Intelligent driving control method and system for drop-out high-voltage fuse

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power distribution network equipment control, and discloses a method and system for intelligently driving and controlling a drop-type high-voltage fuse, wherein the method comprises the following steps: synchronously collecting environmental temperature and humidity, electromagnetic push rod static duration and electrical voltage and current sequences; calculating an environmental retardation index based on environmental data to quantify mechanical degradation; constructing a phase trajectory closed curve by using the voltage and current sequences, and calculating a phase trajectory form factor and an area expansion rate; generating a tripping instruction according to the form factor, and setting a limit tolerance clearing time of action by using the area expansion rate; when the environmental retardation index is greater than a set threshold, outputting an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod to cause mechanical chatter, extracting a dynamic inductance change as feedback, and performing frequency optimization or time sequence truncation within a time constraint window. The application overcomes mechanical jam caused by icing and rust through environmental quantitative evaluation and dynamic closed-loop chatter driving, and guarantees the reliability of fault isolation in a complex environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution network equipment control technology, specifically to an intelligent drive control method and system for drop-out high-voltage fuses. Background Technology

[0002] Drop-out high-voltage fuses are commonly used short-circuit protection and overload isolation devices for distribution network branch lines and distribution transformers. With the development of distribution network automation, some drop-out high-voltage fuses are equipped with intelligent drive devices, which typically use a microcontroller combined with an electromagnetic actuator as the core actuator. In conventional designs, the control system monitors the line current through a current transformer. When the detected current amplitude exceeds a preset protection threshold, it directly outputs a fixed DC drive pulse to the electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic force then pushes the mechanical latch to release, thereby completing the fuse's drop-out action to cut off the circuit.

[0003] These types of equipment are exposed to complex outdoor natural environments for extended periods, and their actual operating conditions differ significantly from ideal conditions. For the majority of their operational cycle, the equipment remains stationary, facing alternating extreme cold, high humidity, and large temperature differences. Under these conditions, the surfaces of mechanical transmission components are highly susceptible to condensation, corrosion, and low-temperature icing. These phenomena accumulate over time, directly leading to an increase in static friction and resistance forces within the mechanical structure.

[0004] Existing control methods are static in their drive logic, failing to incorporate the mechanical degradation effects caused by the external environment into the drive decision. When mechanical components experience severe jamming due to icing or deep corrosion, the conventional constant DC thrust output by the control system often cannot overcome the increased structural constraints. This directly leads to sluggish or even complete failure of the electromagnetic actuator, resulting in fault isolation failure.

[0005] Furthermore, due to operations such as transformer no-load closing in distribution network lines, inrush current interference is frequently present in the system. Existing fault diagnosis methods mostly rely on a single effective current value or simple time-delay logic, lacking a quantitative assessment of the actual fault energy evolution rate and failing to dynamically define the limit time boundaries for equipment to complete its actions based on fault severity. In extreme conditions where environmentally induced mechanical jamming and actual short-circuit faults occur simultaneously, disorderly delays in action time not only disrupt the selective coordination of line protection, causing upstream switches to trip cascadingly, but may also lead to thermal damage to the fuse body due to prolonged exposure to short-circuit current, reducing the overall reliability of the distribution network. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent drive control method and system for drop-out high-voltage fuses. This solves the problems of existing drop-out high-voltage fuses experiencing mechanical jamming due to icing or corrosion in harsh outdoor environments, slow or non-operational behavior when using constant driving force, and the inability of the control system to dynamically set the action time boundary based on the evolution of actual fault energy.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides an intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, comprising the following steps: The instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse are collected simultaneously, and the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment is recorded. Based on the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and resting time, the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic push rod is calculated. A phase trajectory closed curve is constructed based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence, and the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve are calculated. A tripping command is generated based on the phase trajectory morphology factor, and the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action is determined based on the area expansion rate. In response to the trip command, when the environmental hindrance index is greater than the preset second hindrance threshold, an alternating pulse width modulation wave is input to the electromagnetic push rod, the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit is extracted synchronously, and within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time, frequency optimization or timing truncation is performed on the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change.

[0008] Preferably, the synchronous acquisition of the instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse, and the recording of the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment specifically include: The instantaneous phase voltage sequence is obtained using a voltage divider sensor at a fixed sampling frequency; The instantaneous phase current sequence is obtained using a current transformer; The ambient temperature and relative humidity are obtained using a temperature and humidity sensor; Start the internal timer and extract the time interval from the end of the last action of the electromagnetic push rod to the current moment as the resting time.

