An automobile wire harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on functional safety and regionalization power distribution automobile wire harness power distribution design method, it is related to automobile electronic and electrical technology field, comprising the following steps: obtaining vehicle electrical equipment information and establishing structured electrical load data set, electrical equipment information includes electrical property, functional safety level attribute, physical installation area attribute and functional domain attribute;Based on structured electrical load data set, configure power distribution rule set, power distribution rule set includes safety critical loop independent distribution rule, regional centralized distribution rule, load dynamic balance calculation rule and lightweight optimization rule.The application reduces artificial experience dependence by rule power distribution and functional safety constraint, improves design consistency and safety reliability;Combined with regional near power distribution and dynamic current accounting, reduce wire harness redundancy, realize lightweight and cost optimization, and improve design efficiency and response capability through automation and iteration mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive electronic and electrical technology, and specifically to a design method for automotive wiring harness power distribution based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution. Background Technology

[0002] As the automotive industry continues its development towards intelligent and electric vehicles, the electronic and electrical architecture of vehicles is constantly being upgraded, and the types and number of on-board electrical devices have increased significantly, expanding from more than ten in traditional models to forty to sixty currently. As the core carrier of power transmission and signal interaction in the vehicle, the complexity of power distribution design for automotive wiring harnesses has increased dramatically, directly affecting the operational safety and reliability of the vehicle's electrical system, as well as the overall vehicle cost and lightweighting level. Against the backdrop of increasingly stringent functional safety requirements, hierarchical management of different electrical devices based on the ISO 26262 standard has become an industry trend. Simultaneously, regionalized power distribution architectures are increasingly being applied to vehicle design to optimize wiring harness length and simplify system structure. Therefore, how to achieve a rational, standardized, and efficient design of wiring harness power distribution while meeting functional safety requirements has become a key technical issue in the development of current automotive electrical systems.

[0003] However, current automotive wiring harness power distribution designs largely rely on the experience of designers. Typically, parameters of electrical equipment are manually compiled, and fuse selection and wire diameter determination are based on direct summation of peak currents. Load grouping and circuit division are also based on experience. This design approach is highly subjective, inefficient, and prone to significant differences among designers, making it difficult to ensure design consistency. Regarding functional safety, existing solutions do not incorporate differentiated power supply designs for loads of different safety levels according to the ISO 26262 standard, lacking independent power supply constraints for high-safety-level loads (such as ASIL D), posing safety hazards. Furthermore, existing technologies do not fully integrate regional power distribution concepts, leading to cross-regional power supply for loads in different areas, increasing wiring harness length and hindering lightweight design. Simultaneously, the simple summation of peak currents can easily result in 3%–15% design redundancy, increasing cost and weight. Moreover, manual recalculation is required when parameters change, increasing the risk of omissions and errors in modifications, making it difficult to adapt to the rapid iterative development needs of vehicles. Therefore, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings in design efficiency, functional safety compliance, lightweight design, and cost control.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power distribution design method for automotive wiring harnesses based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution, so as to solve the problems in the background art mentioned above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power distribution design method for automotive wiring harnesses based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution, comprising the following steps: Acquire information on the vehicle's electrical equipment and establish a structured electrical load data set. The electrical equipment information includes electrical attributes, functional safety level attributes, physical installation area attributes, and functional domain attributes. The power allocation rule set is configured based on the structured power load data set. The power allocation rule set includes independent allocation rules for safety-critical circuits, regional centralized allocation rules, load dynamic balancing calculation rules, and lightweight optimization rules. Among them, independent power supply circuits are allocated to electrical equipment with functional safety level ASIL D and wire diameter is calculated using a preset safety margin coefficient. Based on the structured electrical load data set and power distribution rule set, power supply circuits are allocated to each electrical device. Load grouping and circuit division are completed according to preset rule priorities to form a power distribution scheme, and the corresponding fuse specifications, wire diameters and power distribution port allocation relationships are determined. The power distribution scheme is evaluated by current calculation and multi-dimensional assessment. The loop current is calculated according to the load dynamic balancing calculation rules and the simultaneous working coefficient. The scheme is then optimized in combination with safety compliance, harness weight, cost and voltage drop. The optimized power distribution scheme outputs the power distribution design results, which include power distribution relationships, fuse configuration, wire diameter selection, and regional power distribution port information.

