Windshield, vehicle, and control method for a vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses a windshield, a vehicle and a control method of the vehicle, the windshield comprising a first cover plate and a waveguide layer, the first cover plate being at least partially a first transparent structure, and the waveguide layer being arranged on the first transparent structure and used for transmitting light emitted by a head-up display light source of the vehicle. The technical scheme of the application can solve the problem of a large space occupied by an AR-HUD in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically to windshields, vehicles, and methods for controlling vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent driving technology, AR-HUD (Augmented Reality Head-Up Display) has become a key feature for improving driving safety and interactive experience. It can integrate navigation, vehicle speed, and environmental recognition information and project it in front of the driver's field of vision, achieving the overlay of virtual images and real road conditions, which is an important trend in automotive intelligence.

[0003] Currently, AR-HUD based on freeform surface reflector systems is the mainstream technical solution. This solution uses complex optical refraction and reflection principles to project the image light emitted by the optical engine onto the windshield through multiple reflectors and lenses, ultimately forming a magnified virtual image in front of the driver.

[0004] However, traditional freeform surface mirror systems require long optical paths and complex lens assemblies to achieve imaging, resulting in a large overall optical module size. This not only occupies a significant amount of space under the dashboard but also limits the design flexibility of the vehicle interior, making it difficult to meet the development needs of miniaturization and integration of in-vehicle equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a windshield, a vehicle, and a method for controlling the vehicle, which aims to solve the problem of the large space occupied by AR-HUD in the prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a windshield suitable for a vehicle. The windshield includes a first cover plate and a waveguide layer. The first cover plate is at least partially a first transparent structure, and the waveguide layer is disposed on the first transparent structure. The waveguide layer is used to transmit light emitted by the head-up display light source of the vehicle.

[0007] Based on the aforementioned technical features, during the use of the head-up display (HUD), the vehicle's HUD light source emits image light onto the waveguide layer. The waveguide layer couples the image light to the interior of the waveguide substrate and guides the image light through the waveguide layer and the first transparent structure, emitting it to the driver's eyes so that the driver can observe a suspended virtual image. The waveguide layer maintains extremely high light transmittance, allowing light to undergo total internal reflection and diffraction on the windshield, thereby achieving a suspended image. Furthermore, only a small HUD light source needs to be installed inside the vehicle's passenger compartment, eliminating the need for large and complex optical structures. This significantly reduces the size and thickness of the optical module, meeting the technical requirements for lightweight and miniaturized in-vehicle display devices and reducing the space occupied by the HUD in the cockpit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first cover plate includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the radius of curvature of the first portion is greater than the radius of curvature of the second portion; the waveguide layer includes a first display portion and a second display portion, wherein the first display portion is disposed in the first portion and the second display portion is disposed in the second portion, wherein the first display portion is provided with a first grating and the second display portion is provided with a second grating, wherein the grating period of the first grating is greater than the grating period of the second grating.

[0009] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the first part, with a smaller radius of curvature, exhibits less curvature and is relatively flat. Utilizing a first grating with a larger period allows for an expanded diffraction angle, thereby improving the display clarity, brightness, and uniformity of the first display portion of the windshield. Conversely, the second part, also with a smaller radius of curvature, exhibits greater curvature. By employing a second grating with a smaller period, the direction of light can be precisely controlled, compensating for surface distortion and ensuring clear edge visibility. This configuration enables a large field of view and low aberrations in the head-up display, balancing light efficiency and image quality, improving visual comfort, and adapting to curved windshields, allowing the waveguide layer to achieve high-quality imaging even when placed on the windshield.

[0010] In some embodiments, the waveguide layer further includes a third display portion located between the first display portion and the second display portion. The third display portion is provided with a third grating, and the grating period of the third grating gradually decreases along the direction from the first display portion to the second display portion.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the third grating of the third display portion has a gradually changing grating period. This allows for smooth transitions in the light field through a gradually decreasing grating period and can compensate for imaging differences caused by curvature variations. This enables a continuous expansion of the field of view from the first to the second portion, while suppressing image distortion and brightness abrupt changes. Ultimately, this improves overall display uniformity and visual coherence, ensuring high definition and a natural viewing experience even at a large field of view, thus enhancing the display effect of the head-up display device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the blaze angle of the first grating is smaller than that of the second grating.

[0013] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the smaller blaze angle of the first grating can focus short-wavelength light, improving the brightness and resolution of the first display portion's field of view; while the larger blaze angle of the second grating can optimize light transmission at positions with higher curvature, compensating for surface distortion and expanding the field of view. This configuration precisely matches the diffraction requirements of different wavelengths, suppresses energy dispersion, and achieves high contrast and low aberration imaging across the entire field of view, enhancing visual comfort and information readability.

[0014] In some embodiments, the waveguide layer includes a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion includes a first display portion and a second display portion. The second waveguide portion is provided with a fourth grating. The second waveguide portion includes an incident end and an exit end. The incident end is adapted to face the head-up display light source, and the exit end faces the first waveguide portion. Along the direction from the incident end to the exit end, the grating density of the fourth grating gradually decreases.

[0015] Based on the aforementioned technical features, in the second waveguide section, the grating density of the fourth grating is gradually reduced along the direction from the incident end to the exit end, which can effectively compensate for the energy attenuation of light propagating within the waveguide. By reducing the grating density at the exit end, less light is coupled out from the incident end, retaining more light energy for transmission to the exit end, thereby balancing the light intensity at the incident and exit ends. This further improves the uniformity of the light received by the first waveguide section, avoiding a brightness gradient in the image (brighter at the beginning and darker at the end), ensuring consistent brightness and a natural and comfortable visual experience for the final image projected onto the user's field of vision.

[0016] In some embodiments, the emitting end of the second waveguide is located on the side of the second display portion away from the first display portion.

[0017] Based on the above technical features, by placing the emitting end of the second waveguide on the side of the second display part away from the first display part, the diffraction angle and light field distribution can be precisely controlled by extending the light propagation distance, avoiding optical crosstalk, and ensuring that the light energy is efficiently coupled to the first waveguide part; at the same time, it provides a compact arrangement space for optical components.

