A construction branch hole three-dimensional design method and device based on a 3DE platform

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of three-dimensional design, and particularly relates to a construction branch hole three-dimensional design method and device based on a 3DE platform. According to a branch hole three-dimensional center line and a main hole three-dimensional center line selected by a user in the 3DE platform, spatial relationship calculation is performed to obtain spatial correlation parameters of the branch hole and the main hole. According to branch hole segmentation parameters input by the user in an interactive interface and each segmentation template corresponding to the branch hole segmentation parameters selected in a parameterized template library, template types and initial parameters of each segment of the branch hole to be generated are determined. According to the spatial correlation parameters and the branch hole segmentation parameters, initial parameters of each segmentation template are assigned and updated to generate each segmentation template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information. According to each segmentation template instance and the branch hole three-dimensional center line, a three-dimensional branch hole model arranged in order of stake numbers is generated in the 3DE platform to realize automatic assembly and continuous combination of the segmentation model and improve design efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional design, and specifically to a three-dimensional design method and apparatus for construction adits based on a 3DE platform. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, construction adits (construction auxiliary passages) are important temporary passages connecting the main tunnel to the ground surface or connecting the main tunnel to other caverns, used for transportation, ventilation, drainage, and material supply during the construction period. With the development of 3D digital design technology, 3D design methods for construction adits based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) platforms have been gradually applied to engineering practice.

[0003] Currently, the industry mainly offers the following types of 3D design technology solutions for construction adits:

[0004] (1) Two-dimensional CAD-aided design method based on general CAD platform

[0005] Traditional design primarily relies on 2D drafting software such as AutoCAD, manually drawing plan and longitudinal profile diagrams to represent the route and structural form of construction tunnels. Designers need to manually calculate parameters such as station numbers, elevations, and slopes, and then create 3D models based on 2D drawings, resulting in low design efficiency and a high risk of errors.

[0006] (2) Three-dimensional design method based on road design software

[0007] Some projects utilize road design software such as Weidi and Hongye for the design of construction adits. This type of software offers functions such as horizontal curve design, longitudinal profile design, and cross-section design, and can generate 3D road models. However, this software is primarily designed for highways and railways, and its design standards and structural forms differ from those of construction adits in water conservancy and hydropower projects. Furthermore, it is difficult to coordinate design and collision detection with main tunnels and hydraulic structures.

[0008] (3) Manual modeling method based on general 3D modeling platform

[0009] Some design firms use general-purpose 3D modeling software such as Revit and SketchUp to manually create 3D models of construction access tunnels through operations such as extrusion, rotation, and lofting. This method is highly flexible, but the modeling process is cumbersome, has low parametric capabilities, and requires remodeling when design changes are made, making it difficult to achieve batch and standardized design.

[0010] (4) Preliminary 3D design method based on 3DE platform

[0011] In recent years, some organizations have attempted to use the Dassault Systèmes 3DEXPERIENCE (3DE) platform for 3D design of construction tunnels. This method utilizes the Civil3DDesign module of the 3DE platform for route design and combines it with knowledge engineering templates (UDFs) for the 3D layout of structures such as tunnel portals, tunnel bodies, and excavation faces, which improves design efficiency and model accuracy to a certain extent.

[0012] In existing methods, the three-dimensional layout of construction adits requires designers to manually select the portal template, excavation face template, and lining template for each section, and set parameters for each one individually. The parameters of each template are independent of each other; for example, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel lining and the cross-sectional dimensions of the excavation face need to be set separately, which can easily lead to design inconsistencies. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional design method and device for construction adits based on the 3DE platform, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0014] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0015] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a three-dimensional design method for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, comprising:

[0016] Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, spatial relationship calculation is performed to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel.

[0017] Based on the tunnel segmentation parameters input by the user in the interactive interface, and the segment templates corresponding to the tunnel segmentation parameters selected in the parameterized template library, the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the tunnel to be generated are determined. The tunnel segmentation parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks.

[0018] Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, the initial parameters of each segment template are assigned and updated to generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information;

[0019] Based on the template instances of each segment and the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, a three-dimensional branch tunnel model arranged in sequence according to station number is generated in the 3DE platform.

[0020] Preferably, the step of performing spatial relationship calculations based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user on the 3DE platform to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel includes:

[0021] The intersection point is calculated based on the horizontal projection of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel;

[0022] The station number corresponding to the intersection point is taken as the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel;

[0023] Based on the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel and the longitudinal curve corresponding to the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel, calculate the elevation at the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel, and use it as the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel.

[0024] The length of the branch tunnel is calculated based on the starting and ending station numbers of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0025] The average slope is calculated based on the elevation corresponding to the starting station, the elevation corresponding to the ending station, and the length of the branch tunnel.

[0026] Preferably, the step of assigning and updating the initial parameters of each segment template according to the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters to generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information includes:

[0027] Based on the template parameter setting command triggered by the user, a subpage is opened. The subpage displays adjustable parameters with specific identifiers for each segment template published from the parameterized template library, paginated according to template type.

[0028] Based on the parameter values ​​modified by the user in the subpage, the initial parameters of the corresponding segment template are updated. When the segment template is set to none, the subpage and adjustable parameters corresponding to the segment template are not displayed.

[0029] Preferably, the step of generating a three-dimensional tunnel model arranged in station order in the 3DE platform based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel includes:

[0030] Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, the generation order of each segment template instance is determined in ascending order of station number;

[0031] Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the inlet and outlet station numbers corresponding to each segment template instance, the positioning interval of each segment template instance on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is determined.

[0032] According to the positioning interval, each segment template instance is assembled along the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel to generate each segment branch tunnel model;

[0033] According to the generation order, the segmented branch tunnel models are combined into a continuous three-dimensional branch tunnel model.

[0034] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0035] Based on the line component node to which the branch tunnel belongs, create a set of geometric shapes under the line component node;

[0036] Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, generate each segment support tunnel model in ascending order of station number under the geometric set, and generate the name of each segment support tunnel model according to preset rules;

[0037] Based on the type of each segment template instance, generate the corresponding template instance name. Among them, the tunnel lining template instance directly uses the original name in the template library, the entrance portal template instance or the entrance excavation face template instance adds the "entry" prefix to the original name, and the exit portal template instance or the exit excavation face template instance adds the "exit" prefix to the original name.

[0038] Preferably, while generating the three-dimensional branch tunnel model, the method further includes:

[0039] Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the entrance point, the length of the branch tunnel, and the average slope are created and stored under the line component node where the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is located. The elevation of the entrance point is the elevation at the small station of the branch tunnel, which is obtained from the longitudinal curve of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0040] Preferably, the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is obtained by the following method:

[0041] Based on the CAD format plane curve imported by the user or any spatial curve created by the user in the 3DE platform, the endpoint of the curve selected by the user is used as the design starting point.

[0042] Based on the design starting point, the line segment type is identified along the curve direction, and the line segment type includes straight lines and arcs;

[0043] Draw the road horizontal curves with station numbers segment by segment according to the identified line segment types;

[0044] Based on the road horizontal curves, create alignment sets for managing the road horizontal curves and road nodes for identifying curve endpoints;

[0045] Based on the horizontal curve of the road and the longitudinal curve obtained through the longitudinal profile design, the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is generated using the 3DE platform.

[0046] Preferably, the step of using the road horizontal curve and the longitudinal curve obtained through longitudinal profile design includes:

[0047] Based on the current route information, identify and display the starting station number, ending station number, and station number prefix, and display the station number value, elevation, slope, and station number length in a table. The station number length is calculated from the difference between the preceding and following station numbers and is not editable.

[0048] The number of rows in the table is dynamically adjusted based on the user's actions of adding or deleting rows in the table. The rows containing the starting and ending station numbers cannot be deleted.

[0049] Calculate and update the station number length column based on the value entered by the user in the station number column;

[0050] Calculate and update the corresponding slope or elevation based on the values ​​entered by the user in the elevation or slope column, as well as the existing station length;

[0051] Based on the user's selected fixed elevation or fixed slope batch editing mode, the entire column of elevations or slopes is uniformly modified to the user-input values, and the corresponding slopes or elevations are recalculated.

[0052] Preferably, the parameterized template library is obtained through the following method:

[0053] Based on the structural composition of the branch tunnel, create the tunnel entrance template, tunnel body template, and excavation face template respectively;

[0054] Based on the geometric positioning requirements of each template, the input elements of each template are defined, including the road centerline, starting station number, and ending station number;

[0055] Publish the adjustable parameters for each template according to the preset parameter naming convention;

[0056] Each completed design template is stored in the template model library at a specified level in the 3DE platform to form a parametric template library.

[0057] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a three-dimensional design device for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, comprising:

[0058] The spatial relationship calculation module is used to perform spatial relationship calculation based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, and to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel.

[0059] The determination module is used to determine the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the branch tunnel to be generated based on the branch tunnel segment parameters input by the user in the interactive interface and the segment templates corresponding to the branch tunnel segment parameters selected in the parameterized template library. The branch tunnel segment parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks information.

[0060] The update module is used to assign and update the initial parameters of each segment template according to the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segment parameters, and generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information.

