A nuclear reactor seal quick opening structure

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of nuclear system related equipment, and specifically relates to a nuclear reactor sealing quick opening structure, which comprises: a quick opening part, comprising a plurality of guide seats vertically installed at the side walls of a reactor vessel, the bottom of the reactor vessel is provided with a positioning flange for aligning a cover door, and an L-shaped hook is installed on the guide seat through a transmission assembly for locking or opening the cover door; a sealing part, comprising a sunken stepped groove arranged at the sealing surface of the cover door and the positioning flange, and at least two levels of sealing washers are installed along the sunken stepped groove; the quick opening structure cooperates with the sunken stepped groove as a sealing structure, can realize the rotation-free opening and closing function of the cover door, avoid the friction and wear of dust and material accumulation with the sealing ring, improve the sealing reliability, and can be applied to harsh working conditions such as grease-averse and high dust; the multi-shaft pin linkage transmission assembly can realize the opening and closing of the cover door, replace manual operation, reduce labor intensity and radiation exposure risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear system-related equipment technology, specifically to a quick-opening structure for sealing nuclear reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear reactors are core vertical container equipment in nuclear chemical and nuclear material process systems. They are usually built into a sealed working chamber, with the door located at the bottom of the container and inside the working chamber. They are suitable for harsh process conditions such as high temperature, fluoride dust, and oil and grease. The working chamber must always maintain a sealed atmosphere to ensure reaction stability and operational safety.

[0003] The opening and closing of the doors of existing nuclear reactors mostly rely on manual rotation for fixation. However, the doors and the upper reactant materials bear heavy loads, resulting in high labor intensity for operators and significant radiation exposure risks. Their sealing structures mostly use lip seals, but the rotational action of opening and closing the doors causes the seals to be constantly subjected to friction, making them prone to damage. Fluoride dust generated by the reaction can also easily escape and deposit on the sealing surface, further aggravating the wear of the seals and leading to seal failure and leakage of the working chamber. In addition, contact between reactants and grease can easily trigger side reactions. The components inside the working chamber cannot be lubricated with grease, and traditional transmission and sealing structures are difficult to adapt to this oil-free environment, which seriously restricts the automated operation and process stability of the reactor.

[0004] In summary, the existing nuclear reactor cover structure has significant deficiencies in terms of automated opening and closing and sealing reliability. A quick-opening sealing structure that can achieve long-term sealing is needed to meet the requirements of efficient, safe and automated operation of nuclear processes. Therefore, we propose a quick-opening sealing structure for nuclear reactors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings mentioned in the background section and provide a quick-opening structure for sealing nuclear reactors.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A quick-opening sealing structure for a nuclear reactor, comprising: The quick-opening section includes multiple guide seats that are vertically installed on the side walls of the reaction vessel. The bottom of the reaction vessel is provided with a positioning flange for aligning the installation of the cover door. The guide seats are equipped with L-shaped hooks for locking or opening the cover door via a transmission assembly. The sealing part includes a recessed stepped groove provided at the sealing surfaces of the cover and the positioning flange, and at least two levels of sealing gaskets are installed along the recessed stepped groove.

[0007] Preferably, the recessed stepped groove includes a recessed conical groove and a horizontal annular groove that are continuously arranged on the inner side and inner and outer edges of the cover door; The sealing gasket includes a second O-ring and a first O-ring respectively installed at the recessed conical groove and the horizontal annular groove.

[0008] Preferably, the inner side of the cover is vertically connected with a plurality of annularly distributed arc plates, and the plurality of arc plates are inserted into the inner edge of the positioning flange.

[0009] Preferably, a guide groove is vertically provided on the guide seat, and the guide groove has an L-shaped structure that moves from top to bottom and outward away from the reaction vessel.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a power link with a transmission link hinged at its bottom end via a third shaft pin, the other end of the transmission link being hinged to the middle of a manual lever via a fourth shaft pin, and the manual lever being hinged to one end of a connecting plate via a second shaft pin. The other end of the connecting plate is hinged to the vertical rod via a connecting pin; The manual lever is hinged to the guide seat at its inner end via a first pivot pin.

[0011] Preferably, the top end of the vertical rod is hinged to the L-shaped hook via a first guide pin, and a second guide pin is fixedly mounted on the L-shaped hook, the second guide pin being slidably embedded in the guide groove.

[0012] Preferably, a bushing ring pressure plate is detachably installed inside the guide seat, and an oil-free bushing for slidingly fitting on the vertical rod is installed below the bushing ring pressure plate.

[0013] Preferably, the top end of the power link is used to connect to an external vertical reciprocating drive power source; When the power linkage moves vertically downward, the manual lever rotates counterclockwise around the first pivot pin, causing the L-shaped hook to move downward along the guide groove and open outward.