[0009] Preferably, calculating the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic actuator specifically includes: If the ambient temperature is less than 0 degrees Celsius or the relative humidity is greater than 85%, a preset positive real number penalty constant is output; otherwise, 0 is output, thus obtaining the environmental state penalty function. Calculate the integral value of the environmental state penalty function within the resting time interval, and calculate the product of the integral value and the environmental severity weighting coefficient to obtain the environmental penalty integral amount; The static aging amount is obtained by multiplying the settling time by the static aging coefficient. The environmental retardation index is obtained by summing the environmental penalty integral and the static aging amount.

[0010] Preferably, constructing a phase trajectory closed curve based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence specifically includes: Extract the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence within a single power frequency cycle time period; Establish a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system; The instantaneous phase voltage sequence is mapped to the horizontal axis, and the instantaneous phase current sequence is mapped to the vertical axis, generating a single-cycle closed curve of the phase trajectory in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0011] Preferably, calculating the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve specifically includes: Calculate the actual integral area of ​​the closed curve of the phase trajectory; Extract all poles of the closed curve of the phase trajectory, construct the minimum convex polygon enclosed by all poles, and calculate the convex hull area of ​​the minimum convex polygon. The ratio of the actual integral area to the convex hull area is calculated to obtain the phase trajectory morphology factor; Obtain the actual integrated area of ​​two adjacent power frequency cycles, calculate the difference between the actual integrated areas of the two adjacent power frequency cycles, calculate the ratio of the difference to the duration of the power frequency cycle, and obtain the area expansion rate.

[0012] Preferably, generating a tripping command based on the phase trajectory morphology factor and determining the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action based on the area expansion rate specifically includes: Determine whether the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting; Determine whether the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the preset non-magnetic inrush current tolerance range; When the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting value, and the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the non-excitation inrush current tolerance range, the trip command is generated. The sum of the area expansion rate and the preset minimum positive real number is calculated to obtain the denominator of the expansion rate. The ratio of the inverse time-limited energy constant to the denominator of the expansion rate is calculated to obtain the limit tolerance clearance time.

[0013] Preferably, when the environmental impedance index is greater than a preset second impedance threshold, inputting an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod specifically includes: Set a first blocking threshold, which is less than a second blocking threshold; When the environmental damping index is less than or equal to the first damping threshold, a DC pulse width modulation waveform with a constant duty cycle is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the environmental resistance index is greater than the first resistance threshold and less than or equal to the second resistance threshold, a step pulse with a peak drive current is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the environmental damping index is greater than the second damping threshold, the alternating pulse width modulation wave of the initial frequency is generated and input to the electromagnetic push rod.

[0014] Preferably, the synchronous extraction of the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit, within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time, specifically includes: Start a countdown timer, and set the starting countdown time of the countdown timer to the limit tolerance clearing time, thus forming a constraint window for the limit tolerance clearing time; The instantaneous driving voltage and instantaneous driving current of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit are sampled synchronously. Calculate the rate of change of the instantaneous driving current with respect to time; Calculate the product of the current coil inductance and the rate of change of current to obtain the first steady-state voltage term; The difference between the instantaneous driving voltage and the first steady-state voltage term is calculated to obtain the dynamic voltage term; The ratio of the dynamic voltage term to the instantaneous drive current is calculated to obtain the change in dynamic inductance.

[0015] Preferably, performing frequency optimization or timing truncation on the alternating pulse width modulation wave specifically includes: When the change in dynamic inductance is less than the mechanical unbinding threshold and the current recording time of the countdown timer is not zero, the frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is adjusted by the frequency step. When the change in dynamic inductance is greater than or equal to the mechanical unbinding threshold, the output of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is interrupted, and a unidirectional DC pulse is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the current recording time of the countdown timer reaches zero and the change in dynamic inductance is less than the mechanical unbinding threshold, the adjustment of the frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is terminated, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage capacitor of the drive circuit is extracted, converted into a unidirectional shock wave, and output to the electromagnetic push rod.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, applied to the intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention, comprising: The parameter acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire the instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse, and record the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment. The index calculation module calculates the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic push rod based on the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, and the resting time. The trajectory analysis module is used to construct a phase trajectory closed curve based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence, and to calculate the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve; The instruction generation module generates a tripping instruction based on the phase trajectory morphology factor and determines the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action based on the area expansion rate. The drive control module is used to respond to the trip command, and when the environmental hindrance index is greater than the preset second hindrance threshold, input an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod, simultaneously extract the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit, and perform frequency optimization or timing truncation on the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time.