[0007] Preferably, the process of unified modeling and standardized data representation of multi-dimensional attributes of electrical equipment emphasizes the structured processing logic of load information, and the steps are as follows: Collect electrical parameter information for each electrical device in the vehicle, and record the rated operating current, peak current, operating voltage and operating mode; Further label the functional safety level of each electrical device and complete the classification process according to the preset classification rules; Subsequently, based on the overall vehicle layout structure, the corresponding physical installation area of ​​each electrical device was identified and the area was classified. Finally, based on the vehicle's electronic and electrical architecture, the electrical equipment is divided into functional domains and a unified structured load data set is formed.

[0008] Preferably, the power supply path isolation requirements are constrained by the differences in functional safety levels, emphasizing the independence of power supply to high-safety loads. The steps are as follows: Read the functional safety level information of each electrical device and identify it according to the preset level classification rules; For electrical equipment identified as ASIL D level, implement independent power supply circuit division and isolate it from other load power supply paths; Configure corresponding fuse protection parameters for independent power supply circuits and establish the correspondence between circuits and protection configurations; The conductor diameter is calculated based on the circuit current requirements, and a preset safety margin factor is introduced to complete the power supply circuit parameter configuration.

[0009] Preferably, the power supply path space is optimized based on the physical layout of the vehicle, reflecting a regional centralized power supply strategy. The steps are as follows: Identify the physical installation areas of all electrical equipment in the vehicle and establish a mapping relationship between the equipment and the areas; Based on the regional power supply resources, determine the availability of power distribution channels in each region. Electrical equipment that meets the power supply requirements should be connected to the corresponding regional power supply node according to the regional classification method. The collected loads are divided into unified circuits and a regional centralized power supply connection is formed.

[0010] Preferably, when the location channel status of the regional power distribution meets the power supply conditions, the load aggregation process maintains the consistency constraint of the installation area, the power supply path is limited to the corresponding area, and the circuit division process maintains the consistency of the load area attributes and completes the limitation of the regional power supply connection relationship.

[0011] Preferably, an allocation priority system is established based on the power supply circuit division sequence and execution logic to enhance load processing consistency. The steps are as follows: Establish power supply circuit allocation priority rules and define the processing order of various loads; High-security-level loads are assigned priority circuits according to priority rules. The remaining load is grouped and processed by region, and corresponding power supply combinations are formed. Based on the grouping results, complete the division of power supply circuits for all electrical equipment and generate the overall power supply topology.

[0012] Preferably, the current calculation method is optimized by combining load operating characteristics and coordination relationships, highlighting the dynamic balancing processing logic. The steps are as follows: Collect current data of each electrical device in the same power supply circuit under different operating modes; Analyze the superposition relationship between the operating conditions of various electrical devices and determine the corresponding simultaneous working coefficient; The operating current of each electrical device in the circuit is summarized and weighted by combining the simultaneous operating coefficient. The calculated current of the power supply circuit is obtained and used for subsequent parameter matching processing.

[0013] Preferably, the operating modes of each electrical device in the same power supply circuit are classified and identified, the operating status combination relationship is established, the degree of work overlap corresponding to each combination relationship is matched, and the corresponding simultaneous working coefficient is selected accordingly to complete the determination of the circuit current calculation parameters.

[0014] Preferably, the power distribution scheme is comprehensively evaluated and iteratively optimized from the perspective of multi-dimensional performance indicators, and the steps are as follows: Construct a set of evaluation indicators including safety compliance, harness weight, material cost, and voltage drop; The indicators of each power distribution scheme are quantified and evaluation results are generated. The indicator weights are adjusted based on the evaluation results, and the allocation calculation is re-executed. A power allocation scheme that meets the constraints is determined through multiple rounds of iterative processing.

