diagram of the internal modules of the main control device provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 The topology diagram of the internal π-type resistor network and double-pole double-throw switch control of the attenuation unit provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the pulse compensation unit provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a microprocessor connection diagram provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the pulse generator in the pulse compensation unit provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is an internal structural diagram of the multi-port amplifier unit provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 The flowchart illustrates a dynamic repair method for the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation in the leading edge region, as provided by this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system and method based on leading-edge interval energy compensation proposed according to the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of the invention described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0031] In the safety assessment of complex electronic equipment such as those used in aerospace and other fields, lightning sensing testing is an indispensable step. Due to the complex impedance characteristics of the ports of the devices under test, standard lightning pulse injection is prone to energy loss and waveform distortion in the leading edge region. Furthermore, existing manual adjustment methods are inefficient and pose safety hazards.

[0032] This embodiment provides a dynamic repair system for the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation in the leading edge region, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge energy compensation includes: a main control device, a microprocessor, a lightning pulse generator, a test fixture, and a waveform acquisition device; the main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the waveform acquisition device, and the microprocessor respectively; the test fixture is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the microprocessor, and the waveform acquisition device respectively; the test fixture is also connected to an external device under test to output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test; The main control device is used to receive externally input standard transmission parameters, control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture according to the standard transmission parameters, and determine the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the preset test requirements and the standard transmission parameters; wherein, the standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the test fixture and then outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The waveform acquisition device is used to acquire the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in real time; The main control device is used to determine the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters based on the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse, and to send the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters to the test fixture through the microprocessor; The test fixture is used to compensate for the energy loss of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the leading edge region energy compensation parameter, and output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test.

[0033] It should be noted that the above compensation process can be repeated as standard lightning pulses are repeatedly emitted, thus forming a closed-loop dynamic repair mechanism for multiple test injection processes.

[0034] By improving the rising edge characteristics of lightning pulses under complex load conditions through the above mechanism, the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse is made closer to the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse, thereby achieving dynamic repair of the rising edge characteristics.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the standard lightning pulse waveform can be set with reference to the typical waveform parameters specified in the lightning induction transient sensitivity test of RTCA / DO-160. For example... Figure 1As shown, the standard lightning pulse waveform includes waveforms 3, 4, and 5A / 5B; Figure 1 The waveform on the left is waveform 3. Figure 1 The intermediate waveform is waveform 4. Figure 1 The waveforms on the right are waveforms 5A and 5B; wherein, waveform 3 is a damped sinusoidal oscillating pulse waveform with a frequency of 1 MHz ± 20%; waveform 4 is a single exponentially decaying voltage pulse waveform with a leading edge time T1 of 6.4 μs ± 20% and a half-peak time T2 of 69 μs ± 20%; waveform 5A is a single exponentially decaying pulse waveform with a leading edge time T1 of 40 μs ± 20% and a half-peak time T2 of 120 μs ± 20%; and waveform 5B is a single exponentially decaying pulse waveform with a leading edge time T1 of 50 μs ± 20% and a half-peak time T2 of 500 μs ± 20%.

[0036] Preferably, such as Figure 2 As shown, the entire test fixture should undergo strict impedance matching; the test fixture includes an attenuation unit, a first delay unit, a pulse compensation unit, and a multi-port amplification unit connected in sequence. The lightning pulse generator and the microprocessor are both connected to the attenuation unit. The waveform acquisition unit is connected between the attenuation unit and the first delay unit. The microprocessor is connected to the pulse compensation unit. The multi-port amplification unit is connected to the device under test. The lightning pulse generator is used to output the standard lightning pulse to the input terminal of the attenuation unit; The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor then sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. After the attenuation unit adjusts the attenuation according to the attenuation unit adjustment parameters, the main control device will forcibly suspend and execute a preset time dead zone delay, during which all standard transmission parameters are intercepted. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse based on the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters; The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit and then output as an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. The first delayer is used to delay the actual attenuated lightning pulse, providing a processing time window for waveform feature extraction, error calculation, and compensation parameter distribution. The first delayer is an impedance-matched transmission line structure with a fixed physical length, used to delay the actual attenuated lightning pulse, so that the waveform feature intelligent calculation module of the main control device can accurately calculate the extracted waveform features and generate the leading-edge interval energy compensation parameters for controlling the pulse compensation unit, reserving a calculation time window for the main control device.

