A forest small watershed ecological restoration and water source conservation regulation system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of forest small watershed ecological restoration and water source conservation regulation system, it is related to the technical field of ecological restoration and water resource regulation, the system includes: multi-dimensional monitoring node gathers ecological parameters and water body isotope sample, is divided water source component and calculates conservation contribution by multi-source fusion;Coupling analysis framework is constructed in combination with basin information, deduce water pollution linkage response and optimize management scheme and deployment plan, drive partitioned treatment operation and water quantity intelligent deployment, form monitoring, analysis, decision and treatment closed loop management;The application constructs global multidimensional ecological perception system, integrates conventional parameters and isotope sampling, realizes water source conservation accurate tracing and quantitative analysis;Build ecological process coupling framework, scientifically determine management scheme using water pollution linkage algorithm and multidimensional optimization algorithm, form whole-process closed loop by partitioned accurate management and water quantity intelligent deployment, synergistically improve ecological restoration and water source conservation regulation capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration and water resource regulation technology, specifically a forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] Forest watersheds are core components of regional ecosystems, undertaking crucial functions of ecological protection and water conservation. They serve as important carriers for ecological environment construction and water resource regulation and management. The evolution of ecosystems and water conservation processes within watersheds are influenced by multiple factors, including topography, soil, vegetation, and hydrology. Water conservation involves the transformation and interaction of various water components. Ecological restoration requires consideration of multiple tasks, such as soil improvement, vegetation establishment, and slope management. Water regulation also requires the simultaneous coordination of water allocation and water quality control objectives. With the continuous improvement of requirements for ecological protection and water resource management, the industry urgently needs to establish a systematic technical system that integrates comprehensive monitoring, component analysis, decision-making simulation, precise treatment, and intelligent regulation. This system will support the maintenance of watershed ecological health and the long-term improvement of water conservation functions, ensuring regional water resource security and sustainable ecological development.

[0003] Traditional forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation technologies have significant shortcomings. Monitoring systems can only collect basic ecological and hydrological parameters and lack the ability to accurately identify and trace water components. Data collection and processing lack standardized procedures and are missing steps for anomaly screening, missing data completion, and data correction, resulting in insufficient data accuracy and completeness. Water conservation capacity calculation lacks scientific quantitative methods and cannot clearly define the contribution ratio of each water component. Governance decisions rely heavily on human experience and lack an ecological process coupling analysis mechanism, making it difficult to simulate the coupled response of water quantity and quality under different governance schemes and achieve scientific optimization of governance schemes. Ecological governance adopts uniform measures across the entire area without considering the specific characteristics of watershed zones for precise treatment. Water quantity regulation lacks intelligent closed-loop management, resulting in poor synergy between ecological restoration and water conservation. The efficiency and effectiveness of governance cannot meet the needs of refined management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system. This system integrates five core modules: multi-dimensional ecological perception, water component analysis, ecological decision-making simulation, zoned ecological treatment, and intelligent water allocation. It constructs a closed-loop regulation system covering the entire process. The system achieves multi-source data collection and fusion through comprehensive ecological monitoring and water isotope sampling. Relying on isotope correlation algorithms, it accurately analyzes water conservation components and quantities. Combined with ecological process coupling analysis, water-pollution linkage coupling, and multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithms, it scientifically simulates and optimizes treatment and allocation schemes. Through precise zoned treatment and intelligent automated water allocation, it implements ecological restoration and water conservation operations, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of traditional technologies, significantly improving the accuracy of watershed ecological governance and the efficiency of water conservation regulation, strengthening the stability of the watershed ecosystem, and providing reliable technical support for the ecological protection and efficient utilization of water resources in forest small watersheds.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system, the system comprising: Multidimensional ecological sensing module: Deploy integrated monitoring nodes covering the watershed. The nodes integrate conventional ecological parameter acquisition components and water isotope sampling components to collect soil parameters, vegetation parameters, hydrological parameters and samples of multiple types of natural water bodies and transmit them to the water source component analysis module. Water source component analysis module: The received data is fused from multiple sources, and the water source conservation components of precipitation, surface water, soil water and groundwater are divided based on the isotopic characteristics of water bodies. The isotope weighted conservation algorithm is used to calculate the water source conservation capacity and the contribution ratio of each component. The analysis results are sent to the ecological decision inference module. Ecological decision-making simulation module: Combines watershed topography, soil and land use information to construct an ecological process coupling analysis framework, calls water pollution linkage coupling algorithm to calculate water quantity and water quality coupling response under different governance scenarios, calls multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm to rank the ecological restoration effectiveness of various governance and allocation schemes to determine the governance scheme and allocation plan, and sends the governance scheme to the regional ecological treatment module and the allocation plan to the intelligent water quantity allocation module. Zonal ecological treatment module: Based on the treatment plan, soil remediation equipment, vegetation planting equipment and slope transformation equipment are configured, and ecological treatment operations are carried out according to zoning. Intelligent water allocation module: Controls the electrical control components of water storage facilities within the basin according to the allocation plan, and feeds back the facility operation data to the ecological decision-making and simulation module.

