Antifogging film, optical lens, and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-fog film, an optical lens and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of electronic device imaging. The anti-fog film comprises a substrate, a multilayer interference layer and a nano columnar structure layer. The multilayer interference layer is arranged on the substrate. The nano columnar structure layer is arranged on the side of the multilayer interference layer away from the substrate. The nano columnar structure layer comprises a plurality of spaced columnar structures. The adjacent columnar structures form a communication gap. The communication gap makes the equivalent refractive index of the nano columnar structure layer lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer, and makes the nano columnar structure layer have hydrophilicity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of imaging technology for electronic devices, specifically relating to an anti-fog film, an optical lens, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic devices with imaging capabilities, such as mobile phones, security cameras, and vehicle cameras, water vapor easily condenses on the inner surface of the lens when exposed to temperature changes or humid environments. This water vapor can cause problems such as reduced lens transmittance, blurred images, and image distortion, thus affecting image quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an anti-fog film, an optical lens, and an electronic device that can solve the problem of water fog inside the optical lens affecting image quality.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an anti-fog film, comprising: a substrate, a multilayer interference layer, and a nanopillar structure layer; the multilayer interference layer is disposed on the substrate; the nanopillar structure layer is disposed on the side of the multilayer interference layer away from the substrate; wherein, the nanopillar structure layer comprises a plurality of spaced-apart pillar structures, and a connecting gap is formed between adjacent pillar structures, the connecting gap making the equivalent refractive index of the nanopillar structure layer lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer, and making the nanopillar structure layer hydrophilic.

[0005] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide an optical lens, including: an anti-fog film as provided in any of the embodiments of the first aspect above.

[0006] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: an optical lens as provided in the embodiments of the second aspect above.

[0007] In this embodiment, the anti-fog film includes a substrate, a multilayer interference layer, and a nanopillar structure layer. The substrate supports the multilayer interference layer, and the nanopillar structure layer is disposed on the side of the multilayer interference layer facing away from the substrate. The nanopillar structure layer is composed of multiple spaced-apart pillar structures, with interconnecting gaps between adjacent pillar structures. Air is filled within these interconnecting gaps. Utilizing the low refractive index of air, the equivalent refractive index of the nanopillar structure layer is reduced, making it lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer. Simultaneously, the interconnecting gaps increase the contact area between the nanopillar structure layer and water vapor, giving the nanopillar structure layer hydrophilicity. Due to this hydrophilicity, water vapor contacting the nanopillar structure layer can spread evenly and form a continuous water film, reducing water vapor accumulation and the formation of water mist. This prevents decreased light transmittance, blurred images, and image distortion, ensuring image quality. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-fog film provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of water contact angle variation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a comparison test diagram of the water contact angle between the anti-fog film and the interference anti-reflection film provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0011] Figure 4 These are scanning electron microscope images of the cross-section of the anti-fog film provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the reflectance spectra of the anti-fog film provided in this application before and after installation;

[0013] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the spectral stability of the antifog film provided in this application embodiment after high temperature and high humidity durability testing;

[0014] Figure 7 A structural block diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the anti-fog film provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1. Electronic device; 10. Optical lens; 100. Anti-fog film; 110. Substrate; 120. Multilayer interference layer; 122. Low refractive index layer; 124. High refractive index layer; 130. Nanopillar structure layer; 132. Columnar structure; 134. Connecting gap. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] The anti-fog film, optical lens, and electronic device provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, this application embodiment provides an anti-fog film 100, including: a substrate 110, a multilayer interference layer 120, and a nanopillar structure layer 130; the multilayer interference layer 120 is disposed on the substrate 110; the nanopillar structure layer 130 is disposed on the side of the multilayer interference layer 120 away from the substrate 110; wherein, the nanopillar structure layer 130 includes a plurality of spaced columnar structures 132, and a connecting gap 134 is formed between adjacent columnar structures 132. The connecting gap 134 makes the equivalent refractive index of the nanopillar structure layer 130 lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer 120, and makes the nanopillar structure layer 130 hydrophilic.