[0037] The pulse compensation unit is used to release a compensation lightning pulse according to the leading edge interval energy compensation parameter issued by the microprocessor when it receives the delayed actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge interval according to the compensation lightning pulse, so as to output the compensated lightning pulse. The multi-port amplifier unit is used to power divide and amplify the compensated lightning pulse and output it to the device under test.

[0038] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main control device has a host computer control program running inside, which includes a human-machine interface module, a communication scheduling module, and a waveform feature intelligent calculation module. The human-machine interface module is used to receive user operating condition configuration parameters and to visualize the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the energy compensation parameters of the leading edge range in real time. The user operating condition configuration parameters include standard transmission parameters, waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters, attenuation unit adjustment parameters, and switch control parameters. The human-machine interface module sends the standard transmission parameters and waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters to the lightning pulse generator via the communication scheduling module. The human-machine interface module sends the switch control parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the pulse compensation unit. The human-machine interface module sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the attenuation unit. The standard waveform generation parameters are used to control the lightning pulse generator to generate the standard lightning pulse, which serves as the excitation source for the entire test link. The waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters are used to drive the lightning pulse generator to gradually increase the output amplitude in millivolt (mV) increments based on the parameters of the standard lightning pulse waveform, thereby achieving precise step control of the injected energy. The waveform feature intelligent calculation module is used to compare the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, rise edge slope decay, and leading edge energy loss between the waveforms of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse and the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to generate corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters; wherein, the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters constitute the leading edge energy compensation parameters; The waveform feature intelligent calculation module sends the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters to the microprocessor through the communication scheduling module. After being parsed by the microprocessor, the parameters are sent down to the pulse compensation unit.

[0039] Preferably, such as Figure 4 As shown, the attenuation unit includes multiple double-pole double-throw switches and corresponding multiple sets of attenuation networks, each set of attenuation networks adopting a π-type resistor network; the attenuation unit adjustment parameter is used to control the operating state of the multiple double-pole double-throw switches, and the above-mentioned multiple sets of attenuation networks are cascaded to realize the automatic adjustment and attenuation of the injected standard lightning pulse by the attenuation unit.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the attenuation unit includes four double-pole double-throw switches and four sets of Π-type resistor networks corresponding to 1dB, 2dB, 4dB, and 8dB respectively. By controlling the operating state of the double-pole double-throw switches, the four sets of Π-type resistor networks are cascaded to achieve progressive attenuation in 1dB steps within the range of 0dB to 15dB.

[0041] Preferably, such as Figure 5-6As shown, the pulse compensation unit includes a switch control module, a directional coupler, a second delay unit, a filter, a comparator, a delay unit, a drive circuit, a pulse generator, a digital-to-analog converter, a digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit, and a combiner. One end of the switch control module and one end of the directional coupler are both connected to the output of the first delay unit. The other end of the switch control module is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The other end of the directional coupler is connected to one end of the second delay unit and one end of the filter, respectively. The other end of the second delay unit is connected to the input of the combiner. The other end of the filter is connected to... The comparator, delay unit, drive circuit, and pulse generator are connected to the input terminal of the combiner, and the output terminal of the combiner is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The switch control module, digital-to-analog converter, delay unit, and digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit are all connected to the microprocessor. The digital-to-analog converter's digital communication interface is connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor receives threshold configuration control parameters, delay compensation control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters from the main control device, and controls the digital-to-analog converter, delay unit, and digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit respectively, so that the pulse compensation unit is in the compensation working state.