[0061] The generation module is used to generate a three-dimensional tunnel model arranged in station number order in the 3DE platform based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0063] Based on the 3D centerlines of the branch tunnel and the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, spatial relationship calculations are performed to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel. This enables the automatic calculation of the intersection point location, intersection elevation, branch tunnel length, and average slope. Based on the branch tunnel segment parameters input by the user in the interactive interface and the segment templates selected from the parametric template library, the template type and initial parameters for each segment of the branch tunnel to be generated are determined, achieving segmentation and template-based design of the branch tunnel. The initial parameters of each segment template are assigned and updated based on the spatial association parameters and branch tunnel segment parameters, generating segment template instances containing complete geometric and attribute information, achieving spatial association assignment of template parameters. Based on the segment template instances and the branch tunnel's 3D centerline, a 3D branch tunnel model arranged in station number order is generated, achieving automatic assembly and continuous combination of segment models. Compared to traditional methods that require manually assembling multiple independent model parts and adjusting their positions one by one, this step automatically arranges the segments in ascending order of station number, positions each segment template instance along the 3D centerline of the tunnel to the corresponding station number interval, and handles the joint relationship between the end faces of adjacent segments. This ensures that the final 3D tunnel model maintains the flexibility of independent editing of each segment while guaranteeing the geometric continuity of the overall model and the correctness of the station number order. Attached Figure Description

[0064] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0065] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the 3D design method for construction adits based on the 3DE platform provided by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork for the construction support tunnel provided by the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork for the entrance and exit portal of the construction adit provided by the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation template for the construction support tunnel opening provided by the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 The construction adit layout diagram provided by this invention;

[0070] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 3DE import of the construction support tunnel axis provided by the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid flat curve design provided by the present invention;

[0072] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation point design provided by the present invention;

[0073] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the layout interface of the No. 3 construction adit model provided by the present invention;

[0074] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the construction support tunnel model provided by the present invention;

[0075] Figure 11 A schematic representation of the characteristics of the in-field passageway branch line provided by the present invention;

[0076] Figure 12 The isometric drawing of the construction support tunnel provided by this invention;

[0077] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a 3D design device for construction adits based on the 3DE platform provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0078] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0080] It should be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signals, information, or data in this invention are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the locality and with authorization from the owner of the relevant device.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a three-dimensional design method for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, comprising:

[0083] S1. Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, perform spatial relationship calculation to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel;

[0084] The three-dimensional centerline of the adit refers to the geometric axis of the construction adit in three-dimensional space, generated by superimposing a planar curve (horizontally aligned) and a longitudinal profile curve (vertically aligned). This centerline defines the spatial orientation of the adit from its inlet to its outlet and serves as the basic positioning basis for subsequent adit model layout. For example, the three-dimensional curve with stationing generated by the road design module in the 3DE platform is the three-dimensional centerline of the adit.

[0085] The three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel refers to the geometric axis of the main tunnel or main chamber in three-dimensional space, and is also composed of horizontal and vertical curves. The centerline of the main tunnel is used to determine the spatial intersection point between the main tunnel and the auxiliary tunnel. For example, the centerline of the main tunnel of a water conveyance tunnel.

[0086] Spatial relationship calculation refers to the process of automatically calculating the relative positional parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel based on the geometric information of two three-dimensional centerlines. The calculation results are output as spatial correlation parameters, including the intersection point location, intersection point elevation, branch tunnel length, average slope, etc.

[0087] Spatial correlation parameters are a set of quantitative data describing the spatial connection between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel. These parameters include the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel, the elevation of the intersection point, the elevation of the entrance point, the length of the branch tunnel, and the average slope. These parameters are used for automatic assignment of values ​​to subsequent template instances and data extraction for engineering drawings.

[0088] In this step, the system first acquires the data of two user-selected 3D centerlines. One represents the spatial axis of the construction adit, and the other represents the spatial axis of the main tunnel. The system extracts the horizontal projection curves from the adit's 3D centerline and the main tunnel's 3D centerline. The two horizontal projection curves are placed in the same plane coordinate system, and the coordinates of their intersection point are calculated. If multiple intersection points exist, the one closest to the adit's starting point is selected as the design connection point. After obtaining the intersection point coordinates, the system reverse-calculates these coordinates to the stationing system of the main tunnel's 3D centerline, outputting the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel. Subsequently, based on this station number, the system interpolates and calculates the corresponding elevation in the longitudinal profile curve of the main tunnel's 3D centerline, outputting the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel. Simultaneously, the system reads the starting and ending station numbers from the adit's 3D centerline, subtracting the starting station number from the ending station number to obtain the adit length. The system also reads the elevation values ​​at the starting and ending station numbers, divides the elevation difference by the adit length, and multiplies by 100% to obtain the average slope. The above calculation process can be completed based on the platform's built-in curve intersection algorithm or numerical interpolation algorithm, or it can be achieved by calling the curve parameterization interface of the geometric kernel. Compared with manually measuring intersection points on drawings or using external tools to calculate in segments, this automatic solution method eliminates the deviation caused by visual judgment and manual input, so that the positioning parameters of the branch tunnel and the main tunnel are determined before the model is generated.

[0089] In some implementations, S1, based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user on the 3DE platform, spatial relationship calculation is performed to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel, including:

[0090] S11. Calculate the intersection point based on the horizontal projection of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel;

[0091] Horizontal projection refers to the vertical projection of a three-dimensional spatial curve onto a horizontal plane (such as the XOY plane or a plane with zero elevation in the geodetic coordinate system) to obtain a two-dimensional curve. The projection process ignores elevation changes in the curve, retaining only planar coordinate information. The intersection point refers to the coordinates of the point where two horizontally projected curves intersect in planar geometry, including both X and Y coordinates. If two curves have multiple intersection points, the intersection point closest to the starting point of the branch tunnel can be selected as the design connection point.

[0092] The system first acquires the 3D centerlines of the branch tunnel and the main tunnel selected by the user in step S1. For each centerline, the system extracts the sequence of control points or parametric expressions from its geometric definition. Then, the system temporarily sets the Z-coordinate (or elevation coordinate) of each point on the two centerlines to zero, generating two horizontal projection curves. This operation can be achieved by calling the curve projection function of the 3D platform, or by iterating through the sampled points of the curves, discarding elevation values, and then refitting the curves. After obtaining the two planar curves, the system calls the geometric solver to calculate their intersection. The solver can use a curve intersection algorithm, such as discretizing the curves into line segments and then finding the intersection points, or using the parametric equations of the curves for numerical iteration. The obtained intersection coordinates are stored in planar coordinate form. If the solver returns multiple intersection points, the system further calculates the curve length between each intersection point and the starting point of the branch tunnel's 3D centerline, selecting the intersection point with the smallest curve length as the final intersection point. If the two horizontal projection curves have no intersection, the system can return a null value and prompt the user to check whether the spatial arrangement of the branch tunnel and the main tunnel is reasonable. This intersection method based on horizontal projection avoids the complex calculations caused by elevation differences when directly finding intersections in three-dimensional space, and is suitable for common engineering scenarios where branch tunnels and main tunnels intersect at different elevation planes.

[0093] S12. Take the station number corresponding to the intersection point as the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel;

[0094] The station number refers to the accumulated length along the centerline of the road or tunnel from the starting point, used to locate any point on the centerline. The station number at the intersection with the main tunnel refers to the station number of the point on the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel that corresponds to the intersection point obtained in step S11. This station number identifies the location of the projection connection point of the branch tunnel centerline on the main tunnel centerline, and is a key parameter for subsequent elevation calculations and engineering positioning.

[0095] Specifically, after obtaining the planar coordinates of the intersection point, the system uses these coordinates as the target point. The system acquires the geometric definition of the main tunnel's three-dimensional centerline, including its horizontal projection curve and station mapping relationship. The station mapping can be automatically maintained by the platform's road design module, meaning each point on the centerline is associated with an arc length value starting from the starting point. The system maps the planar coordinates of the intersection point onto the horizontal projection curve of the main tunnel's three-dimensional centerline, finding the point on the curve closest to these coordinates. Since the intersection point itself is the intersection of two projection curves, theoretically, this point lies simultaneously on both the branch tunnel's projection curve and the main tunnel's projection curve; therefore, the mapping result should be an exact match. The system reads the arc length value corresponding to this point from the main tunnel's centerline stationing system; this arc length value is the main tunnel's station number. The system stores this station number as the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel. If the main tunnel's centerline station number is prefixed with K or P, the system retains this prefix format. For example, if the arc length corresponding to the intersection point is 1234.567 meters and the station number prefix is ​​K, then the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel is represented as K1+234.567. This station number can be directly used to look up elevations on longitudinal curves, and can also be used to mark connection locations on engineering drawings. Compared to manually measuring the coordinates of intersection points from the plan view and then converting them to station numbers, this process is fully automated and eliminates measurement errors.

[0096] S13. Calculate the elevation at the intersection point with the main tunnel based on the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel and the longitudinal curve corresponding to the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel, and use it as the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel.