[0014] Preferably, the oil-free bushing is made of copper sleeve inlaid with graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene material.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom end of the L-shaped hook is equipped with a pad for fitting the cover door.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The nuclear reactor has a quick-opening sealing structure, which, together with a sunken stepped groove as a sealing structure, enables the door to open and close without rotation. This avoids dust accumulation and friction wear on the sealing ring, improves sealing reliability, and is suitable for harsh working conditions such as oil-sensitive and high-dust environments. 2. The multi-axis pin linkage transmission component can realize the opening and closing of the cover door, replacing manual operation and reducing labor intensity and radiation exposure risk. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation relationship of an embodiment of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a sectional view showing the installation relationship between the cover and the cylinder of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide seat of the present invention.

[0018] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Pad; 2. L-shaped hook; 3. Cover; 4. Positioning flange; 5. Reaction vessel; 6. Head; 7. Arc plate; 8. First O-ring seal; 9. Second O-ring seal; 11. Guide seat; 12. First shaft pin; 13. Second shaft pin; 14. Third shaft pin; 15. Power linkage; 16. Transmission linkage; 17. Manual lever; 18. Fourth shaft pin; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Vertical rod; 21. Oil-free bushing; 22. Bushing ring pressure plate; 23. First guide pin; 24. Second guide pin; 25. Connecting pin. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-5 The present invention will describe the above technical solution in detail through the following embodiments: The quick-opening sealing structure for nuclear reactors in this embodiment is suitable for use with nuclear reactors in nuclear chemical engineering and nuclear materials processes within the nuclear system field. It is adaptable to the harsh operating conditions of high temperatures, fluoride dust, and the absence of grease within the working chamber. Through the design of the quick-opening and sealing sections, it achieves automated and rapid opening and closing of the reactor cover while ensuring long-term sealing performance. This solves the problems of traditional nuclear reactor cover openings, such as high labor intensity during manual operation, high radiation risk, easy seal wear and failure, and the inability of the transmission structure to adapt to oil-free environments. The overall structure is as follows: Figure 1-5As shown, the core consists of a quick-opening section and a sealing section. The quick-opening section includes guide seats 11, L-shaped hooks 2, and a transmission assembly with multi-axis pin linkage, all evenly distributed around the reaction vessel 5. The sealing section is a double-layer sealing structure with a recessed stepped groove between the cover door 3 and the positioning flange 4. The top of the reaction vessel 5 is sealed with a head 6, forming a complete vertical reaction vessel structure that meets the closed reaction requirements of nuclear reactors.

[0021] The reaction vessel 5 is the core vertical housing structure of the nuclear reactor. Its bottom end is integrally formed with a positioning flange 4, which is an annular flange structure used to achieve precise alignment and installation of the cover door 3 with the reaction vessel 5, providing a basic positioning for sealing and locking. Guide seats 11 are vertically and evenly fixedly installed on the four side walls of the reaction vessel 5. In this embodiment, four sets of guide seats 11 are arranged in a ring around the circumference of the reaction vessel 5 to ensure uniform locking force of the L-shaped hooks 2 on the cover door 3, preventing the cover door 3 from shifting under force and causing sealing failure. The guide seats 11 have vertically opened... Figure 5 The guide groove shown is an L-shaped structure that extends outward from the top to the bottom away from the reaction vessel 5. It provides precise guidance for the movement of the L-shaped hook 2, enabling its "downward-outward" opening action and "upward-inward" locking action.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the cover door 3 is an annular plate structure adapted to the positioning flange 4, serving as a sealing and opening / closing component at the bottom of the reaction vessel 5. A sealing section is provided at the mating point with the positioning flange 4. This sealing section includes a recessed stepped groove on the inner side of the cover door 3. This recessed stepped groove consists of a recessed conical groove and a horizontal annular groove continuously arranged along the inner and outer edges of the inner side of the cover door 3. The recessed conical groove is located on the inner side, and the horizontal annular groove is located on the outer side. The two are coaxially arranged to form a stepped sealing structure. A second O-ring seal 9 is embedded in the recessed conical groove, and a first O-ring seal 8 is embedded in the horizontal annular groove. The two sealing rings form a double-layer sealing barrier. The second O-ring seal 9 serves as the first seal, primarily isolating fluoride dust generated during the nuclear reaction and preventing dust deposition from affecting the sealing effect. The first O-ring seal 8 serves as the second seal, ensuring the airtightness of the reaction vessel 5, adapting to the high-pressure, closed-loop reaction requirements of nuclear processes.