[0042] The comparator is also connected to the digital-to-analog converter unit; the digital-to-analog converter unit is used to receive the parsed threshold configuration control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the threshold configuration control parameters into a controlled DC reference voltage, and output the DC reference voltage to the inverting input terminal of the comparator. The pulse generator is connected to the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit; the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit is used to receive the parsed bias voltage control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the bias voltage control parameters into a controlled static high-voltage DC bias, and output the static high-voltage DC bias to the pulse generator; The path containing the switch control module is called the physical bypass; the path through the directional coupler is called the feedforward compensation link; the switch control module consists of an electronically controlled RF switch, and the switch control parameters are used to control the operating state of the electronically controlled RF switch to switch between the physical bypass and the feedforward compensation link; when switching to the physical bypass, the pulse compensation unit does not compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region, and directly outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse to the multi-port amplifier unit; when switching to the feedforward compensation link, the directional coupler is used to receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The directional coupler is used to extract a first component lightning pulse and a second component lightning pulse from the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and send the first component lightning pulse into the filter and the second component lightning pulse into the second delay unit; The second delayer is used to delay the second component lightning pulse and output the delayed second component lightning pulse to the input of the combiner. The second delayer is also an impedance-matched transmission line structure with a fixed physical length, used to provide a fixed macroscopic lag time for the second component lightning pulse by utilizing the physical propagation delay of electromagnetic waves in a specific medium. This macroscopic lag time is physically configured to be greater than or equal to the sum of the inherent signal processing and logic switching times of all electronic components in the trigger control branch, thereby providing a time-domain hardware window for the generation of the compensated lightning pulse and subsequent physical merging, and aligning the compensated lightning pulse and the delayed second component lightning pulse in the time domain. The filter is used to perform leading-edge trigger feature enhancement processing on the first component lightning pulse, suppress noise interference, and output a leading-edge feature signal that can characterize the arrival state of the leading edge of the first component lightning pulse, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of the subsequent comparator to the leading-edge interval. The comparator employs a dual-ended comparator topology. Its non-inverting input receives the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse output from the filter, and its inverting input receives the DC reference voltage provided by the digital-to-analog converter unit. The comparator is used to compare the dual-ended levels in real time. When the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse crosses the DC reference voltage, it determines that the leading edge of the second component lightning pulse has reached a preset compensation trigger position, and instantaneously outputs a logic trigger level to the delay unit. The delay unit is used to delay the logic trigger level output by the comparator (with a slight time shift adjustment) according to the parsed delay compensation control parameters issued by the microprocessor, to ensure that the subsequently generated compensated lightning pulse and the delayed second component lightning pulse are accurately aligned in the time domain at the combiner. The delay compensation control parameters are determined by the main control device based on factors such as time offset, the physical lag time provided by the second delay unit for the second component lightning pulse, the inherent processing time of electronic components in each branch, and the transmission delay required for the compensated lightning pulse to travel from the pulse generator output to the combiner input. By calibrating and calculating the delay compensation control parameters, the compensated lightning pulse can achieve time domain alignment with the leading edge of the delayed second component lightning pulse at the combiner. The driving circuit is used to convert the low voltage level output by the delay unit into a high voltage level, ensuring that the trigger signal has sufficient absolute strength to activate the pulse generator in the subsequent stage. The pulse generator is a high-speed pulse trigger, which is activated when the high voltage level output by the drive circuit is received. After avalanche breakdown, the pulse generator releases the voltage potential energy controlled by the static high voltage DC bias in the form of a transient current with an extremely fast rising edge, thereby generating the compensation lightning pulse, and then outputs the compensation lightning pulse to the input terminal of the combiner. The combiner is used to physically superimpose the compensated lightning pulse with the delayed second component lightning pulse to compensate for the energy lost by the second component lightning pulse in the leading edge region.

[0043] It should be understood that each time the second component lightning pulse arrives, the pulse compensation unit releases a compensation lightning pulse based on the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters calculated by the main control device, and superimposes it with the second component lightning pulse at the combiner to compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge interval.