[0097] The longitudinal curve describes the elevation changes along the centerline of a road or tunnel, stored as a two-dimensional curve with station number as the abscissa and elevation as the ordinate. The longitudinal curve, together with the horizontal projection curve, defines the complete spatial form of the three-dimensional centerline. The elevation at the intersection with the main tunnel refers to the elevation value of the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel at the station number corresponding to the intersection with the main tunnel, expressed in meters. This elevation is used to determine the docking elevation of the floor or arch when the branch tunnel connects to the main tunnel.

[0098] Specifically, the system obtains the station number value of the intersection point with the main tunnel output from step S12, as well as the longitudinal curve object associated with the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel. The longitudinal curve can be stored in a vertically aligned form in the 3DE platform, internally maintaining a mapping function from station number to elevation. This function may be a piecewise linear function (composed of multiple slope change points) or a spline curve function. The system uses the intersection station number as an input parameter and calls the longitudinal curve's evaluation interface. This interface locates the corresponding segment interval based on the station number value and calculates the corresponding elevation value using linear interpolation or spline interpolation. For example, if the intersection station number is located between two slope change points, the system calculates the elevation at the intersection station number according to the slope ratio based on the elevation of the previous slope change point, the elevation of the next slope change point, and the station number length between them. The system stores the calculated elevation value as the intersection point elevation with the main tunnel. This elevation value is rounded to two decimal places. This value directly reflects the vertical alignment relationship at the connection between the branch tunnel entrance and the main tunnel sidewall. If the elevation of the bottom slab at the entrance of the branch tunnel needs to be aligned with a certain feature point on the sidewall of the main tunnel, the designer can adjust the longitudinal section design of the branch tunnel based on this elevation. Compared to manually reading from the longitudinal section drawings or manually calculating using interpolation formulas, this method extracts directly from the model data, ensuring data consistency and traceability.

[0099] S14. Calculate the length of the branch tunnel based on the starting and ending station numbers of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel;

[0100] The starting point station number refers to the station number corresponding to the starting point on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, which can be the station number at the entrance of the branch tunnel. The ending point station number refers to the station number corresponding to the ending point on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, which can be the station number at the connection between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel or at the exit. The branch tunnel length refers to the actual curve length measured along the centerline from the starting point to the ending point of the branch tunnel, in meters. This length is the basic data for quantity surveying and cost estimation.

[0101] Specifically, the system obtains the geometric definition of the three-dimensional centerline of the adit. The three-dimensional centerline of the adit can exist as a parametric curve in the platform, and its total arc length attribute is automatically maintained. The system directly reads this total arc length value as the adit length. Another implementation method is to read the values ​​of the starting and ending station numbers separately. Since the station number itself is the accumulated arc length starting from the starting point, the difference between the ending and starting station numbers is the adit length. If the starting station number is not zero, the adit length is equal to the difference between the ending and starting station numbers. For example, if the starting station number is K0+100 and the ending station number is K0+860, then the adit length is 760 meters. The system stores this difference as the adit length parameter. This length represents the actual excavation distance of the adit, distinct from the horizontal projection length. In the design of construction adits, the adit length directly affects transportation time, ventilation requirements, and workload. Compared to measuring on the plan or copying from design documents, this step directly obtains the data from the three-dimensional centerline station system, ensuring the geometric consistency of the length data with the centerline.

[0102] S15. Calculate the average slope based on the elevation corresponding to the starting station, the elevation corresponding to the ending station, and the length of the branch tunnel.

[0103] The elevation corresponding to the starting station refers to the elevation value at the starting station location on the longitudinal curve of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel. The elevation corresponding to the ending station refers to the elevation value at the ending station location on the longitudinal curve of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel. The average slope refers to the rate of change of elevation of the branch tunnel from the starting point to the ending point, expressed as a percentage. The formula for calculating the average slope is: the difference between the ending elevation and the starting elevation, divided by the length of the branch tunnel, and then multiplied by 100%.

[0104] The system first acquires the longitudinal curve object associated with the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel. Using the starting station number as input, the system calls the longitudinal curve's evaluation interface to obtain the starting elevation. Similarly, using the ending station number as input, it obtains the ending elevation. The system retrieves the tunnel length value from step S14. Subsequently, the system calculates the difference between the ending and starting elevations to obtain the elevation difference. If the ending elevation is higher than the starting elevation, the elevation difference is positive, indicating an uphill slope; otherwise, it's a downhill slope. The system divides the elevation difference by the tunnel length to obtain the slope ratio. Finally, this ratio is multiplied by 100 to convert it into a percentage of the average slope. For example, if the elevation difference is 30 meters and the tunnel length is 1000 meters, the average slope is 3%. The system stores the calculation result as an average slope parameter. This slope value is used for vehicle climbing ability verification, drainage direction design, and construction ventilation scheme formulation. Compared to the method of using the ratio of the elevation difference between the two endpoints to the horizontal distance, this step uses the curve length along the centerline instead of the horizontal projection length, more realistically reflecting the actual slope experience of the vehicle.

[0105] S2. Based on the branch tunnel segment parameters input by the user in the interactive interface, and the segment templates corresponding to the branch tunnel segment parameters selected in the parameterized template library, determine the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the branch tunnel to be generated. The branch tunnel segment parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks.

[0106] The interactive interface refers to a graphical user dialog box customized through secondary development within the 3DE platform, used to receive user input of branch segmentation parameters. This interface can include controls such as input boxes, drop-down menus, and tables, allowing users to complete parameter settings without writing code.

[0107] The segmentation parameters of a construction adit refer to the set of design data corresponding to each segment when a construction adit is divided into several independent segments according to the support type, cross-sectional dimensions, or construction method. The segment name is used to identify the segment (such as straight segment, turning segment, reinforced segment); the inlet station number defines the starting position of the segment on the centerline of the adit; the outlet station number defines the ending position; and the remarks information is used for additional explanations (such as support type or special construction requirements).

[0108] A parametric template library refers to a collection of reusable model elements pre-created and stored in the 3DE platform. Each template element has adjustable parameters, and by modifying the parameter values, instances of different sizes or shapes can be generated. The template library is organized by category; for example, portal templates, tunnel lining templates, and excavation face templates are stored in different directories.

[0109] Segment templates refer to specific template units selected from the parametric template library for generating a 3D model of a specific section of a tunnel. Types of segment templates include tunnel lining templates, entrance portal templates, exit portal templates, entrance excavation face templates, and exit excavation face templates. For example, for a 500-meter-long tunnel section, a user can select a Type A lining template; for the entrance, a user can select a single-tunnel face template.

[0110] Initial parameters refer to the set of adjustable parameters in the segment template that have not yet been assigned values ​​or only have default values. These parameters are defined by parameters published when the template is created, such as section width, section height, arch thickness, and sidewall thickness. The initial parameters await updates in subsequent steps based on spatial association parameters and segment parameters.

[0111] In this step, the system first presents an interactive interface containing input boxes for segment name, inlet station number, outlet station number, and remarks, as well as multiple drop-down selectors for template selection. Users can sequentially fill in the above information for a segment of the adit. Based on the values ​​provided by the user in the inlet and outlet station number input boxes, the system determines the length range of the segment and checks for overlap or gaps with adjacent segments. If the user does not manually input station numbers, the system automatically reads the start and end points as default values ​​based on the previously selected 3D centerline of the adit. For template selection, the system automatically scans the predefined categories in the parametric template library, filling the portal template drop-down menu with portal templates, the tunnel body template drop-down menu with tunnel body templates, and the excavation face template drop-down menu with excavation face templates. After the user selects a template from each drop-down menu, the system records the template's storage path and template type. If the user selects "None" for a certain part, it means that no corresponding template instance is generated for that segment. The system associates each set of segment parameters entered by the user with the selected template, forming a segment record. For multiple segment records, the system sorts them in ascending order of the inlet chainage. The system reads the published initial parameter list from each selected template, such as the cross-sectional width and height parameters from the tunnel lining template; at this stage, these parameters are not yet bound to specific values. The system combines the segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage, remarks, and the initial parameters of each template to determine the template type and initial parameter set for each segment of the adit to be generated. This approach allows users to complete design input through an interface rather than programming, and supports the mixed use of different types of templates within the same adit, such as using a thick lining template for the first half and a thin lining template for the second half.

[0112] S3. Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, assign and update the initial parameters of each segment template to generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information;

[0113] The assignment and update process refers to writing specific values ​​from spatial association parameters or branch tunnel segment parameters into the initial parameters of each segment template. For example, the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel from the spatial association parameters is written into the bottom elevation parameter of the tunnel portal template, or the inlet station number from the branch tunnel segment parameters is written into the starting station number parameter of the tunnel body template. The updated parameters give the template clear geometric dimensions and positional information.

[0114] A segmented template instance refers to a geometric solid object generated in the 3DE platform after the segmented template has been assigned values. Each instance is an independent three-dimensional body, containing a complete shape (such as an extruded body or a swept body) and attribute data (such as parameter names and values). Multiple segmented template instances are combined to form a complete construction support tunnel model.

[0115] Complete geometric and attribute information: Geometric information refers to the three-dimensional shape data of the template instance, including topological elements such as points, lines, surfaces, and volumes, and their coordinates; attribute information refers to non-geometric data associated with the template instance, such as station number, elevation, material type, and design number. Together, they constitute a complete data unit that can be used for subsequent assembly, statistics, and drawing.