[0018] In some embodiments, the waveguide layer is provided with multiple grating structures; along the width direction of the vehicle, the radius of curvature of the first cover plate first increases and then decreases, and the grating period of the grating structure of the waveguide layer first increases and then decreases.

[0019] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the grating period of the waveguide layer's grating structure can be adjusted according to the curvature of the first cover plate, thereby optimizing the image display effect on the windshield. Increasing the curvature radius corresponds to increasing the grating period, which expands the diffraction angle and improves the brightness of the central field of view; decreasing the curvature radius corresponds to decreasing the period, which can precisely control the direction of edge rays and compensate for surface distortion. The gradually changing periodic structure achieves a smooth transition of the light field, suppressing image jumps and distortions, ensuring uniform and clear imaging across the entire area under a large field of view, and improving driving visual comfort and information readability.

[0020] In some embodiments, the windshield further includes a second cover plate, at least a portion of which is a second transparent structure. The first cover plate and the second cover plate are connected, and the first transparent structure, the waveguide layer, and the second transparent structure are stacked sequentially.

[0021] Based on the above technical features, the first cover plate and the second cover plate can provide mechanical protection for the waveguide layer, preventing the waveguide layer from being impacted or scratched from the outside.

[0022] In some embodiments, the windshield further includes a first buffer layer disposed between the first cover plate and the waveguide layer; and / or, the windshield further includes a second buffer layer disposed between the second cover plate and the waveguide layer.

[0023] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the first and second buffer layers can absorb impacts and vibrations, effectively preventing cracks in the first cover plate, the first cover plate, and the waveguide layer, thus increasing the structural durability of the windshield. Simultaneously, the first and second buffer layers can alleviate deformation of the first and second cover plates due to temperature changes and absorb the stress generated by the first and second cover plates, further increasing the structural stability of the windshield.

[0024] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the waveguide layer is provided with stress relief grooves.

[0025] Based on the above technical features, this design can reserve buffer space through stress relief grooves, thereby dispersing interlayer stress generated during manufacturing or thermal expansion, avoiding structural warping or cracking, ensuring the long-term structural stability of the optical waveguide layer, and effectively improving the reliability of the windshield and head-up display.

[0026] The second aspect of this application provides a vehicle including a head-up display light source and a windshield as provided in the first aspect of this application, wherein the head-up display light source is capable of emitting light onto the windshield.

[0027] In some embodiments, the vehicle further includes a controller and a temperature sensor, both of which are connected to the controller; the temperature sensor is configured to detect the actual temperature of the windshield.

[0028] The controller is configured to: acquire the mapping relationship between a standard point cloud map and a first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature. The first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image when projected onto the windshield at the preset temperature. The point cloud map of the standard image is the standard point cloud map. The mapping relationship is a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map.

[0029] Obtain the actual temperature of the windshield and calculate the temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature.

[0030] The coordinates of each point in the second distorted point cloud map at the actual temperature are calculated based on the mapping relationship and temperature compensation factor. At the actual temperature, the second distorted point cloud map can form a standard image when projected onto the windshield.

[0031] Based on the aforementioned technical features, the windshield temperature is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor. Combined with the mapping relationship between the standard point cloud map and the first distorted point cloud map, and a temperature compensation factor calculated from the actual and standard temperatures, the image distortion caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the windshield is precisely corrected. This setup ensures that the head-up display image remains clear and distortion-free under different ambient temperatures, improving optical stability and user experience. Simultaneously, it enables adaptive temperature adjustment of the head-up display, reducing system errors, enhancing reliability, and meeting the display consistency requirements under extreme climate conditions.

[0032] In some embodiments, a first displacement of each point in the standard point cloud map and its corresponding point in the first distorted point cloud map is calculated according to the mapping relationship; the product of the first displacement and the temperature compensation factor is calculated to obtain a second displacement; and a second distorted point cloud map is obtained based on the second displacement and the sum of the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map.

[0033] Based on the above technical features, the second displacement can be obtained by multiplying the first displacement by the temperature compensation factor, and the second distorted point cloud can be obtained by summing the second displacement with the points of the standard point cloud. This enables more precise adjustment of the head-up display image at various temperatures, improving correction accuracy and response speed, reducing system errors, enhancing the readability and safety of driving information, and meeting the stable display requirements under extreme climate conditions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the temperature compensation factor is calculated according to the following formula:

[0035] Where W is the temperature compensation factor, K is the expansion coefficient of the windshield, and T is the difference between the actual temperature and the preset temperature.

[0036] Based on the above technical features, the temperature compensation factor can be accurately obtained through the above formula, thereby enabling more precise adjustment of the head-up display image at various temperatures, improving correction accuracy and response speed, and thus increasing the accuracy of the head-up display image.

[0037] A third aspect of this application also provides a vehicle control method, the control method comprising: acquiring a mapping relationship between a standard point cloud map and a first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature, wherein the first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image when projected onto a windshield at the preset temperature, the point cloud map of the standard image being a standard point cloud map, and the mapping relationship being a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map; acquiring the actual temperature of the windshield and calculating a temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature; calculating the coordinates of each point in a second distorted point cloud map at the actual temperature based on the mapping relationship and the temperature compensation factor, wherein the second distorted point cloud map can form a standard image when projected onto a windshield at the actual temperature.

[0038] Based on the above technical features, Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the windshield and head-up display light source disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cover plate, waveguide layer, and second cover plate disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cover plate and waveguide layer disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first waveguide section disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second waveguide section disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stress relief groove disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is the image displayed on the windshield when the head-up display light source releases the first distorted point cloud map at actual temperature, as disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 This is the image displayed on the windshield when the head-up display light source releases the second distorted point cloud map at actual temperature, as disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of the vehicle control method disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100-Windshield; 10 - First cover plate; 11-First transparent structure; 12-First part; 13-Second part; 20-Waveguide layer; 21-First waveguide section; 211-First display section; 2111-First grating; 212-Second display section; 2121-Second grating; 213-Third display section; 2131-Third grating; 214-Fourth display section; 2141-Fifth grating; 215-Fifth display section; 2151-Sixth grating; 22-Second waveguide section; 221-Fourth grating; 23-Stress relief groove; 30 - Second cover plate; 31 - Second transparent structure; 40 - First buffer layer; 50 - Second buffer layer; 60 - Head-up display light source; A - Width direction; N - Standard image; M - Distorted image. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and have no sequential or technical meaning, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Directional terms used in this application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," are merely for reference to the orientation shown in the accompanying drawings. The use of directional terms is for better and clearer explanation and understanding of this application, and does not indicate the orientation of the referred device or component in an actual application scenario.