[0044] Preferably, such as Figure 7 As shown, the pulse generator includes a bias adjustment interface, a high-voltage energy storage subunit, a fast triggering subunit, an avalanche release subunit, and an output shaping subunit connected in sequence. The bias adjustment interface is used to receive the static high-voltage DC bias output by the CNC high-voltage bias adjustment unit in order to adjust the energy of the compensated lightning pulse; The high-voltage energy storage subunit is used to change the internal voltage potential energy according to the static high-voltage DC bias in order to pre-store the compensation lightning pulse to be released later. When the fast trigger subunit receives the high voltage level output by the drive circuit, it triggers the avalanche release subunit to release the pre-stored compensation lightning pulse. The output shaping subunit is used to output the compensated lightning pulse to the combiner.

[0045] Preferably, such as Figure 8 As shown, the multi-port amplifier unit includes a power divider and amplifiers. The power divider, composed of a star resistor network, distributes the compensated lightning pulse to multiple amplifiers using impedance matching. After amplification by their respective amplifiers, the pulses are output to multiple ports under test (DUT) of the device under test. The gain of the amplification branches is pre-calibrated to maintain consistency. The number of output ports is no less than the number of DUT ports, and all remaining unused ports are forcibly connected to a high-frequency coaxial load to prevent signal reflection. The spacing between each output port is maintained at 20mm to 30mm to facilitate manual cable insertion and removal. All output cables are impedance-matched coaxial cables.

[0046] Preferably, such as Figure 2As shown, it also includes a network switch, an oscilloscope, and a power supply device. The main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, waveform acquisition device, and oscilloscope through the network switch. The oscilloscope is also connected to the device under test. The oscilloscope is used to acquire the working status of the device under test and to display it in real time through the human-machine interface module. The power supply device is used to supply power to the lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system based on leading edge interval energy compensation.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the main control device is connected to the network switch via a Cat5 network cable, and the network switch is connected to the lightning pulse generator, oscilloscope, and waveform acquisition device via the Cat5 network cable respectively; the main control device is connected to the microprocessor via an RS232 serial port cable.

[0048] The lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system based on leading edge interval energy compensation provided by this invention integrates real-time detection of injected waveform, intelligent error calculation, automatic adjustment of attenuation unit, compensation lightning pulse control, pulse combining and feedback parameter update functions, forming an integrated closed-loop control link to dynamically compensate and correct the actual waveform leading edge characteristics at the injection end, thereby improving the waveform fidelity, automation level and test safety of lightning induction testing.

[0049] This invention addresses the need for automated lightning sensing testing by dividing the system into functional components and designing its structure to achieve dynamic waveform compensation and automatic attenuation control under complex load conditions. The relevant functional units in the system can be constructed using electrical and radio frequency devices suitable for high-voltage, high-frequency pulse transmission and control scenarios, including but not limited to directional couplers, radio frequency delay lines, comparators, pulse generation circuits, radio frequency switches, attenuation networks, impedance matching transmission lines, and their connecting line components.

[0050] The working principle of the lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation provided by this invention is as follows: This invention constructs a closed-loop control mechanism based on waveform feature feedback to dynamically repair the waveform distortion generated by lightning pulses under complex load conditions. During the test, the main control device first controls the lightning pulse generator to output a standard lightning pulse, and acquires the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse at the injection end in real time through the waveform acquisition path. Parameters of the leading-edge characteristics of the actual attenuated lightning pulse waveform are extracted, and the time offset, rising edge slope decay, and leading-edge interval energy loss are calculated. The waveform feature calculation module in the main control device calculates the corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters based on these parameters. These control parameters are respectively applied to the delay unit, digital-to-analog conversion unit, and digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit in the pulse compensation unit to achieve precise control of the compensated lightning pulse in terms of time domain position, trigger threshold, and output energy. The pulse compensation unit generates a compensated lightning pulse with an extremely fast rise edge under trigger control. This compensated pulse is then superimposed on the second component lightning pulse through a combining structure. At the physical level, this injects energy into the leading-edge region of the second component lightning pulse to compensate for the energy lost during transmission, thereby restoring the pulse leading-edge characteristics and improving the approximation of the injected waveform to the ideal attenuated lightning pulse. The system continuously monitors the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse at the injected end in real time and dynamically adjusts the compensation parameters based on feedback results, forming a closed-loop iterative optimization process.