[0116] After obtaining the spatial association parameters output in step S1 and the initial parameters of each segment template determined in step S2, the system begins processing segment records one by one. For each template in each segment record, the system identifies the input interface requirements of that template. For example, the tunnel lining template may require input of a road centerline reference, starting station number, ending station number, cross-sectional width, and cross-sectional height. The system extracts the inlet and outlet station numbers of the segment from the tunnel segment parameters and fills them into the starting and ending station number parameters of the template. If the template also requires a reference to the tunnel's three-dimensional centerline, the system directly passes the tunnel's three-dimensional centerline object selected by the user in step S1 to the template. For cross-sectional dimension parameters, the system can check whether the user has preset values ​​in the interactive interface. If the user has not set them, the system can use the default values ​​saved in the template library or automatically calculate the recommended range of cross-sectional dimensions based on the tunnel length and average slope in the spatial association parameters. For tunnel portal templates, the system may require input of the tunnel's three-dimensional centerline, inlet or outlet station number, and the elevation of the intersection with the main tunnel. The system extracts the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel from the spatial correlation parameters and writes it into the bottom plate elevation parameters of the tunnel portal template; it extracts the inlet or outlet station number from the branch tunnel segment parameters and writes it into the positioning station number parameters of the template. After all parameters are assigned, the system calls the instantiation function of the 3DE platform to combine the geometric definition of each template with the parameter values ​​to generate a specific 3D body. For example, the tunnel lining template sweeps out the tunnel lining entity based on the centerline and the start and end station numbers; the tunnel portal template lays out the tunnel face structure based on the centerline and the intersection elevation. Each generated template instance stores the final values ​​of all its parameters for easy subsequent querying and modification. Compared to manually creating model units one by one and manually aligning their positions, this parameter-passing instantiation method automatically matches the geometric shape of the template with the spatial positioning parameters, avoiding repeated modeling and positional offsets.

[0117] In some implementations, S3 involves assigning and updating the initial parameters of each segment template based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, generating segment template instances containing complete geometric and attribute information, including:

[0118] S31. Based on the template parameter setting instruction triggered by the user, open a subpage. The subpage displays adjustable parameters with specific identifiers for each segment template published from the parameterized template library, paginated according to template type.

[0119] The template parameter setting command refers to the operation command executed by the user on a specific segment template in the interactive interface, such as clicking a button, double-clicking a list item, or selecting an option in the right-click menu. This command triggers the system to enter the template parameter editing mode. A subpage refers to a secondary dialog window that pops up above the main interactive interface, used to centrally display and modify the detailed parameters of the template, avoiding information overload on the main interface. Template type refers to the functional classification of the segment template, including tunnel lining, entrance portal, exit portal, entrance excavation face, and exit excavation face. Each type corresponds to different geometric shapes and design parameter sets. Pagination display refers to the use of tab controls on subpages, with each tab corresponding to a template type. Users can switch between viewing parameters of different types by clicking the tabs. Publish refers to the template creator marking some parameters within the template as externally accessible and modifiable. Unpublished parameters use fixed values ​​during instantiation and cannot be adjusted by the user. Adjustable parameters with specific identifiers refer to parameters marked according to preset naming conventions (e.g., adding specific symbols before parameter names) when the template is created. These parameters can be identified and displayed to the user on the subpage. For example, a parameter name that begins with an asterisk indicates that the parameter can be modified by the user.

[0120] Specifically, the system provides an entry point for template parameter settings for each segment record in the interactive interface of step S2. After selecting a segment record, the user can click the parameter setting button on the interface or right-click to select the parameter setting option, and the system recognizes this operation as a template parameter setting instruction. The system first obtains a list of all templates associated with the currently selected segment, including tunnel lining templates, entrance portal templates, exit portal templates, entrance excavation face templates, and exit excavation face templates. For each template, the system accesses its definition in the parameterized template library. The system reads all published parameters in the template definition and filters out parameter items with specific identifiers. This identifier can be a parameter name prefix (such as an asterisk or underscore) or a tag field in the parameter metadata. The system then creates a subpage containing tabs corresponding to the number of template types. For example, if the current segment contains three templates—tunnel lining, entrance portal, and exit portal—the subpage displays three tabs. The title of each tab uses the name of the template type. Within each tab, the system displays all adjustable parameters for that template in a table or list format. Each row shows the parameter name, current value, unit, and available value range. The system reads the default value for each parameter from the template library as the initial display. The subpage layout can be a two-column layout (parameter name and value input boxes) or a three-column layout (with an additional unit column). For numerical parameters, the system provides input box controls; for enumerated parameters (such as material type), the system provides drop-down selection controls. At the bottom of the subpage are "OK," "Cancel," and "Apply" buttons to confirm or abandon parameter modifications. Compared to directly listing all parameters for all templates on the main interface, this template-type paginated display avoids information overload, allowing users to focus on the template type they need to adjust and reducing visual search time.

[0121] S32. Update the initial parameters of the corresponding segment template according to the parameter values ​​modified by the user in the subpage. When the segment template is set to none, the subpage and adjustable parameters corresponding to the segment template are not displayed.

[0122] The modified parameter values ​​refer to the new values ​​entered by the user in the input controls on the subpage or the new options selected from the drop-down menu. Initial parameters refer to the default parameter values ​​read from the template library in step S2, which have not yet been adjusted according to specific design conditions. Update refers to writing the parameter values ​​entered by the user in the subpage into the parameter storage of the segment template, replacing the original initial values. Set to None means that the user selected the None option in the template selection drop-down menu in step S2, indicating that no template instance of that type will be generated for the current segment. Not Displayed means that when a template type is None, the corresponding tabs and all adjustable parameters within them will not appear on the user interface in the subpage.

[0123] Specifically, after modifying parameters on the subpage, the user clicks the "OK" or "Apply" button. The system captures the current value in each parameter input control and performs a validity check. Validity checks include data type validation (e.g., numeric parameters cannot contain text), range validation (e.g., cross-sectional width cannot be negative or exceed a preset maximum value), and mandatory field validation. If the validation passes, the system stores the new value in a temporary parameter table and marks the corresponding initial parameter as modified. The system then writes the value in the temporary parameter table back to the segment template initial parameter structure determined in step S2. For example, if the user changes the cross-sectional width of the tunnel lining template from 7.5 meters to 8.0 meters, the system updates the cross-sectional width parameter of that segment template to 8.0 meters. If the user clicks the "Cancel" button, the system discards all modifications and keeps the initial parameters unchanged. For template types that are not specified, the system has already recorded that the template identifier for that type is empty in step S2. When the user triggers the template parameter setting instruction, the system checks the validity of each template type before building the subpage. For template types with empty identifiers, the system skips them directly and does not create a tab for them. For example, if a user selects "None" for the "Import Door" section, the "Import Door" tab will not appear on the subpage. If all template types are set to "None," the subpage may be empty or display a message. This on-demand display mechanism prevents users from setting parameters for non-existent templates, avoiding invalid operations and interface clutter. Furthermore, when a user changes a template type from "Existing" to "None," the system automatically removes the corresponding tab the next time the subpage is opened; conversely, when a user changes "None" to a specific template, the subpage dynamically adds the corresponding tab. This dynamic update method ensures that the subpage content always remains consistent with the current selection status of the segment template.

[0124] S4. Based on the template instances of each segment and the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, generate a three-dimensional branch tunnel model arranged in sequence according to the station number in the 3DE platform.

[0125] The chainage sequence refers to the spatial arrangement of chainage values ​​along the centerline of the branch tunnel from smallest to largest. The starting chainage of the branch tunnel is the smallest, and the ending chainage is the largest. The intermediate sections are connected sequentially according to their inlet and outlet chainages. The chainage sequence ensures that the template instances of each segment are spatially continuous and do not overlap.

[0126] A 3D adit model refers to a complete 3D geometric representation of a construction adit, composed of all segmented template instances. This model includes all components such as the adit lining, entrance and exit portals, and excavation faces, and reflects the relative positions and connections of each part. The 3D adit model serves as the primary data source for subsequent engineering drawings, clash detection, and quantity surveying.

[0127] The system collects all segmented template instances generated in step S3 into a temporary list. Based on the inlet chainage value corresponding to each segmented template instance, the system sorts the list, placing the instance with the smallest inlet chainage first and the instance with the largest inlet chainage last. Then, the system processes each instance sequentially according to the sorted order. For tunnel lining instances, the system arranges them along the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, ensuring that the starting end face of the instance is located on the normal plane of the centerline corresponding to the inlet chainage, and the ending end face is located on the normal plane corresponding to the outlet chainage. If the segmented template instance is a tunnel lining instance, for two adjacent tunnel lining instances, the system automatically detects whether their end faces are in contact. If there is a small gap, the system can geometrically stitch the ending end face of the previous instance with the starting end face of the subsequent instance; if there is overlap, the system truncates the starting part of the subsequent instance to avoid interference. If the segmented template instance is a portal instance, the system arranges it at the inlet or outlet end of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, using the tangent direction of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel as the orientation reference for the portal. If the segment template instance is an excavation face instance, the system surrounds it with the tunnel lining instance to form the excavation outline. After completing the spatial positioning of all instances, the system combines each instance under a parent node to form a hierarchical 3D tunnel model. During this process, the system does not change the independent parameters of each segment template instance, but only adjusts their relative positions and combination relationships in the assembly space. The final 3D tunnel model obtained by the user is a continuous structure that can be viewed segment by segment in station order. Compared to manually assembling multiple independent model parts together, this automatic assembly method based on sorting and centerline drive ensures the positional continuity between segments, and when the station parameters of a segment are modified, the system can automatically reorder and adjust the joint positions of adjacent segments.