[0015] Preferably, to meet the requirements of engineering expression and delivery of power distribution design results, the output information organization method is improved, and the steps are as follows: Extract the structural information and parameter data of each power supply circuit in the power distribution scheme; Construct a power distribution relationship expression and form a loop connection logic structure; Organize the fuse configuration data and conductor selection parameters for each circuit; Generate regional power distribution port allocation information and output complete design result data.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: This invention transforms power distribution design specifications and functional safety requirements into an executable rule system, achieving standardized and structured expression of design logic. This fundamentally reduces reliance on designer experience, enabling different personnel to achieve consistent design results under the same input conditions, thereby significantly improving the consistency and standardization of design solutions. Simultaneously, by implementing independent power distribution strategies for high-safety-level loads, it strengthens the safety isolation of critical circuits at the design process level, effectively ensuring that power supply paths meet the relevant functional safety requirements of ISO 26262, reducing potential omissions and deviations during manual judgment, and improving the safety and reliability of the entire vehicle's electrical system.

[0017] This invention combines a regional proximity power distribution strategy with a current calculation method based on load coordination characteristics. While ensuring electrical performance and safety constraints, it effectively reduces harness length and wire redundancy, achieving lightweight design and cost optimization for the entire vehicle's wiring harness. Simultaneously, through automated allocation and a multi-round iterative mechanism, it can quickly generate and optimize power distribution schemes, significantly improving design efficiency and shortening the development cycle. It can also quickly respond and update when design parameters or requirements change, reducing the risk of errors caused by repetitive manual calculations, thereby improving the overall engineering efficiency and economy of wiring harness power distribution design. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the wire harness power distribution design system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall design of the power distribution for the wiring harness according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the execution logic of the load power distribution rule engine of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0023] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 - Figure 3 The illustrated automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution includes the following steps: This technical solution addresses the complexity, non-standardization, and efficiency bottlenecks in automotive wiring harness power distribution design by constructing a hierarchical decoupling architecture that combines rule-driven and automatic computation. The overall structure is divided into four layers from bottom to top: a data layer, a rule layer, a computation layer, and an output layer. Each layer forms a closed-loop collaborative relationship through clear data interfaces and logical constraints, effectively separating design data, design rules, and the computation execution process, thereby significantly improving design flexibility, reusability, and scalability.

[0024] At the data layer, the core lies in establishing a unified and structured database of vehicle electrical loads. This database standardizes and models discrete data that traditionally exists in tabular or document form, abstracting each electrical device into an information unit containing multi-dimensional attributes. Electrical attributes cover rated operating current, peak surge current, operating voltage, and operating modes under different conditions, supporting current calculations and electrical matching; functional attributes introduce functional safety level classification, classifying each electrical device according to the ISO26262 system for ASIL classification, enabling subsequent power supply strategies to reflect differences in safety priorities; physical attributes identify the installation location of equipment in the vehicle, such as the engine compartment, dashboard area, door area, or trunk area, providing a spatial basis for regionalized power distribution; logical attributes divide equipment into domains from the perspective of the vehicle's electronic and electrical architecture, such as the body domain, powertrain domain, chassis domain, and intelligent driving domain, enabling designs to consider both architectural hierarchy and functional relevance. Through the fusion of multi-dimensional attributes, unstructured information that originally relied on manual interpretation is transformed into a data foundation that can be directly called by computational models, significantly improving subsequent automated processing capabilities.

