Intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass and its control method, its structure includes from outside to inside: first light transmission substrate, high-partition dimming color-changing display layer, touch sensing layer and second light transmission substrate.High-partition dimming color-changing display layer contains array arrangement independent controllable pixel unit, transparent matrix driving circuit of passive matrix architecture is used, through row electrode resistance compensation, pixel-level grayscale calibration and gamma correction triple mechanism, it is realized that not less than 100 PPI resolution and 256-level grayscale display under low-cost passive matrix;Control module will touch coordinates be mapped into pixel logic coordinates and generate PWM driving signal, so that dimming color-changing layer presents grayscale image, supports handwriting real-time display, note cross-window transmission and scene mode call;Utilize electrochromic material bistable characteristics to realize ultra-low power consumption static display, and integrate ambient light perception, driver line-of-sight monitoring and ADAS linkage warning function, so that car window has dimming, display and intelligent interaction ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent automotive glass technology, specifically relating to an intelligent automotive dimming display glass and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, automotive glass is developing in two main directions: one is pure dimming glass technology that pursues improvements in basic optical performance, and the other is composite technology that attempts to integrate a display device layer and a dimming layer. Both have significant limitations.

[0003] Existing mature automotive dimming glass solutions are mainly based on the principle of electronic dimming, with their core function being only to adjust light transmittance to achieve sun protection, heat insulation, and privacy protection. Among them, pure dimming glass technology, which pursues the improvement of basic optical performance, typically has a sandwich structure of "outer glass + dimming functional film + inner glass", and its function is singular.

[0004] One current technological trend in automotive glass is the integration of a display layer and a dimming layer. To enable both display and dimming functions, the structure of automotive glass is designed as "outer glass + Micro-LED / Mini-LED display layer + dimming layer + inner glass." The display layer emits light to display the image, while the dimming layer, located behind it, adjusts the background transmittance (e.g., dimming to improve contrast during display). This technology suffers from several problems: Complex structure and high cost: It requires at least two independent functional layers—the display panel and the dimming film—and a driving system, leading to a surge in material and manufacturing costs. Reduced visual clarity: Light must penetrate multiple layers, resulting in decreased overall transmittance and increased stray light, affecting visibility. Increased thickness and weight: The multi-layer stacking significantly increases the total thickness of the glass, contradicting the automotive design trends of lightweight construction and narrow bezels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an intelligent automotive dimming display glass and its control method. The present invention solves the dilemma of existing automotive glass being "single-function" and "complex and costly". By using the high-zone electrochromic pixel layer as both the dimming layer and the display layer, and in conjunction with the transparent matrix driving circuit, the touch sensing layer and the control module, the present invention solves the dilemma of existing automotive glass being "single-function" and "complex and costly".

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass and its control method, comprising: The four-layer structure from the outside in consists of a first light-transmitting substrate, a high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer, a touch sensing layer, and a second light-transmitting substrate. The touch sensing layer is used to sense external touch operations and generate touch signals. The high-zone dimming color-changing display layer includes: multiple independently controllable pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit containing electrochromic material, used to achieve multi-level grayscale changes under the action of an electric field; A transparent matrix driving circuit, connected to multiple pixel units, is used to provide an independent driving signal for each pixel unit; The control module is electrically connected to the transparent matrix driving circuit and the touch sensing layer respectively. The control module is configured to: map the coordinate data of the touch event to the logical coordinates of the pixel unit array, generate the corresponding target gray value, generate a driving signal based on the target gray value, and drive the target pixel unit through the transparent matrix driving circuit to perform matrix addressing driving, so that the dimming color-changing layer presents a gray image corresponding to the touch event at the target pixel unit. The vehicle-mounted main controller communicates with the control modules corresponding to each window via the vehicle bus, and is used to distribute display instructions to the target window and coordinate data synchronization between multiple windows.

[0007] Preferably, the transparent matrix driving circuit adopts a passive matrix architecture, including mutually insulated and vertically intersecting row electrode arrays and column electrode arrays, with each pixel unit located at the intersection of the row electrode and column electrode; The control module addresses pixel units by scanning line by line; The control module's memory stores a row electrode resistance compensation parameter table, which records the voltage attenuation caused by the row electrode resistance at different column positions. When performing matrix addressing drive, the control module queries the compensation parameter table according to the column position of the target pixel unit, performs amplitude compensation on the data voltage and then applies it to the corresponding column electrode; Electrically isolated trenches are formed between pixel units through laser-induced etching or photolithography. The trenches are filled with optically transparent insulating material to prevent optical and electrical crosstalk between pixel units.

[0008] Preferably, the memory of the control module also stores grayscale response calibration data for each pixel unit. The grayscale response calibration data characterizes the deviation relationship between the actual optical response of the corresponding pixel unit under different driving voltages and the theoretical target grayscale. When generating the driving signal, the control module calls the corresponding grayscale response calibration data according to the address of the target pixel unit, performs nonlinear compensation on the target grayscale value, and generates the calibrated actual driving parameters. The control module also has a built-in grayscale gamma lookup table, which stores the mapping relationship between the target grayscale value and the driving voltage after nonlinear correction. The mapping relationship is pre-calibrated according to the electrochemical response curve of the electrochromic material, so that the actual optical response of the pixel unit has a linear correspondence with the target grayscale value.

[0009] Preferably, the control module is further configured to: analyze the touch trajectory captured by the touch sensing layer in real time, map the coordinate sequence of the touch trajectory to the corresponding pixel unit of the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer, and drive the corresponding pixel unit to become dark to simulate the visual effect of writing or drawing; the control module is also used to generate note data according to user operation and store it in local memory in the data format of coordinate point sequence and stroke timing.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a communication interface connected to the control module. The control module communicates with the vehicle's main controller via the communication interface through the CAN bus to receive scene call commands from the vehicle's central control screen or voice recognition system. The scene call commands include preset dimming parameters and display content data. The control module also supports multi-window collaborative display function: it receives a note data package drawn and sent by the user on any window, and sends the note data package to the control module of one or more other target windows of the vehicle via the CAN bus, so that the same note content is reproduced on their respective high-zone dimming and color-changing display layers. For continuous handwriting spanning multiple windows, the control module divides and aligns the display content according to the geometric positional relationship of each window.