[0042] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and have no sequential or technical meaning, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Directional terms used in this application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," are merely for reference to the orientation shown in the accompanying drawings. The use of directional terms is for better and clearer explanation and understanding of this application, and does not indicate the orientation of the referred device or component in an actual application scenario.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed connection" refers to a connection where the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after connection. "Rotary connection" refers to a connection where the two parts can rotate relative to each other after connection. "Sliding connection" refers to a connection where the two parts can slide relative to each other after connection.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0045] The terms "parallel" and "perpendicular" are relative to the current technological level, not absolute mathematical definitions. Slight deviations are permissible; approximations of parallelism or perpendicularity are acceptable. For example, "A and B are parallel" means that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel, with the angle between them ranging from 0 to 5 degrees. Similarly, "A and B are perpendicular" means that A and B are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular, with the angle between them ranging from 85 to 95 degrees.

[0046] The term "electrical connection" refers to the flow of current or signal from one conductor to another. An electrical connection between A and B means that current or signal can flow from A to B and vice versa. This connection includes direct and indirect electrical connections. A direct electrical connection between A and B means that A and B are physically connected. An indirect electrical connection between A and B means that A and B are connected via C, where C can be at least one wire or device.

[0047] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] This application provides a vehicle, which can be a passenger vehicle or a freight vehicle, and can also be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. This application does not limit the specific purpose or power type of the vehicle, and the choice can be made according to actual needs.

[0049] In some embodiments, the vehicle may include a head-up display (HUD) light source 60 and a windshield 100. The HUD light source 60 may be an optical engine, and its main function is to generate high-brightness, high-contrast raw image light. The HUD light source 60 can convert vehicle information (vehicle speed, navigation, and battery level, etc.) into light signals and emit them onto the windshield 100. In some possible examples, the HUD light source 60 may be mounted on the dashboard.

[0050] The windshield 100 is a transparent safety glass installed in front of the vehicle's passenger compartment and above the dashboard. The windshield 100 provides the driver and passengers with a clear forward view while blocking wind, rain, dust, and debris. The windshield 100 also transmits light emitted from the head-up display 60 to the eyes of the driver and passengers, allowing the driver to observe road conditions and see driving information clearly.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the windshield 100 includes a first cover plate 10 and a waveguide layer 20. The first cover plate 10 is at least partially a first transparent structure 11, and the waveguide layer 20 is disposed on the first transparent structure 11. The waveguide layer 20 is used to transmit light emitted by the vehicle's head-up display light source 60.

[0052] In some possible examples, the windshield 100 may include a first transparent structure 11 and a black border structure disposed around the first transparent structure 11. The main function of the first transparent structure 11 is to provide occupants with a clear view and to block foreign objects from the outside. The main function of the black border structure is to shield the adhesive of the windshield 100 and prevent the adhesive from aging due to ultraviolet light. Furthermore, the black border structure can also evenly conduct heat, alleviate the stress difference between the windshield 100 and the metal frame of the vehicle, and prevent the windshield 100 from cracking.

[0053] The waveguide layer 20 can be attached to the side of the first transparent structure 11 near the passenger compartment. In some possible examples, the waveguide layer 20 can be bonded to the first transparent structure 11 with adhesive. Exemplarily, the waveguide layer 20 can be attached to the first transparent structure 11 with optical adhesive, which can be OCA adhesive (optical transparent adhesive) or UV adhesive (photocurable adhesive such as epoxy or silicone).

[0054] For example, waveguide layer 20 may be made of automotive-grade COP (cyclic olefin polymer) or optical-grade polycarbonate, and in some possible examples, the thickness of waveguide layer 20 may be 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm. The refractive index of waveguide layer 20 may be 1.53 to 1.59, and the visible light transmittance of waveguide layer 20 may be greater than 92%.

[0055] In other possible examples, an air layer may be provided between the waveguide layer 20 and the first cover plate 10, and the waveguide layer 20 and the first cover plate 10 may be fixed together by a bracket. This application does not limit the specific connection method between the waveguide layer 20 and the first cover plate 10, and the method can be selected according to actual conditions such as cost and process.

[0056] In other possible examples, the first cover plate 10 may also be a completely transparent structure. This application does not limit the specific structure of the first cover plate 10, and the choice can be made according to the actual situation such as process, cost and design.

[0057] During the use of the head-up display (HUD), the vehicle's HUD light source 60 emits image light onto the waveguide layer 20. The waveguide layer 20 couples the image light to the interior of the waveguide substrate and guides the image light through the waveguide layer 20 and the first transparent structure 11, emitting it to the driver's eyes so that the driver can observe a suspended virtual image. The waveguide layer 20 maintains extremely high light transmittance, allowing light to undergo total internal reflection and diffraction on the windshield 100, thereby achieving a suspended image. Only a small HUD light source 60 needs to be installed inside the vehicle's passenger compartment, eliminating the need for large and complex optical structures. This significantly reduces the size and thickness of the optical module, meeting the technical requirements for lightweight and miniaturized in-vehicle display devices, and reducing the space occupied by the HUD in the cockpit.

[0058] In related technologies, optical engines require complex optical paths and numerous optical components, resulting in a large volume. Generally, the volume of optical engines in related technologies ranges from 8 to 10 liters, or even larger. However, in this application, the head-up display light source 60 can also be an optical engine. Because the windshield provided in this application is used, the optical engine does not need a complex optical path or numerous optical components, thus reducing its volume to less than 1 liter.