[0128] In some implementations, S4, based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, generates a three-dimensional branch tunnel model arranged in station number order in the 3DE platform, including:

[0129] S41. Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, determine the generation order of each segment template instance in ascending order of station number;

[0130] The segmented stationing sequence refers to the arrangement sequence formed by the numerical value of the inlet stationing associated with each segment template instance. The smaller the stationing number, the closer the segment is to the starting point on the centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0131] Specifically, each instance internally stores its inbound and outbound station numbers. The system iterates through all segmented template instances, reading the inbound station number of each instance. Since the station number may be in a prefixed format, the system first converts the station number string into a pure number, for example, converting K1+234.567 to 1234.567. The system sorts the inbound station numbers of all instances, using either bubble sort or quicksort algorithms. After sorting, the system assigns a sequence number to each instance in ascending order; this sequence number is the generation order. For example, the instance with inbound station number K0+000 receives sequence 1, the instance with inbound station number K0+860 receives sequence 2, and the instance with inbound station number K1+500 receives sequence 3. The system stores the generation order in the instance's attributes or maintains a separate ordered list. If two instances have the same inbound station number, the system can further compare the outbound station numbers, prioritizing the one with the smaller outbound station number; if they are still equal, it is considered a duplicate segment, and the system can issue a warning and request the user to adjust the segmentation parameters. Once the generation order is determined, subsequent assembly and combination steps will be strictly performed in this order to ensure that the spatial arrangement of each segment is consistent with the direction of station number increment. Compared to random processing or processing according to the order added by the user, this station number-based order determination method avoids segment misalignment caused by human error in the order of operation.

[0132] S42. Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the inlet and outlet station numbers corresponding to each segment template instance, determine the positioning range of each segment template instance on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0133] The positioning interval refers to the continuous length range occupied by each segment template instance along the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, defined by the starting and ending positions. The starting position is determined by the spatial point corresponding to the inlet station on the centerline, and the ending position is determined by the spatial point corresponding to the outlet station on the centerline. This interval determines the starting and ending end faces of the segment template instance on the centerline.

[0134] Specifically, the system obtains the geometric definition of the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel. This centerline is a parametric curve, and the curve parameter can be the arc length (i.e., station number). For each segment template instance, the system reads the inlet and outlet station numbers stored in the instance. Using the inlet station number as the input parameter, the system calls the positioning function of the tunnel's three-dimensional centerline. This function finds the corresponding point on the centerline based on the station number value and returns the three-dimensional coordinates of that point and the tangential direction at that point. The system records this point as the starting point of the positioning interval. Similarly, using the outlet station number as the input parameter, the system finds the corresponding point on the centerline as the ending point of the positioning interval. The curve segment between the starting and ending points is the positioning interval of that segment template instance. The system can further calculate the curve length between the starting and ending points and verify whether this length is consistent with the difference between the outlet station number and the inlet station number. If they are inconsistent, it indicates that there is an anomaly in the centerline station number system. The positioning interval determines the precise position range of the segment template instance on the centerline. For example, if the inlet chainage is K0+100 and the outlet chainage is K0+860, the positioning interval extends from 100 meters to 860 meters from the starting point on the centerline. The system stores this positioning interval as the coordinates of the starting point, the coordinates of the ending point, and a set of intermediate sampling points for use in subsequent assembly steps. Compared to manually dragging the model to an approximate location, this chainage-based interval determination method achieves a precise correspondence between the segmented template and the centerline.

[0135] S43. According to the positioning interval, assemble each segment template instance along the three-dimensional center line of the branch tunnel to generate each segment branch tunnel model.

[0136] Assembly refers to placing segmented template instances at designated positions on the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel according to their positioning range, and adjusting the orientation of the instances to align them with the tangential direction of the centerline. A segmented tunnel model refers to an independent three-dimensional entity formed after a single segment is assembled, containing geometric elements such as the tunnel lining, tunnel portal, or excavation face within that segment.

[0137] Specifically, the system obtains the positioning interval determined in step S42 and the corresponding segment template instance. For each segment template instance, the system first obtains its geometric definition. A tunnel lining instance can be defined as a cross-sectional shape swept along a guide line, which can be a straight line or a curve. The system replaces the instance's guide line with a curve segment located within the positioning interval on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel. Specifically, a sub-curve from the inlet to the outlet station is extracted from the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, and this sub-curve is used as the new guide line for the instance. The system calls the sweep function to generate a solid along the sub-curve. For inlet portal instances, the system obtains the starting coordinates of the positioning interval and the tangential direction at that point, aligns the back side of the portal instance (the side connected to the tunnel body) to the starting position, and makes the centerline of the portal coincide with the tangential direction. For outlet portal instances, similarly, they are aligned to the end position of the positioning interval, facing the opposite direction. For excavation face instances, the system surrounds them with the corresponding tunnel lining instance, which can be generated by offsetting a certain distance outward based on the tunnel cross-sectional contour. The system stores each assembled segment instance as an independent segment tunnel model in a temporary container. Each segment tunnel model retains its original parameters and geometric information. For example, an assembled segment tunnel model represents a 760-meter-long tunnel lining, with the entrance portal and exit portal connected at both ends. Compared to simply placing template instances at arbitrary locations in space, this method of cutting along the centerline and oriented assembly ensures a perfect fit between the segment model and the design centerline.

[0138] S44. According to the generation order, combine the segmented branch tunnel models into a continuous three-dimensional branch tunnel model.

[0139] Here, "combination" refers to the operation of sequentially connecting multiple segmented tunnel models into a single unit according to their generation order. "Continuity" means that two adjacent segmented tunnel models are geometrically connected at their connection faces, without gaps or overlaps. The three-dimensional tunnel model, as explained in step S4, refers to the complete three-dimensional geometric representation of the construction tunnel composed of all segmented template instances.

[0140] Specifically, the system acquires the generation order determined in step S41 and the segmented tunnel models generated in step S43. The system processes the segmented tunnel models in ascending order of generation. For the first segmented tunnel model, the system directly adds it to the final model set. For each subsequent segmented tunnel model, the system acquires the geometric information of the outlet end face of the previous segmented tunnel model and the geometric information of the inlet end face of the current segmented tunnel model. The system calculates the distance between the two end faces. If the distance is greater than zero (a gap exists), the system can translate the current segmented tunnel model forward along the centerline until the end faces meet; if the distance is less than zero (overlap exists), the system can truncate the inlet end portion of the current segmented tunnel model or translate it backward until the end faces just touch. After the end faces meet, the system can choose to perform a Boolean merge on the common end faces of the two segmented tunnel models to eliminate internal seams, making the two segments appear as a visually continuous whole. The system can also choose to retain the seams while ensuring geometric continuity. The system connects all segmented tunnel models sequentially to form a complete 3D tunnel model. The relative positions of each segment within this model are entirely determined by the station number sequence and positioning interval. The system can store the complete 3D tunnel model as an assembly component, where each segment is a component, while retaining the independent editing capabilities of each component. For example, if the user needs to modify the lining thickness of a second segment, they only need to modify the template parameters of the corresponding component, and the system will automatically regenerate the segment and automatically adjust its mating surface with adjacent segments. Compared to loosely combining each segment model as an independent object, this sequential connection and end-face fitting method ensures the integrity and continuity of the model while supporting independent maintenance of each segment.

[0141] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0142] Based on the line component node to which the branch tunnel belongs, create a set of geometric shapes under the line component node;

[0143] In this context, a "line component node" refers to the parent object representing a specific construction tunnel line in the 3DE platform's structure tree. This node can contain the line's horizontal curves, vertical curves, 3D centerline, and all relevant design parameters. A "geometry set" refers to a folder-like container in the 3DE platform used to store geometric elements (such as points, lines, surfaces, and solids). The geometry set itself does not contain geometric shapes; it only provides hierarchical organization, facilitating users to group and manage model elements by category or function.

[0144] Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, generate each segment support tunnel model in ascending order of station number under the geometric set, and generate the name of each segment support tunnel model according to preset rules;

[0145] Here, "Generation" refers to calling the platform's instantiation function to convert the segment template instance into a model object that actually exists in the geometry set. "Preset Rules" refers to a system-defined naming format template used to combine the segment name, inlet station number, outlet station number, and remarks into a single string as the display name of the segmented tunnel model. The rule can be segment name (inlet station number ~ outlet station number) - remarks. For example, when a tunnel contains three segments, the geometry set will sequentially display the straight segment (P0+000~P0+300) - Type A support, the turning segment (P0+300~P0+450) - Type B support, and the straight segment (P0+450~P0+860) - Type A support, providing a clear hierarchy and easy searching.