[0021] In this embodiment, the anti-fog film 100 includes a substrate 110, a multilayer interference layer 120, and a nanopillar structure layer 130. The substrate 110 supports the multilayer interference layer 120, and the nanopillar structure layer 130 is disposed on the side of the multilayer interference layer 120 facing away from the substrate 110. The nanopillar structure layer 130 is composed of multiple mutually spaced pillar structures 132, with connecting gaps 134 formed between adjacent pillar structures 132. The connecting gaps 134 are filled with air. Utilizing the low refractive index of air, the effective refractive index of the nanopillar structure layer 130 is reduced, making it lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer 120. Simultaneously, the connecting gaps 134 increase the contact area between the nanopillar structure layer 130 and water vapor, giving the nanopillar structure layer 130 hydrophilicity. Under the effect of hydrophilicity, water vapor that comes into contact with the nano-columnar structure layer 130 can spread evenly and form a continuous water film, reducing the accumulation of water vapor and the formation of water mist, thereby preventing the decrease in light transmittance, blurry imaging, and image distortion, and ensuring imaging quality.

[0022] For example, the diameter of the columnar structure 132 can be from 20 nanometers to 100 nanometers; the spacing between adjacent columnar structures 132 can be from 50 nanometers to 200 nanometers.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the nanopillar structure layer 130 includes at least one of the following features:

[0024] The water contact angle of the surface on the side opposite to the substrate 110 is less than or equal to 10°;

[0025] Made of silicon dioxide;

[0026] Thickness ranges from 30 nanometers to 60 nanometers;

[0027] The equivalent refractive index is 1.2 to 1.4.

[0028] In the above embodiments, the water contact angle of the surface of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130 facing away from the substrate 110 is less than or equal to 10°. The water contact angle reflects the hydrophilicity of the surface of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130. Controlling the water contact angle to be less than or equal to 10° allows the surface of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130 to have good hydrophilic properties. This allows water vapor to quickly spread into a uniform and continuous water film after contacting the surface, preventing the formation of discrete droplets, thereby suppressing water mist formation, stabilizing light transmittance, and avoiding image blurring and image distortion.

[0029] It should be noted that, as Figure 2 As shown, 'a' represents the water contact angle, where a1 is less than 10°, a2 is greater than 10° and less than 90°, a3 is greater than 90° and less than 150°, and a4 is greater than 150°. As the water contact angle increases, the spreadability of water droplets on the surface gradually deteriorates. When the water contact angle is less than 10°, water droplets can spread rapidly on the surface, forming a uniform, continuous water film. However, as the water contact angle increases, the spreading speed of water droplets slows down, making it difficult to form a complete water film, and may even form independent droplets. This application, by setting a nano-columnar structure layer 130, can stably maintain the surface water contact angle within the range of less than 10° corresponding to a1, ensuring that water vapor can quickly diffuse to form a continuous water film after contact, avoiding light scattering, and achieving a stable anti-fogging effect.

[0030] For example, the lens equipped with the anti-fog film 100 of this application underwent a comparative anti-fog performance test in a mobile phone scenario. Before the test, the mobile phone ran high-load tasks (data transfer, fast charging, application download) for 20 minutes, and then was placed in a gradient temperature environment of 25℃, 20℃, and 16℃. The rear main camera recorded 4K video, and the lens was blown with air for 30 seconds. The fogging and dissipation times were observed and recorded. The test results showed that ordinary anti-reflective coating lenses developed noticeable fogging in about 3 minutes at 25℃; while the lens equipped with the anti-fog film 100 of this application did not develop fogging within 30 minutes at any of the test temperatures. The anti-fog effect was significantly better than the comparative sample, effectively suppressing lens fogging problems in real-world usage scenarios. The water contact angle of the anti-fog film 100 in this application is 7°, while the water contact angle of the interference antireflection film in related technologies is 55°. In a simulated fogging test in a whole-machine scenario (test conditions: ambient temperature 20℃ to 30℃, relative humidity 60%RH±15%RH, ≥5 pieces per group of samples; test procedure: running under load for 20 minutes, observing after blowing the lens towards the air outlet of the device for 30 seconds), the interference antireflection film fogged up in 3 minutes at 25℃, while the anti-fog film 100 in this application did not show water fog within 30 minutes. The comparison results are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1. Comparison Results