[0017] This invention provides an intelligent drive control method and system for drop-out high-voltage fuses. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention can distinguish between real faults in the power grid and inrush currents with distorted waveforms by constructing closed curves of phase trajectories and calculating phase trajectory morphology factors. At the same time, it uses the area expansion rate of adjacent power frequency cycles to calculate the limit tolerance clearing time, transforming the evolution speed of faults on the power grid side into time constraints for the action of the actuator, thus setting a quantified time boundary for subsequent mechanical tripping operations.

[0018] 2. This invention calculates the environmental resistance index by collecting ambient temperature, relative humidity and resting time, and uses it as the basis for evaluating the mechanical degradation state. Based on the comparison result of the environmental resistance index and the set threshold, a constant DC, step pulse or alternating pulse width modulation wave is output to the electromagnetic push rod. This hierarchical matching drive waveform method avoids the problems of insufficient thrust or excessive drive energy caused by a single drive strategy.

[0019] 3. When facing a state of high mechanical resistance, this invention inputs an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod and extracts the dynamic inductance change in the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit as a feedback indicator of the mechanical unbinding state. Within the window of the limit tolerance clearing time, the drive frequency is adjusted in a closed loop or the timing is cut off based on the dynamic inductance change. The countdown of the electrical fault on the primary side is linked with the mechanical ice-breaking process on the secondary side, thus solving the problem of tripping resistance of the equipment under severe icing or corrosion conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a comparative test curve of the tripping response time of the driving method of the present invention under different environmental resistance indices. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides an intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, applied in an intelligent drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse.

[0023] A smart drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse includes a microcontroller, a parameter acquisition module, an exponent calculation module, a trajectory analysis module, an instruction generation module, a drive control module, and an electromagnetic actuator. The parameter acquisition module and the electromagnetic actuator are electrically connected to the microcontroller. The parameter acquisition module transmits environmental and electrical sampling data to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller outputs drive signals to the electromagnetic actuator.

[0024] A smart drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse includes the following steps: The system synchronously acquires the instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse, and records the static time of the electromagnetic actuator from the end of its last action to the current moment. The microcontroller continuously acquires primary-side power grid operation data and secondary-side environmental data through the parameter acquisition module, which serve as the basic input parameters for subsequent logic decisions.

[0025] Based on ambient temperature, relative humidity, and resting time, the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic actuator is calculated. The microcontroller uses ambient temperature and relative humidity as penalty conditions, and performs integral calculations based on the resting time during which the electromagnetic actuator does not move, to obtain a single numerical index used to quantify the mechanical degradation or jamming state of the electromagnetic actuator, namely the environmental resistance index.

[0026] A closed-loop phase trajectory curve is constructed based on the instantaneous phase voltage and current sequences. The phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the closed-loop phase trajectory curve are calculated. The microcontroller extracts voltage and current sampling points for a single power frequency cycle, constructs a closed trajectory in a two-dimensional coordinate system, extracts the geometric area features of the trajectory to calculate the phase trajectory morphology factor, and extracts the area difference of the trajectory between adjacent cycles to calculate the area expansion rate.

[0027] The tripping command is generated based on the phase trajectory morphology factor, and the limit tolerance clearing time for the tripping action is determined based on the area expansion ratio. The microcontroller uses the phase trajectory morphology factor to distinguish between real power grid faults and inrush currents. After determining that a real fault has occurred and generating a tripping command, the area expansion ratio is used to establish a time countdown boundary to obtain the limit tolerance clearing time that allows the electromagnetic actuator to complete the tripping action when the fault occurs.

[0028] In response to the trip command, when the environmental hindrance index is greater than the preset second hindrance threshold, an alternating pulse width modulation wave is input to the electromagnetic push rod, and the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit is extracted simultaneously. Within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time, frequency optimization or timing truncation is performed on the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change.