[0023] In this embodiment, multiple annularly distributed arc plates 7 are vertically fixedly connected to the inside of the cover 3. In this embodiment, the number of arc plates 7 and guide seats 11 are matched and staggered. The end of the arc plate 7 away from the cover 3 is inserted into the inner edge of the positioning flange 4, which not only achieves secondary precise alignment between the cover 3 and the positioning flange 4, but also limits the position of the reactant crucible in the reaction vessel 5, preventing the crucible from shaking due to violent reaction during the reaction process and ensuring the stability of the reaction.

[0024] like Figure 3 , Figure 4The transmission assembly of the quick-opening section is a multi-axis pin-hinged linkage structure, which realizes precise power transmission and motion control of the L-shaped hook 2. The transmission assembly includes a power link 15, a transmission link 16, a manual lever 17, a connecting plate 19, a vertical rod 20, and a first axle pin 12, a second axle pin 13, a third axle pin 14, a fourth axle pin 18, a connecting pin 25, a first guide pin 23, and a second guide pin 24. The power link 15 is vertically arranged, and its top end extends to the outside of the working box for connecting external vertical reciprocating drives such as cylinders and electric cylinders. The power source is hinged at its bottom end to one end of the transmission link 16 via the third shaft pin 14. The other end of the transmission link 16 is hinged to the middle of the manual lever 17 via the fourth shaft pin 18. The manual lever 17 is hinged to one end of the connecting plate 19 via the second shaft pin 13. The other end of the connecting plate 19 is hinged to the top of the vertical rod 20 via the connecting pin 25. In order to obtain rotational stretching or downward pressing action, an installation foundation is required. The manual lever 17 is hinged to the guide seat 11 at its inner end via the first shaft pin 12, forming a multi-link hinged linkage structure.

[0025] The vertical rod 20 is set vertically, and its top end is hinged to the top end of the L-shaped hook 2 through the first guide pin 23. The top end of the L-shaped hook 2 is equipped with a second guide pin 24. The first guide pin 23 and the second guide pin 24 are slidably embedded in the L-shaped guide groove of the guide seat 11. The bottom end of the L-shaped hook 2 faces the cover door 3 and a pad 1 is installed at the bottom end. The pad 1 is made of wear-resistant hard rubber and is used to fit against the upper surface of the cover door 3 to avoid the L-shaped hook 2 directly contacting the cover door 3 and causing wear. At the same time, by replacing the pad 1 of different thicknesses, the locking pressure of the L-shaped hook 2 on the cover door 3 can be precisely adjusted to ensure that the compression of the sealing gasket is uniform and improve the sealing effect.

[0026] A bushing ring pressure plate 22 can also be detachably installed on the inner side of the guide seat 11. The bushing ring pressure plate 22 is fixed to the guide seat 11 by screws. An oil-free bushing 21 is installed below it. The oil-free bushing 21 is made of copper sleeve inlaid with graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene material, which has self-lubricating properties and does not require grease lubrication, perfectly adapting to the grease-free working conditions in the working box. The oil-free bushing 21 is coaxially slidably fitted on the outside of the vertical rod 20, providing support and guidance for the vertical reciprocating motion of the vertical rod 20 and reducing friction loss, preventing the vertical rod 20 from jamming, and preventing fluoride dust in the working box from entering the transmission gap, ensuring the operational stability of the transmission components.

[0027] The working process of the nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure of the present invention is divided into two core stages: door locking and sealing, and door unlocking and opening. It also supports manual emergency operation and is fully adaptable to the oil-free, high-dust, and strong-radiation conditions of nuclear work boxes. The specific implementation principle is as follows: Door 3 locking and sealing stage: The external power source drives the power linkage 15 to move vertically upward. The power linkage 15 drives the transmission linkage 16 to swing upward through the third shaft pin 14. The transmission linkage 16 pulls the manual lever 17 to rotate clockwise around the first shaft pin 12 through the fourth shaft pin 18. The manual lever 17 pushes the connecting plate 19 to swing upward through the second shaft pin 13. The connecting plate 19 drives the vertical rod 20 to move vertically upward along the oil-free bushing 21 through the connecting pin 25. The vertical rod 20 is pulled by the first guide pin 23. When the L-shaped claw 2 moves, the second guide pin 24 on the L-shaped claw 2 slides upward and inward along the L-shaped guide groove of the guide seat 11, causing the bottom end of the L-shaped claw 2 to retract inward and press against the upper surface of the cover door 3, thereby locking the cover door 3. Under the action of the locking force, the cover door 3 is tightly fitted with the positioning flange 4, and the first O-ring seal 8 and the second O-ring seal 9 undergo elastic deformation under uniform extrusion pressure to form a double seal, ensuring the airtightness of the inside of the reaction vessel 5 and meeting the process requirements of nuclear reaction.