[0032]

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, L represents left, R represents right, and CA (Contact Angle) represents the water contact angle. The left side shows the water contact angle test results of the interference antireflection film, with a water contact angle of approximately 55° and the water droplet forming a hemispherical shape. The right side shows the water contact angle test results of the anti-fog film 100 of this application, with a water contact angle of approximately 7° and the water droplet spreading rapidly on the surface. The comparison clearly shows that the water contact angle of the anti-fog film 100 of this application is significantly reduced, less than 10°, exhibiting excellent hydrophilicity. This allows water vapor to quickly form a continuous water film upon contact, avoiding light scattering caused by discrete droplets and achieving a stable and long-lasting anti-fog effect.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the nano-columnar structure layer 130 is made of silicon dioxide. Silicon dioxide has stable optical properties and a moderate refractive index, which, when combined with the connecting gaps 134, can stably achieve the target equivalent refractive index. The material surface easily forms hydrophilic groups, which is suitable for the molding requirements of the nano-columnar structure 132. At the same time, it is chemically inert, resistant to high and low temperatures and damp heat aging, and can maintain its hydrophilic properties for a long time, thus extending the service life of the anti-fog film 100.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, in the above embodiment, the thickness of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130 is 30 nanometers to 60 nanometers. Limiting the thickness to the range of 30 nanometers to 60 nanometers ensures that the columnar structure 132 has a regular shape and the interconnecting gaps 134 are evenly distributed, thus stably achieving the target equivalent refractive index and hydrophilic effect. If the thickness is too small, the columnar structure 132 will be incomplete and the hydrophilicity will be insufficient; if the thickness is too large, it will increase optical loss and reduce light transmittance. This thickness range balances structural integrity, hydrophilicity, and optical transmittance.

[0036] Figure 1 The direction indicated by the middle arrow t is the thickness direction of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130.

[0037] For example, the thickness of the nanopillar structure layer 130 is selected to be 45 nanometers, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the figure is a scanning electron microscope image (magnification 200000×, scale bar 500nm) of the cross-section of the anti-fog film 100 in this embodiment of the application, illustrating the layer structure and nanocolumnar morphology of the anti-fog film 100 of this application: Figure 4 In the figure, CS203.8nm represents the overall thickness of the nanocolumnar structure layer 130; CS35.06nm, 41.63nm, 48.20nm, 50.39nm, and 63.54nm represent the diameters of the columnar structures 132 at different locations, showing that the diameters of the columnar structures 132 range from approximately 35.06 nm to 63.54 nm, with regular morphology and uniform spacing; the interfaces of the underlying multilayer interference layers 120 are clear, and the interlayer bonding is tight.

[0038] In the above embodiments, the equivalent refractive index of the nano-columnar structure layer 130 is 1.2 to 1.4. The nano-columnar structure layer 130 is composed of silica and air. By adjusting the porosity of the columnar structure 132, the equivalent refractive index is controlled within the range of 1.2 to 1.4. This makes the equivalent refractive index of the nano-columnar structure layer 130 lower than the refractive indices of each layer of the multilayer interference layer 120, forming a gradually decreasing refractive index gradient. This reduces the reflection loss of light at the film interface and improves light transmittance. At the same time, it matches the morphology of the columnar structure 132 and the connecting gap 134, so that the hydrophilic anti-fog effect and the optical transmission effect are achieved simultaneously.