[0006] Furthermore, the integrated monitoring nodes within the multidimensional ecological sensing module are arranged across the entire area at a density of one per hectare. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition components include stratified soil sensing components, vegetation status acquisition components, and hydrological and water quality acquisition components. The stratified soil sensing components are set to be installed in a range of 0 cm to 100 cm, with a set of acquisition points set every 20 cm within the range. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition components are set to a 15-minute interval for each data acquisition.

[0007] Furthermore, the water isotope sampling component equipped with the multidimensional ecological sensing module includes multiple independently deployed sampling points. The spacing between atmospheric precipitation sampling points is set at 2km, and the spacing between groundwater sampling points is set at 1km. Water sampling points are fixedly set at the outlet of the main water flow in the basin and at the confluence of all tributaries within the basin. The on-site water sample collection is completed within 1 hour after the precipitation ends. In the absence of precipitation, the deployment operation is carried out according to the standard of completing a round of full-area sample collection every 7 days.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-source fusion processing flow executed by the water source component analysis module includes several standardized processing steps. Routine field monitoring data undergoes anomaly screening using the 3σ judgment rule; missing data is filled using linear interpolation; and monitoring data collected from different locations at different times across the entire region undergoes standardized processing using Z-score calculation. The laboratory-generated δ... 18 O detection data and δ 2 The H detection data were sequentially processed to correct for drift during the operation of the detection instrument system and to correct for natural fractionation of water isotopes generated during field sampling and sample transport.

[0009] Furthermore, the water source component analysis module classifies the four categories of water source conservation components based on the measured isotope values ​​of the corresponding water bodies. Precipitation water source conservation components are defined by comparing the measured isotope values ​​of atmospheric precipitation in the field with the measured isotope values ​​of canopy penetration water. Surface water water source conservation components are defined based on the measured isotope values ​​of water bodies retained by forest surface litter. Soil water water source conservation components are defined based on the monthly continuous measured isotope values ​​of vertical soil water bodies at multiple layers (0cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, and 100cm). Groundwater water source conservation components are defined based on the monthly measured isotope values ​​of water bodies at fixed points of deep groundwater runoff in the watershed.

[0010] Furthermore, the ecological process coupling analysis architecture built by the ecological decision-making inference module inputs measured digital elevation data of the watershed, soil texture distribution data of different soil layers in the whole area, and land use type classification data of the whole watershed. The architecture delineates independent hydrological response units based on the natural water catchment boundaries of the watershed and delineates corresponding governance units based on the ecological attributes of the plots. The data layer of the architecture uniformly accesses time-series runoff statistics, layered soil physicochemical collection data, watershed vegetation community distribution statistics, and various quantitative statistics of water source components output by the water source component analysis module.

[0011] Furthermore, the data entered by the ecological process coupling analysis architecture includes watershed digital elevation topographic data, whole-area soil type distribution data, and regional land use classification data. The ecological process coupling analysis architecture divides the entire watershed into regions according to the topographic undulation trend of the watershed, forming independent governance units and hydrological response units. The ecological process coupling analysis architecture also stores the spatial collection path arrangement data of rainwater, the migration path arrangement data of nitrogen elements in the soil, and the migration path arrangement data of phosphorus elements in the soil within each unit.

[0012] Furthermore, in the soil improvement measures implemented by the zoned ecological treatment module, the mixed conditioning material used is prepared by mixing biochar raw materials and sepiolite raw materials in a fixed mass ratio of 3:1. The mixing process employs a thorough stirring mode to ensure uniform mixing of the materials. After mixing, the particle size of the materials is controlled within the range of 0.5mm to 2mm. The mixed conditioning material is then applied to the surface layer of the designated treatment plots at a rate of 15t / hm². 2 Up to 20t / hm 2 The quantitative layout standard is completed to achieve uniform and flat layout.

[0013] Furthermore, the vegetation construction measures implemented by the zonal ecological treatment module are limited to the use of two types of seedlings: black locust seedlings and sea buckthorn seedlings. The vertical soil penetration depth, horizontal row spacing, and vertical plant spacing of the seedlings within the plot are all set with reference to the stratified soil moisture spatial distribution data output by the water source component analysis module. The seedling layout work is carried out unit by unit according to the pre-divided independent treatment units of the watershed.