[0011] Preferably, the control module is also used to: shut down non-core circuits except for touch monitoring and communication interfaces after the display content stabilizes, and enter a low-power standby state; and wake up the system within a preset time when a new touch signal or instruction is received; the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer also includes a solid electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer, which together with the electrochromic material form an all-solid-state thin film stacked structure; the control module is also used to apply a pre-charge pulse before outputting the drive signal, the amplitude of the pre-charge pulse being lower than the initial amplitude of the drive signal, in order to shorten the response time of the electrochromic material; the control module generates a PWM drive signal based on the target grayscale value, and controls the effective voltage pulse width applied to the pixel unit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so as to control the amount of ion migration in the electrochromic material and realize the continuous grayscale change of the pixel unit between the transparent state and the dark state.

[0012] Preferably, the touch sensing layer and the transparent matrix driving circuit reuse the same set of transparent electrode grids; the control module drives the transparent electrode grids in a time-division multiplexing manner: in the first time period, the electrode grids are scanned to detect capacitance changes, thereby obtaining touch coordinates; in the second time period, a driving voltage corresponding to the target grayscale value is applied to the electrode grids.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an ambient light sensor, an in-vehicle camera, and a communication interface with the vehicle's ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar; the control module is also used to: dynamically adjust the contrast between the background grayscale and the handwriting grayscale of the display area according to the signal from the ambient light sensor; determine the driver's line of sight according to the image recognition results of the in-vehicle camera; if it is determined that the driver's line of sight deviates from the road ahead by more than a preset threshold, automatically hide the non-safety-related entertainment content displayed on the passenger side window or rear window; in response to the anti-peeping mode activation command, obtain passenger seat position information, divide the pixel unit corresponding to the currently displayed content into a main viewing area and an anti-peeping area, and control the pixel unit in the anti-peeping area to be dark or mirrored, so that only viewers within the preset viewing area can see the displayed content clearly; when receiving an obstacle warning signal from the ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar, determine the vehicle's lateral orientation corresponding to the warning signal, and generate a flashing warning icon at a preset frequency and contrast in the edge area of ​​the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer of the window corresponding to the lateral orientation, with the flashing frequency inversely proportional to the obstacle distance.

[0014] Preferably, the control module is also connected to the vehicle's power management system and utilizes the bistable characteristics of the electrochromic material to achieve zero power consumption maintenance for static display. When the vehicle is turned off, the control module still maintains power supply to the content already displayed in the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer, and the current of this power supply is less than 10mA. At the same time, the control module monitors the vehicle's battery voltage. If the battery voltage is lower than a preset threshold, it forces all pixel units to switch to a fully transparent state and completely cuts off power.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a control method for intelligent automotive dimming display glass, applied to automotive glass containing a high-zone dimming color-changing display layer, comprising the following steps: System initialization steps: Perform power-on self-test on the control module, touch sensing layer, and high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer; load the pre-calibrated touch-pixel coordinate mapping relationship, row electrode resistance compensation parameter table, grayscale response calibration data and grayscale gamma lookup table for each pixel unit; Command listening steps: Listen to touch input, vehicle bus commands and environmental signals in an event-driven manner, and retain only touch listening and bus communication functions in low-power standby mode; Data parsing steps: The received input data is classified and parsed, the touch trajectory data is sent to the handwriting processing unit, the scene call command is sent to the scene execution unit, and the brightness adjustment command is sent to the dimming control unit; Coordinate mapping and grayscale calculation steps: Transform the physical coordinates of the touch into pixel logical coordinates through a pre-calibration matrix, filter and smooth the continuous coordinates, and determine the target grayscale value of each target pixel according to the displayed content; Drive signal generation steps: Based on the target gray value and the gray response calibration data of the corresponding pixel, perform nonlinear compensation on the target gray value to generate a calibrated PWM drive signal; consult the row electrode resistance compensation parameter table according to the column position of the target pixel unit to perform amplitude compensation on the data voltage; address and drive the target pixel unit through a row-by-row scanning method of a passive matrix. The execution steps are as follows: a driving voltage is applied to the target pixel unit to drive the electrochromic material to change its optical state and present a grayscale image on the glass; during the response time period of the optical state switching of the dimming color-changing display layer, a touch sampling window is inserted, and the driving signal output is paused during the touch sampling window. Low-power maintenance steps: After the display content stabilizes, non-core circuits are turned off, and the display is maintained by utilizing the bistable characteristics of electrochromic materials; when a valid touch event is detected, only the driving circuits of the row and column areas corresponding to the touch coordinates are awakened until a new input event triggers a full wake-up.

[0016] The present invention has achieved at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention solves the dilemma of existing automotive glass being "single-function" and "complex and costly". By using the high-zone electrochromic pixel layer as both a dimming layer and a display layer, and in conjunction with the transparent matrix driving circuit, touch sensing layer and control module, the invention addresses the dilemma of existing automotive glass being "single-function" and "complex and costly".

[0017] 2. In this invention, the touch sensing layer and the transparent matrix driving circuit reuse the same set of transparent electrode grids. The control module uses a time-division multiplexing method to alternately execute touch detection and display driving functions on the same set of electrodes. This design eliminates the need for an additional independent touch electrode layer, reducing one conductive film and one substrate material layer, further reducing the total thickness of the smart automotive dimming display glass and further improving light transmittance. Simultaneously, due to the reduction in the number of electrode layers, the requirement for inter-layer alignment accuracy is lowered, the production process is simplified, the yield is increased, and material and manufacturing costs decrease simultaneously. The time-division multiplexing mechanism inserts a touch sampling window during the "window period" of the electrochromic material's response and suspends the display driving signal output during touch sampling, effectively avoiding electromagnetic interference from the driving electric field on capacitive touch detection, ensuring the accuracy of touch coordinate acquisition and the stability of display driving.

