Adaptive mhd regulated fusion blanket module and frc fusion system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fusion blanket and discloses a fusion blanket module with adaptive MHD regulation and an FRC fusion system, the fusion blanket module comprising a toroidal blanket body, a first movable flow resistance piece and a second movable flow resistance piece, the toroidal blanket body having a plurality of sub-blankets arranged circumferentially and extending in the length direction of the toroidal blanket body, each sub-blanket having a first flow channel located inside the toroidal blanket body and a second flow channel located outside the toroidal blanket body, the first flow channel being in communication with the second flow channel at the end of the toroidal blanket body, and the first movable flow resistance piece being movably arranged in the first flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow of the first flow channel. The fusion blanket module can overcome the technical problem of how liquid metal adapts to changes in magnetic field strength, and by changing the cross-sectional flow of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, the flow and flow rate of the liquid metal can be changed to adapt to different magnetic field strength change environments and weaken the MHD effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fusion blanket technology, and more specifically, to an adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module and an FRC fusion system. Background Technology

[0002] The blanket is a core component of fusion reactors, enabling tritium self-sufficiency, energy conversion, and radiation shielding. Liquid lithium-lead (LL-L) blankets are preferred for advanced blankets due to their dual functions as a tritium breeder and neutron multiplier, simple structure, online tritium extraction capability, and ease of high-temperature extension. However, in existing tokamak fusion reactors, where the reactor operates in a steady-state mode and uses a uniform steady-state magnetic field to confine high-temperature plasma, the LL-L blanket is typically deployed inside a vacuum chamber. Under strong magnetic fields, LL-L generates a strong MHD effect with conductive structural materials, leading to a surge in flow resistance, increased energy loss, and impact on the thermal-hydraulic stability of the blanket. It also introduces the problem of vacuum loss at blanket breaches. Although some solutions use silicon carbide inserts to reduce the MHD effect, the fixed structure of these inserts cannot adapt to variations in magnetic field strength under different operating conditions of the fusion reactor. Secondly, the field inversion configuration (FRC) operates differently from the tokamak. FRC typically operates in pulsed mode, achieving high-density plasma for fusion through magnetic compression technology. Therefore, its confinement magnetic field strength is higher and dynamically changing. Throughout the entire process of a fusion reactor, from startup to shutdown, plasma parameters, thermal load, and magnetic field strength all change dynamically. The existing fixed structure of the blanket cannot adapt to these fluctuations in real time, leading to decreased operational stability and reliability. Thirdly, the structure of the FRC differs from that of the tokamak. Tokamaks are mostly toroidal structures, while FRCs are typically compact linear structures. Existing blankets cannot match linear structures.

[0003] In the existing technology, how liquid metal can adapt to changes in magnetic field strength is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose an adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module and an FRC fusion system. The fusion blanket module includes a ring-shaped blanket body, a first movable flow-blocking plate, and a second movable flow-blocking plate. The ring-shaped blanket body has multiple sub-cladding layers arranged circumferentially and extending along its length. Each sub-cladding layer has a first flow channel located inside the ring-shaped blanket body and a second flow channel located outside the ring-shaped blanket body. The first flow channel communicates with the second flow channel at an end of the ring-shaped blanket body. The first movable flow-blocking plate is movably disposed in the first flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel. The fusion blanket module can overcome the technical problem of how liquid metal adapts to changes in magnetic field strength. By changing the cross-sectional flow rates of the first and second flow channels, the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal can be changed to adapt to environments with varying magnetic field strengths, thereby weakening the MHD effect.

[0005] The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module of the present invention includes:

[0006] An annular cladding body has a plurality of sub-claddings arranged circumferentially and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body. Each sub-cladding has a first flow channel located inside the annular cladding body and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body, and a second flow channel located outside the annular cladding body and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body. The first flow channel communicates with the second flow channel at an end of the annular cladding body.

[0007] A first movable flow baffle is movably disposed in the first flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel;

[0008] The second movable flow baffle is movably disposed in the second flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the second flow channel.

[0009] Optionally, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are stacked on top of each other.

[0010] Optionally, the first flow channel is provided with multiple channels; and / or

[0011] The second flow channel has multiple channels.