[0146] Based on the type of each segment template instance, generate the corresponding template instance name. Among them, the tunnel lining template instance directly uses the original name in the template library, the entrance portal template instance or the entrance excavation face template instance adds the "entry" prefix to the original name, and the exit portal template instance or the exit excavation face template instance adds the "exit" prefix to the original name.

[0147] The original name in the template library refers to the default name used when storing templates in the parameterized template library, such as single-hole face or standard lining type A. The inlet prefix refers to a fixed string, such as "inlet," used to identify that the template instance is located at the inlet end of the branch tunnel. The outlet prefix refers to another fixed string, such as "outlet," used to identify that the template instance is located at the outlet end of the branch tunnel.

[0148] In some embodiments, the method further includes generating a three-dimensional tunnel model while simultaneously:

[0149] Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the entrance point, the length of the branch tunnel, and the average slope are created and stored under the line component node where the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is located. The elevation of the entrance point is the elevation at the small station of the branch tunnel, which is obtained from the longitudinal curve of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0150] Specifically, the system marks these parameter objects as persistent attributes, saving them along with the line component nodes. Once created, other modules (such as the engineering drawing module) can retrieve the corresponding values ​​by reading the parameter names under the line component nodes, without needing to recalculate or extract them from the model. For example, when generating the characteristic table of the site tunnel branch, the system directly traverses the parameter list under the line component nodes, reading parameter values ​​such as the station number at the intersection with the main tunnel and filling them into the table. This method of explicitly storing key design parameters in the parent node makes the parameters both related to and independent of the 3D model. Even if the 3D model is regenerated due to template modifications, as long as the spatial relationship calculation results remain unchanged, these parameter values ​​can remain unchanged or be automatically updated after recalculation, providing a stable data source for the automated output of design results.

[0151] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is obtained by the following method:

[0152] Based on the CAD format plane curve imported by the user or any spatial curve created by the user in the 3DE platform, the endpoint of the curve selected by the user is used as the design starting point.

[0153] Among them, CAD format planar curves refer to line segments in two-dimensional graphics saved in common CAD file formats such as DWG or DXF, which can include two basic types: straight lines and arcs. After being imported into the 3DE platform, these curves are displayed as segmented curves with discontinuous parameters, meaning that each line segment is independent and does not retain the original parametric constraints. Arbitrary spatial curves refer to non-parametric or parametric three-dimensional curves directly created by the user within the 3DE platform, such as free curves drawn using spline tools or spatial lines obtained through projection. The design starting point refers to a point selected by the user from the endpoints of the curve, used to define the starting position and direction of subsequent generation of road horizontal curves.

[0154] Users can import CAD files using the 3DE platform's import function, and the platform will parse and display the curves in the current workspace. Users can also draw curves directly in 3D space using the platform's built-in curve creation tool. After clicking the "Quickly Flatten Curve" button, users can select the target curve in the interactive interface, and the system will automatically generate temporary endpoints at both ends of the curve as position indicators. Users can then select one of the two endpoints as the design starting point; the system will highlight the selected endpoint and record its coordinates and parameter positions on the curve. The choice of this starting point determines the direction of station number increment.

[0155] Based on the design starting point, the line segment type is identified along the curve direction, and the line segment type includes straight lines and arcs;

[0156] The segment identification function refers to the system performing geometric analysis on each continuous segment of the curve to determine whether it is a straight line (with zero curvature) or a circular arc (with a non-zero constant curvature). For a straight line, the system can obtain the coordinates of its two endpoints; for a circular arc, the system also needs to obtain the coordinates of the center and the radius.

[0157] The system traverses curves starting from the design origin. For segmented curves imported from CAD, each segment is marked as either a straight line or an arc, and the system directly reads its type. For arbitrary spatial curves created within the platform, the system calculates curvature by sampling multiple points on the curve. If the curvature is zero within the error range, it is determined to be a straight line; if the curvature is constant, it is determined to be an arc; otherwise, the system may prompt the user that the curve type is not supported. The system stores the identified line segment types in sequence.

[0158] Draw the road horizontal curves with station numbers segment by segment according to the identified line segment types;

[0159] The system starts from the design starting point and calls the corresponding drawing function based on the type of the current line segment. For straight lines, the system creates a straight-aligned segment using two points; for arcs, the system creates an arc-aligned segment using the start point, end point, and radius. After each segment is drawn, the system increments the length of that segment and uses it as the starting station number for the next segment. After all line segments are drawn, the system obtains a continuous horizontal curve of the road with station numbers.

[0160] Based on the road horizontal curves, create alignment sets for managing the road horizontal curves and road nodes for identifying curve endpoints;

[0161] The alignment set is a container object in the 3DE platform's road design module used to store horizontal alignments. An alignment set can contain one or more horizontally aligned curves. Road nodes are feature point objects that identify key locations on a curve, used to mark the start and end points of a horizontal curve or connection points between different line segments. After generating a road horizontal curve, the system automatically creates a new alignment set object and adds the newly generated horizontal curve to it. Simultaneously, the system extracts the start and end coordinates of the horizontal curve and creates road node objects at the corresponding locations. These nodes are associated with the alignment set for easy reference during subsequent longitudinal profile design. The creation of alignment sets and road nodes provides the necessary data structure for subsequent longitudinal curve design.

[0162] Based on the horizontal curve of the road and the longitudinal curve obtained through the longitudinal profile design, the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is generated using the 3DE platform.

[0163] The longitudinal profile design refers to the process of generating a longitudinal curve (vertically aligned) describing the elevation changes along the road by determining the station numbers and elevations of the slope change points. Longitudinal profile design can be completed using the route point elevation design function or existing tools on the platform. The three-dimensional centerline of the adit is generated by superimposing the road horizontal and longitudinal curves in space, with each station having both planar coordinates and elevation values. Users create the longitudinal curve using the platform's functions or the route point elevation design function provided by this invention and associate it with the previously generated road horizontal curve. The system calls the platform's 3D curve generation interface, taking the horizontal and longitudinal curves as input, and outputs a complete three-dimensional spatial curve, i.e., the three-dimensional centerline of the adit. This centerline is subsequently used for the automatic layout of the construction adit.

[0164] In some embodiments, the step of using the road horizontal curve and the longitudinal curve obtained through longitudinal profile design includes:

[0165] Based on the current route information, identify and display the starting station number, ending station number, and station number prefix, and display the station number value, elevation, slope, and station number length in a table. The station number length is calculated from the difference between the preceding and following station numbers and is not editable.

[0166] The current route information refers to the route object associated with the horizontal curve selected by the user. This object stores the starting station number, ending station number, and station number prefix (such as K or P). After reading this information, the system displays four columns of data in a table format on the interactive interface: station number value, elevation, slope, and station length. The station length refers to the difference between two adjacent station numbers. The system automatically calculates this by subtracting the previous station number from the next one. This column is grayed out on the interface and cannot be manually modified by the user. For example, if the starting station number in the first row is K0+000 and the station number in the second row is K0+100, the station length is automatically calculated to be 100.000 meters, and the user cannot directly edit this value. This design ensures logical consistency between the station length and the station number value, avoiding human input errors.

[0167] The number of rows in the table is dynamically adjusted based on the user's actions of adding or deleting rows in the table. The rows containing the starting and ending station numbers cannot be deleted.

[0168] The "Add Row" operation involves the user selecting a row and then choosing "Add Above" or "Add Below" from the right-click menu. The system inserts a new blank row above or below the selected row. The "Delete Row" operation involves the user selecting a row and then choosing "Delete" from the right-click menu. The system removes the row and reorders the station numbers of the remaining rows. The row containing the starting station (which can be the first row) and the row containing the ending station (which can be the last row) are marked as protected rows. When a user attempts to delete these rows, the system ignores the operation or displays a warning. For example, if a user attempts to delete a row containing K0+000, the system will refuse to execute the deletion. This dynamic row management allows users to freely add or remove gradient change points according to design needs, while protecting the integrity of the starting and ending points of the line.

[0169] Calculate and update the station number length column based on the value entered by the user in the station number column;

[0170] The station number column allows users to directly input prefixed strings (e.g., K0+100) or pure numerical values ​​(e.g., 100), which the system parses into a standardized format. After a user inputs a new station number, the system triggers a recalculation event: it rearranges the numerical order of all station numbers, recalculates the difference between the current and next rows for each row, and fills the result into the corresponding station length cell. If a row has no next row (i.e., the final row), the corresponding station length remains empty or displayed as unavailable. For example, if a user changes the station number in the second row from K0+100 to K0+120, the system automatically updates the station length between the first and second rows from 100 meters to 120 meters. This automatic update mechanism ensures the consistency of the station number data in the table.