[0018] 3. Before the formal drive signal is output, this invention applies a pre-charge pulse with a value lower than the initial amplitude of the drive signal to pre-establish an ion concentration gradient at the interface between the electrochromic material and the electrolyte. The coloring / fading process of the electrochromic material is essentially a migration and embedding reaction of ions driven by an electric field. The pre-charge pulse reduces the ion migration barrier during subsequent formal drive, shortening the response time of the electrochromic material by 30% to 50%. This improvement enables the originally slow-responding (second-level) electrochromic materials to support dynamic display content with higher refresh rates (such as real-time tracking of handwriting and dynamic flashing of warning icons), expanding the application scope of electrochromic display technology in in-vehicle interactive scenarios. The amplitude and duration of the pre-charge pulse can be adaptively adjusted according to the electrochemical characteristics of different electrochromic materials, balancing response speed improvement and material lifespan protection, and avoiding material degradation caused by over-drive.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in some respects, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent vehicle dimming display glass according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a multi-zone display layer with high-zone dimming and color-changing properties in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a core functional block diagram of the intelligent vehicle dimming display glass in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the intelligent vehicle dimming display glass provided in this embodiment of the invention includes four layers from the outside to the inside: a first light-transmitting substrate, a high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer, a touch sensing layer, and a second light-transmitting substrate.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first and second light-transmitting substrates are made of conventional automotive-grade float glass or chemically strengthened glass, with a thickness ranging from 2mm to 4mm and a visible light transmittance greater than 85%, to meet automotive safety glass standards. The first light-transmitting substrate serves as the outer layer of glass, facing the external environment; the second light-transmitting substrate serves as the inner layer of glass, facing the occupants inside the vehicle.

[0024] In this embodiment, a high-division dimming and color-changing display layer is sandwiched between a first light-transmitting substrate and a touch sensing layer, comprising a transparent matrix driving circuit and a dimming and color-changing layer. The dimming and color-changing layer is divided into multiple independently controllable pixel units arranged in an array. Each pixel unit is essentially a miniature electrochromic device, comprising an electrochromic material (such as tungsten trioxide WO3), an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a transparent conductive electrode. Under the action of an electric field, ions (such as Li⁺, H⁺) are injected into or extracted from the electrochromic material, causing the material to change from a transparent state (visible light transmittance >70%) to a dark state (visible light transmittance <10%), thereby achieving multi-level grayscale changes.

[0025] In this embodiment, the transparent matrix driving circuit uses a high-transparency, low-resistance indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, deposited on a substrate by magnetron sputtering, and then formed into a grid pattern of row electrodes (X direction) and column electrodes (Y direction) by photolithography. The row electrodes and column electrodes are mutually insulated and perpendicularly intersect each other, forming a passive matrix structure. Each pixel unit is located at the intersection of the row and column electrodes, and its unique address is determined by its row number. and column number Determined jointly, denoted as ,in , , This represents the total number of rows. This represents the total number of columns.

[0026] In this embodiment, the resolution of the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer is no less than 100 PPI (Pixels Per Inch), meaning there are no fewer than 100 pixel units per inch. Based on a typical car window size (e.g., a rear side window: 800mm wide × 500mm high), the pixel array size can reach [missing information]. Each pixel unit has over 6 million pixels. Each pixel unit supports at least 256 levels of grayscale adjustment, with grayscale values... The range of values ​​for is: in, Corresponding to the fully transparent state, The darkest value corresponds to the darkest state, while the intermediate value corresponds to a continuously changing semi-transparent state.

[0027] In this embodiment, the touch sensing layer is disposed between the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer and the second light-transmitting substrate (or integrated into the inner surface of the second light-transmitting substrate), and employs capacitive touch technology. The touch sensing layer includes a cross-grid of driving electrodes and sensing electrodes to capture the coordinate sequence of the contact point at a high sampling rate (e.g., 100Hz). and timestamp When a user touches the car window glass with their finger or stylus, the touch sensing layer detects the change in capacitance and generates a touch signal, which is then uploaded to the control module.

[0028] In this embodiment, the control module is electrically connected to both the transparent matrix driving circuit and the touch sensing layer, serving as the core processing unit of the system. The control module includes a microprocessor (MCU / MPU), memory (Flash / RAM), a driver chip (such as a MOSFET array), and a communication interface. The control module is configured to map the coordinate data of touch events to the logical coordinates of the pixel unit array, generating the corresponding target grayscale value. and based on A driving signal is generated, and the target pixel unit is driven by matrix addressing through a transparent matrix driving circuit, so that the dimming color-changing layer presents a grayscale image corresponding to the touch event at the target pixel unit.

[0029] In this embodiment, the vehicle main controller communicates with the control modules corresponding to each window via the vehicle CAN bus (Controller Area Network), with a communication rate typically of 500kbps. As the vehicle's information hub, the main controller is responsible for receiving instructions from the central control screen or voice recognition system and distributing them to the target window; it also coordinates data synchronization between different windows (such as sending notes).

[0030] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the transparent matrix driving circuit adopts a passive matrix architecture, including mutually insulated and vertically intersecting row electrode arrays and column electrode arrays. The row electrodes extend along the horizontal direction (X direction), and the column electrodes extend along the vertical direction (Y direction). Each pixel unit... Located in the row electrode and the first At the intersection of the columns of electrodes.