[0025] The rule layer is used to carry engineering experience and safety constraints in power distribution design, solidifying and standardizing design logic through rule-based expression. The independent allocation rule for safety-critical circuits distinguishes between high-safety-level loads and ordinary loads, assigning higher priority power supply strategies to critical equipment to avoid potential risks from shared power paths. It also incorporates higher safety margins in conductor selection to ensure stable power supply under extreme conditions. The regional centralized allocation rule, based on the principle of physical spatial proximity, prioritizes the aggregation of loads within the same region to corresponding regional distribution nodes, reducing cross-regional wiring and effectively shortening harness length and reducing wiring complexity. The load dynamic balancing calculation rule introduces a simultaneous operation coefficient to model the actual collaborative operation probability of multiple loads under different operating conditions, avoiding excessive redundancy caused by simply using peak current superposition, making current calculations closer to real-world operating conditions. The lightweight optimization rule uses the amount of copper used in the vehicle's wiring harness or cost as the optimization target. Under the premise of meeting electrical performance and safety constraints, it selects a better wire diameter configuration through combined search or iterative calculation to achieve coordinated optimization of weight and cost. These rules together constitute a configurable and scalable design constraint system, enabling the design process to shift from experience-driven to rule-driven.

[0026] The computational layer undertakes core computing and decision-making functions, completing the entire power allocation process based on structured data and rule constraints. First, all electrical loads are traversed, and preliminary classification is performed according to safety level priority. High-safety-level loads are prioritized for independent power supply path allocation, while other loads are further categorized based on regional information. Then, considering regional power supply capacity and available channels, the initial division of power supply circuits is completed. For each power supply circuit, a simultaneous operation coefficient is determined based on the load's operating mode, and the current within the circuit is weighted to obtain an equivalent current value closer to the actual operating state. Based on this, appropriate fuse protection specifications and conductor cross-sectional areas are matched, and a mapping relationship between circuits and distribution nodes is established. After generating the initial allocation scheme, a multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism is introduced to quantitatively analyze the scheme from multiple dimensions, including safety compliance, conductor weight, material cost, and voltage drop at key nodes. By adjusting the weights of each evaluation dimension, it can be adapted to the development focus of different vehicle models or projects; for example, economic indicators are strengthened in cost-sensitive projects, while safety and performance indicators are strengthened in high-end models. Further iterative optimization is performed in conjunction with constraints, gradually converging the scheme to a state with optimal overall performance.

[0027] The output layer focuses on the standardized expression and engineering delivery of design results, transforming calculation results into design documents that can be directly applied to the development and production stages. Outputs include a vehicle power distribution logic diagram describing each power supply path and its connections; a fuse protection configuration list specifying the protection level and configuration method for each circuit; a conductor selection table providing conductor specifications and length estimates for each circuit; regional power distribution port allocation information to guide specific connection implementation; and a design compliance check report verifying and explaining key safety constraints, load allocation rationality, and electrical performance indicators. These outputs have a unified format and standard interfaces, enabling direct integration with subsequent electrical design toolchains or manufacturing systems, reducing manual conversion steps and improving overall development efficiency.

[0028] The overall architecture achieves high decoupling through a layered design, enabling independent data updates, rule adjustments, and computational strategy optimization. For example, when a vehicle model adds new electrical equipment or its parameters change, only the data layer needs to be updated to trigger subsequent automatic calculations, without requiring manual restructuring of the entire design process. When design specifications or safety requirements change, adjustments to the rule layer configuration can achieve global effects. When it is necessary to improve optimization capabilities or introduce new evaluation metrics, the computational model can be extended at the computation layer without affecting the underlying data structure. This architecture possesses excellent scalability and adaptability, meeting the application needs of different vehicle platforms, different development stages, and different market regulatory requirements.

[0029] Meanwhile, this approach effectively solves the problems of poor consistency, low efficiency, and susceptibility to errors inherent in traditional manual design. Through unified rules and automated calculations, the design results are highly repeatable, no longer relying on individual experience differences. By introducing dynamic current calculations and regional power distribution strategies, design redundancy can be reduced while ensuring safety, achieving lightweighting and cost optimization. Automated output and standardized document generation significantly shorten the design cycle and improve the traceability and verifiability of the design results. Overall, this solution not only improves the engineering quality of power distribution design but also provides crucial support for the development of vehicle electronic and electrical architecture towards high integration and intelligence.