[0171] Calculate and update the corresponding slope or elevation based on the values ​​entered by the user in the elevation or slope column, as well as the existing station length;

[0172] The elevation and slope columns employ a two-way linkage rule: When a user enters a value in the elevation column, the system detects the elevation difference between the current and next rows, as well as the existing station length, and automatically calculates the slope of the remaining section of the current row using the slope calculation formula (next row elevation minus current row elevation divided by station length, then multiplied by 100%), and fills the result into the slope column. When a user enters a percentage value in the slope column, the system detects the slope of the remaining section of the current row, as well as the existing station length, and automatically calculates the elevation of the next row using the elevation calculation formula (next row elevation minus station length multiplied by slope divided by 100%). For example, if the current row elevation is 2808.24 meters and the station length is 100 meters, and the user enters 3% in the slope column, the system automatically calculates the next row elevation to be 2811.24 meters. This two-way linkage eliminates the tedious steps of manual conversion.

[0173] Based on the user's selected fixed elevation or fixed slope batch editing mode, the entire column of elevations or slopes is uniformly modified to the user-input values, and the corresponding slopes or elevations are recalculated.

[0174] The fixed elevation mode and fixed slope mode are two mutually exclusive batch editing options, and users can only select one at a time. When fixed elevation is selected, the user enters an elevation value in an input box. The system simultaneously assigns this value to all non-starting rows (or all rows) in the table, then iterates through each row, recalculating the slope of the subsequent segment of each row based on the elevation difference between adjacent rows and the station length. When fixed slope is selected, the user enters a slope value, and the system simultaneously assigns this value to the subsequent slope column of all non-last rows, then calculates the elevation of each row row by row downwards from the starting elevation. For example, if the user selects fixed slope and enters 4%, the system sets the slope of each segment to 4% and calculates the elevation of all subsequent slope change points based on the starting elevation. This batch editing mode allows users to complete a unified adjustment of the entire longitudinal profile of the route with a single click, making it particularly suitable for rapid iteration during the scheme comparison phase.

[0175] In some implementations, the parameterized template library is obtained through the following method:

[0176] Based on the structural composition of the branch tunnel, create the tunnel entrance template, tunnel body template, and excavation face template respectively;

[0177] The structural composition of a tunnel adit refers to its geometrical division into three parts: the tunnel entrance connecting section (portal), the tunnel body section (lining), and the excavation area of ​​the surrounding rock mass (excavation face). Portal templates are used to generate the end walls and tunnel faces of the adit entrance and exit. Tunnel body templates are used to generate the annular cross-section of the tunnel lining stretched along the centerline. Excavation face templates are used to generate the excavation outline for terrain trimming. Template engineers create three types of user-defined feature templates in the knowledge engineering environment of the 3DE platform. For portal templates, engineers construct lofting or stretching features based on the endpoints and tangent directions of the adit centerline. For tunnel body templates, engineers define the cross-sectional outline sketch and sweep it along the centerline. For excavation face templates, engineers loft based on the tunnel body cross-section, offsetting it outwards by a certain distance. Each template is saved as an independent template file after creation.

[0178] Based on the geometric positioning requirements of each template, the input elements of each template are defined, including the road centerline, starting station number, and ending station number;

[0179] Input elements refer to geometric or numerical references that must be provided externally during template instantiation. The template itself does not contain the specific values ​​of these data, but rather declares that it needs to receive these data as the basis for generating the geometry. The road centerline is a three-dimensional curve used to determine the spatial orientation and position of the template; the starting and ending station numbers are numerical parameters used to define the effective range of the template on the centerline. For tunnel body templates, the template engineer declares the road centerline as a required input, and also declares the starting and ending station numbers as inputs, so that a specified segment on the centerline can be extracted during instantiation. For tunnel portal templates, in addition to the road centerline, a control point must also be declared as an input. For excavation face templates, the input elements are similar to those of tunnel body templates, but an offset parameter can be added. When defining input elements, engineers set these geometric or numerical objects as input types in the UDF definition interface and assign them meaningful internal names.

[0180] Publish the adjustable parameters for each template according to the preset parameter naming convention;

[0181] Adjustable parameters refer to dimensional or attribute variables in the template that need to be exposed for modification by end users, such as cross-sectional width, cross-sectional height, lining thickness, and excavation slope coefficient. The preset parameter naming conventions are a unified set of rules, such as requiring all adjustable parameter names to be preceded by a specific symbol, like an asterisk, so that the system can automatically recognize and display them in the parameter settings subpage. In the template definition interface, template engineers select the parameters that need to be adjusted by designers, mark them as published, and name them according to the conventions. For example, the cross-sectional width parameter in a tunnel template is named "asterisk width," and the cross-sectional height is named "asterisk height." Unpublished parameters will be treated as fixed internal values ​​and cannot be modified by designers when laying out the tunnels. Through this standardized publishing mechanism, a clear parameter interface is established between template creators and users, allowing users to complete customization without understanding the complex internal geometry of the template.

[0182] Each completed design template is stored in the template model library at a specified level in the 3DE platform to form a parametric template library.

[0183] The designated level refers to a predefined directory structure within the platform, such as a subfolder for construction methods under the template model library folder, and then a subfolder for construction access tunnels. Template engineers save the created portal templates, tunnel body templates, and excavation face templates to their respective subfolders within this designated level. Upon saving, the system generates a unique identifier for each template and stores it in the platform database. After storage, these templates become part of the parametric template library, available for use by other design projects or by other designers within the same project. In subsequent construction access tunnel layout steps, the system automatically scans the designated level directory and populates the stored template names into the dropdown selector on the interactive interface, enabling immediate template selection and use. This centralized storage and categorized template library mechanism supports enterprise-level design knowledge accumulation and reuse, allowing different projects to utilize the same set of standardized templates for construction access tunnel designs.

[0184] The following is a detailed explanation of this embodiment through specific examples.

[0185] This case study uses the construction access design of a hybrid pumped storage power station as the engineering background, and systematically demonstrates how the method proposed in this invention can efficiently and accurately support the entire process from 3D design and engineering quantity statistics to chart output.

[0186] The upper reservoir has a normal water level of 2865.00m and a regulating capacity of 6.526 billion m³; the lower reservoir has a normal water level of 2605.00m and a regulating capacity of 21.14 million m³, of which the effective capacity for energy storage power generation is 12.84 million m³, providing daily regulation capacity. The underground powerhouse is located at the tail end of the water conveyance system, with horizontal distances of approximately 2510m and 420m from the inlet / outlet of the upper and lower reservoirs, respectively. The main powerhouse adopts an "I"-shaped layout, consisting of a main equipment room, an installation room, and an auxiliary powerhouse, with the installation room and auxiliary powerhouse located on the left and right sides of the main equipment room, respectively. The main powerhouse is 170.8m long, the installation room is 44.55m long, and the main equipment room is 126.25m long.

[0187] During the project planning phase, the layout of construction access routes was primarily based on 2D design using a CAD platform, without collision checks, and the quantities were initially estimated based on axis lengths. Upon entering the feasibility study phase, this system was used for 3D design, significantly improving the systematic nature and accuracy of the design.

[0188] (1) Design and storage of formwork for construction adits

[0189] First, such as Figure 2-4As shown, templates for the construction adit body, entrance / exit portals, and excavation openings were established separately. The construction adit body template used the adit centerline, start point, and end point as input conditions; the entrance / exit portal and excavation opening templates used the centerline and control points as input conditions, and the relevant parameters were defined and published in strict accordance with parameter naming specifications. After the design was completed, the above templates were uniformly stored in the hierarchical structure of "Template Model Library → Construction Method → ​​Construction Adit," constructing a standardized construction adit template library to support the automatic loading and template reuse of similar structures in subsequent projects.

[0190] (2) Importing CAD axes

[0191] During the planning phase, the construction support tunnel axis lines, initially designed using CAD and saved in DWG format, can be easily imported into the 3DE platform using the import function. The "DWG3D (.dwg)" file format can be selected. Figure 5 This is a plan view of the construction adit. Figure 6 Import a 3DE schematic diagram for the axis of the construction adit.

[0192] (3) Space curve design

[0193] The power station plans to construct nine new construction adits (numbered 1# to 9#), with a total length of approximately 5000m. These will be integrated with existing roads and hydraulic structures to form a three-dimensional transportation network covering the upper reservoir inlet / outlet, water diversion system, underground powerhouse, and tailrace system. The construction access routes are designed in layers according to different construction targets and elevation requirements: the inlet / outlet construction access routes include adits 1#, 2#, and 3#, connected from top to bottom; the water diversion system construction access routes include adits 4#, 5#, and 6#, serving the water diversion tunnel, vertical shaft section, surge tank, and pressure steel pipe section respectively; the underground powerhouse construction access routes are arranged in three levels: upper (air intake tunnel, adit 12#), middle (entry access tunnel), and lower (adits 6#, 7#, and 9#), corresponding to the construction needs of the main and auxiliary powerhouses, main transformer room, busbar tunnel, and tailrace system. All newly constructed construction adits are designed as secondary roads within the site, with a load rating of 40 (vehicle-40), a road width of 7.0m, and a concrete pavement. The main cross-sections of the adits are 7.5m×6.5m and 10.0m×7.0m.

[0194] The generation of the 3D route for the construction access road includes the following steps: First, using the quick flat curve function, such as... Figure 7 As shown, select the imported DWG format centerline, select the curve endpoint as the design starting point, the system automatically identifies the line segment type and draws it, generates a road horizontal curve with station numbers, creates an alignment set and road nodes, and adjusts the horizontal curve in combination with the existing hydraulic model.