[0031] In this embodiment, the control module addresses pixel units using a line-by-line scanning method. Within one scan frame period... Inside, sequentially check rows 1 to 1. The row is selected. For the first row... Line, the control module is in the first Apply a gating voltage to the row electrode Simultaneously, data voltages corresponding to their respective grayscale values ​​are applied to all pixel units in that row through each column electrode. . No. row pixel unit The actual voltage applied across the two ends is: In this embodiment, parasitic resistance exists in the row electrode. When current flows through the row electrode, an IR voltage drop is generated, causing the actual gate voltage obtained by pixel units farther from the driving end to be lower than that of near-end pixels. Let the resistance per unit length of the row electrode be... (unit: ), No. The distance from the column pixel to the row electrode driving end is (Unit: mm), then the voltage attenuation on the row electrode is: in, For the flow through the first The cumulative current of the row electrode at the column position.

[0032] In this embodiment, to compensate for grayscale unevenness caused by row electrode resistance, the control module's memory pre-stores a row electrode resistance compensation parameter table. The compensation parameter table records different column positions. Voltage drop caused by the resistance of the horizontal electrode During matrix addressing, the control module determines the target pixel unit. Column position Consult the compensation parameter table to perform amplitude compensation on the data voltage before applying it to the corresponding column electrodes. The compensated data voltage is: Among them, compensation amount Based on the calibration data, it is determined that the compensated first... The actual voltages at both ends of all pixel units tend to be consistent: In this embodiment, electrically isolated trenches are formed between pixel units through laser-induced etching or photolithography. The trenches have a width of 5μm-20μm and penetrate the electrochromic functional layer to the transparent conductive layer. The trenches are filled with an optically transparent insulating material (such as SiO2 or silicone resin) with a refractive index matching the glass substrate. This prevents optical and electrical crosstalk between pixel units. The electrically isolated trench physically isolates the electrochromic materials of adjacent pixel units, avoiding edge diffusion effects caused by ion migration, while maintaining an overall transmittance loss of less than 2%.

[0033] Example 3 This invention provides pixel-level grayscale calibration and gamma correction techniques to address the nonlinear response of electrochromic materials and the non-uniformity between devices.

[0034] In this embodiment, the control module's memory also stores grayscale response calibration data for each pixel unit. Due to process variations (such as uneven thickness of the electrochromic material and differences in the composition of the ion storage layer), the actual optical responses of different pixel units differ under the same driving voltage. The grayscale response calibration data characterizes the corresponding pixel unit. Different driving voltages Actual optical response (Expressed by transmittance) and the theoretical target gray level The deviation relationship between them.

[0035] In this embodiment, each smart window unit is calibrated pixel-by-pixel before leaving the factory. The calibration process is as follows: for each pixel unit... Apply sequentially Standard drive voltage The actual transmittance at various voltages was measured using a spectrometer. Establish the voltage-transmittance mapping relationship for this pixel unit: Mapping relationship Pixels are stored in the control module's memory in the form of lookup tables (LUTs). Gray-scale response calibration data.

[0036] In this embodiment, when generating the driving signal, the control module determines the target pixel unit's address. Call its corresponding grayscale response calibration data Given a target grayscale value First, convert it to the theoretical target transmittance: in, Transmittance in a fully transparent state (e.g., 85%). The transmittance is the darkest state (e.g., 5%).

[0037] Then, the control module in the mapping relationship The search term is used to find the value that most closely approximates the actual transmittance. Drive voltage: like Linear interpolation is used between the two calibration values: The driving voltage That is, the actual driving parameters after nonlinear compensation, so that the pixel The actual optical response precisely matches the target grayscale.

[0038] In this embodiment, the control module also has a built-in grayscale gamma lookup table. The transmittance of the electrochromic material... With driving voltage The relationship between light and brightness is non-linear (approximately an S-curve), while the human eye's perception of brightness exhibits logarithmic characteristics. To ensure that pixel grayscale changes are linearly and uniformly distributed in human perception, gamma correction is required. A gamma lookup table stores the target grayscale values. With the driving voltage after nonlinear correction Mapping relationship between them: in, and These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the driving voltage, respectively. The gamma coefficient is pre-calibrated based on the electrochemical response curve of the electrochromic material, with a typical value range of 1.8-2.4. The driving voltage after gamma correction. After pixel-level grayscale calibration data correction, the actual driving voltage applied to the pixel unit is finally generated.

[0039] Example 4 This invention provides a technology for implementing touch handwriting mapping and handwritten note functions.

[0040] In this embodiment, the control module is configured to analyze the touch trajectory captured by the touch sensing layer in real time. The touch sensing layer captures the coordinate sequence of the contact point at a sampling rate of 100Hz. and timestamp , ,in This represents the total number of trajectory points. The control module performs coordinate normalization on the original coordinate sequence, converting the physical coordinates of the touch sensor... Through the pre-calibrated coordinate transformation matrix Mapped to logical coordinates of the dimming pixel layer : in, for The affine transformation matrix is ​​determined through multi-point calibration before leaving the factory and is used to compensate for the resolution difference, origin offset and slight rotation between the touch sensing layer and the dimming pixel layer.

[0041] In this embodiment, the control module performs filtering and smoothing on the mapped logical coordinate sequence to eliminate hand tremor noise. A Kalman filter is used to filter the trajectory in real time, and the state vector... Including position and velocity, the observation vector is The state prediction and update equations for the Kalman filter are as follows: in, Here is the state transition matrix. For the observation matrix, The process noise covariance matrix is... To observe the noise covariance matrix, For Kalman gain, Let be the error covariance matrix.

[0042] In this embodiment, the filtered, smoothed trajectory coordinates are mapped to the corresponding pixel units of the high-partition dimming and color-changing display layer. For each point on the trajectory... Determine the address of the pixel unit it belongs to. : in, Pixel spacing (unit: mm). This is a floor function. The control module drives the corresponding pixel unit. Turn to dark (grayscale value) (This is to simulate the visual effect of "ink writing" in writing or drawing.)