[0039] For example, the equivalent refractive index of the nanopillar structure layer 130 is 1.31, and the refractive index of silicon dioxide in the multilayer interference layer 120 is 1.44 and the refractive index of titanium dioxide is 2.50, forming a clear refractive index gradient; the reflectivity in the visible light band is less than 0.2%.

[0040] For example, such as Figure 5As shown in the schematic diagram comparing the reflectance spectra of the anti-fog film 100 provided in this application embodiment before and after sample installation, curve A corresponds to the reflectance curve of the periscope aperture after installation, curve B corresponds to the reflectance curve of the wide-angle aperture after installation, curve C corresponds to the reflectance curve of the cover glass (CG) unit before installation, and curve D is the reflectance curve of the anti-fog and anti-reflection film of this application. The test results show that the reflectance of the solution of this application (curve D) is significantly lower than that of other solutions in the visible light band, and the anti-reflection performance is optimal; moreover, the reflectance spectrum of different aperture positions before and after installation changes little, the optical performance is stable, and the consistency is excellent.

[0041] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the spectral stability comparison results of the anti-fog film 100 provided in this application embodiment under high temperature and high humidity durability test are presented. Curve E is the initial reflectance curve before the test, curve F is the reflectance curve after 100 hours of testing, curve G is the reflectance curve after 200 hours of testing, curve H is the reflectance curve after 300 hours of testing, and curve I is the reflectance curve after 400 hours of testing. The test results show that after long-term aging in a high temperature and high humidity environment, the reflectance spectrum of the anti-fog antireflection film of this application changes very little, and the reflectance in the visible light band remains at a low level, demonstrating excellent optical performance stability and good durability.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the multilayer interference layer 120 is composed of alternating stacks of multiple low-refractive-index layers 122 and multiple high-refractive-index layers 124.

[0043] In the above embodiments, the low refractive index layer 122 and the high refractive index layer 124 are stacked alternately, which can utilize the interference effect of light to cause the reflected light to undergo destructive interference, weaken the reflected light and improve the overall light transmittance; at the same time, the alternating structure can disperse the stress of the film layer, reduce the risk of cracking and falling off, and stably support the upper nano-column structure layer 130, thereby improving the overall bonding strength and structural stability of the film system.

[0044] For example, the multilayer interference layer 120 uses silicon dioxide as a low refractive index layer 122 and titanium dioxide as a high refractive index layer 124 to form an alternating silicon dioxide-titanium dioxide stacked structure; after 8 layers are stacked, the reflectivity in the visible light band is less than 0.2%.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the low refractive index layer 122 is made of silicon dioxide, and the high refractive index layer 124 is made of titanium dioxide.

[0046] In the above embodiments, silicon dioxide has the characteristics of low refractive index, good optical uniformity and strong adhesion, which is suitable for the requirements of low refractive index layer 122; titanium dioxide has the characteristics of high refractive index, good optical stability and high hardness, which is suitable for the requirements of high refractive index layer 124; the two have compatible physical and chemical properties, strong interlayer bonding and significant refractive index difference, which can maximize the interference anti-reflection effect.

[0047] For example, the low refractive index layer 122 is made of silicon dioxide and the high refractive index layer 124 is made of titanium dioxide. After being stacked alternately, the reflectivity in the visible light band is less than 0.2%, the interlayer bonding is tight, and it is resistant to damp heat aging.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the layer adjacent to the multilayer interference layer 120 and the nanopillar structure layer 130 is a low refractive index layer 122; the layer adjacent to the multilayer interference layer 120 and the substrate 110 is a high refractive index layer 124.