[0014] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional ecological sensing module is equipped with two physically independent data transmission channels. Soil parameter data packets, vegetation parameter data packets, and hydrological parameter data packets are transmitted outward through a 4G mobile communication network in a unified manner according to a fixed encapsulation format. All water isotope detection result data packets issued by the laboratory are transmitted in a targeted manner through a dedicated encrypted data interaction interface. The data transmitted through both channels are uniformly summarized by the data aggregation platform and entered into the internal storage and archiving of the watershed eco-hydrology dedicated distributed database.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system has the following beneficial effects: I. This invention constructs a multi-dimensional ecological sensing system covering the entire region, integrating conventional ecological parameter collection with water isotope sampling. It achieves comprehensive and routine collection of ecological information such as soil, vegetation, and hydrology in forest watersheds, along with water samples. Utilizing multi-source data fusion technology, it completes abnormal data removal, missing data completion, and standardization processing, while simultaneously correcting and optimizing water isotope detection data. This comprehensively ensures the accuracy and reliability of monitoring and analysis data. Based on water isotope characteristics, it classifies different types of water conservation components and uses an isotope-weighted conservation algorithm to accurately calculate water conservation volume and the contribution ratio of each component. This breaks through the technical limitations of traditional water conservation assessment, enabling precise source tracing and quantitative analysis of water conservation. An independent data transmission channel ensures secure and stable data transmission, making watershed ecological monitoring more systematic and laying a solid data foundation for ecological restoration and water source regulation.

[0016] II. This invention establishes an ecological process coupling analysis framework, integrates core information such as watershed topography, soil texture, and land use, divides the watershed into independent hydrological response and governance units, simulates the water quantity and quality coupling response under different governance scenarios using a water-pollution linkage coupling algorithm, and scientifically optimizes governance allocation schemes based on a multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm. It determines suitable governance schemes and allocation plans for the watershed, implements precise governance measures by matching the watershed's ecological characteristics through a zoned ecological treatment module, and conducts targeted soil improvement and vegetation establishment operations. Simultaneously, it achieves automated regulation and operational feedback of water storage facilities through a water quantity intelligent allocation module, forming a closed-loop ecological restoration and water conservation regulation model. This significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of watershed ecological governance, promotes the coordinated advancement of ecological restoration and water conservation, and effectively enhances the stability of the watershed ecosystem and its water conservation regulation capacity.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1A flowchart of a forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of data transmission between modules of a forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of data transmission for the ecological decision-making simulation module. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention proposes a forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system. This system employs a collaborative operation mechanism that integrates whole-area integrated ecological sensing and collection, multi-source water isotope data fusion and analysis, coupled ecological process modeling and deduction, differentiated ecological treatment by region, and intelligent closed-loop water volume regulation. This enables high-frequency continuous monitoring of all dimensions of ecological parameters in the forest watershed, including soil, vegetation, and hydrology. It accurately classifies four water conservation components—precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater—and quantitatively calculates the conservation volume and component contribution ratios. It simulates the linkage response relationship between water quantity and quality under different ecological governance scenarios, selects ecological governance schemes and water allocation plans suitable for the watershed's natural conditions, and simultaneously implements soil improvement, vegetation establishment, and slope transformation operations according to watershed zones. It intelligently regulates the operation of watershed water storage facilities, continuously improving the quality of forest watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation capabilities.