[0012] Optionally, multiple first movable flow-blocking plates are provided, and the multiple first movable flow-blocking plates are arranged in an array along the length direction of the annular cladding body; and / or

[0013] The second movable flow-blocking plate is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple second movable flow-blocking plates are arranged in an array along the length direction of the annular cladding body.

[0014] Optionally, the first movable flow barrier and the second movable flow barrier are movably opened along the flow direction of the medium.

[0015] Optionally, both the first movable flow barrier and the second movable flow barrier are coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer.

[0016] Optionally, the fusion blanket module further includes a first transmission component and a second transmission component;

[0017] The first transmission assembly includes a first transmission rod and a first driven rod. The first transmission rod is movably disposed within the first flow channel along the length direction of the annular cladding body. The first driven rod is disposed within the first flow channel and is connected to the first movable baffle. The first driven rod is orthogonal to the first transmission rod. The first transmission rod and the first driven rod are in a transmission engagement to drive the first driven rod to rotate, thereby changing the position of the first movable baffle.

[0018] The second transmission assembly includes a second transmission rod and a second driven rod. The second transmission rod is movably disposed within the second flow channel along the length of the annular cladding body. The second driven rod is disposed within the second flow channel and is connected to the second movable baffle. The second driven rod is orthogonal to the second transmission rod. The second transmission rod and the second driven rod are in a transmission engagement to drive the second driven rod to rotate, thereby changing the position of the second movable baffle.

[0019] Optionally, two of the first movable baffles are connected to the first driven rod; and / or

[0020] Two second movable baffles are connected to the second driven rod.

[0021] Optionally, the fusion blanket module includes:

[0022] A first conduit extends into the annular cladding body and is connected to the first flow channel;

[0023] The second conduit extends into the annular cladding body and communicates with the second flow channel.

[0024] Another FRC fusion system of the present invention includes:

[0025] The aforementioned adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sub-cladding layer in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2This is a front view schematic diagram of the fusion blanket module in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the first movable flow-blocking plate, the second movable flow-blocking plate, the first transmission component, and the second transmission component in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the assembly between the first movable flow-blocking plate, the second movable flow-blocking plate, the first transmission component, and the second transmission component in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first and second pipes in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is an overall schematic diagram of the FRC fusion system in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1000-Fusion blanket module, 100-Annular blanket body, 110-Sub-cladding, 111-First flow channel, 112-Second flow channel, 200-First movable baffle, 300-Second movable baffle, 400-First transmission assembly, 410-First transmission rod, 420-First driven rod, 500-Second transmission assembly, 510-Second transmission rod, 520-Second driven rod, 600-First pipe, 700-Second pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module 1000 of this invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the fusion blanket module 1000 of this embodiment includes an annular blanket body 100, a first movable flow-blocking plate 200, and a second movable flow-blocking plate 300.

[0035] The annular cladding body 100 has a plurality of sub-claddings 110 arranged circumferentially and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body 100. Each sub-cladding 110 has a first flow channel 111 located inside the annular cladding body 100 and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body 100, and a second flow channel 112 located outside the annular cladding body 100 and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body 100. The first flow channel 111 communicates with the second flow channel 112 at the end of the annular cladding body 100. A first movable flow baffle 200 is movably disposed in the first flow channel 111 to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel 111. A second movable flow baffle 300 is movably disposed in the second flow channel 112 to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the second flow channel 112.

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fusion blanket module 1000 has a first movable flow-blocking plate 200 and a second movable flow-blocking plate 300, which are respectively movable within the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112. By changing their cross-sectional flow rates, the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal can be altered to adapt to environments with varying magnetic field strengths and to weaken the MHD effect. In other words, when the magnetic field strength increases, the cross-sectional flow rates of the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 are increased to reduce the velocity gradient and decrease flow resistance; when the magnetic field strength decreases, the cross-sectional flow rates of the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 are decreased to increase the velocity, enhance heat transfer, and ensure tritium breeding efficiency.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in order to make the technical solution of this application easier to understand, the technical solution of this application will be described in more detail below with a specific embodiment of the adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module 1000.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the annular cladding body 100 is mainly located outside the compression coil in the fusion region.