[0029] After receiving the trip command, the microcontroller calls the corresponding drive waveform based on the range of the environmental damping index. When the environmental damping index exceeds the second damping threshold, the electromagnetic push rod is determined to be in a high damping state. At this time, the microcontroller excites the push rod to chatter by outputting an alternating pulse width modulation wave and calculates the dynamic inductance change in the drive circuit in real time to monitor the displacement state of the push rod core. Before the limit tolerance clearing time decreases to zero, the microcontroller continuously adjusts the frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change, or directly truncates the waveform and completes the final trip when the untying condition is met.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 In an intelligent drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, the parameter acquisition module includes a voltage divider sensor, a current transformer, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a clock and timer unit inside the microcontroller. The analog signal outputs of the voltage divider sensor and the current transformer are electrically connected to different input channels of the microcontroller's multi-channel analog-to-digital converter. The digital communication pin of the temperature and humidity sensor is electrically connected to the microcontroller's serial communication bus.

[0031] The microcontroller synchronously samples the primary-side electrical signal of the drop-out high-voltage fuse at a fixed sampling frequency. Specifically, the microcontroller configures a hardware timer to trigger the analog-to-digital converter's operation at a fixed time period, ensuring that the voltage channel corresponding to the voltage divider sensor and the current channel corresponding to the current transformer complete the analog signal holding and digital conversion within the same timeframe. This hardware triggering mechanism eliminates the time difference between channels caused by software polling.

[0032] After processing by the analog-to-digital converter, the continuous analog electrical signal is discretized. A fixed sampling frequency is set to... The corresponding discrete sampling time step is And satisfy The discrete mathematical expressions for the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and instantaneous phase current sequence acquired by the microcontroller are as follows: ; ; In the formula, It is an instantaneous phase voltage sequence; It is a sequence of instantaneous phase currents; The positive integer index of the discrete sampling point; Indicates absolute time The instantaneous amplitude of the acquired phase voltage; Indicates the same absolute moment The instantaneous amplitude of the phase current is acquired. The acquired instantaneous phase voltage sequence and instantaneous phase current sequence are sequentially stored in the buffer area of ​​the microcontroller, and the data points within a single power frequency cycle time period are retained in the form of a fixed-length array.

[0033] During the electrical signal sampling cycle, the microcontroller periodically sends data read commands to the temperature and humidity sensor via a serial communication bus. Upon receiving the commands, the temperature and humidity sensor returns the digital measurement value of the current environment. The microcontroller decodes the received digital value, extracts the absolute value of the surrounding environment, and records it as the ambient temperature. and relative humidity .

[0034] Meanwhile, the microcontroller uses its integrated real-time clock module to record the time state variables of the secondary mechanical mechanism. When the electromagnetic push rod completes its previous tripping action or receives an external reset command and completes a mechanical reset, the microcontroller's underlying interrupt service routine is triggered, clearing the accumulated value of the designated internal timer and starting an incrementing countdown. At the current moment of continuous system operation, the microcontroller directly reads the accumulated register value of this internal timer, multiplies it by the timer's base clock period, and obtains the time interval from the end of the electromagnetic push rod's last action to the current moment. The microcontroller records this time interval as the settling time. The settling time. Provides a static dwell timescale for the electromagnetic actuator under current external environmental exposure.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 After acquiring ambient temperature, relative humidity, and resting time, the microcontroller executes a quantitative assessment logic for mechanical degradation, transforming the complex external environmental erosion process into an algebraic index that the microcontroller can process.

[0036] The microcontroller constructs an environmental state penalty function using extracted ambient temperature and relative humidity. This penalty function quantifies the cumulative destructive effect of environmental conditions on the electromagnetic actuator's mechanical structure. The microcontroller determines whether the current ambient temperature is below zero degrees Celsius or whether the current relative humidity is above 85% by comparing instructions. Temperatures below zero degrees Celsius correspond to icing and freezing on the mechanical surface, while high humidity above 85% corresponds to accelerated corrosion due to water vapor condensation on the metal parts' surfaces.

[0037] The microcontroller assigns a value to the environment state penalty function based on the output of the comparison instruction. When any of the above conditions are met, the microcontroller assigns a preset positive real-valued penalty constant to the environment state penalty function; when neither of the above conditions is met, the microcontroller assigns a value of zero to the environment state penalty function. The formulaic expression of this logical relationship is as follows: ; In the formula, The environment state penalty function; The ambient temperature is the current temperature and humidity sensor output. The relative humidity is the current value output by the temperature and humidity sensor. A preset positive real number penalty constant; For logical OR operator; Otherwise, in a conditional piecewise function, it refers to... or All other cases (i.e.) and (Normal environmental conditions).