[0059] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the first cover plate 10 includes a first portion 12 and a second portion 13, wherein the radius of curvature of the first portion 12 is greater than the radius of curvature of the second portion 13; that is, the curvature of the first portion 12 is less than the curvature of the second portion 13. The degree of curvature of the second portion 13 is greater than the degree of curvature of the first portion 12.

[0060] The waveguide layer 20 includes a first display portion 211 and a second display portion 212. The first display portion 211 is disposed in the first portion 12, and the second display portion 212 is disposed in the second portion 13. The first display portion 211 is provided with a first grating 2111, and the second display portion 212 is provided with a second grating 2121. By allowing light to enter through the first grating 2111 and the second grating 2121, light transmission and amplification can be achieved, and the light is transmitted to the driver's eyes, enabling the driver to observe the suspended image.

[0061] Both the first grating 2111 and the second grating 2121 are composed of a large number of parallel slits or etched lines of equal width and spacing. The first grating 2111 and the second grating 2121 can decompose mixed polychromatic light into spectra according to different wavelengths through light diffraction and interference. The first grating 2111 and the second grating 2121 can achieve high-precision and high-efficiency light transmission, optimize diffraction efficiency, and improve the sensitivity of the head-up display device.

[0062] The grating period of the first grating 2111 is greater than that of the second grating 2121. The grating period refers to the distance between the center points of two adjacent scribe lines or slits in the grating. This can be understood as the distance between the center points of two adjacent slits or scribe lines in the first grating 2111 being greater than the distance between the center points of two adjacent slits or scribe lines in the second grating 2121.

[0063] The first portion 12 of the first cover plate 10, with a larger radius of curvature, is provided with a first display portion 211, while the second display portion 212 of the first cover plate 10, with a smaller radius of curvature, has a first grating 2111 with a larger grating period, and a second grating 2121 with a smaller grating period. This arrangement optimizes the display effect of the head-up display.

[0064] The first part 12, with a smaller radius of curvature, has a less pronounced curvature and is relatively flat. The first grating 2111, with a larger grating period, can expand the diffraction angle, thereby improving the display clarity, brightness, and uniformity of the first display portion 211 of the windshield 100. Conversely, the second part 13, with a smaller radius of curvature, has a greater curvature. The second grating 2121, with a smaller grating period, can precisely control the light direction, compensate for surface distortion, and ensure clear edge visibility. This configuration enables a large field of view and low aberrations for the head-up display, balancing light efficiency and image quality, improving visual comfort, and adapting to the curved windshield 100, allowing the waveguide layer 20 to achieve high-quality imaging even when placed on the windshield 100.

[0065] In some other possible examples, the waveguide layer 20 may also be provided with an optical fiber structure to transmit and amplify light. This application does not limit the specific structure of the waveguide layer 20 for transmitting light, and the structure can be selected according to actual conditions such as cost and process.

[0066] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the waveguide layer 20 further includes a third display portion 213, which is located between the first display portion 211 and the second display portion 212. In some possible examples, the first display portion 211, the second display portion 212, and the third display portion 213 may be arranged sequentially along the broadband direction of the vehicle.

[0067] The third display portion 213 is provided with a third grating 2131. Along the direction from the first display portion 211 to the second display portion 212, the grating period of the third grating 2131 gradually decreases. The portion of the third grating 2131 with a larger grating period can be closer to the first grating 2111, and the portion of the third grating 2131 with a smaller grating period can be closer to the second grating 2121. Thus, the third grating 2131 achieves the transition of the difference between the first grating 2111 and the second grating 2121.

[0068] The third grating 2131 is composed of a large number of parallel slits or etched lines of equal width and spacing. The third grating 2131 can decompose the mixed polychromatic light into a spectrum according to different wavelengths through the diffraction and interference of light.

[0069] In some possible examples, the maximum grating period of the third grating 2131 can be the same as the grating period of the first grating 2111. The minimum grating period of the third grating 2131 can be the same as the grating period of the second grating 2121. In other possible examples, the grating period in the third grating 2131 can also vary linearly between the grating period of the first grating 2111 and the grating period of the second grating 2121. This application does not specifically limit the third grating 2131, and it can be selected according to actual conditions such as process and cost.

[0070] The third grating 2131 of the third display section 213 has a gradually changing grating period, which enables smooth transition of the light field through a gradually decreasing grating period and can compensate for imaging differences caused by curvature changes. This allows the field of view of the first section 12 to the second section 13 to be continuously expanded, while suppressing image distortion and brightness jumps. In turn, it improves the overall display uniformity and visual coherence, ensuring high definition and natural viewing experience even at a large field of view, and enhancing the display effect of the head-up display device.

[0071] In some possible examples, using the windshield of this application can improve the brightness uniformity of the head-up display to over 85%, and reduce the cost of the head-up display system.

[0072] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the first cover plate 10 first increases and then decreases along the width direction A of the vehicle. This can be understood as the curvature of the center position of the first cover plate 10 being smaller, while the curvature of the edge position of the first cover plate 10 being larger. In some possible examples, the radius of curvature of the first cover plate 10 can be gradually changed, thereby achieving a smooth transition between the various parts of the first cover plate 10. For example, the radius of curvature of the central area of ​​the first cover plate 10 can be greater than 4000 mm, the radius of curvature of the areas on both sides of the central area along the width direction A can be 2000 mm to 40000 mm, and the radius of curvature of the two outermost areas of the first cover plate 10 along the width direction A can be less than 2000 mm.

[0073] The waveguide layer 20 is provided with multiple grating structures. In some possible examples, the multiple grating structures can be a first grating 2111, a second grating 2121, and a third grating 2131. Along the width direction A of the vehicle, the grating period of the grating structure of the waveguide layer 20 first increases and then decreases.

[0074] In some possible examples, there may be two of each of the second display portion 212 and the third display portion 213. The first display portion 211 may be located at the center of the first cover plate 10 along the width direction of the vehicle, and the two second display portions 212 may be located on either side of the first display portion 211 along the width direction A. One of the third display portions 213 may be located between the first display portion 211 and one of the second display portions 212, while the other third display portion 213 may be located between the first display portion 211 and another second grating 2121.