[0051] In practical applications, the time offset, rising edge slope decay, energy deficit in the leading edge interval, delay compensation control parameters, bias voltage control parameters, and threshold configuration control parameters can be obtained using equivalent threshold detection, differential differentiation, integral operation, frequency domain analysis, cross-correlation matching, table lookup calibration, or closed-loop iterative correction methods. Any method that can generate compensation control parameters for controlling the digital-to-analog converter unit, delay unit, and CNC high-voltage bias adjustment unit based on the actual attenuated lightning pulse waveform can be considered an implementation of this invention.

[0052] The symbol definitions and calculation formulas below are only used to illustrate one optional implementation of the waveform feature intelligent solution module in this invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0053] Time offset : ; in: This represents the time offset of the leading edge of the actual decaying lightning pulse waveform relative to the waveform of the ideal decaying lightning pulse. This indicates the time it takes for the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to reach its 50% peak value. This represents the time it takes for the waveform of an ideally decaying lightning pulse to reach its 50% peak value. This represents the time difference between the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse at the 50% peak point.

[0054] Rising slope decay : ; ; ; in: This represents the amount of rise slope decay of the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse relative to the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse. The average rising slope of the waveform of an ideally attenuated lightning pulse in the range of 10% peak to 90% peak. This represents the average rising slope of the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse within the range of 10% peak to 90% peak. This represents 90% of the peak voltage of an ideally attenuated lightning pulse waveform. This represents 10% of the peak voltage of an ideally attenuated lightning pulse waveform. This represents 90% of the peak voltage of the actual attenuated lightning pulse waveform; This represents 10% of the peak voltage of the actual attenuated lightning pulse waveform; This represents the time it takes for the waveform of an ideally decaying lightning pulse to rise from 10% peak value to 90% peak value; This indicates the time it takes for the waveform of an actual attenuated lightning pulse to rise from 10% peak value to 90% peak value.

[0055] Energy deficit in the leading edge region : ; in: This represents the energy loss in the leading edge region of the actual decaying lightning pulse waveform relative to the waveform of the ideal decaying lightning pulse. Indicates the start time of the leading edge time window; Indicates the end time of the leading-edge time window; Waveform representing an ideally attenuated lightning pulse Energy within the leading time window; The waveform representing the actual attenuation of the lightning pulse. Energy within the leading time window.

[0056] Delay compensation control parameters : ; in: This indicates the fixed physical delay time provided by the second delay unit for the second component lightning pulse; This indicates the inherent processing delay of the trigger control branch; This indicates the transmission delay required to compensate for the lightning pulse's travel time from the pulse generator output to the combiner input.

[0057] Threshold configuration control parameters : ; ; in: This indicates the position where the slope decays most severely in the leading edge of the actual attenuated lightning pulse waveform; Indicates the start time of the leading edge time window; Indicates the end time of the leading-edge time window; Indicates the first time window within the leading edge time window i At that moment; This indicates the location where the slope decays most severely. The amplitude of the leading-edge characteristic signal at the location; This indicates the trigger correction factor, which is used to enable the comparator to trigger earlier or on time near the target compensation position; This indicates the maximum allowed threshold, used to prevent triggering delays or missed triggers due to excessively high thresholds.

[0058] Bias voltage control parameters : ; in: Indicates the initial bias voltage; This represents the energy storage capacitor at the energy storage terminal of the pulse generator; This represents the compensation energy calibration coefficient, used to correct for losses such as branch transmission loss and combining loss.