[0038] Based on this, the microcontroller calculates the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic actuator. This index consists of two superimposed parts, representing the static aging properties that develop linearly over time and the nonlinear resistance properties accelerated by harsh environments. The microcontroller calls its internal multiplier to calculate the product of the resting time and the static aging coefficient, obtaining the static aging amount. The static aging coefficient is a fixed constant calibrated based on the factory material fatigue curve of the internal metal spring components of the electromagnetic actuator, used to characterize the amount of natural mechanical degradation under conditions without extreme environmental influences.

[0039] Subsequently, the microcontroller calculates the integral value of the environmental state penalty function over the resting time interval. Since the microcontroller operates in the discrete-time domain, the integral value is expanded in the actual calculation to cover all sampling periods from the end of the last action to the current moment. The discrete summation of the values ​​is then performed. The microcontroller multiplies this integral value by the environmental severity weighting coefficient to obtain the environmental penalty integral. Finally, the microcontroller adds the static aging amount to the environmental penalty integral to obtain the environmental retardation index. The mathematical formula for the environmental retardation index is as follows: ; In the formula, The calculated environmental hindering index; This is the static aging coefficient; This refers to the settling time; This is a weighting coefficient for the severity of environmental degradation; This is the integral value of the environmental state penalty function over the resting time interval. This environmental hindrance index is recorded as a single scalar value in the microcontroller's random access memory, serving as an input parameter for subsequently determining the specific drive waveform output strategy.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 After acquiring discrete sampling sequences, the microcontroller executes a fault mode and evolution perception process based on VI phase trajectory, transforming the waveform features in the time domain into two-dimensional geometric features for analysis.

[0041] The microcontroller uses an internal counter to extract a fixed number of sampling points within a single power frequency cycle. It establishes a mathematical mapping model in its internal memory using a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, mapping the instantaneous phase voltage amplitude acquired at each sampling moment to the horizontal axis and the instantaneous phase current amplitude acquired at the same moment to the vertical axis, forming a series of discrete coordinate pairs. The microcontroller connects these discrete coordinate pairs in ascending order of time index, closing the loop and generating a single-cycle phase trajectory closed curve in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0042] The microcontroller uses a polygon area calculation algorithm to calculate the area of ​​the geometric region enclosed by the generated closed phase trajectory curve. Since the coordinate points are discretely distributed, the microcontroller calculates the actual integral area of ​​the closed phase trajectory curve using a cross-multiplication and summation method. The specific calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the actual area integrated. This represents the total number of sampling points included within a single power frequency cycle time period; For the first The instantaneous phase voltage sequence values ​​at each sampling point; For the first The instantaneous phase current sequence values ​​at each sampling point; and The first The phase voltage and phase current sequence values ​​at each sampling point; A positive integer time index variable representing the sampling point; Indicates the first The instantaneous phase voltage sequence values ​​at each sampling point; This represents the instantaneous phase current sequence value at the first sampling point; This represents the instantaneous phase voltage sequence value at the first sampling point; Indicates the first The instantaneous phase current sequence values ​​at each sampling point.

[0043] After obtaining the actual integral area, the microcontroller performs a geometric envelope extraction operation. The microcontroller runs a boundary pole scanning algorithm, traversing all coordinate points on the closed curve of the phase trajectory and extracting the set of poles located at the outermost boundary. The microcontroller connects these outermost poles in counter-clockwise order to construct the smallest convex polygon enclosed by all the poles. The microcontroller calculates the geometric area contained within this smallest convex polygon as the convex hull area.

[0044] The microcontroller calculates the quotient of the actual integral area divided by the convex hull area to obtain the phase trajectory morphology factor. When a real short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid, the voltage and current waveforms exhibit regular sinusoidal variations, and the resulting phase trajectory closed curves appear as ellipses without significant geometric distortion. The values ​​of the actual integral area and the convex hull area tend to be consistent, and the phase trajectory morphology factor approaches a constant of 1. When transformer inrush current occurs in the power grid, the waveform contains aperiodic bias components and higher harmonics. The phase trajectory closed curves exhibit intersections and severe concave edge defects, and the actual integral area is significantly smaller than its convex hull area, resulting in a significant decrease in the value of the phase trajectory morphology factor. By acquiring this phase trajectory morphology factor, the microcontroller achieves a quantitative distinction of the degree of waveform geometric distortion.