[0075] In some possible examples, waveguide layer 20 may also include a fourth display portion 214 and a fifth display portion 215. The fourth display portion 214 may be provided with a fifth grating 2141, and the fifth display portion 215 may be provided with a sixth grating 2151. The first fourth display portion 214 may be located on the side of a second display portion 212 away from the first display portion 211, and the second fourth display portion 214 may be located on the side of another second display portion 212 away from the first display portion 211.

[0076] A fifth display portion 215 may be disposed between a second display portion 212 and its adjacent fourth display portion 214, and another fifth display portion 215 may be disposed between another second display portion 212 and its adjacent fourth display portion 214. The grating period of the fifth grating 2141 may be less than the grating period of the second grating 2121, and the grating period of the sixth grating 2151 gradually decreases along the direction from the second display portion 212 to the first display portion 211.

[0077] In some possible examples, the grating period of the first grating 2111 can be 510 nm, the grating period of the second grating 2121 can be 480 nm, and the grating period of the fifth grating 2141 can be 440 nm. The grating period of the third grating 2131 can be between 480 nm and 510 nm. The grating period of the sixth grating 2151 can be between 440 nm and 480 nm. The third grating 2131 and the fifth grating 2141 can each have 3-5 regions, where the grating period within each region can be the same, while the grating periods in adjacent regions can be different. The difference in grating depth between the regions is less than 10 nm.

[0078] In some possible examples, the waveguide layer 20 may be provided with multiple nano-flexible hinges. These nano-flexible hinges may be located between the first display portion 211 and the third display portion 213, or between the third display portion 213 and the fifth display portion 215. Alternatively, they may be located between the fifth display portion 215 and the fourth display portion 214. This allows the waveguide layer 20 to transmit light images while simultaneously blocking stress transmission within the waveguide layer 20.

[0079] This configuration allows for adjustment of the grating period of the waveguide layer 20's grating structure based on the curvature of the first cover plate 10, thereby optimizing the image display on the windshield 100. Increased curvature radius corresponds to increased grating period, expanding the diffraction angle and improving the brightness of the central field of view; decreased curvature radius corresponds to decreased period, precisely controlling the direction of edge rays and compensating for surface distortion. The gradually changing periodic structure achieves a smooth transition of the light field, suppressing image jumps and distortions, ensuring uniform and clear imaging across the entire field of view, and improving driving visual comfort and information readability.

[0080] In some embodiments, the blaze angle of the first grating 2111 is smaller than that of the second grating 2121. The blaze angle is the angle between the grating normal and the groove surface normal, and is numerically equal to the angle between the groove surface and the grating surface. By designing the blaze angle, the diffraction intensity at a specific wavelength (blaze wavelength) can be concentrated, significantly improving the diffraction intensity at that wavelength.

[0081] The smaller blaze angle of the first grating 2111 enables it to focus short-wavelength light, improving the brightness and resolution of the field of view of the first display portion 211. Meanwhile, the larger blaze angle of the second grating 2121 optimizes light transmission at higher curvature positions, compensating for surface distortion and expanding the field of view. This configuration precisely matches the diffraction requirements of different wavelengths, suppresses energy dispersion, and achieves high contrast and low aberration imaging across the entire field of view, enhancing visual comfort and information readability.

[0082] In some possible examples, the blaze angle of the fifth grating 2141 may be smaller than that of the second grating 2121. For example, the blaze angle of the first grating 2111 may be 26°, the blaze angle of the second grating 2121 may be 29°, and the blaze angle of the fifth grating 2141 may be 34°. This application does not specifically limit the blaze angle of each grating; it can be selected based on actual conditions such as process and cost. The gratings on the waveguide layer 20 can be formed by combining grayscale electron beam lithography with nanoimprint lithography.

[0083] This configuration allows the driver to achieve a horizontal eye movement range of 152mm. Compared to the 40mm range in related technologies, the vertical eye movement range of this application is greater than 65mm. Furthermore, the field of view of the head-up display is increased to 16.2° x 6.5° or greater, a 62% increase compared to the 10° x 4° field of view in related technologies. The angular resolution of this application is ≥0.5 arcmin, which widens the display range of the virtual image, enabling simultaneous coverage of distant road signs and closer lane line information. This significantly enhances the immersiveness and practicality of AR (Augmented Reality) information, meeting the requirements of L3+ level AR navigation.

[0084] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the waveguide layer 20 includes a first waveguide portion 21 and a second waveguide portion 22. The first waveguide portion 21 includes a first display portion 211 and a second display portion 212. In some possible examples, the first waveguide portion 21 may include a first display portion 211, a second display portion 212, a third display portion 213, a fourth display portion 214, and a fifth display portion 215.

[0085] The second waveguide section 22 is provided with a fourth grating 221. The second waveguide section 22 includes an incident end and an exiting end. The incident end is adapted to face the head-up display light source 60. The light emitted by the head-up display light source 60 can be received by the incident end, transmitted and amplified through the fourth grating 221, and then emitted from the exiting end. The exiting end faces the first part 12 so that the light emitted from the exiting end is emitted to the first waveguide section 21 and displayed through the first waveguide section 21.

[0086] Along the direction from the incident end to the exit end, the grating density of the fourth grating 221 gradually decreases. This arrangement, where the grating density of the fourth grating 221 gradually decreases along the direction from the incident end to the exit end in the second waveguide section 22, effectively compensates for energy attenuation during light propagation within the waveguide. By reducing the grating density at the exit end, less light is coupled out from the incident end, retaining more light energy for transmission to the exit end, thereby balancing the light intensity at the incident and exit ends. This further improves the uniformity of the light received by the first waveguide section 21, avoiding a brightness gradient in the image (brighter at the beginning, darker at the end), ensuring consistent brightness and a natural, comfortable visual experience for the final image projected onto the user's field of vision.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the emitting end of the second waveguide 22 is located on the side of the second display portion 212 away from the first display portion 211.