[0059] As a second embodiment of the present invention, a method for dynamic repair of the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation of the leading edge interval is also provided, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair method based on leading-edge interval energy compensation includes: Step S1: Send standard transmission parameters to the lightning pulse generator through the main control device to control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture; Step S2: The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit in the test fixture to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters. Step S3: The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit in the test fixture and then outputs an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. Step S4: The main control device compares the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, the rise edge slope decay, and the energy loss in the leading edge interval, and generates the corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters. Step S5: The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are sent from the main control device to the pulse compensation unit in the test fixture via the microprocessor, so that the pulse compensation unit is in the compensation working state. Step S6: Receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit through the pulse compensation unit, and compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters and bias voltage control parameters, and output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test; Step S7: The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse at the injection end is continuously acquired by the waveform acquisition device. The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are updated by the main control device according to the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse acquired again. Steps S5 and S6 are repeated to form a closed-loop dynamic repair process.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic repair system for the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation in the leading edge region, characterized in that, The lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge energy compensation includes: a main control device, a microprocessor, a lightning pulse generator, a test fixture, and a waveform acquisition device; the main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the waveform acquisition device, and the microprocessor respectively; the test fixture is connected to the lightning pulse generator, the microprocessor, and the waveform acquisition device respectively; the test fixture is also connected to an external device under test to output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test. The main control device is used to receive externally input standard transmission parameters, control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture according to the standard transmission parameters, and determine the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the preset test requirements and the standard transmission parameters; wherein, the standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the test fixture and then outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The waveform acquisition device is used to acquire the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in real time; The main control device is used to determine the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters based on the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse, and to send the leading edge interval energy compensation parameters to the test fixture through the microprocessor; The test fixture is used to compensate for the energy loss of the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the leading edge region energy compensation parameter, and to output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test; The test fixture includes an attenuation unit, a first delay unit, a pulse compensation unit, and a multi-port amplification unit connected in sequence. The lightning pulse generator and the microprocessor are both connected to the attenuation unit. The waveform acquisition unit is connected between the attenuation unit and the first delay unit. The microprocessor is connected to the pulse compensation unit. The multi-port amplification unit is connected to the device under test. The lightning pulse generator is used to output the standard lightning pulse to the input terminal of the attenuation unit; The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor then sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. After the attenuation unit adjusts the attenuation according to the attenuation unit adjustment parameters, the main control device will forcibly suspend and execute a preset time dead zone delay, during which all standard transmission parameters are intercepted. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse based on the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters; The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit and then output as an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. The first delay unit is used to delay the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The pulse compensation unit is used to release a compensation lightning pulse according to the leading edge interval energy compensation parameter issued by the microprocessor when it receives the delayed actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge interval according to the compensation lightning pulse, so as to output the compensated lightning pulse. The multi-port amplifier unit is used to divide and amplify the compensated lightning pulse and then output it to the device under test. The main control device has a host computer control program running inside, which includes a human-machine interface module, a communication scheduling module, and a waveform feature intelligent calculation module. The human-machine interface module is used to receive user operating condition configuration parameters and to visualize the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse and the energy compensation parameters of the leading edge range in real time. The user operating condition configuration parameters include standard transmission parameters, waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters, attenuation unit adjustment parameters, and switch control parameters. The human-machine interface module sends the standard transmission parameters and waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters to the lightning pulse generator via the communication scheduling module. The