[0045] As the power grid fault persists, the short-circuit energy dynamically evolves. The microcontroller executes the area calculation logic described above over consecutive time periods to obtain the actual integrated area of ​​two adjacent power frequency cycles. The microcontroller calculates the difference between the actual integrated area of ​​the subsequent power frequency cycle and the actual integrated area of ​​the preceding power frequency cycle. Subsequently, the microcontroller divides the difference by the duration corresponding to a single power frequency cycle to obtain the area expansion rate. The formula for calculating this area expansion rate is as follows: ; In the formula, The area expansion rate; For the first The actual integral area of ​​a continuous power frequency cycle; The one immediately preceding it, i.e., the first The actual integral area of ​​a power frequency cycle; This represents the power frequency cycle duration constant. The microcontroller extracts the absolute rate parameter of the expansion of power grid fault energy over time by calculating the area expansion rate.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 After completing the calculation of phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate, the microcontroller enters the process of establishing fault identification instructions and time constraint windows to generate specific control signals and action time boundaries for driving hardware actuators.

[0047] The microcontroller extracts the instantaneous phase current sequence within a single power frequency cycle and calls the root mean square (RMS) calculation function to calculate the effective value of the sequence. The microcontroller compares the calculated effective value with the protection setting stored in non-volatile memory to determine if the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting. This protection setting corresponds to the maximum steady-state current amplitude allowed to pass through the power grid line at this node.

[0048] Simultaneously, the microcontroller reads the phase trajectory morphology factor calculated in the previous stage and determines whether the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the preset non-magnetic inrush current tolerance range. The non-magnetic inrush current tolerance range is a set numerical range, with its lower limit corresponding to the boundary threshold of severe waveform distortion and waveform loss, and its upper limit being a constant of 1. When the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting, and the microcontroller determines that the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the non-magnetic inrush current tolerance range, the microcontroller confirms that the currently detected overload current is not caused by the inrush current due to transformer closing or other operations, but rather by a real short-circuit fault occurring on the primary side of the power grid, and then generates a trip command in the internal control register.

[0049] After generating the trip command, the microcontroller calculates the trip action limit time based on the acquired area expansion rate. The microcontroller calls its internal addition unit to add the area expansion rate to a preset minimum positive real number, obtaining the denominator of the expansion rate. Adding the minimum positive real number ensures that subsequent division operations have a valid non-zero denominator when the area expansion rate approaches zero. Its corresponding algebraic expression is as follows: ; In the formula, This is the denominator of the expansion rate; The area expansion rate; It is a pre-defined minimal positive real number.

[0050] Subsequently, the microcontroller calls the division unit to divide the inverse-time energy constant pre-stored in memory by the denominator of the expansion rate, obtaining the limit tolerance clearing time. The inverse-time energy constant characterizes the cumulative amount of baseline fault energy that a fuse can withstand before blowing or thermally failing. The specific calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, This is the maximum tolerance clearance time; It is the inverse time-limited energy constant; This is the denominator of the expansion rate; The area expansion rate; This is a preset, extremely small positive real number. The microcontroller uses the aforementioned division operation to convert the dynamic diffusion rate of the primary-side grid fault energy into a hard time constraint for the secondary-side mechanical action. As the area expansion rate increases, the limit tolerance clearing time calculated by the microcontroller shortens accordingly, thereby compressing the allowable action window of the electromagnetic actuator when the grid fault energy expands rapidly. This calculation result is assigned to the countdown timer inside the microcontroller as the absolute time boundary for executing the drive waveform output.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 After receiving the trip command and the limit tolerance clear time, the microcontroller calls the drive control module to execute the drive process of the electromagnetic actuator. Based on the environmental resistance index, the microcontroller assigns three different energy levels and waveforms for the drive strategy.

[0052] The microcontroller calls its internal comparator to read the environmental hindrance index and compares it with a first hindrance threshold and a second hindrance threshold pre-stored in non-volatile memory. The first hindrance threshold is less than the second hindrance threshold. When the environmental hindrance index is less than or equal to the first hindrance threshold, the microcontroller determines that the current mechanical structure is in a normal state and directly outputs a DC pulse width modulation waveform with a constant duty cycle to the drive circuit of the electromagnetic push rod, pushing the push rod core to move at a constant speed. When the environmental hindrance index is greater than the first hindrance threshold and less than or equal to the second hindrance threshold, the microcontroller determines that the mechanical structure has moderate degradation or slight jamming, and outputs a step pulse with a peak drive current to the electromagnetic push rod, providing a large instantaneous thrust in the initial stage to overcome static friction.