[0043] In this embodiment, the control module is also used to generate note data based on user operations. The handwritten content is stored in local memory in a data format of coordinate point sequence and stroke timing. The data structure of the note data is as follows: in, Used as a unique identifier for notes. To create a timestamp, For the first The data for each stroke includes: in, As coordinates, For timestamps, The pressure value (if pressure sensitivity is supported). The system creates an independent "notebook" for each window, supporting saving, naming, and deleting multiple notes.

[0044] Example 5 This invention provides a technology for multi-window collaborative display and cross-window note transmission.

[0045] In this embodiment, the control module communicates with the vehicle's main controller via a CAN bus through a communication interface to receive scene call commands from the vehicle's central control screen or voice recognition system. The scene call commands include preset dimming parameters and display content data. For example, the "Children's Entertainment Mode" command includes: 30% light transmittance (grayscale) for the lower half of the rear side windows. The upper part displays sticky notes with simple line drawings by children.

[0046] In this embodiment, the control module supports multi-window collaborative display functionality. It receives a data packet of notes drawn and sent by the user on any of the vehicle windows (the source window), and transmits this data packet via the CAN bus to the control modules of one or more other target windows of the vehicle. The frame structure of the note data packet is as follows: in, The source window identifier (e.g., 0x01 - front left, 0x02 - front right, 0x03 - rear left, 0x04 - rear right). The target window identifier (broadcast address 0xFF is supported). For command type (e.g., 0x01 - send note, 0x02 - call scenario). For data payload, For checksum.

[0047] In this embodiment, the control module of the target window receives the note data packet and parses it. The sticky note data is then used to "reproduce" the sticky note content from the source car window on its high-resolution dimming and color-changing display layer. The reproduction process includes: converting the pixel logical coordinates of the source car window to the pixel logical coordinates of the target car window; and scaling the dimensions if the two windows have different resolutions. in, , The width and height of the source window pixel array, , The width and height of the target window pixel array.

[0048] In this embodiment, for continuous handwriting spanning multiple windows (such as a user swiping to write from the left rear window to the right rear window), the control module segments and aligns the displayed content based on the geometric positional relationship of each window. Let the vehicle's position in the coordinate system be the origin, and the vehicle body coordinates of the center points of each window be... , Number the car windows. Physical coordinates of the handwriting. The inverse perspective transformation is used to map the coordinates of each car window to its local coordinates. in, For the first The perspective transformation matrix of each vehicle window is determined by the window's installation position, curvature, and camera calibration parameters. The control module then makes the determination. Does it fall in the first place? If the handwriting segment is within the effective display area of ​​a window, it will be assigned to the window for display, thus achieving seamless splicing of continuous handwriting across windows.

[0049] Example 6 This invention provides low-power management and pre-charge drive technology.

[0050] In this embodiment, after the displayed content stabilizes, the control module shuts down non-core circuits (such as the high-frequency clock, DAC converter, and some channels of the row / column driver chip) except for the touch monitoring and communication interface, entering a low-power standby state. In standby mode, system power consumption is reduced to a minimum, retaining only: Low-power monitoring circuit for the touch sensing layer (power consumption approximately 1mA) Sleep monitoring mode of the CAN bus transceiver (power consumption approximately 0.5mA) The MCU of the control module is in sleep mode (power consumption approximately 0.1mA). Total standby power consumption is less than 2mA.

[0051] In this embodiment, when a new touch signal or CAN bus wake-up command is received, the control module wakes up the system within a preset time (e.g., 10ms) and resumes full-function operation. The wake-up process includes: enabling the clock source, initializing the driver chip, and loading the display buffer data.

[0052] In this embodiment, the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer further includes a solid electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer, which, together with the electrochromic material, constitute an all-solid-state thin-film stacked structure. The stacked structure, from the first light-transmitting substrate inwards, consists of: First transparent conductive layer (ITO, thickness 100nm-200nm) Ion storage layer (e.g., nickel oxide NiO, thickness 200nm-400nm) Solid electrolyte layer (such as LiTaO3 or LiNbO3, with a thickness of 300nm-500nm) Electrochromic layer (WO3, thickness 300nm-600nm) Second transparent conductive layer (ITO, thickness 100nm-200nm) In this embodiment, the response time (the time to switch from a transparent state to a dark state) of the electrochromic material is typically 1-5 seconds, limiting the dynamic display refresh rate. To shorten the response time, the control module applies a pre-charge pulse before outputting the formal drive signal. The amplitude of the pre-charge pulse... Below the starting amplitude of the drive signal : Precharge pulse duration The response time is 10ms-100ms, which is used to accumulate an ion concentration gradient at the electrochromic material / electrolyte interface in advance, reduce the ion migration barrier during subsequent formal driving, and thus shorten the response time by 30%-50%.

[0053] In this embodiment, the control module is based on the target grayscale value. Generate a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) drive signal. The frequency of the PWM signal... 30Hz-120Hz, duty cycle The relationship with the target grayscale value is as follows: By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal Control the effective voltage pulse width applied to the pixel unit (in To control the amount of ion migration in electrochromic materials. : in, The threshold voltage for the electrochromic reaction. This represents the equivalent resistance for ion migration. Ion migration amount. The optical absorption state of the material is determined, thereby enabling continuous grayscale changes between the transparent and dark states of the pixel unit.

[0054] Example 7 This invention provides a technology for multiplexing touch and display electrodes and time-division multiplexing.

[0055] In this embodiment, the touch sensing layer and the transparent matrix driving circuit reuse the same set of transparent electrode grids. That is, the ITO row / column electrodes serve as both the driving electrodes for the electrochromic pixels and the sensing electrodes for capacitive touch, eliminating the need for an additional independent touch electrode layer, reducing one conductive layer and one substrate layer, and lowering the overall thickness and cost.