[0088] With this configuration, the emitting end of the second waveguide 22 is located on the side of the second display part 212 away from the first display part 211. This allows for precise control of the diffraction angle and light field distribution by extending the light propagation distance, avoiding optical crosstalk, and ensuring efficient coupling of light energy to the first waveguide 21. At the same time, it provides a compact arrangement space for optical components.

[0089] In some possible examples, at least a portion of the second waveguide 22 may be arranged along the width direction A on the side of the fourth display portion 214 away from the second display portion 212. This application does not limit the specific arrangement of the second waveguide 22, and it can be selected based on actual conditions such as cost and manufacturing process.

[0090] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the windshield 100 further includes a second cover plate 30, at least a portion of which is a second transparent structure 31. The first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 are connected, and the first transparent structure 11, the waveguide layer 20 and the second transparent structure 31 are stacked sequentially.

[0091] In some possible examples, the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 can be the same structure. The first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 can be arranged along the thickness direction of the first cover plate 10 or the second cover plate 30. After the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 are connected, along the arrangement direction of the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30, the projection of the first transparent structure 11 onto the second cover plate 30 can coincide with the second transparent structure 31.

[0092] In some possible examples, the second transparent structure 31 can be connected to the waveguide layer 20 via adhesive. Exemplarily, the waveguide layer 20 can be connected to the first transparent structure 11 via optical adhesive, which can be OCA adhesive (optical transparent adhesive) or UV adhesive (photocurable adhesive such as epoxy or silicone).

[0093] The second cover plate 30 can be located on the side of the waveguide layer 20 away from the first cover plate 10. In some possible examples, the portion of the first cover plate 10 other than the first transparent structure 11 and the portion of the second cover plate 30 other than the second transparent structure 31 can also be connected by adhesive. In other possible examples, the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 can also be clamped together by clamping components. This application does not limit the specific connection method between the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30, and can be selected according to actual conditions such as cost and process. With this configuration, the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 can provide mechanical protection for the waveguide layer 20, preventing the waveguide layer 20 from being subjected to external impacts and scratches.

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the windshield 100 further includes a first buffer layer 40, which is disposed between the first cover plate 10 and the waveguide layer 20. Exemplarily, the first buffer layer 40 may be thermoplastic polyurethane or an organosilicon elastomer. This application does not specifically limit the material of the first buffer layer 40; it can be selected based on actual conditions such as process and cost.

[0095] In some possible examples, the windshield 100 may also include a second buffer layer 50 disposed between the second cover plate 30 and the waveguide layer 20. Exemplarily, the second buffer layer 50 may be thermoplastic polyurethane or silicone elastomer. This application does not specifically limit the material of the second buffer layer 50; it can be selected based on actual conditions such as process and cost. In another possible example, the windshield 100 may include both a first buffer layer 40 and a second buffer layer 50.

[0096] In some possible examples, the thickness of the first buffer layer 40 and the second buffer layer 50 can be 0.08 mm to 0.2 mm, and the Young's modulus can be 8 MPa to 25 MPa. This application does not specifically limit the specific dimensions and performance of the first buffer layer 40 and the second buffer layer 50, which can be selected according to actual conditions such as cost and process.

[0097] This design allows the first buffer layer 40 and the second buffer layer 50 to absorb impacts and vibrations, effectively preventing cracks in the first cover plate 10, the waveguide layer 20, and increasing the structural durability of the windshield 100. Simultaneously, the first buffer layer 40 and the second buffer layer 50 can alleviate deformation of the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 due to temperature changes and absorb the stress generated by the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30, further increasing the structural stability of the windshield 100.

[0098] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the waveguide layer 20 is provided with stress relief grooves 23. This configuration allows for the provision of buffer space through the stress relief grooves 23, thereby dispersing the interlayer stress generated during manufacturing or thermal expansion, preventing structural warping or cracking, ensuring the long-term structural stability of the optical waveguide layer 20, and effectively improving the reliability of the windshield 100 and the head-up display.

[0099] In some possible examples, the stress relief groove 23 can be a V-groove or a U-groove. For example, the width of the stress relief groove 23 can be 0.1mm-0.3mm. This application does not limit the specific structure of the stress relief groove 23, and it can be selected according to actual conditions such as process and cost.

[0100] In some possible examples, stress relief grooves 23 can be provided on the waveguide layer 20 at locations where the curvature of the first cover plate 10 changes. Exemplarily, stress relief grooves 23 can be cut on the outer peripheral surface of the waveguide layer 20 using laser cutting.

[0101] In some possible examples, the area for mounting the waveguide layer 20 can be set according to the three-dimensional curvature data on the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30. Subsequently, a 0.4 mm thick COP substrate can be selected as the waveguide layer 20, and 0.12 mm thick TPU bonding adhesive can be applied to both surfaces of the waveguide layer 20 along the thickness direction. Stress relief grooves 23 are then formed on the outer peripheral surface of the waveguide layer 20 by laser cutting. The layer is then placed in an 85°C constant temperature oven for 48 hours to release stress and match the curvature of the first cover plate 10. A grating is then written on the waveguide layer 20, and a continuous transition is achieved through nanoimprinting and grayscale lithography.

[0102] The windshield 100 can then be mounted on the vehicle body, and a head-up display light source 60 can be installed on the vehicle's dashboard. The light from the head-up display light source 60 is transmitted to the first waveguide section 21 of the waveguide layer 20 and displayed on the second waveguide section 22. This allows the driver to observe an image of the road surface 5 to 15 meters in front of them, with a minimum diagonal field of view of 16°. Even if the driver's height causes changes in eye position, or if the head moves at least 150mm horizontally, a complete and clear AR image can still be seen, achieving dual optimization of viewing angle and display range.

[0103] In some possible examples, based on the three-dimensional data such as the size, curvature and thickness of the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30, and using a pre-bending shaping process, the waveguide layer 20 is bent by vacuum thermoforming (120℃~150℃), and in conjunction with the stress relief groove 23, the first buffer layer 40 and the second buffer layer 50, the windshield can withstand more than 500 thermal shock tests.