[0053] When the environmental resistance index exceeds the second resistance threshold, the microcontroller determines that the electromagnetic actuator is in a severely jammed state, such as when the surface is covered with ice or deeply corroded. At this time, the microcontroller generates an alternating pulse width modulation wave with an initial frequency and inputs it to the electromagnetic actuator, causing an alternating magnetic field to be generated inside the electromagnetic actuator coil. This drives the actuator core to produce a high-frequency micro-flutter displacement, thereby using the resonance effect to break the frozen structure.

[0054] Simultaneously with the input of the alternating pulse width modulation (PWM) wave, the microcontroller starts its internal countdown timer. The microcontroller sets the start countdown timer to the previously calculated limit tolerance clear time, thus forming a constraint window for the drive action on the time axis. Within this constraint window, the microcontroller synchronously samples the instantaneous drive voltage across the electromagnetic actuator drive circuit and the instantaneous drive current flowing through the coil via an analog-to-digital converter.

[0055] The microcontroller uses a discrete differential algorithm to calculate the difference between the instantaneous drive current in the current sampling period and the instantaneous drive current in the previous sampling period, and divides this difference by the sampling time interval to obtain the rate of change of the instantaneous drive current with respect to time. The microcontroller reads the currently stored coil inductance and calculates the product of this current inductance and the rate of change of current to obtain the first steady-state voltage term. This first steady-state voltage term characterizes the basic inductance voltage drop caused by alternating current under the condition of no core displacement. Subsequently, the microcontroller calculates the difference between the instantaneous drive voltage and the first steady-state voltage term to separate the dynamic voltage term caused by the tangent of the core's mechanical displacement. The microcontroller calculates the ratio of the dynamic voltage term to the instantaneous drive current, ultimately obtaining the dynamic inductance change independent of static parameters. The mathematical expression of the above feature extraction process is as follows: ; In the formula, This represents the dynamic change in inductance. This is the instantaneous driving voltage; For instantaneous drive current; This represents the current coil inductance. This represents the rate of change of the instantaneous driving current with respect to time.

[0056] After extracting the dynamic inductance change, the microcontroller performs closed-loop control with frequency optimization and timing truncation under the constraint of a countdown timer. The microcontroller continuously compares the dynamic inductance change with a preset mechanical unbinding threshold. When the dynamic inductance change is less than the mechanical unbinding threshold and the current recording time of the countdown timer has not reached zero, the microcontroller determines that the push rod core has not yet disengaged from the stuck state and that time permits. The microcontroller adjusts the reload value of the internal timer according to a preset frequency step, thereby changing the output frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave and inducing the mechanical components to find the resonance breaking point in different frequency bands.

[0057] When the microcontroller detects a change in dynamic inductance greater than or equal to the mechanical unbinding threshold at a certain frequency, it determines that the constraint has been broken and the push rod has undergone macroscopic displacement. The microcontroller immediately interrupts the output of the alternating pulse width modulation wave, performs a timing cutoff operation, and outputs a unidirectional DC pulse with a full duty cycle to the electromagnetic push rod to continuously push and complete the remaining tripping stroke.

[0058] If, during frequency modulation, the microcontroller detects that the current recording time of the countdown timer has decreased to zero, and the change in dynamic inductance is still less than the mechanical unbinding threshold, it indicates that the chatter tripping has failed within the limit tolerance clearing time. The microcontroller triggers the limit protection interrupt service routine, terminates the adjustment of the alternating pulse width modulation wave frequency, and connects the backup discharge circuit. It extracts all the electrical energy stored in the independent energy storage capacitor in the drive circuit and converts it into a unidirectional shock wave with extremely high transient amplitude, which is output to the electromagnetic push rod to forcibly break the mechanical jamming part.

[0059] Reference Figure 2 This invention provides an intelligent drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse. Its hardware topology comprises a microcontroller, a parameter acquisition module, and an electromagnetic actuator at the execution end. The parameter acquisition module includes a voltage divider sensor, a current transformer, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a hardware timer integrated within the microcontroller. The outputs of the voltage divider sensor and the current transformer are respectively connected to the pins of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter inside the microcontroller. The digital interface of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the microcontroller's universal serial bus. The microcontroller is internally configured with an independent pulse width modulation generator and a digital-to-analog converter unit. Its output port is connected to an external power amplifier drive circuit, the end of which is electrically connected to the drive coil of the electromagnetic actuator.

[0060] In terms of logical function division, the microcontroller runs multiple independent functional modules that interact and cooperate with each other, including a parameter acquisition module, an exponential calculation module, a trajectory analysis module, an instruction generation module, and a drive control module.