[0022] The system described in this embodiment specifically includes: Multidimensional ecological sensing module: Integrated monitoring nodes are deployed throughout the forest watershed at a fixed density. The nodes integrate conventional ecological parameter acquisition components and water isotope sampling components. Through layered soil sensing components, vegetation status acquisition components, and hydrological and water quality acquisition components, soil stratification physicochemical parameters, vegetation growth status parameters, and watershed hydrological and water quality parameters are collected in real time. At the same time, on-site sample collection and testing of atmospheric precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater are completed according to preset sampling rules. Conventional ecological monitoring data and laboratory water isotope test results are synchronously transmitted to the water source component analysis module. Water source component analysis module: Receives routine monitoring data and isotope detection data transmitted from the multi-dimensional ecological perception module, and sequentially completes multi-source fusion processing such as abnormal value screening, missing value filling, full data standardization, and isotope data error correction. Based on the measured isotope characteristics of different water bodies, it accurately defines four types of water source conservation components. Through the isotope weighted conservation algorithm, it calculates the overall water source conservation volume of the basin and the contribution ratio of each component, and pushes the water source component analysis results and conservation volume quantification results to the ecological decision inference module. Ecological decision-making simulation module: Input watershed digital elevation topographic data, whole-area soil texture distribution data, and land use type classification data; build an ecological process coupling analysis framework; divide independent hydrological response units according to the natural water catchment boundaries of the watershed; divide independent governance units according to the ecological attributes of the plots; call the water pollution linkage coupling algorithm to calculate the coupling response results of watershed non-point source pollution load and water conservation under different governance schemes; then use the multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm to comprehensively score and rank multiple governance and allocation schemes; determine the ecological governance scheme and water allocation plan that are suitable for the current situation of the watershed; and distribute the ecological governance scheme to the regional ecological treatment module and the water allocation plan to the intelligent water allocation module. Zonal ecological treatment module: Receives ecological governance plans from the ecological decision-making and simulation module, configures soil remediation equipment, vegetation planting equipment and slope transformation equipment according to the plan parameters, and completes zonal and standardized governance operations of soil improvement, vegetation establishment and slope transformation in sequence according to the independent governance units pre-divided in the watershed, so as to ensure that ecological restoration measures are accurately implemented in each governance area of ​​the watershed. Intelligent water allocation module: Based on the water allocation plan issued by the ecological decision-making and simulation module, it automatically controls the electrically controlled opening and closing components of water storage facilities within the basin, executes water allocation operations according to regulation requirements, and simultaneously feeds back data such as the opening and closing status of water storage facilities, real-time water storage volume, and operating conditions to the ecological decision-making and simulation module in real time, forming a closed-loop regulation system covering the entire process of monitoring, analysis, decision-making, treatment, and allocation. Figure 2 As shown.

[0023] Specifically, the key to the technical implementation of this invention lies in constructing a comprehensive ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system covering the entire watershed, all elements, and the entire process. This system first achieves full coverage, high-frequency collection, and classified transmission of watershed ecological parameters and water isotope samples through a high-density, standardized deployment of integrated monitoring nodes. Then, through standardized fusion of multi-source data and isotope characteristic matching, it completes the precise classification of water conservation components and quantitative calculation of conservation volume. Subsequently, relying on the ecological process coupling analysis framework, it completes the simulation of water pollution linkage response and comprehensive optimization of treatment schemes. Finally, it implements restoration measures through differentiated treatment by region and intelligent water volume regulation, while continuously optimizing regulation strategies based on facility operation data feedback, ensuring a stable improvement in the ecological restoration and water conservation effects of forest watersheds.

[0024] Optionally, when the multi-dimensional ecological sensing module is deployed as an integrated monitoring node throughout the entire forest watershed, it is arranged at a density of one node per hectare. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition component includes three types of functional components: a layered soil sensing component, a vegetation status acquisition component, and a hydrological and water quality acquisition component. The vertical deployment range of the layered soil sensing component is set from 0 cm to 100 cm, and an independent acquisition point is set every 20 cm within this range. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition component is fixed at a single data acquisition interval of 15 minutes to continuously acquire time-series and standardized ecological monitoring data.

[0025] Specifically, the multi-dimensional ecological sensing module is equipped with two physically independent data transmission channels. Soil parameter data packets, vegetation parameter data packets, and hydrological parameter data packets are transmitted externally via a 4G mobile communication network in a unified encapsulation format. The laboratory provides water body δ... 18 O, δ 2 H isotope detection result data packets are transmitted via a dedicated encrypted data interaction interface. Data transmitted through both channels is uniformly aggregated, verified, and deduplicated by the data aggregation platform, and then entered in real time into the basin's dedicated distributed ecological and hydrological database for storage, archiving, and traceability management, ensuring the stability and security of data transmission.

[0026] For example, when conducting multi-dimensional ecological sensing operations across a forest watershed, integrated monitoring nodes are deployed throughout the entire area at a density of one node per hectare. Layered soil sensing components are deployed at soil parameter acquisition units at depths of 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm within a soil layer ranging from 0 cm to 100 cm. Soil parameters, vegetation parameters, and hydrological parameters are collected and packaged at 15-minute intervals. After collection, the data packets of soil, vegetation, and hydrological parameters are transmitted in real-time via a 4G mobile communication network. The laboratory-scale water body δ-ray... 18 O, δ 2 H isotope detection result data packets are transmitted via a dedicated encrypted data interaction interface. All transmitted data is aggregated by the data aggregation platform and then entered into the basin's dedicated distributed ecological hydrology database for storage and archiving. The data can be retrieved at any time for subsequent water source component analysis.