[0049] In the above embodiment, a high refractive index layer 124 is provided on the side of the multilayer interference layer 120 near the substrate 110, and a low refractive index layer 122 is provided on the side of the nano-columnar structure layer 130. The overall structure is arranged in an orderly manner, and the optical performance is stable. Moreover, this arrangement can form a continuous refractive index transition, effectively reduce interface reflection, improve light transmission, and at the same time make the connection between each film layer smooth, thereby enhancing the overall structural stability.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the low refractive index layer 122 has a refractive index of 1.44 to 1.45, and the high refractive index layer 124 has a refractive index of 2.49 to 2.50.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 122 is limited to 1.44 to 1.45, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 124 is limited to 2.49 to 2.50. The two form a significant refractive index difference, which enables the multilayer interference layer 120 to generate strong destructive interference in the visible light band, achieving an ultra-low reflectivity of less than 0.2%. This parameter range is within the range of mature and controllable processes, with good batch consistency and high yield.

[0052] For example, the low refractive index layer 122 has a refractive index of 1.445, and the high refractive index layer 124 has a refractive index of 2.498.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the total number of low-refractive-index layers 122 and high-refractive-index layers 124 in the multilayer interference layer 120 is 4 to 10 layers.

[0054] In the above embodiments, the total number of layers is limited to the range of 4 to 10 layers, which can make full use of the optical interference effect to optimize optical indicators and achieve ideal anti-reflection effect. Too few layers will result in insufficient interference effect and high reflectivity, while too many layers will accumulate film stress and increase the difficulty of preparation. This range balances optical performance, structural stability and mass production feasibility.

[0055] It is understandable that the total number of layers of the multilayer interference layer 120 and the nanocolumnar structure layer 130 is 5 to 11.

[0056] For example, the multilayer interference layer 120 has 8 layers, including 4 layers of silicon dioxide and 4 layers of titanium dioxide, and has a reflectivity of less than 0.2%.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the total thickness of the antifog film 100 is 150 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

[0058] In the above embodiments, the total thickness of the antifog film 100 is 150 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the total thickness of the anti-fog film 100 is limited to the range of 150 nanometers to 500 nanometers, which can coordinate the thickness ratio of the substrate 110, the multilayer interference layer 120, and the nano-columnar structure layer 130, so as to optimize the optical matching state of the overall film system. If the thickness is too small, the anti-reflection effect of the interference layer will be insufficient and the hydrophilicity of the columnar layer will be unstable. If the thickness is too large, it will easily cause the film layer to crack and fall off, thus adapting to the assembly and use conditions of the optical lens 10.

[0060] For example, the antifog film 100 has a total thickness of 255 nanometers and includes 4 layers of silicon dioxide, 4 layers of titanium dioxide and 1 layer of nano-columnar silicon dioxide.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, the multilayer interference layer 120 includes four silicon dioxide layers and four titanium dioxide layers, with the cumulative thickness of the four silicon dioxide layers being 90 nanometers to 100 nanometers and the cumulative thickness of the four titanium dioxide layers being 115 nanometers to 125 nanometers.

[0062] In the above embodiments, the multilayer interference layer 120 is fixed as four silicon dioxide layers and four titanium dioxide layers, with the cumulative thickness of the silicon dioxide layer limited to 90 nanometers to 100 nanometers and the cumulative thickness of the titanium dioxide layer limited to 115 nanometers to 125 nanometers. This allows for precise control of the interference peak in the visible light band, ensuring that the reflectivity is stably below 0.2%. At the same time, it reduces interlayer stress, improves film density and adhesion, and standardizes parameters to adapt to large-scale production, ensuring consistent optical performance for different products.

[0063] For example, the cumulative thickness of the four silicon dioxide layers is selected as 95 nanometers, the cumulative thickness of the four titanium dioxide layers is selected as 120 nanometers, and combined with the nanocolumnar structure layer 130, the overall film thickness is about 255 nanometers, and the reflectivity is less than 0.2%.

[0064] For example, the anti-fog film 100 provided in this application embodiment has structural design parameters as shown in Table 2:

[0065] Table 2. Design parameters of antifog film

[0066]

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate 110 is a glass substrate.