[0028] During the unlocking and opening phase of the cover door 3, the external power source drives the power linkage 15 to move vertically downwards. The power linkage 15 drives the transmission linkage 16 to swing downwards via the third axle pin 14. The transmission linkage 16 pushes the manual lever 17 to rotate counterclockwise around the first axle pin 12 via the fourth axle pin 18. The manual lever 17 pulls the connecting plate 19 to swing downwards via the second axle pin 13. The connecting plate 19 drives the vertical rod 20 to move vertically downwards along the oil-free bushing 21 via the connecting pin 25. The vertical rod 20 pushes the L-shaped hook 2 to move via the first guide pin 23. At this time, the L-shaped hook 2... The second guide pin 24 on 2 slides downward and outward along the L-shaped guide groove of the guide seat 11, driving the bottom end of the L-shaped hook 2 to expand downward and outward, releasing the lock on the cover 3, and completing the unlocking and opening of the cover. At this time, the loading and unloading of reactants or maintenance of the reactor can be carried out. During the opening of the cover 3, the movement of the L-shaped hook 2 is purely mechanical linkage without rotational friction, avoiding damage to the sealing gasket due to friction. At the same time, the sunken stepped groove structure effectively prevents fluoride dust from depositing on the sealing surface, further reducing the wear rate of the sealing gasket.

[0029] When the external power source fails, the operator can manually operate the manual lever 17 from outside the work box to drive the multi-link linkage structure to open and close the L-shaped hook 2 and the cover door 3. This eliminates the need to enter the high-radiation work box, ensuring the operator's personal safety, avoiding process interruptions caused by power failure, and improving the operational reliability of the equipment.

[0030] All transmission components of this device are designed to be oil-free. The self-lubricating properties of the oil-free bushing 21 eliminate side reactions caused by contact between grease and fluoride materials, ensuring the stability of the nuclear process. At the same time, the double-layer sealing gaskets are all located in the recessed stepped groove on the inner side of the cover 3, within the operator's visible area. There are no blind spots during replacement, and no complicated auxiliary tools are required. Replacement can be done directly after opening the cover, which greatly reduces maintenance difficulty and the risk of radiation exposure for operators. The multi-axis pin hinged transmission components cooperate with the L-shaped guide groove to realize the automation and speed of cover opening and closing, replacing the traditional manual rotation operation, significantly reducing the labor intensity of operators, and improving the automation level and operational safety of nuclear reactors.

[0031] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, "multiple" refers to two or more. Moreover, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-opening sealing structure for a nuclear reactor, characterized in that: include: The quick-opening part includes multiple guide seats (11) vertically installed on the side walls of the reaction vessel (5). The bottom of the reaction vessel (5) is provided with a positioning flange (4) for aligning the door (3) for installation. The guide seats (11) are equipped with L-shaped hooks (2) for locking or opening the door (3) via a transmission assembly. The sealing part includes a recessed stepped groove provided at the sealing surfaces of the cover (3) and the positioning flange (4), and at least two sealing gaskets are installed along the recessed stepped groove.

2. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sunken stepped groove includes a sunken conical groove and a horizontal annular groove that are continuously arranged on the inner and outer edges of the cover door (3); The sealing gaskets include a second O-ring (9) and a first O-ring (8) respectively installed at the recessed conical groove and the horizontal annular groove.

3. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the cover (3) is vertically connected with a plurality of annularly distributed arc plates (7), and the plurality of arc plates (7) are inserted into the inner edge of the positioning flange (4).

4. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide seat (11) is vertically provided with a guide groove, which has an L-shaped structure that moves from top to bottom and away from the reaction vessel (5).

5. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a power link (15) with a transmission link (16) hinged at the bottom end via a third shaft pin (14), the other end of the transmission link (16) being hinged to the middle of a manual lever (17) via a fourth shaft pin (18), and the manual lever (17) being hinged to one end of a connecting plate (19) via a second shaft pin (13). The other end of the connecting plate (19) is hinged to the vertical rod (20) by a connecting pin (25); The manual lever (17) is hinged to the guide seat (11) at the inner end of the lever via the first axle pin (12).

6. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical rod (20) is hinged to the L-shaped hook (2) by the first guide pin (23), and the L-shaped hook (2) is fixedly mounted with a second guide pin (24), which is slidably embedded in the guide groove.

7. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A bushing ring pressure plate (22) is detachably installed inside the guide seat (11), and an oil-free bushing (21) for slidingly fitting on the vertical rod (20) is installed below the bushing ring pressure plate (22).

8. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the power link (15) is used to connect to an external vertical reciprocating drive power source; When the power linkage (15) moves vertically downward, the manual lever (17) rotates counterclockwise around the first pivot pin (12), causing the L-shaped hook (2) to move downward along the guide groove and open outward.

9. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The oil-free bushing (21) is made of copper sleeve inlaid with graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene material.

10. The nuclear reactor sealing quick-opening structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the L-shaped hook (2) is fitted with a pad (1) for fitting the cover (3).

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