[0027] Optionally, the water isotope sampling component equipped with the multi-dimensional ecological sensing module includes multiple independently deployed sampling points. The spacing between atmospheric precipitation sampling points is set at 2km, and the spacing between groundwater sampling points is set at 1km. At the same time, water sampling points are fixedly set at the outlet of the main water flow in the basin and at the confluence of all tributaries in the basin. On-site water sample collection follows fixed operating rules. Water samples are collected from all sampling points in the entire area within 1 hour after the precipitation ends. In the absence of precipitation, sampling is carried out according to the standard of completing a round of sampling in the entire area every 7 days. The collected samples are stored in sealed containers and sent for testing in a timely manner.

[0028] Specifically, when performing sampling operations, the water isotope sampling unit is deployed strictly according to the preset point spacing. All sampling points are fixedly marked, and uniform operating procedures are followed during the sampling process to ensure that the collected water samples are representative of the entire area. After the samples are collected, the sampling point, sampling time, and water type information are immediately marked to avoid sample confusion or contamination.

[0029] For example, when conducting water isotope sampling operations in a forest watershed, atmospheric precipitation sampling points are set up at 2km intervals, and groundwater sampling points are set up at 1km intervals. Simultaneously, water sampling points are fixedly set up at the outlet of the main watercourse and the confluence of all tributaries. After precipitation, atmospheric precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater samples are collected from all sampling points within one hour. Under no-precipitation conditions, water samples are collected from all sampling points every 7 days. All collected samples are sealed and preserved as required and sent to the laboratory for delta analysis. 18 O, δ 2 H isotope detection results are transmitted back to the water source component analysis module via a dedicated encrypted interface.

[0030] Optionally, the water source component analysis module performs a multi-source fusion processing procedure on the received conventional monitoring data and isotope detection data. This procedure includes several standardized processing steps: conventional field monitoring data is processed to remove abnormal values ​​using the 3σ judgment rule; missing monitoring data is filled in using linear interpolation; and monitoring data collected from different time periods and locations across the entire area are uniformly processed using Z-score calculation to achieve numerical standardization. The δ values ​​issued by the laboratory are then used to complete the process. 18 O detection data and δ 2 The H detection data were sequentially processed to correct for drift during the operation of the detection instrument system and to correct for natural fractionation of water isotopes generated during field sampling and sample transport.

[0031] Specifically, the water source component analysis module classifies water source conservation components into four categories: precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater. Each category is defined based on measured isotope values ​​of the corresponding water bodies. Precipitation water source conservation components are defined by comparing measured isotope values ​​of atmospheric precipitation with those of canopy penetration water. Surface water water source conservation components are defined based on measured isotope values ​​of water retained in forest surface litter. Soil water water source conservation components are defined based on monthly continuous measured isotope values ​​of vertical soil water bodies at depths of 0cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, and 100cm. Groundwater water source conservation components are defined based on monthly measured isotope values ​​of water bodies at fixed points in the deep groundwater runoff of the watershed. Optionally, the water source component analysis module uses an isotope-weighted conservation algorithm to calculate the overall water source conservation capacity of the watershed. The mathematical expression of the algorithm is: in: For the overall water conservation capacity of the basin, The values ​​represent the corresponding values ​​for the four water conservation components, where i = 1, 2, 3, and 4 correspond to precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater, respectively. These are the dynamic weight values ​​corresponding to the water conservation components. The isotope matching coefficient of the water source. Isotope tracer correction coefficients; dynamic weight values The mathematical expression, calculated using the normalization algorithm, is as follows: ; The sum of the corresponding values ​​of the four types of water conservation components, and the water source isotope matching coefficient. Calculated using the cosine similarity algorithm, the mathematical expression is: ; Let i be the measured isotope feature vector of the i-th type of water source. For standard water source isotope eigenvectors, Let be the magnitude of the measured isotopic eigenvector of the i-th type of water source. The modulus of the isotopic eigenvectors of the standard water source, and the isotopic tracer correction coefficient. The mathematical expression, calculated using the linear correction algorithm, is as follows: , To measure the isotope values ​​of the water body, The standard isotope values ​​are for water bodies.

[0032] For example, when performing water component analysis in a forest watershed, outliers are first removed from the received routine monitoring data using the 3σ criterion. For locations with missing data, linear interpolation is used to fill in the gaps. Then, Z-score calculation is used to standardize and unify the monitoring data across the entire area. The δ values ​​reported by the laboratory are then analyzed. 18 O, δ2 The H detection data were sequentially corrected for instrument drift and isotope natural fractionation. Then, based on the measured isotope values ​​of different water bodies, the four water conservation components of precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater were defined. The values ​​of the four components, dynamic weight values, isotope matching coefficients, and isotope tracer correction coefficients were substituted into the isotope weighted conservation algorithm to calculate the overall water conservation capacity of the basin and the contribution ratio of each component. The analysis results were pushed to the ecological decision-making and simulation module in real time.