[0068] In the above embodiments, the glass substrate has the characteristics of excellent light transmittance, high optical uniformity, high hardness, good chemical stability and good surface flatness, which is suitable for the use of the cover plate of the optical lens 10. It can stably support the coating layer and resist the influence of the external environment, ensuring the long-term stability of the overall structure and performance of the anti-fog film 100.

[0069] For example, the substrate 110 is made of optical glass, which is adapted to the lens cover plate and supports the coating stability.

[0070] For example, the lens environmental test water droplet angle test record of the anti-fog film 100 provided in this application embodiment is shown in Table 3:

[0071] Table 3. Lens Environmental Experiment Water Drop Angle Test Record Sheet

[0072]

[0073] This embodiment tests the hydrophilic performance of the anti-fog and anti-reflective coating lens of this application under high temperature and high humidity conditions to verify the long-term stability of its hydrophilic and anti-fog properties. The test object is a lens sample with the hydrophilic anti-reflection (AR) coating of this application coated on the glass substrate surface. The testing equipment is a water contact angle meter, and the test points are taken at the upper and lower points of the lens's central axis to ensure the representativeness of the data. The lower limit of the water contact angle judgment standard is 10°.

[0074] Test results showed that before the experiment, the water contact angles of all three samples were below 10°, with Sample 1 at 4.14° / 3.28°, Sample 2 at 8.08° / 8.90°, and Sample 3 at 9.50° / 3.62°, all exhibiting excellent hydrophilicity. After aging tests in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the water contact angles of the samples increased to some extent, with Sample 1 at 28.25° / 24.95°, Sample 2 at 20.76° / 20.77°, and Sample 3 at 23.15° / 29.49°, but they still maintained good hydrophilic properties. Moreover, all samples passed the appearance inspection, with no coating peeling, cracking, or obvious deterioration.

[0075] The above results show that the anti-fog and anti-reflective film of this application can maintain stable hydrophilicity after long-term aging in high temperature and high humidity environment, and has good durability of anti-fog effect, which can meet the environmental reliability requirements of actual use scenarios.

[0076] like Figure 7 As shown, this application provides an optical lens 10, including an anti-fog film 100 as provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0077] Since the optical lens 10 includes the anti-fog film 100 provided in any of the above embodiments, it possesses all the technical effects of the anti-fog film 100 provided in any of the embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0078] like Figure 7 As shown, this application provides an electronic device 1, including: an optical lens 10 as provided in the above embodiments;

[0079] Since the electronic device 1 includes the optical lens 10 provided in the above embodiments, it possesses all the technical effects of the optical lens 10 provided in any embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0080] like Figure 8 As shown, this application provides a method for preparing an anti-fog film, used to prepare the anti-fog film provided in any of the above embodiments. The preparation method includes:

[0081] S10: Provide a substrate, and use an evaporation coating equipment to form a multilayer interference layer on the surface of the substrate under a first pressure;

[0082] S11: Adjust the evaporation coating equipment to the second gas pressure and introduce a preset flow rate of reaction gas to form a nano-column structure layer on the surface of the multilayer interference layer away from the substrate at a preset evaporation rate; wherein, the first gas pressure is lower than the second gas pressure.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the staged pressure control adapts to the different film preparation requirements; the first pressure is a high vacuum environment, which can reduce the mixing of impurities and reduce scattering loss, and prepare a dense and optically uniform multilayer interference layer; the second pressure is relatively high, which, together with the reactive gas and the preset evaporation rate, can reduce the energy of the vaporized particles, regulate the film growth morphology, and promote the formation of spaced columnar structures and interconnected gaps in the material, forming a nano-columnar structure layer with the target refractive index and hydrophilic properties, precisely meeting the preparation requirements of the two types of film layers.