human-machine interface module sends the switch control parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the pulse compensation unit. The human-machine interface module sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor via the communication scheduling module, which then distributes them to the attenuation unit. The standard waveform generation parameters are used to control the lightning pulse generator to generate the standard lightning pulse; the waveform amplitude fine-tuning parameters are used to drive the lightning pulse generator to increase the output amplitude based on the parameters of the standard lightning pulse waveform. The waveform feature intelligent calculation module is used to compare the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, rise edge slope decay, and leading edge energy loss between the waveforms of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse and the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and to generate corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters; wherein, the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters constitute the leading edge energy compensation parameters; The waveform feature intelligent calculation module sends the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters to the microprocessor through the communication scheduling module, and then sends them to the pulse compensation unit through the microprocessor. The pulse compensation unit includes a switch control module, a directional coupler, a second delay unit, a filter, a comparator, a delay unit, a drive circuit, a pulse generator, a digital-to-analog converter, a digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit, and a combiner. One end of the switch control module and one end of the directional coupler are both connected to the output of the first delay unit. The other end of the switch control module is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The other end of the directional coupler is connected to one end of the second delay unit and one end of the filter. The other end of the second delay unit is connected to the input of the combiner. The other end of the filter is connected to the input of the combiner in sequence through the comparator, the delay unit, the drive circuit, and the pulse generator. The output of the combiner is connected to the multi-port amplifier unit. The switch control module, the digital-to-analog converter, the delay unit, and the digitally controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit are all connected to the microprocessor. The comparator is also connected to the digital-to-analog converter unit; the digital-to-analog converter unit is used to receive the parsed threshold configuration control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the threshold configuration control parameters into a controlled DC reference voltage, and output the DC reference voltage to the inverting input terminal of the comparator. The pulse generator is connected to the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit; the numerically controlled high-voltage bias adjustment unit is used to receive the parsed bias voltage control parameters sent by the microprocessor, convert the bias voltage control parameters into a controlled static high-voltage DC bias, and output the static high-voltage DC bias to the pulse generator; The path containing the switch control module is called the physical bypass; the path through the directional coupler is called the feedforward compensation link; the switch control module consists of an electronically controlled RF switch, and the switch control parameters are used to control the operating state of the electronically controlled RF switch to switch between the physical bypass and the feedforward compensation link; when switching to the physical bypass, the pulse compensation unit does not compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region, and directly outputs the actual attenuated lightning pulse to the multi-port amplifier unit; when switching to the feedforward compensation link, the directional coupler is used to receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse; The directional coupler is used to extract a first component lightning pulse and a second component lightning pulse from the actual attenuated lightning pulse, and send the first component lightning pulse into the filter and the second component lightning pulse into the second delay unit; The second delayer is used to delay the second component lightning pulse and output the delayed second component lightning pulse to the input terminal of the combiner; The filter is used to perform leading-edge trigger feature enhancement processing on the first component lightning pulse, suppress noise interference, and output a leading-edge feature signal that can characterize the arrival state of the leading edge of the first component lightning pulse. The non-inverting input of the comparator receives the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse output from the filter, and its inverting input receives the DC reference voltage provided by the digital-to-analog converter unit. The comparator is used to compare the two-terminal levels in real time. When the leading-edge characteristic signal of the first component lightning pulse crosses the DC reference voltage, it determines that the leading edge of the second component lightning pulse has reached the preset compensation trigger position, and instantaneously outputs a logic trigger level to the delay unit. The delay unit is used to delay the logic trigger level output by the comparator according to the parsed delay compensation control parameters issued by the microprocessor, so as to ensure that the subsequently generated compensated lightning pulse and the delayed second component lightning pulse are time-domain aligned at the combiner. The driving circuit is used to convert the low voltage level output by the delay unit into a high voltage level; The pulse generator is activated when it receives a high voltage level output from the drive circuit. After avalanche breakdown, the pulse generator rapidly releases the voltage potential energy controlled by the static high voltage DC bias in the form of a transient current with an extremely fast rising edge, thereby generating the compensation lightning pulse, and then outputs the compensation lightning pulse to the input terminal of the combiner. The combiner is used to physically superimpose the compensated lightning pulse with the delayed second component lightning pulse to compensate for the energy lost by the second component lightning pulse in the leading edge region.