[0033] Optionally, the ecological decision-making inference module establishes an ecological process coupling analysis architecture, inputting measured digital elevation data of the watershed, soil texture distribution data of different soil layers across the entire watershed, and land use type classification data for the entire watershed. The architecture delineates independent hydrological response units according to the natural catchment boundaries of the watershed and corresponding governance units according to the ecological attributes of land parcels. The architecture's data layer uniformly accesses time-series runoff statistics, stratified soil physicochemical data, watershed vegetation community distribution statistics, and various quantitative statistics on water source components output by the water source component analysis module, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0034] Specifically, the ecological process coupling analysis architecture divides the entire watershed into regions according to the topographic undulations of the watershed. After division, independent governance units and hydrological response units are formed. The architecture also stores the spatial collection path distribution data of rainwater, the migration path distribution data of nitrogen elements in the soil, and the migration path distribution data of phosphorus elements in the soil within each unit, providing complete basic data support for water pollution linkage coupling calculation and governance scheme deduction.

[0035] Optionally, the water-pollution linkage coupling algorithm invoked by the ecological decision-making inference module calculates the watershed non-point source pollution load. The mathematical expression of the algorithm is: in: This represents the non-point source pollution load value for the watershed. Preset pollution load values ​​for the watershed. The pollution reduction rate coefficient. Delineate the area of ​​small forest watersheds. This is the isotope origin correction factor. The overall water conservation capacity of the basin; pollution reduction rate coefficient. The mathematical expression, calculated using a fitting algorithm, is as follows: Isotope origin correction factor The mathematical expression, calculated using the weighted correction algorithm, is as follows: , The number of sampling points corresponding to the i-th type of water source. This represents the total number of sampling points across the entire area.

[0036] Optionally, the ecological decision-making simulation module employs a multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm to comprehensively rank multiple governance and allocation schemes. The mathematical expression of the algorithm is as follows: in: The comprehensive optimization index corresponding to the governance and allocation plan. To address the pollution load values ​​from subsequent source pollution control measures, To measure the non-point source pollution load values ​​in the watershed before the implementation of the remediation project, To determine the overall water conservation capacity of the basin after the completion of the treatment project. To assess the overall water conservation capacity of the basin before the implementation of the treatment plan, These are the weight values ​​corresponding to the pollution assessment dimensions. These are the weight values ​​corresponding to the dimensions of water conservation evaluation. The gain coefficient set for the isotope matching degree. The average value obtained by calculating the isotopic matching coefficients of all water source conservation components; weights of pollution assessment dimensions. The mathematical expression calculated using the analytic hierarchy process is as follows: , The scores for pollution assessment indicators, The scores for water conservation evaluation indicators and the weights of water conservation evaluation dimensions. Isotope matching degree gain coefficient The mathematical expression, calculated using the normalized gain algorithm, is as follows: ; This represents the maximum value of the average isotopic matching coefficient of water source conservation components under all treatment schemes.

[0037] For example, when conducting ecological decision-making simulations in forest watersheds, the measured digital elevation data of the watershed, the soil texture distribution data of the entire area, and the land use type classification data are entered into the ecological process coupling analysis framework. Hydrological response units are delineated according to the natural catchment boundaries of the watershed, and governance units are delineated according to the ecological attributes of the plots. At the same time, rainwater collection paths and soil nitrogen and phosphorus migration path data are entered. Subsequently, the water pollution linkage coupling algorithm is called, and the watershed's preset pollution load, pollution reduction rate coefficient, watershed area, isotope source correction coefficient, and overall water source capacity of the watershed are substituted into the data. Nutrient levels are calculated to determine the watershed non-point source pollution load under different governance scenarios. Then, the non-point source pollution load before and after governance, the water conservation volume before and after governance, the pollution assessment weight, the water conservation assessment weight, the isotope matching degree gain coefficient, and the average value of the isotope matching degree coefficient are substituted into the multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm to calculate the comprehensive optimization index of multiple governance and allocation schemes. The schemes are ranked according to the index, and the final ecological governance scheme and water allocation plan are determined. The governance scheme is sent to the regional ecological governance module, and the allocation plan is sent to the intelligent water allocation module.