[0084] For example, the OTFC-1550DBI model is selected as the evaporation coating equipment, which is equipped with an electron gun, ion source and light control system, and can stably prepare qualified anti-fog film.

[0085] In some embodiments of this application, the first air pressure is 1.0 × 10⁻ 5The first pressure is 1.0 × 10⁻³ Pa, and the second pressure is 1.0 × 10⁻² Pa to 1.0 × 10⁻¹ Pa.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the first air pressure is limited to 1.0 × 10⁻ 5 The high vacuum range of 1.0 × 10⁻³ Pa can reduce impurity ingress and ensure the optical accuracy of the interference layer; the second pressure range of 1.0 × 10⁻² Pa to 1.0 × 10⁻¹ Pa can regulate the movement state of the coated particles, promote the growth of columnar structures and form uniform interconnected gaps. The two pressure ranges are clearly defined and the process window is stable.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, the reaction gas is a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a preset flow rate of 100 standard cubic centimeters per minute to 300 standard cubic centimeters per minute.

[0088] In the above embodiments, argon is used as the process carrier gas, which can regulate the movement trajectory of the coated particles, reduce the particle energy, and assist in the formation of columnar structures; oxygen can ensure that silicon dioxide is fully oxidized, the components are pure, and the hydrophilic properties are stable; the preset flow rate is limited to the range of 100 standard cubic centimeters per minute to 300 standard cubic centimeters per minute, which can stably control the concentration of the gas phase environment, avoid abnormal flow rate leading to disordered film structure and impure components, and ensure that the morphology and performance of the nano-columnar structure layer meet the standards.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, the preset evaporation rate is 2 angstroms / second to 5 angstroms / second, and the substrate temperature is 100 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius.

[0090] In the above embodiments, the preset evaporation rate is limited to the range of 2 Å / s to 5 Å / s, which can precisely control the deposition rate of the coating material, so that the growth morphology of the nano-columnar structure layer is uniform and the interconnection gaps are arranged regularly; the substrate temperature is limited to the range of 100 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius, which can improve the bonding force between the film layer and the substrate, reduce the internal stress of the film layer, ensure the smooth progress of the coating reaction, and improve the structural stability and overall performance of the nano-columnar structure layer.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0092] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An anti-fog film, characterized in that, include: substrate; A multilayer interference layer is disposed on the substrate; A nanopillar structure layer is disposed on the side of the multilayer interference layer opposite to the substrate; The nano-columnar structure layer includes multiple spaced columnar structures, with interconnected gaps between adjacent columnar structures. These interconnected gaps make the equivalent refractive index of the nano-columnar structure layer lower than the refractive index of any layer in the multilayer interference layer, and also make the nano-columnar structure layer hydrophilic.

2. The anti-fog film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanopillar structure layer includes at least one of the following features: The water contact angle of the surface on the side opposite to the substrate is less than or equal to 10°; Made of silicon dioxide material; The thickness ranges from 30 nanometers to 60 nanometers; The equivalent refractive index is 1.2 to 1.

4.

3. The anti-fog film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multilayer interference layer is composed of multiple low-refractive-index layers and multiple high-refractive-index layers stacked alternately.

4. The anti-fog film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The layer adjacent to the nanocolumnar structure layer of the multilayer interference layer is the low refractive index layer; the layer adjacent to the substrate of the multilayer interference layer is the high refractive index layer.

5. The anti-fog film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The low-refractive-index layer has a refractive index of 1.44 to 1.45, and the high-refractive-index layer has a refractive index of 2.49 to 2.

50.

6. The anti-fog film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The total number of low-refractive-index layers and high-refractive-index layers in the multilayer interference layers is 4 to 10.

7. The anti-fog film according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The total thickness of the anti-fog film is 150 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

8. The anti-fog film according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The substrate is a glass substrate.

9. An optical lens, characterized in that, Includes the antifog film as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the optical lens as described in claim 9.

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