[0039] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the annular cladding body 100 has a plurality of sub-cladding layers 110 arranged circumferentially and extending along the length of the annular cladding body 100, that is, the plurality of sub-cladding layers 110 surround the annular cladding body 100 to form the annular cladding body 100. The sub-cladding layers 110 have a first flow channel 111 located inside the annular cladding body 100 and extending along the length of the annular cladding body 100, and a second flow channel 112 located outside the annular cladding body 100 and extending along the length of the annular cladding body 100. The first flow channel 111 communicates with the second flow channel 112 at the end of the annular cladding body 100, and liquid metal can flow within the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the first movable baffle 200 is movably disposed in the first flow channel 111 to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel 111. Specifically, the first movable baffle 200 can be movable in the first flow channel 111, that is, by changing the position of the first movable baffle 200, the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel 111 can be changed, thereby changing the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal to adapt to different magnetic field strength changes and weaken the MHD effect.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the second movable baffle 300 is movably disposed in the second flow channel 112 to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the second flow channel 112. Specifically, the second movable baffle 300 can be movable in the second flow channel 112, that is, changing the position of the second movable baffle 300 changes the cross-sectional flow rate of the second flow channel 112, thereby changing the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal to adapt to different magnetic field strength variations and weaken the MHD effect.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 are stacked on top of each other.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first flow channel 111 has multiple channels.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the second flow channel 112 has multiple channels.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, multiple first movable flow-blocking plates 200 are provided, and these plates are arranged in an array along the length of the annular cladding body 100. Specifically, the multiple first movable flow-blocking plates 200 arranged in the first flow channel 111 can more accurately and stably control the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal. That is to say, when the liquid metal enters the first flow channel 111, if there is only one first movable flow-blocking plate 200 in the first flow channel 111, although the first movable flow-blocking plate 200 can obstruct the flow of the liquid metal, it cannot accurately and stably control the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal. By setting multiple first movable flow-blocking plates 200 in the first flow channel 111, the multiple first movable flow-blocking plates 200 work together to more stably control the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, multiple second movable flow deflectors 200 are provided, and the multiple second movable flow deflectors 200 are arranged in an array along the length direction of the annular cladding body 100. Specifically, the function and technical effect of providing multiple second movable flow deflectors 200 are similar to the function and technical effect of providing multiple first movable flow deflectors 200, and will not be repeated here.

[0047] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the first movable flow-blocking plate 200 and the second movable flow-blocking plate 300 are movably opened along the flow direction of the medium. Specifically, the first flow channel 111 is connected to the second flow channel 112 at the end of the annular cladding body 100, that is, the flow direction of the liquid metal in the first flow channel 111 is opposite to the flow direction of the liquid metal in the second flow channel 112. The first movable flow-blocking plate 200 and the second movable flow-blocking plate 300 are movably opened along the flow direction of the medium, which can more stably achieve the obstruction of the liquid metal.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, both the first movable flow-blocking plate 200 and the second movable flow-blocking plate 300 are coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulating layer. Specifically, the PTFE insulating layer can reduce the electromagnetic induction loss between the liquid metal and the first movable flow-blocking plate 200 and the second movable flow-blocking plate 300.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the first transmission assembly 400 includes a first transmission rod 410 and a first driven rod 420. The first transmission rod 410 is movably disposed within the first flow channel 111 along the length of the annular cladding body 100. The first driven rod 420 is disposed within the first flow channel 111 and is connected to the first movable baffle 200. The first driven rod 420 is orthogonal to the first transmission rod 410. The first transmission rod 410 and the first driven rod 420 are in a transmission engagement, driving the first driven rod 420 to rotate, thereby changing the position of the first movable baffle 200. Specifically, within the first flow channel 111, the first transmission rod 410 is movable along the length of the annular cladding body 100, thereby driving the first driven rod 420 to rotate. The rotating first driven rod 420 can further drive the first movable baffle 200 to move, thereby changing the position of the first movable baffle 200, that is, changing the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel 111, thus changing the flow rate and velocity of the liquid metal to adapt to different magnetic field strength variations and weaken the MHD effect. The first transmission rod 410 and the first driven rod 420 are driven by gear meshing.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the second transmission assembly 500 includes a second transmission rod 510 and a second driven rod 520. The second transmission rod 510 is movably disposed within the second flow channel 112 along the length of the annular cladding body 100. The second driven rod 520 is disposed within the second flow channel 112 and is connected to the second movable baffle 300. The second driven rod 520 is orthogonal to the second transmission rod 510. The second transmission rod 510 and the second driven rod 520 are in a transmission engagement, driving the second driven rod 520 to rotate, thereby changing the position of the second movable baffle 300. Specifically, the working principle and technical effects of the second transmission assembly 500 are similar to those of the first transmission assembly 400, and will not be repeated here.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, two first movable baffles 200 are connected to the first driven rod 410.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, two second movable baffles 300 are connected to the second driven rod 510.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the first conduit 600 extends into the annular cladding body 100 and is connected to the first flow channel 111. Specifically, liquid metal can flow between the first conduit 600 and the first flow channel 111.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the second conduit 700 extends into the annular cladding body 100 and communicates with the second flow channel 112. Specifically, liquid metal can flow between the second conduit 700 and the second flow channel 112.