[0038] Optionally, when implementing soil improvement measures in the zoned ecological treatment module, the mixed conditioning material used is prepared by mixing biochar raw materials and sepiolite raw materials in a fixed mass ratio of 3:1. The mixing process employs a thorough stirring mode to ensure uniform mixing of the materials. After mixing, the particle size of the materials is controlled within the range of 0.5mm to 2mm. The mixed conditioning material is then applied to the surface layer of the designated treatment plots at a rate of 15t / hm². 2 Up to 20t / hm 2 The quantitative layout standard is completed to achieve uniform and flat layout.

[0039] Specifically, when implementing vegetation construction measures in the zoned ecological treatment module, only two types of seedlings are allowed: black locust seedlings and sea buckthorn seedlings. The vertical soil penetration depth, horizontal row spacing, and vertical plant spacing of the seedlings within the plot are all set with reference to the stratified soil moisture spatial distribution data output by the water source component analysis module. The seedling layout work is carried out unit by unit according to the pre-divided independent treatment units of the watershed.

[0040] For example, when implementing zoned ecological restoration in a small forest watershed, biochar and sepiolite raw materials are first thoroughly mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1. After the materials are thoroughly mixed, the particle size is adjusted to between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, and the mixture is applied at a rate of 15 t / hm². 2 Up to 20t / hm 2 The quantitative standards were used to evenly spread the conditioning materials on the surface of the designated treatment plots to improve the soil. Then, black locust seedlings and sea buckthorn seedlings were selected. Based on the spatial distribution data of soil moisture in the layers, the vertical planting depth, horizontal row spacing, and longitudinal plant spacing of the seedlings were set. The seedlings were planted unit by unit according to the independent treatment units of the watershed. At the same time, slope transformation equipment was set up to complete the slope transformation operation. The entire process followed the requirements of the treatment plan to complete the zoned ecological treatment.

[0041] Specifically, after receiving the water allocation plan from the ecological decision-making and simulation module, the intelligent water allocation module controls the electrical control opening and closing components of the water storage facilities within the basin according to the planning parameters, and performs water storage, water release, and water replenishment regulation operations. At the same time, it collects the operating data of the water storage facilities in real time and feeds back the data such as facility opening and closing status, water storage volume, and operating conditions to the ecological decision-making and simulation module. The ecological decision-making and simulation module combines the feedback data and real-time monitoring data to dynamically optimize the allocation plan, forming a closed-loop regulation.

[0042] For example, when performing intelligent water allocation operations in a forest watershed, the intelligent water allocation module receives the water allocation plan and immediately controls the electrical control components of the water storage facilities within the watershed to strictly execute water control operations according to the allocation plan. During the control process, the module continuously collects the operating data of the water storage facilities and feeds the facility operating data back to the ecological decision-making module at fixed intervals. The ecological decision-making module combines the real-time monitoring data from the multi-dimensional ecological perception module with the facility operating data to dynamically adjust the allocation plan. The intelligent water allocation module then executes the adjusted control commands simultaneously, continuously ensuring the stability and accuracy of watershed water conservation control.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system, characterized in that, include: Multidimensional ecological sensing module: Deploy integrated monitoring nodes covering the watershed. The nodes integrate conventional ecological parameter acquisition components and water isotope sampling components to collect soil parameters, vegetation parameters, hydrological parameters and samples of multiple types of natural water bodies and transmit them to the water source component analysis module. Water source component analysis module: The received data is fused from multiple sources, and the water source conservation components of precipitation, surface water, soil water and groundwater are divided based on the isotopic characteristics of water bodies. The isotope weighted conservation algorithm is used to calculate the water source conservation capacity and the contribution ratio of each component. The analysis results are sent to the ecological decision inference module. Ecological decision-making simulation module: Combines watershed topography, soil and land use information to construct an ecological process coupling analysis framework, calls water pollution linkage coupling algorithm to calculate water quantity and water quality coupling response under different governance scenarios, calls multi-dimensional effectiveness optimization algorithm to rank the ecological restoration effectiveness of various governance and allocation schemes to determine the governance scheme and allocation plan, and sends the governance scheme to the regional ecological treatment module and the allocation plan to the intelligent water quantity allocation module. Zonal ecological treatment module: Based on the treatment plan, soil remediation equipment, vegetation planting equipment and slope transformation equipment are configured, and ecological treatment operations are carried out according to zoning. Intelligent water allocation module: Controls the electrical control components of water storage facilities within the basin according to the allocation plan, and feeds back the facility operation data to the ecological decision-making and simulation module.

2. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated monitoring nodes within the multidimensional ecological sensing module are arranged across the entire area at a density of one per hectare. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition components include stratified soil sensing components, vegetation status acquisition components, and hydrological and water quality acquisition components. The stratified soil sensing components are set to be installed in a range of 0 cm to 100 cm, with a set of acquisition points set every 20 cm within the range. The conventional ecological parameter acquisition components are set to a 15-minute interval for each data acquisition.

3. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional ecological sensing module is equipped with a water isotope sampling component that includes multiple independently deployed sampling points. The spacing between atmospheric precipitation sampling points is set at 2km, and the spacing between groundwater sampling points is set at 1km. Water sampling points are fixedly set at the outlet of the main water flow in the basin and at the confluence of all tributaries within the basin. On-site water sample collection is completed within 1 hour after precipitation ends. In the absence of precipitation, the deployment operation is carried out according to the standard of completing a round of full-area sample collection every 7 days.

4. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source fusion processing flow executed by the water source component analysis module includes several standardized processing steps. Routine field monitoring data undergoes anomaly screening using the 3σ judgment rule. Missing data is filled using linear interpolation. Monitoring data collected from different locations at different times across the entire region undergoes standardized processing using Z-score calculation. The laboratory-generated δ... 18 O detection data and δ 2 The H detection data were sequentially processed to correct for drift during the operation of the detection instrument system and to correct for natural fractionation of water isotopes generated during field sampling and sample transport.

5. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water source component analysis module classifies water source conservation components into four categories, all defined based on the measured isotope values ​​of the corresponding water bodies. Precipitation water source conservation components are defined by comparing the measured isotope values ​​of atmospheric precipitation in the field with the measured isotope values ​​of canopy penetration water. Surface water water source conservation components are defined based on the measured isotope values ​​of water bodies retained by forest surface litter. Soil water water source conservation components are defined based on the monthly continuous measured isotope values ​​of vertical soil water bodies at multiple layers (0cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, and 100cm). Groundwater water source conservation components are defined based on the monthly measured isotope values ​​of water bodies at fixed points of deep groundwater runoff in the watershed.

6. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological decision-making deduction module establishes an ecological process coupling analysis architecture that inputs measured digital elevation data of the watershed, soil texture distribution data of different soil layers across the entire area, and land use type classification data of the entire watershed. The architecture delineates independent hydrological response units based on the natural catchment boundaries of the watershed and delineates corresponding governance units based on the ecological attributes of the plots. The architecture's data layer uniformly accesses time-series runoff statistics, stratified soil physicochemical data, watershed vegetation community distribution statistics, and various quantitative statistics of water source components output by the water source component analysis module.

7. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data entered into the ecological process coupling analysis architecture includes watershed digital elevation topographic data, whole-area soil type distribution data, and regional land use classification data. The ecological process coupling analysis architecture divides the entire watershed into regions according to the topographic undulation trend of the watershed, forming independent governance units and hydrological response units. The ecological process coupling analysis architecture also stores the spatial collection path arrangement data of rainwater, the migration path arrangement data of nitrogen element in soil, and the migration path arrangement data of phosphorus element in soil within each unit.

8. The forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the soil improvement measures implemented by the zoned ecological treatment module, the mixed conditioning material used is prepared by mixing biochar raw materials and sepiolite raw materials in a fixed mass ratio of 3:

1. The mixing process adopts a thorough stirring mode to ensure uniform mixing of the materials. After mixing, the particle size of the materials is controlled within the range of 0.5mm to 2mm. The mixed conditioning material is applied to the surface layer of the designated treatment plots at a rate of 15t / hm². 2 Up to 20t / hm 2 The quantitative layout standard is completed to achieve uniform and flat layout.

9. A forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation construction measures implemented by the zonal ecological treatment module are limited to the use of two types of seedlings: black locust seedlings and sea buckthorn seedlings. The vertical soil penetration depth, horizontal row spacing, and vertical plant spacing of the seedlings within the plot are all set with reference to the stratified soil moisture spatial distribution data output by the water source component analysis module. The seedling layout work is carried out unit by unit according to the pre-divided independent treatment units of the watershed.

10. A forest small watershed ecological restoration and water conservation regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multidimensional ecological sensing module is equipped with two physically independent data transmission channels. Soil parameter data packets, vegetation parameter data packets, and hydrological parameter data packets are transmitted outward through a 4G mobile communication network in a unified manner according to a fixed encapsulation format. All water isotope detection result data packets issued by the laboratory are transmitted in a targeted manner through a dedicated encrypted data interaction interface. The data transmitted through both channels are uniformly summarized by the data aggregation platform and entered into the internal storage and archiving of the watershed eco-hydrology dedicated distributed database.

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