2. The lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge energy compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attenuation unit includes multiple double-pole double-throw switches and corresponding multiple attenuation networks, each attenuation network using a π-type resistor network; the attenuation unit adjustment parameter is used to control the operating state of the multiple double-pole double-throw switches, and the above-mentioned multiple attenuation networks are cascaded to achieve automatic attenuation of the injected standard lightning pulse.

3. The lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse generator includes a bias adjustment interface, a high-voltage energy storage subunit, a fast triggering subunit, an avalanche release subunit, and an output shaping subunit connected in sequence. The bias adjustment interface is used to receive the static high-voltage DC bias output by the CNC high-voltage bias adjustment unit in order to adjust the energy of the compensated lightning pulse; The high-voltage energy storage subunit is used to change the internal voltage potential energy according to the static high-voltage DC bias in order to pre-store the compensation lightning pulse to be released later. When the fast trigger subunit receives the high voltage level output by the drive circuit, it triggers the avalanche release subunit to release the pre-stored compensation lightning pulse. The output shaping subunit is used to output the compensated lightning pulse to the combiner.

4. The lightning pulse leading-edge dynamic repair system based on leading-edge interval energy compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-port amplifier unit includes a power divider and amplifiers. The power divider is composed of a star resistor network and is used to distribute the compensated lightning pulse to multiple amplifiers in an impedance matching manner. After being amplified by their respective amplifiers, the pulses are output to multiple ports under test of the device under test.

5. A dynamic repair system for the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation in the leading edge region according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a network switch, an oscilloscope, and a power supply device. The main control device is connected to the lightning pulse generator, waveform acquisition device, and oscilloscope through the network switch. The oscilloscope is also connected to the device under test. The oscilloscope is used to acquire the working status of the device under test and to display it in real time through the human-machine interface module. The power supply device is used to supply power to the lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair system based on leading edge interval energy compensation.

6. A dynamic repair system for the leading edge of a lightning pulse based on energy compensation in the leading edge region according to claim 5, characterized in that, The main control device is connected to the network switch via a Cat5 network cable, and the network switch is connected to the lightning pulse generator, oscilloscope, and waveform acquisition device via the same Cat5 network cable. The main control device is connected to the microprocessor via an RS232 serial port cable.

7. A method for dynamic repair of lightning pulse leading edges based on leading edge interval energy compensation, applied to the dynamic repair system for lightning pulse leading edges based on leading edge interval energy compensation as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The lightning pulse leading edge dynamic repair method based on leading edge interval energy compensation includes: Step S1: Send standard transmission parameters to the lightning pulse generator through the main control device to control the lightning pulse generator to output standard lightning pulses to the test fixture; Step S2: The main control device sends attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the microprocessor according to preset test requirements. The microprocessor sends the attenuation unit adjustment parameters to the attenuation unit in the test fixture to control the operation state of the double-pole double-throw switch in the attenuation unit, so as to connect to the attenuation network in the attenuation unit and thus form the corresponding total attenuation coefficient. The main control device determines the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse according to the total attenuation coefficient and the standard transmission parameters. Step S3: The standard lightning pulse is attenuated by the attenuation unit in the test fixture and then outputs an actual attenuated lightning pulse. The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit is acquired in real time by the waveform acquisition device and transmitted to the main control device. Step S4: The main control device compares the waveform of the ideal attenuated lightning pulse with the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse to calculate the time offset, the rise edge slope decay, and the energy loss in the leading edge interval, and generates the corresponding delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters. Step S5: The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are sent from the main control device to the pulse compensation unit in the test fixture via the microprocessor, so that the pulse compensation unit is in the compensation working state. Step S6: Receive the actual attenuated lightning pulse output by the attenuation unit through the pulse compensation unit, and compensate for the energy lost by the actual attenuated lightning pulse in the leading edge region according to the delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters and bias voltage control parameters, and output the compensated lightning pulse to the device under test; Step S7: The waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse at the injection end is continuously acquired by the waveform acquisition device. The delay compensation control parameters, threshold configuration control parameters, and bias voltage control parameters are updated by the main control device according to the waveform of the actual attenuated lightning pulse acquired again. Steps S5 and S6 are repeated to form a closed-loop dynamic repair process.

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