[0030] This step addresses the complexity of automotive wiring harness power distribution design by constructing a design process system centered on structured data, rule constraints, and automated calculations. The overall process can be divided into four stages: data construction, rule configuration, scheme generation and optimization, and result output. These stages are interconnected, forming a complete closed loop, transforming the design process from traditional experience-driven to data- and rule-driven.

[0031] In the data construction phase, the focus is on establishing a structured data system for the vehicle's electrical load. Each electrical device is abstracted as a data object with multi-dimensional attributes, enabling unified management and computational access. Electrical attributes describe the electrical characteristics of the device under different operating conditions, including rated operating current, peak surge current, operating voltage, and operating mode. These parameters directly affect subsequent current calculations and wire selection. Functional attributes characterize the importance level of the device within the vehicle's functional safety system. By introducing ASIL classification, devices with different safety levels are distinguished, ensuring that power allocation reflects the principle of safety priority. Physical attributes describe the installation location of the device within the vehicle, dividing the vehicle into multiple physical areas, such as the front compartment, dashboard area, door area, and rear compartment area, providing a spatial basis for subsequent regionalized power supply. Logical attributes, starting from the vehicle's electronic and electrical architecture, categorize devices into different functional domains, such as the body domain, powertrain domain, or intelligent driving domain, ensuring that the design considers not only physical location but also functional relevance. Through this multi-dimensional data construction, traditionally dispersed load information is uniformly transformed into structured data, providing a reliable foundation for automated calculations.

[0032] During the rule configuration phase, an executable power allocation rule system is formed by abstracting and formalizing engineering experience. The independent allocation rule for safety-critical circuits identifies high-safety-level equipment, independently divides its power supply path, and employs a stricter margin strategy for conductor selection to ensure stable operation even under extreme conditions. The regional centralized allocation rule, based on spatial proximity, centrally powers equipment located in the same area that allows for shared safety levels, thereby reducing cross-regional wiring and lowering harness length and complexity. The load dynamic balancing calculation rule introduces a simultaneous operation factor to model the collaborative working relationship between loads, making current calculations closer to actual operating conditions rather than simply adding peak currents. The lightweight optimization rule aims to minimize material consumption, seeking better conductor combinations while meeting safety and electrical performance requirements, achieving comprehensive cost and weight optimization. The unified configuration of rules ensures consistency in design logic and allows for reuse across different projects.

[0033] During the scheme generation and optimization phase, power supply paths are allocated to all electrical equipment in the vehicle based on structured data and rule constraints. First, priority is assigned according to functional safety levels, with higher safety level equipment receiving priority access to independent power supply paths. Then, considering the physical area attributes of the equipment, equipment that can be centrally powered is grouped into corresponding areas to achieve localized centralized power supply. For cases where regional power supply conditions cannot be met, they are uniformly incorporated into centralized power supply nodes for processing. After initial grouping, current calculations and parameter matching are performed for each power supply circuit. The core of this phase lies in employing a dynamic balancing calculation method, the calculation expression of which is as follows: in: The calculated current of the power supply circuit is a key basis for conductor selection and protection component matching; This represents the load simultaneous operation factor, with a value range of [value missing]. This value reflects the probability or degree to which multiple electrical devices operate simultaneously in actual operation; when the loads are highly independent, the value is low; when the loads have a high probability of coordinated operation, the value is close to 1. This represents the total operating current of all electrical devices within the power supply circuit, where each... This refers to the operating current value of a single device under specific operating conditions.

[0034] This calculation method transforms the traditional conservative strategy of simply superimposing peak currents into a dynamic calculation method based on probability and operating conditions. This makes the calculation results closer to actual usage, thereby effectively reducing design redundancy. Based on the calculated loop current value, appropriate fuse protection specifications and conductor cross-sectional areas are further matched to ensure that safety requirements are met while avoiding over-design.