[0104] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the vehicle also includes a controller and a temperature sensor, both of which are connected to the controller. The temperature sensor is configured to detect the actual temperature of the windshield 100. The temperature sensor can be mounted on the windshield 100.

[0105] For example, the temperature sensor can be mounted on the windshield 100 using a bracket. Alternatively, the temperature sensor can be glued to the windshield 100 using adhesive. This application does not limit the specific connection method between the temperature sensor and the windshield 100; the choice can be made based on actual conditions such as manufacturing process and cost.

[0106] The controller is configured to: acquire the mapping relationship between a standard point cloud map and a first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature. The first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image N by projection onto the windshield 100 at the preset temperature. The point cloud map of the standard image N is the standard point cloud map. The mapping relationship is a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map.

[0107] In some possible examples, the preset temperature could be 25°C or 20°C, etc. Both the standard point cloud and the first distorted point cloud can be point cloud images of the image emitted by the head-up display light source 60. Projecting the image with the standard point cloud emitted by the head-up display light source 60 onto a plane yields a standard image N, which is a normally shaped image intended for the driver to see.

[0108] After the windshield 100 is manufactured in the factory, it can be placed in an environment with a preset temperature, and an image with a standard point cloud pattern emitted by the head-up display light source 60 is projected onto the first waveguide section 21 of the windshield 100 and displayed on the second waveguide section 22. Because the windshield 100 is curved glass, the image formed on the windshield 100 by the standard point cloud pattern is a distorted and abnormal image.

[0109] Subsequently, a tracking camera can be positioned at the driver's eye level to capture the distorted, abnormal image formed on the windshield 100 from the standard point cloud map. The processor then adjusts the coordinates of the point cloud map in the abnormally distorted image to conform to the standard point cloud map, thus reversing the process to generate the first distorted point cloud map. A distortion mapping table is stored for real-time dynamic compensation. If, at a preset temperature, the image corresponding to the first distorted point cloud map is released using the head-up display light source 60, a normal standard image N can be displayed on the windshield 100. In this case, the point cloud map of the standard image N formed on the windshield is identical to the standard point cloud map.

[0110] The mapping relationship is a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map. It can be understood as adjusting the displacement of at least some of the coordinates of multiple points in the standard point cloud map to obtain the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map.

[0111] The actual temperature of the windshield 100 is obtained, measured by a temperature sensor. The actual temperature is the temperature of the windshield 100 during vehicle use by the driver. In some possible examples, the actual temperature may be higher than a preset temperature. In other possible examples, the actual temperature may be lower than the preset temperature. The controller can calculate a temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature.

[0112] When the windshield 100 changes from a preset temperature value to its actual temperature, the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 of the windshield 100 will deform due to the temperature change. Because the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30 are deformed, the image with the first distorted point cloud pattern emitted by the head-up display light source 60 will be deformed and distorted when mapped onto the windshield 100, thus generating a distorted image M.

[0113] The coordinates of each point in the second distorted point cloud map at the actual temperature are calculated based on the mapping relationship and the temperature compensation factor. At the actual temperature, the second distorted point cloud map, when projected onto the windshield 100, can form a standard image N.

[0114] In some possible examples, the second distorted point cloud map can be obtained by adjusting the first distorted point cloud map using a temperature compensation factor. In other possible examples, the second distorted point cloud map can also be obtained by adjusting a standard point cloud map using a temperature compensation factor. This application does not limit the specific method of forming the second distorted point cloud map, and the method can be selected according to actual conditions such as design and cost.

[0115] By monitoring the windshield 100 temperature in real time using a temperature sensor, and combining the mapping relationship between the standard point cloud map and the first distorted point cloud map, as well as the temperature compensation factor calculated from the actual temperature and the standard temperature, the image distortion of the windshield 100 caused by thermal expansion and contraction is accurately corrected. This setup ensures that the head-up display image remains clear and distortion-free under different ambient temperatures, improving optical stability and user experience. Simultaneously, it enables adaptive temperature adjustment of the head-up display, reducing system errors, enhancing reliability, and meeting the display consistency requirements under extreme climate conditions.

[0116] In some embodiments, the first displacement of each point in the standard point cloud map and the corresponding point in the first distorted point cloud map is calculated based on the mapping relationship.

[0117] In some possible examples, the coordinates of a point in the standard point cloud can be D1(X1, Y1), and the coordinates of the point in the first distorted point cloud corresponding to D1 can be D2(X2, Y2). The first displacement can be D3(X3, Y3). X3 can be the difference between X2 and X1, and Y3 can be the difference between Y2 and Y1.

[0118] Calculate the product of the first displacement and the temperature compensation factor to obtain the second displacement; In some possible examples, the second displacement can be D4(X4, Y4). X4 can be the product of X3 and the temperature compensation factor, and Y4 can be the product of Y3 and the temperature compensation factor.

[0119] The second distorted point cloud map is obtained by summing the second displacement with the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map.

[0120] In some possible examples, the coordinate point corresponding to D1 in the second distorted point cloud map could be D5 (X5, Y5). X5 can be the sum of X1 and X4, and Y5 can be the sum of Y1 and Y4, thus D5 can be calculated. Other left-hand points in the second distorted point cloud map can also be obtained according to the above calculation method to obtain the complete second distorted point cloud map. When the image corresponding to the second distorted point cloud map is projected onto the windshield 100, which is in an actual temperature environment, through the head-up display light source 60, a standard image N can be obtained.

[0121] This configuration allows the second displacement to be obtained by multiplying the first displacement by the temperature compensation factor, and the second distorted point cloud to be obtained by summing the second displacement with the points of the standard point cloud. This enables more precise adjustment of the head-up display image at various temperatures, improving correction accuracy and response speed, reducing system errors, enhancing the readability and safety of driving information, and meeting the stable display requirements under extreme weather conditions.

[0122] This application enables adaptive compensation of the head-up display (HUD) image based on temperature, allowing the HUD image to match the image captured by the vehicle's front-facing camera. This ensures that the driver observes a clear alignment between the HUD image and the road conditions ahead, reducing the alignment error between the two. The vehicle using this application can reduce the error to less than 12 centimeters over a distance of 50 meters.