[0055] It should be noted that, in a specific embodiment of this technical solution, the liquid metal flows through

[0056] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the FRC fusion system includes an adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module 1000.

[0057] In the FRC fusion system, the control module adjusts the positions of the first movable baffle 200 and the second movable baffle 300 based on the magnetic field data collected by the magnetic field strength sensor, thereby changing the equivalent cross-sectional area and flow path of the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 to dynamically weaken the MHD effect. When the magnetic field strength increases, the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 is increased to reduce the velocity gradient and decrease flow resistance; when the magnetic field strength decreases, the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 111 and the second flow channel 112 is decreased to increase the flow velocity, enhance heat transfer, and ensure tritium breeding efficiency.

[0058] The control module integrates data acquisition, simulation analysis, and command output functions. It is connected to the magnetic field strength sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor, electromagnetic drive mechanism, circulating pump, and flow regulating valve signals, respectively. Based on the real-time acquired operating parameters and the positions of the first movable flow baffle 200 and the second movable flow baffle 300, it realizes intelligent adaptation and closed-loop control of the cladding operation status.

[0059] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0060] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0061] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0062] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0063] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0064] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fusion blanket module with adaptive MHD regulation, characterized in that, include: An annular cladding body has a plurality of sub-claddings arranged circumferentially and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body. Each sub-cladding has a first flow channel located inside the annular cladding body and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body, and a second flow channel located outside the annular cladding body and extending in the length direction of the annular cladding body. The first flow channel communicates with the second flow channel at an end of the annular cladding body. A first movable flow baffle is movably disposed in the first flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the first flow channel; The second movable flow baffle is movably disposed in the second flow channel to change the cross-sectional flow rate of the second flow channel.

2. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first flow channel and the second flow channel are stacked on top of each other.

3. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first flow channel is provided with multiple; and / or The second flow channel has multiple channels.

4. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first movable flow-blocking plate is provided in multiple forms, and the multiple first movable flow-blocking plates are arranged in an array along the length direction of the annular cladding body; and / or The second movable flow-blocking plate is provided in multiple forms, and the multiple second movable flow-blocking plates are arranged in an array along the length direction of the annular cladding body.

5. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first movable flow-blocking plate and the second movable flow-blocking plate open movably along the flow direction of the medium.

6. The fusion blanket module with adaptive MHD regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first movable flow-blocking plate and the second movable flow-blocking plate are coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer.

7. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first transmission assembly and a second transmission assembly; The first transmission assembly includes a first transmission rod and a first driven rod. The first transmission rod is movably disposed within the first flow channel along the length direction of the annular cladding body. The first driven rod is disposed within the first flow channel and is connected to the first movable baffle. The first driven rod is orthogonal to the first transmission rod. The first transmission rod and the first driven rod are in a transmission engagement to drive the first driven rod to rotate, thereby changing the position of the first movable baffle. The second transmission assembly includes a second transmission rod and a second driven rod. The second transmission rod is movably disposed within the second flow channel along the length of the annular cladding body. The second driven rod is disposed within the second flow channel and is connected to the second movable baffle. The second driven rod is orthogonal to the second transmission rod. The second transmission rod and the second driven rod are in a transmission engagement to drive the second driven rod to rotate, thereby changing the position of the second movable baffle.

8. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first driven rod is connected to two of the first movable baffles; and / or Two second movable baffles are connected to the second driven rod.

9. The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: A first conduit extends into the annular cladding body and is connected to the first flow channel; The second conduit extends into the annular cladding body and communicates with the second flow channel.

10. An FRC fusion system, characterized in that, include: The adaptive MHD-controlled fusion blanket module according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images