[0056] In this embodiment, the control module drives the transparent electrode grid using time division multiplexing (TDM). A complete TDM cycle... Divided into two time periods: First time period (touch sampling period, duration) ): The control module configures all electrodes to touch detection mode. Touch detection signals are then applied sequentially to the drive electrodes. (Typical amplitude 1V-5V, frequency 100kHz-500kHz), detecting changes in capacitance on the sensing electrode. : in, The vacuum permittivity, The relative permittivity of glass, This refers to the change in effective area caused by finger contact. This refers to the distance between the electrode and the finger. When Exceeding the preset threshold When the touch is detected, it is considered a valid touch, and the touch coordinates are recorded.

[0057] Second time period (display driver time period, duration) ): The control module configures the electrodes to display drive mode and applies a drive voltage corresponding to the target grayscale value to the electrode grid. (Typical amplitude ±1V-±3V).

[0058] In this embodiment, the time-division multiplexing period satisfy: in, To display refresh rate (e.g., 30Hz), Touch sampling period The duty cycle is 10%-30% to ensure real-time touch detection; display driving period The duty cycle is 70%-90% to ensure sufficient display driver performance.

[0059] In this embodiment, to avoid mutual interference between the touch detection signal and the display driving signal, a guard interval (duration) is set between the two time periods. During this period, all electrodes are grounded or floating, releasing parasitic charges.

[0060] Example 8 This invention provides environmental perception and intelligent interaction technology.

[0061] In this embodiment, the system also includes an ambient light sensor, an in-vehicle camera, and a communication interface with the vehicle's ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar. The ambient light sensor is installed inside the window frame to collect real-time data on the intensity of ambient light outside the vehicle. (Unit: lux).

[0062] In this embodiment, the control module dynamically adjusts the background grayscale of the display area based on the signal from the ambient light sensor. Compared to handwriting grayscale Contrast between : in, and The brightness (cd / m²) of the handwriting and background, respectively, and their relationship with the grayscale value are as follows: Control module according to Adaptive adjustment and This makes the contrast... Maintain within the preset range Inside (e.g.) , This ensures that the displayed content is clearly legible under different lighting conditions.

[0063] In this embodiment, an in-vehicle camera is installed behind the steering wheel or on the A-pillar to capture images of the driver's face. The control module determines the driver's gaze direction using an image recognition algorithm (such as deep learning-based facial landmark detection). Let the coordinates of the driver's pupil center in the image be... Line of sight vector Calculated using the head pose estimation model: in, For head rotation matrix, , , These are pitch angle, yaw angle, and roll angle, respectively. This is the baseline line-of-sight vector for looking straight ahead.

[0064] If it is determined that the driver's line of sight deviates from the road ahead by more than a preset threshold (such as yaw angle), or pitch angle If the system is set to "safety-related", then non-safety-related entertainment content (such as videos and game screens) displayed on the passenger side window or rear window will be automatically hidden, and only safety-related information (such as navigation prompts and blind spot warnings) will be retained.

[0065] In this embodiment, in response to a privacy mode activation command (such as a user's voice command "activate privacy" or a touch menu selection), the control module acquires passenger seat position information (from a seat occupancy sensor or an in-vehicle camera). The pixel units corresponding to the currently displayed content are divided into a main viewing area and a privacy area. Let the passenger's eye position be... pixel unit The normal vector is Then the angle between the line-of-sight vector and the normal vector for: The control module will (like The pixel units within the range are divided into the main viewing area to maintain normal display; The pixel units within the range are divided into privacy zones, and the pixel units in the privacy zones are controlled to appear dark ( It can be either a mirror state (highly reflective state) or a mirror state (highly reflective state), so that only viewers within a preset viewing angle can see the displayed content clearly.

[0066] In this embodiment, when an obstacle warning signal is received from the ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar, the control module parses the obstacle information in the CAN message to determine the vehicle's lateral position (left or right) corresponding to the warning signal. Let the obstacle distance be... (Unit: m) A flashing warning icon is generated at the edge of the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer of the window corresponding to this lateral orientation. Flashing frequency. Inversely proportional to the distance to the obstacle: in, The maximum flicker frequency (e.g., 4Hz). This is a safe distance threshold (e.g., 10m). When hour, (No alert displayed). Grayscale of the alert icon. Creates high contrast with the background (e.g.) ,background ), and at a preset frequency The flashing light alerts the driver to side obstacles.

[0067] Example 9 This invention provides a bistable state maintenance and battery protection technology after the vehicle is turned off.

[0068] In this embodiment, the control module is also connected to the vehicle's power management system (BMS) and utilizes the bistable properties of the electrochromic material to achieve zero-power maintenance of the static display. The bistable property means that after the electrochromic material reaches the target grayscale by applying a driving voltage, its optical state can still be maintained for a long time without an electric field (memory effect), even if the driving voltage is removed. The maintenance time can be from several hours to several days.

[0069] In this embodiment, even after the vehicle is turned off, the control module maintains power to the content already displayed in the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer. This power supply is not continuous driving, but rather applies a very small holding current. (Or, short pulses can be applied periodically to compensate for charge leakage), so that the current required to maintain power supply is less than 10mA. Calculated using a typical car window (6 megapixels), the holding current per pixel is less than 1.7μA, resulting in extremely low power consumption.

[0070] In this embodiment, the holding current is applied as follows: every holding cycle (e.g., 60s) Apply a short compensation pulse (amplitude) to all non-fully transparent pixel units. Duration This compensates for charge leakage caused by ion migration. The average holding power consumption is: in, The number of pixels that are not fully transparent. This represents the total number of pixels. It is useful when displaying sparse content (such as only a small amount of text). It can be as low as 1mW or less.