[0123] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate the temperature compensation factor according to the following formula: ; Where W is the temperature compensation factor, K is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the windshield 100, and T is the difference between the actual temperature and the preset temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the windshield 100 can be obtained based on the actual materials of the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 30. With this setting, the temperature compensation factor can be accurately obtained through the above formula, thereby enabling more precise adjustment of the head-up display image at various temperatures, improving correction accuracy and response speed, and ultimately increasing the accuracy of the head-up display image.

[0124] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, this application also includes a vehicle control method comprising: S1. Obtain the mapping relationship between the standard point cloud map and the first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature. The first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image N by projection through the windshield 100 at a preset temperature. The point cloud map of the standard image N is the standard point cloud map. The mapping relationship is that the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map correspond one-to-one with the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map. S2. Obtain the actual temperature of the windshield 100 and calculate the temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature. S3. Calculate the coordinates of each point in the second distorted point cloud map under the actual temperature according to the mapping relationship and temperature compensation factor. Under the actual temperature, the second distorted point cloud map can form a standard image N by projection onto the windshield 100.

[0125] For information on vehicle control methods, please refer to the execution functions and related content of the controller mentioned above. Further details will not be provided unless otherwise requested.

[0126] It should be understood that the application of this application is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can understand that implementing all or part of the processes of the above embodiments and making equivalent changes according to the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A windshield, characterized in that, The windshield is adapted for a vehicle and includes a first cover plate (10) and a waveguide layer (20). The first cover plate (10) is at least partially a first transparent structure (11). The waveguide layer (20) is disposed on the first transparent structure (11) and is used to transmit light emitted by the head-up display light source (60) of the vehicle.

2. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cover plate (10) includes a first part (12) and a second part (13), wherein the radius of curvature of the first part (12) is greater than the radius of curvature of the second part (13); The waveguide layer (20) includes a first display portion (211) and a second display portion (212). The first display portion (211) is located in the first portion (12), and the second display portion (212) is located in the second portion (13). The first display portion (211) is provided with a first grating (2111), and the second display portion (212) is provided with a second grating (2121). The grating period of the first grating (2111) is greater than the grating period of the second grating (2121).

3. The windshield according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waveguide layer (20) further includes a third display portion (213), which is located between the first display portion (211) and the second display portion (212). The third display portion (213) is provided with a third grating (2131) which gradually decreases in the direction from the first display portion (211) to the second display portion (212).

4. The windshield according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blaze angle of the first grating (2111) is smaller than that of the second grating (2121).

5. The windshield according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waveguide layer (20) includes a first waveguide portion (21) and a second waveguide portion (22), wherein the first waveguide portion (21) includes a first display portion (211) and a second display portion (212). The second waveguide (22) is provided with a fourth grating (221). The second waveguide (22) includes an incident end and an exit end. The incident end is adapted to face the head-up display light source (60), and the exit end faces the first waveguide (21). Along the direction from the incident end to the exit end, the grating density of the fourth grating (221) gradually decreases.

6. The windshield according to claim 5, characterized in that, The emitting end of the second waveguide (22) is located on the side of the second display part (212) away from the first display part (211).

7. The windshield according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The waveguide layer (20) is provided with multiple grating structures; Along the width direction (A) of the vehicle, the radius of curvature of the first cover plate (10) first increases and then decreases, and the grating period of the grating structure of the waveguide layer (20) first increases and then decreases.

8. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The windshield also includes a second cover plate (30), at least a portion of which is a second transparent structure (31). The first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (30) are connected, and the first transparent structure (11), the waveguide layer (20) and the second transparent structure (31) are stacked in sequence.

9. The windshield according to claim 8, characterized in that, The windshield also includes a first buffer layer (40), which is disposed between the first cover plate (10) and the waveguide layer (20); And / or, the windshield further includes a second buffer layer (50), which is disposed between the second cover plate (30) and the waveguide layer (20).

10. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the waveguide layer (20) is provided with stress relief grooves (23).

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a head-up display light source (60) and a windshield as described in any one of claims 1-10, wherein the head-up display light source (60) is capable of emitting light onto the windshield.

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes a controller and a temperature sensor, both of which are connected to the controller; The temperature sensor is configured to detect the actual temperature of the windshield. The controller is configured as follows: Obtain the mapping relationship between the standard point cloud map and the first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature. The first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image (N) by projection onto the windshield at the preset temperature. The point cloud map of the standard image (N) is a standard point cloud map. The mapping relationship is a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map. Obtain the actual temperature of the windshield and calculate the temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature; The coordinates of each point in the second distorted point cloud map at the actual temperature are calculated based on the mapping relationship and temperature compensation factor. At the actual temperature, the second distorted point cloud map can form a standard image (N) when projected onto the windshield.

13. The vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to: Calculate the first displacement of each point in the standard point cloud map relative to the corresponding point in the first distorted point cloud map based on the mapping relationship; Calculate the product of the first displacement and the temperature compensation factor to obtain the second displacement; The second distorted point cloud map is obtained by summing the second displacement with the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map.

14. The vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, The controller is configured to calculate the temperature compensation factor according to the following formula: W = 1 + KT; Wherein, W is the temperature compensation factor, K is the expansion coefficient of the windshield, and T is the difference between the actual temperature and the preset temperature.

15. A method for controlling a vehicle, characterized in that, The control method includes: Obtain the mapping relationship between the standard point cloud map and the first distorted point cloud map at a preset temperature. The first distorted point cloud map can form a standard image (N) by projection onto the windshield at the preset temperature. The point cloud map of the standard image (N) is a standard point cloud map. The mapping relationship is a one-to-one correspondence between the coordinates of each point in the standard point cloud map and the coordinates of each point in the first distorted point cloud map. Obtain the actual temperature of the windshield and calculate the temperature compensation factor based on the actual temperature and the preset temperature; The coordinates of each point in the second distorted point cloud map at the actual temperature are calculated based on the mapping relationship and temperature compensation factor. At the actual temperature, the second distorted point cloud map can form a standard image (N) when projected onto the windshield.

Images