[0195] Secondly, use the OOTB function to create the longitudinal curve, select the associated horizontal curve and topographic and geological data, set the output content of the road surface curve, and generate the initial longitudinal curve; then, use the route point elevation design function, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the slope point information is modified in the tabular interactive interface to complete the longitudinal profile optimization; finally, based on the horizontal and vertical curves, the OOTB function is used to generate the three-dimensional route centerline of the construction adit.

[0196] (4) Layout of construction adits

[0197] like Figure 9 As shown, taking the No. 3 construction adit as an example, select the already generated 3D alignment line of the No. 3 construction adit. The program automatically reads the starting station K0+000 (corresponding to elevation 2808.24m) and the ending station K0+458 (corresponding to elevation 2825.00m). Then, in the layout parameter interface shown in the figure, set the segment name to "No. 3 Construction Adit", the inlet station K0+000, the outlet station K0+458, select "None" for the inlet opening, select "Single Tunnel Face" for the outlet opening, select "None" for both the inlet and outlet excavation faces, and select the "Construction Adit" template for the tunnel lining. Click "Add" to write the data into the table; then you can manage the rows through the right-click menu, and modify the tunnel cross-section size to 8m×7m through the "Template Parameter Settings" function; finally, click "OK" or "Apply", and the system will automatically generate a 3D model of the No. 3 construction adit in the line parts, calculate key parameters such as the adit length of 458m and the slope of 3.66%, and organize it in the structure tree according to the geometric set of "Construction Adit". The model naming rule is "No. 3 Construction Adit (K0+000~K0+458) - Entire Tunnel, Average Slope 3.66%", and at the same time generate the corresponding UDF template instance.

[0198] Following the above principles, all construction adits were instantiated. No inlet or outlet excavation was designed for any adits, resulting in a construction adit model, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0199] (5) Engineering drawings

[0200] After instantiating the models of all construction adits, the system further generated complete design results: First, in the engineering drawing environment, by selecting the main line node, the system automatically extracted key parameters such as the adit name, the station number and elevation of the intersection with the main line, the adit length, and the average slope of each adit, generating an on-site passage branch line characteristic table and exporting it as an Excel file, such as... Figure 11 As shown; in addition, isometric views of the passageways for each branch tunnel were also generated, such as... Figure 12 As shown, this provides complete data support and visualization results for the design of the entire construction adit system.

[0201] Example 2

[0202] Please see Figure 13 This invention provides a 3D design device for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, comprising:

[0203] The spatial relationship calculation module 201 is used to perform spatial relationship calculation based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, and to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel.

[0204] The determining module 202 is used to determine the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the branch tunnel to be generated based on the branch tunnel segment parameters input by the user in the interactive interface and the segment templates corresponding to the branch tunnel segment parameters selected in the parameterized template library. The branch tunnel segment parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks information.

[0205] The update module 203 is used to assign and update the initial parameters of each segment template according to the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segment parameters, and generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information.

[0206] The generation module 204 is used to generate a three-dimensional branch tunnel model arranged in station number order in the 3DE platform based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

[0207] It should be noted that each module and unit in the 3D design device for construction tunnels based on the 3DE platform in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each step in the 3D design method for construction tunnels based on the 3DE platform in the aforementioned embodiment. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned 3D design method for construction tunnels based on the 3DE platform, and will not be repeated here.

[0208] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0209] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional design method for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, characterized in that, include: Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, spatial relationship calculation is performed to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel. Based on the tunnel segmentation parameters input by the user in the interactive interface, and the segment templates corresponding to the tunnel segmentation parameters selected in the parameterized template library, the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the tunnel to be generated are determined. The tunnel segmentation parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks. Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, the initial parameters of each segment template are assigned and updated to generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information; Based on the template instances of each segment and the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel, a three-dimensional branch tunnel model arranged in sequence according to station number is generated in the 3DE platform.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial relationship is calculated based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user on the 3DE platform to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel, including: The intersection point is calculated based on the horizontal projection of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel; The station number corresponding to the intersection point is taken as the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel; Based on the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel and the longitudinal curve corresponding to the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel, calculate the elevation at the station number of the intersection point with the main tunnel, and use it as the elevation of the intersection point with the main tunnel. The length of the branch tunnel is calculated based on the starting and ending station numbers of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel. The average slope is calculated based on the elevation corresponding to the starting station, the elevation corresponding to the ending station, and the length of the branch tunnel.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of assigning and updating the initial parameters of each segment template according to the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, and generating each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information, includes: Based on the template parameter setting command triggered by the user, a subpage is opened. The subpage displays adjustable parameters with specific identifiers for each segment template published from the parameterized template library, paginated according to template type. Based on the parameter values ​​modified by the user in the subpage, the initial parameters of the corresponding segment template are updated. When the segment template is set to none, the subpage and adjustable parameters corresponding to the segment template are not displayed.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating a three-dimensional tunnel model arranged in station order in the 3DE platform based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel includes: Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, the generation order of each segment template instance is determined in ascending order of station number; Based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the inlet and outlet station numbers corresponding to each segment template instance, the positioning interval of each segment template instance on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is determined. According to the positioning interval, each segment template instance is assembled along the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel to generate each segment branch tunnel model; According to the generation order, the segmented branch tunnel models are combined into a continuous three-dimensional branch tunnel model.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the line component node to which the branch tunnel belongs, create a set of geometric shapes under the line component node; Based on the segment station number sequence corresponding to each segment template instance, generate each segment support tunnel model in ascending order of station number under the geometric set, and generate the name of each segment support tunnel model according to preset rules; Based on the type of each segment template instance, generate the corresponding template instance name. Among them, the tunnel lining template instance directly uses the original name in the template library, the entrance portal template instance or the entrance excavation face template instance adds the "entry" prefix to the original name, and the exit portal template instance or the exit excavation face template instance adds the "exit" prefix to the original name.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, While generating the three-dimensional tunnel model, the method also includes: Based on the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segmentation parameters, the station number of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the intersection with the main tunnel, the elevation of the entrance point, the length of the branch tunnel, and the average slope are created and stored under the line component node where the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is located. The elevation of the entrance point is the elevation at the small station of the branch tunnel, which is obtained from the longitudinal curve of the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel was obtained through the following method: Based on the CAD format plane curve imported by the user or any spatial curve created by the user in the 3DE platform, the endpoint of the curve selected by the user is used as the design starting point. Based on the design starting point, the line segment type is identified along the curve direction, and the line segment type includes straight lines and arcs; Draw the road horizontal curves with station numbers segment by segment according to the identified line segment types; Based on the road horizontal curves, create alignment sets for managing the road horizontal curves and road nodes for identifying curve endpoints; Based on the horizontal curve of the road and the longitudinal curve obtained through the longitudinal profile design, the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel is generated using the 3DE platform.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The term "horizontal curve" and "vertical curve" obtained by designing the road profile include: Based on the current route information, identify and display the starting station number, ending station number, and station number prefix, and display the station number value, elevation, slope, and station number length in a table. The station number length is calculated from the difference between the preceding and following station numbers and is not editable. The number of rows in the table is dynamically adjusted based on the user's actions of adding or deleting rows in the table. The rows containing the starting and ending station numbers cannot be deleted. Calculate and update the station number length column based on the value entered by the user in the station number column; Calculate and update the corresponding slope or elevation based on the values ​​entered by the user in the elevation or slope column, as well as the existing station length; Based on the user's selected fixed elevation or fixed slope batch editing mode, the entire column of elevations or slopes is uniformly modified to the user-input values, and the corresponding slopes or elevations are recalculated.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameterized template library is obtained through the following method: Based on the structural composition of the branch tunnel, create the tunnel entrance template, tunnel body template, and excavation face template respectively; Based on the geometric positioning requirements of each template, the input elements of each template are defined, including the road centerline, starting station number, and ending station number; Publish the adjustable parameters for each template according to the preset parameter naming convention; Each completed design template is stored in the template model library at a specified level in the 3DE platform to form a parametric template library.

10. A three-dimensional design device for construction adits based on a 3DE platform, characterized in that, include: The spatial relationship calculation module is used to perform spatial relationship calculation based on the three-dimensional centerline of the branch tunnel and the three-dimensional centerline of the main tunnel selected by the user in the 3DE platform, and to obtain the spatial association parameters between the branch tunnel and the main tunnel. The determination module is used to determine the template type and initial parameters of each segment of the branch tunnel to be generated based on the branch tunnel segment parameters input by the user in the interactive interface and the segment templates corresponding to the branch tunnel segment parameters selected in the parameterized template library. The branch tunnel segment parameters include segment name, inlet chainage, outlet chainage and remarks information. The update module is used to assign and update the initial parameters of each segment template according to the spatial association parameters and the branch tunnel segment parameters, and generate each segment template instance containing complete geometric and attribute information. The generation module is used to generate a three-dimensional tunnel model arranged in station number order in the 3DE platform based on each segment template instance and the three-dimensional centerline of the tunnel.

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