[0035] After the initial solution is constructed, a multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism is introduced to comprehensively assess the solution. Evaluation indicators include the degree of safety constraint compliance, total wiring harness weight, material cost, and voltage drop at key nodes. Safety constraints are used to verify whether the power supply solution meets functional safety requirements; weight and cost indicators measure economic efficiency and lightweighting; and voltage drop indicators assess power supply quality and stability. By quantitatively scoring multiple solutions, the superior design result can be selected. Simultaneously, the design objectives can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the weights of each indicator or introducing additional constraints to adapt to different vehicle models or market demands. Through multiple rounds of iterative optimization, the solution gradually approaches its optimal state.

[0036] In the results output phase, the finalized design scheme is transformed into standardized engineering documents. The output includes a power distribution diagram describing the connection logic between each power supply path; a fuse protection configuration list to guide the selection and placement of protection components; a conductor selection table specifying the conductor specifications and parameters for each circuit; area distribution port allocation information to support actual connection implementation; and compliance check results to verify whether the design meets relevant specifications and constraints. These outputs use a unified format, enabling direct integration with subsequent design tools or production processes, reducing manual processing and conversion, and improving overall development efficiency.

[0037] The overall process achieves a high degree of decoupling through a layered design of data, rules, and computation, resulting in excellent scalability and adaptability. When equipment parameters change, only data updates are needed to trigger recalculation; when design specifications or safety requirements are adjusted, global changes can be implemented through rule updates; and when new optimization objectives or evaluation metrics need to be introduced, the computation layer can be extended without altering the underlying data structure. This flexibility allows the method to adapt to the needs of different vehicle platforms and different development stages.

[0038] The above design approach effectively solves the problems of experience dependence, large design redundancy, low efficiency, and poor consistency in traditional wiring harness power distribution. While ensuring functional safety, it achieves lightweight wiring harnesses and cost optimization, while significantly improving design automation and development efficiency, providing reliable support for the efficient design of the vehicle's electrical architecture.

[0039] The rule engine is used to implement the power allocation decision-making process for individual electrical loads. Its execution logic is based on preset priorities, and judgments and processing are carried out sequentially. The entire process is completed automatically according to unified rules to ensure the consistency and standardization of the allocation results. No manual intervention is required during execution, and clear logical connections are formed between each judgment node.

[0040] In the initial stage, the functional safety level information of the target electrical load is first obtained, and its safety attributes are determined based on this information. The functional safety level serves as a crucial basis for power supply allocation, directly influencing the subsequent power supply path selection strategy. When the determination result is the highest safety level, the load directly enters an independent power supply processing path. This type of load does not participate in subsequent area aggregation judgments but is instead allocated a separate power supply circuit and matched with dedicated protection configurations. Simultaneously, a higher safety margin is used in the conductor selection process to ensure that power supply reliability meets high safety requirements.

[0041] When the functional safety level is not determined to be the highest level, the execution logic switches to physical attribute-related judgments. At this stage, the installation area information of the electrical loads is read to determine their location distribution within the vehicle, which serves as a crucial basis for power supply path selection. After obtaining the area information, it is further determined whether the corresponding area's power distribution unit has an available power supply channel.

[0042] When a regional power distribution unit has available channels, the load is assigned to the corresponding regional power distribution unit for centralized power supply, allowing loads within the same area to share power resources as much as possible, thereby reducing the need for cross-regional cabling and improving cabling efficiency. After regional aggregation is completed, the subsequent current calculation processing stage begins.

[0043] When a regional power distribution unit lacks an available channel, the execution logic switches to a backup power supply path, allocating the load to a centralized power distribution location at the front end for unified power supply processing. This branch addresses situations of insufficient regional resources, ensuring that every load can obtain a complete power supply path, thereby guaranteeing the feasibility of power allocation. After power allocation is completed, the current calculation process also begins.