[0071] In this embodiment, the control module monitors the vehicle battery voltage via the BMS. If the battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold (For example, 11.5V corresponds to the minimum safe voltage of a 12V lead-acid battery), then the control module will force all pixel units to switch to a fully transparent state. The system will completely disconnect the power to prevent the battery from over-discharging and preventing the vehicle from starting. Before disconnecting the power, the control module saves the current display content (such as notes) to a non-volatile memory (such as EEPROM), and restores the display after the vehicle is powered on again.

[0072] Example 10 This invention provides a control method for intelligent automotive dimming display glass, applicable to automotive glass containing a high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: System Initialization Perform a power-on self-test on the control module, touch sensor layer, and high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer. The self-test includes: memory read / write test, touch sensor layer electrode connectivity test, and pixel array row / column drive circuit short / open circuit detection.

[0074] Load the pre-calibrated touch-pixel coordinate mapping relationship (transformation matrix) ), Parallel electrode resistance compensation parameter table Gray-scale response calibration data for each pixel unit And grayscale gamma lookup table.

[0075] Establish a communication connection with the vehicle's CAN bus and register the window node identifier.

[0076] Step S2: Command Listening Multiple input sources are monitored in an event-driven manner: touch sensing layer (detecting finger touch), vehicle main controller (sending scene call commands via CAN bus), and ambient light sensor (automatically triggering dimming).

[0077] In low-power standby mode, only touch monitoring and bus communication functions are retained. The system enters sleep mode and waits for a wake-up event.

[0078] Step S3: Data Analysis The received input data is classified and parsed: Touch trajectory data: sent to the handwriting processing unit for coordinate mapping, filtering and smoothing, and grayscale calculation. Scene invocation command: Sends the command to the scene execution unit to read the dimming parameters and display content from the scene database. Brightness adjustment command: Send to the dimming control unit to calculate the target transmittance. Step S4: Coordinate Mapping and Gray Scale Calculation Touch physical coordinates Through the precalibration matrix Transformed into pixel logical coordinates : Kalman filtering is applied to smooth continuous coordinates, and the target grayscale value of each target pixel is determined based on the displayed content. .

[0079] Step S5: Drive signal generation Based on the target grayscale value Converted to theoretical driving voltage via a gamma lookup table Then, the data is calibrated at the pixel level. Corrected to actual drive voltage .

[0080] Based on the column position of the target pixel unit Query the row electrode resistance compensation parameter table to perform amplitude compensation on the data voltage: Generate PWM drive signal, duty cycle The target pixel unit is addressed and driven by a passive matrix scanning method.

[0081] Step S6: Execution A driving voltage is applied to the target pixel unit to drive the electrochromic material to undergo a redox reaction. Ion implantation / extraction changes the optical absorption characteristics, resulting in a grayscale image on the glass.

[0082] During the response time period of the optical state switching of the dimming and color-changing display layer (the "window period" of the electrochemical reaction), a touch sampling window is inserted. During the touch sampling window, the drive signal output is paused, allowing the touch sensing layer to complete coordinate acquisition without electric field interference.

[0083] Step S7: Low Power Consumption Once the displayed content stabilizes, the non-core circuits (high-frequency clock, inactive row and column drive channels) are turned off, and the display is maintained by utilizing the bistable properties of the electrochromic material.

[0084] When a valid touch event is detected, only the driving circuitry of the row and column area corresponding to the touch coordinates is activated (partial zone wake-up), while non-touch-related areas remain in a low-power state. A new touch or command can wake up the system within 10 milliseconds to continue the execution process.

[0085] If the current task is completed and there is no new input, the system returns to standby mode, waiting for the next event to be triggered.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart vehicle-mounted dimming display glass, characterized in that, include: The four-layer structure from the outside in consists of a first light-transmitting substrate, a high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer, a touch sensing layer, and a second light-transmitting substrate. The touch sensing layer is used to sense external touch operations and generate touch signals. The high-zone dimming color-changing display layer includes: multiple independently controllable pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit containing electrochromic material, used to achieve multi-level grayscale changes under the action of an electric field; A transparent matrix driving circuit, connected to multiple pixel units, is used to provide an independent driving signal for each pixel unit; The control module is electrically connected to the transparent matrix driving circuit and the touch sensing layer respectively. The control module is configured to: map the coordinate data of the touch event to the logical coordinates of the pixel unit array, generate the corresponding target gray value, generate a driving signal based on the target gray value, and drive the target pixel unit through the transparent matrix driving circuit to perform matrix addressing driving, so that the dimming color-changing layer presents a gray image corresponding to the touch event at the target pixel unit. The vehicle-mounted main controller communicates with the control modules corresponding to each window via the vehicle bus, and is used to distribute display instructions to the target window and coordinate data synchronization between multiple windows.

2. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent matrix driving circuit adopts a passive matrix architecture, including mutually insulated and vertically intersecting row electrode arrays and column electrode arrays, with each pixel unit located at the intersection of the row electrode and column electrode. The control module addresses pixel units by scanning line by line; The control module's memory stores a row electrode resistance compensation parameter table, which records the voltage attenuation caused by the row electrode resistance at different column positions. When performing matrix addressing drive, the control module queries the compensation parameter table according to the column position of the target pixel unit, performs amplitude compensation on the data voltage and then applies it to the corresponding column electrode; Electrically isolated trenches are formed between pixel units through laser-induced etching or photolithography. The trenches are filled with optically transparent insulating material to prevent optical and electrical crosstalk between pixel units.

3. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The memory of the control module also stores grayscale response calibration data for each pixel unit. The grayscale response calibration data characterizes the deviation relationship between the actual optical response of the corresponding pixel unit under different driving voltages and the theoretical target grayscale. When generating the driving signal, the control module calls the corresponding grayscale response calibration data according to the address of the target pixel unit, performs nonlinear compensation on the target grayscale value, and generates the calibrated actual driving parameters. The control module also has a built-in grayscale gamma lookup table, which stores the mapping relationship between the target grayscale value and the driving voltage after nonlinear correction. The mapping relationship is pre-calibrated according to the electrochemical response curve of the electrochromic material, so that the actual optical response of the pixel unit has a linear correspondence with the target grayscale value.

4. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is also configured to: analyze the touch trajectory captured by the touch sensing layer in real time, map the coordinate sequence of the touch trajectory to the corresponding pixel unit of the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer, and drive the corresponding pixel unit to become dark to simulate the visual effect of writing or drawing; the control module is also used to generate note data according to user operation and store it in local memory in the data format of coordinate point sequence and stroke timing.

5. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a communication interface connected to the control module. The control module communicates with the vehicle's main controller via the communication interface through the CAN bus to receive scene call commands from the vehicle's central control screen or voice recognition system. The scene call commands include preset dimming parameters and display content data. The control module also supports multi-window collaborative display function: it receives a note data package drawn and sent by the user on any window, and sends the note data package to the control module of one or more other target windows of the vehicle via the CAN bus, so that the same note content is reproduced on their respective high-zone dimming and color-changing display layers. For continuous handwriting that spans multiple windows, the control module divides and aligns the display content according to the geometric positional relationship of each window.

6. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is also used to: shut down non-core circuits except for touch monitoring and communication interfaces after the display content stabilizes, and enter a low-power standby state; and wake up the system within a preset time when a new touch signal or instruction is received; the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer also includes a solid electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer, which together with the electrochromic material form an all-solid-state thin film stacked structure; the control module is also used to apply a pre-charge pulse before outputting the drive signal, the amplitude of the pre-charge pulse being lower than the initial amplitude of the drive signal, in order to shorten the response time of the electrochromic material; the control module generates a PWM drive signal based on the target grayscale value, and controls the effective voltage pulse width applied to the pixel unit by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so as to control the amount of ion migration in the electrochromic material and realize the continuous grayscale change of the pixel unit between the transparent state and the dark state.

7. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The touch sensing layer and the transparent matrix driving circuit reuse the same set of transparent electrode grids; the control module drives the transparent electrode grids in a time-division multiplexing manner: in the first time period, the electrode grids are scanned to detect capacitance changes, thereby obtaining touch coordinates; in the second time period, a driving voltage corresponding to the target grayscale value is applied to the electrode grids.

8. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an ambient light sensor, an in-vehicle camera, and a communication interface with the vehicle's ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar; the control module is also used to: dynamically adjust the contrast between the background grayscale and the handwriting grayscale of the display area based on the signal from the ambient light sensor; determine the driver's line of sight based on the image recognition results from the in-vehicle camera; and automatically hide non-safety-related entertainment content displayed on the passenger side window or rear window if the driver's line of sight is determined to deviate from the road ahead by more than a preset threshold. In response to the command to activate the privacy mode, the system obtains passenger seat position information and divides the pixel units corresponding to the currently displayed content into a main viewing area and a privacy area. It controls the pixel units in the privacy area to appear dark or mirrored, so that only viewers within the preset viewing range can clearly see the displayed content. When an obstacle warning signal is received from the ADAS system or blind spot monitoring radar, the system determines the vehicle's lateral orientation corresponding to the warning signal. At the edge area of ​​the high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer of the window corresponding to that lateral orientation, a flashing warning icon is generated with a preset frequency and contrast. The flashing frequency is inversely proportional to the distance to the obstacle.

9. The intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is also connected to the vehicle's power management system and utilizes the bistable characteristics of the electrochromic material to achieve zero power consumption maintenance for static display. When the vehicle is turned off, the control module continues to supply power to the content already displayed in the high-zone dimming color-changing display layer, and the current of this power supply is less than 10mA. At the same time, the control module monitors the vehicle's battery voltage. If the battery voltage is lower than a preset threshold, it will forcibly switch all pixel units to a fully transparent state and completely cut off the power.

10. A control method for an intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass, applied to the intelligent vehicle-mounted dimming display glass described in claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: System initialization steps: Perform power-on self-test on the control module, touch sensing layer, and high-zone dimming and color-changing display layer; load the pre-calibrated touch-pixel coordinate mapping relationship, row electrode resistance compensation parameter table, grayscale response calibration data and grayscale gamma lookup table for each pixel unit; Command listening steps: Listen to touch input, vehicle bus commands and environmental signals in an event-driven manner, and retain only touch listening and bus communication functions in low-power standby mode; Data parsing steps: The received input data is classified and parsed, the touch trajectory data is sent to the handwriting processing unit, the scene call command is sent to the scene execution unit, and the brightness adjustment command is sent to the dimming control unit; Coordinate mapping and grayscale calculation steps: Transform the physical coordinates of the touch into pixel logical coordinates through a pre-calibration matrix, filter and smooth the continuous coordinates, and determine the target grayscale value of each target pixel according to the displayed content; Drive signal generation steps: Based on the target gray value and the gray response calibration data of the corresponding pixel, nonlinear compensation is performed on the target gray value to generate a calibrated PWM drive signal; The row electrode resistance compensation parameter table is queried according to the column position of the target pixel unit to perform amplitude compensation on the data voltage; the target pixel unit is addressed and driven by the row-by-row scanning method of the passive matrix; The execution steps are as follows: A driving voltage is applied to the target pixel unit to drive the electrochromic material to undergo an optical state change, thereby presenting a grayscale image on the glass; During the response time period of the optical state switching of the dimming and color-changing display layer, a touch sampling window is inserted, and the drive signal output is paused during the touch sampling window; Low-power maintenance steps: After the display content stabilizes, non-core circuits are turned off, and the display is maintained by utilizing the bistable characteristics of electrochromic materials; when a valid touch event is detected, only the driving circuits of the row and column areas corresponding to the touch coordinates are awakened until a new input event triggers a full wake-up.

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