[0044] During the current calculation phase, the circuit current is comprehensively calculated based on the superposition characteristics of the operating modes and conditions of each load within the power supply circuit. This calculation process considers the cooperative working relationship between different loads, ensuring that the current results reflect the actual operating status. After obtaining the circuit current results, the protection configuration and conductor selection are further matched to ensure that the power supply circuit meets electrical performance requirements while possessing the necessary safety margin.

[0045] Through the above execution logic, each electrical load can complete the entire processing flow from safety level determination and power supply path selection to parameter matching. Each judgment branch is executed sequentially according to priority, with high safety levels processed first, followed by regional optimization processing, and finally electrical parameter calculation, thus forming a clear and stable execution path.

[0046] Overall, this execution logic automates power supply strategy decisions through multi-level conditional judgments and path allocation, ensuring that different types of loads receive appropriate power supply configurations under a unified rule system. Furthermore, this logic exhibits good repeatability; when the input data remains consistent, it can stably output consistent allocation results, effectively reducing the uncertainty caused by manual intervention.

[0047] Furthermore, this execution method forms a complete input-judgment-allocation-calculation closed-loop structure during the processing, with close connections between each stage. This ensures the continuity of the process and provides a clear basis for subsequent result verification. When the electrical load attributes or regional conditions change, the updated allocation results can be quickly obtained by re-executing this logic, without the need to modify the existing scheme item by item, thereby improving overall design efficiency.

[0048] This invention transforms power distribution design specifications and functional safety requirements into an executable rule system, achieving standardized and structured expression of design logic. This fundamentally reduces reliance on designer experience, enabling different personnel to achieve consistent design results under the same input conditions, thereby significantly improving the consistency and standardization of design solutions. Simultaneously, by implementing independent power distribution strategies for high-safety-level loads, it strengthens the safety isolation of critical circuits at the design process level, effectively ensuring that power supply paths meet the relevant functional safety requirements of ISO26262, reducing potential omissions and deviations during manual judgment, and improving the safety and reliability of the entire vehicle's electrical system.

[0049] This invention combines a regional proximity power distribution strategy with a current calculation method based on load coordination characteristics. While ensuring electrical performance and safety constraints, it effectively reduces harness length and wire redundancy, achieving lightweight design and cost optimization for the entire vehicle's wiring harness. Simultaneously, through automated allocation and a multi-round iterative mechanism, it can quickly generate and optimize power distribution schemes, significantly improving design efficiency and shortening the development cycle. It can also quickly respond and update when design parameters or requirements change, reducing the risk of errors caused by repetitive manual calculations, thereby improving the overall engineering efficiency and economy of wiring harness power distribution design.

[0050] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution design method for automotive wiring harnesses based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire information on the vehicle's electrical equipment and establish a structured electrical load data set. The electrical equipment information includes electrical attributes, functional safety level attributes, physical installation area attributes, and functional domain attributes. The power allocation rule set is configured based on the structured power load data set. The power allocation rule set includes independent allocation rules for safety-critical circuits, regional centralized allocation rules, load dynamic balancing calculation rules, and lightweight optimization rules. Among them, independent power supply circuits are allocated to electrical equipment with functional safety level ASIL D and wire diameter is calculated using a preset safety margin coefficient. Based on the structured electrical load data set and power distribution rule set, power supply circuits are allocated to each electrical device. Load grouping and circuit division are completed according to preset rule priorities to form a power distribution scheme, and the corresponding fuse specifications, wire diameters and power distribution port allocation relationships are determined. The power distribution scheme is evaluated by current calculation and multi-dimensional assessment. The loop current is calculated according to the load dynamic balancing calculation rules and the simultaneous working coefficient. The scheme is then optimized in combination with safety compliance, harness weight, cost and voltage drop. The optimized power distribution scheme outputs the power distribution design results, which include power distribution relationships, fuse configuration, wire diameter selection, and regional power distribution port information.

2. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of unified modeling and standardized data representation of multi-dimensional attributes of electrical equipment emphasizes the structured processing logic of load information, and the steps are as follows: Collect electrical parameter information for each electrical device in the vehicle, and record the rated operating current, peak current, operating voltage and operating mode; Further label the functional safety level of each electrical device and complete the classification process according to the preset classification rules; Subsequently, based on the overall vehicle layout structure, the corresponding physical installation area of ​​each electrical device was identified and the area was classified. Finally, based on the vehicle's electronic and electrical architecture, the electrical equipment is divided into functional domains and a unified structured load data set is formed.

3. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 2, characterized in that, The design constrains the power supply path isolation requirements based on differences in functional safety levels, emphasizing the power supply independence for high-safety loads. The steps are as follows: Read the functional safety level information of each electrical device and identify it according to the preset level classification rules; For electrical equipment identified as ASIL D level, implement independent power supply circuit division and isolate it from other load power supply paths; Configure corresponding fuse protection parameters for independent power supply circuits and establish the correspondence between circuits and protection configurations; The conductor diameter is calculated based on the circuit current requirements, and a preset safety margin factor is introduced to complete the power supply circuit parameter configuration.

4. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the physical layout of the vehicle, the spatial optimization of the power supply path is achieved, reflecting the regional centralized power supply strategy. The steps are as follows: Identify the physical installation areas of all electrical equipment in the vehicle and establish a mapping relationship between the equipment and the areas; Based on the regional power supply resources, determine the availability of power distribution channels in each region. Electrical equipment that meets the power supply requirements should be connected to the corresponding regional power supply node according to the regional classification method. The collected loads are divided into unified circuits and a regional centralized power supply connection is formed.

5. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the location channel status of the regional power distribution meets the power supply conditions, the load aggregation process maintains the consistency constraint of the installation area, the power supply path is limited to the corresponding area, and the circuit division process maintains the consistency of the load area attributes and completes the limitation of the regional power supply connection relationship.

6. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, To enhance load processing consistency, an allocation priority system is established based on the power supply circuit division sequence and execution logic. The steps are as follows: Establish power supply circuit allocation priority rules and define the processing order of various loads; High-security-level loads are assigned priority circuits according to priority rules. The remaining load is grouped and processed by region, and corresponding power supply combinations are formed. Based on the grouping results, complete the division of power supply circuits for all electrical equipment and generate the overall power supply topology.

7. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 6, characterized in that, The current calculation method is optimized by combining load operating characteristics and coordination relationships, emphasizing dynamic balancing logic. The steps are as follows: Collect current data of each electrical device in the same power supply circuit under different operating modes; Analyze the superposition relationship between the operating conditions of various electrical devices and determine the corresponding simultaneous working coefficient; The operating current of each electrical device in the circuit is summarized and weighted by combining the simultaneous operating coefficient. The calculated current of the power supply circuit is obtained and used for subsequent parameter matching processing.

8. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating modes of each electrical device in the same power supply circuit are classified and identified, the operating status combination relationship is established, the degree of work overlap corresponding to each combination relationship is matched, and the corresponding simultaneous working coefficient is selected accordingly to complete the determination of the circuit current calculation parameters.

9. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power distribution scheme is comprehensively evaluated and iteratively optimized from the perspective of multi-dimensional performance indicators. The steps are as follows: Construct a set of evaluation indicators including safety compliance, harness weight, material cost, and voltage drop; The indicators of each power distribution scheme are quantified and evaluation results are generated. The indicator weights are adjusted based on the evaluation results, and the allocation calculation is re-executed. A power allocation scheme that meets the constraints is determined through multiple rounds of iterative processing.

10. The automotive wiring harness power distribution design method based on functional safety and regionalized power distribution according to claim 9, characterized in that, To meet the requirements for the engineering representation and delivery of power distribution design results, the following steps are taken to improve the organization of output information: Extract the structural information and parameter data of each power supply circuit in the power distribution scheme; Construct a power distribution relationship expression and form a loop connection logic structure; Organize the fuse configuration data and conductor selection parameters for each circuit; Generate regional power distribution port allocation information and output complete design result data.

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