[0061] The parameter acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire raw data on the external environment and the operating status of the primary power grid. This module, by configuring the sampling rate of the microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter, synchronously acquires the instantaneous phase voltage and current sequences of the drop-out high-voltage fuse and stores them in the microcontroller's direct memory access area in timestamp order. Simultaneously, the module obtains the ambient temperature and relative humidity by reading the temperature and humidity sensor registers and starts an internal timer to record the static duration of the electromagnetic actuator from the end of its last action to the current moment. The acquired dataset is pushed onto the system's shared data bus as underlying basic parameters.

[0062] The index calculation module receives ambient temperature, relative humidity, and resting time. Internally, this module calls a floating-point arithmetic unit to convert multi-dimensional environmental parameters into a single-dimensional mechanical condition evaluation index based on a preset discrete integration algorithm. This module calculates the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic actuator and writes the calculated index value into the microcontroller's non-volatile memory, providing a static degradation reference for subsequent drive energy allocation.

[0063] The trajectory analysis module extracts instantaneous phase voltage and current sequences within a specified time window from the shared data bus. This module allocates a two-dimensional array in the microcontroller's random access memory to construct closed-loop phase trajectory curves and calls polygon calculation functions to calculate the actual integral area and convex hull area of ​​the closed-loop phase trajectory curves, thereby outputting a phase trajectory morphology factor reflecting the degree of waveform geometric distortion. Simultaneously, the module calculates the actual integral area of ​​adjacent power frequency cycles using differential calculations, outputting an area expansion rate to characterize the fault energy evolution rate.

[0064] The instruction generation module includes an internal logic comparator that compares the acquired phase trajectory morphology factor with the set non-excitation inrush current tolerance range. After confirming that the primary-side electrical abnormality is a genuine fault, the instruction generation module sets a trigger on the control bus and generates a trip instruction. Simultaneously, the instruction generation module extracts the area expansion rate, determines the limit tolerance clearing time for this tripping action through inverse proportional algebraic calculations, and loads this time value into the microcontroller's high-priority countdown register.

[0065] The drive control module establishes control and data connections with the exponent calculation module and the instruction generation module, respectively. Responding to the trip command on the control bus, the drive control module reads the value of the environmental hindrance index. When the environmental hindrance index exceeds a preset second hindrance threshold, the drive control module configures the pulse width modulation generator to output an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod. During this process, the drive control module calls the feedback sampling channel to synchronously acquire the instantaneous voltage and current of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit, calculates the dynamic inductance change, and within the limit tolerance clearing time window of the countdown register decrement constraint, the drive control module uses the dynamic inductance change as a mechanical unbinding characteristic to execute closed-loop state machine scheduling, continuously adjusting the output frequency of the pulse width modulation generator to achieve optimization, or performing a timing cutoff operation when the unbinding condition is triggered, driving the power amplifier circuit to output a DC pulse or triggering the energy storage capacitor to discharge, completing the final trip.

[0066] Specific application examples: Figure 3 This is a comparison test curve of the tripping response time of a conventional driving method and the driving method of the present invention under different environmental damping indices, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents the normalized environmental resistance index, ranging from 1 to 10. The larger the value, the more severe the icing, freezing, or corrosion jamming on the surface of the electromagnetic push rod caused by the environment. Figure 3 The vertical axis represents the tripping response time consumed by the electromagnetic actuator from receiving the tripping command to completing the full stroke, in milliseconds (ms).

[0067] To illustrate the operation of the system of the present invention in detail, the following actual operating conditions are set: a 10kV distribution network branch line is equipped with the intelligent drive control system of the drop-out high voltage fuse of the present invention, and the line is located in a cold and humid geographical area.

[0068] On a certain day during continuous system operation, the real-time environmental data acquired by the parameter acquisition module were: ambient temperature -5℃ and relative humidity 90%. At the same time, the internal timer recorded that the electromagnetic push rod had remained stationary for 720 hours without any mechanical movement since the last closing and reset.

[0069] The index calculation module receives the above parameters. Since the ambient temperature (-5℃) is less than 0℃ and the relative humidity (90%) is greater than 85%, the microcontroller assigns the environmental state penalty function a set positive real constant. Combined with a static time of 720 hours, the environmental resistance index calculated by the index calculation module reaches 8.5 (with a full-scale normalization value of 10 and a second resistance threshold of 6.0). This value indicates that the surface of the electromagnetic actuator has severe icing and water vapor freezing, and is in a state of severe jamming.

[0070] During this period, a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault occurred at the end of the distribution network. The parameter acquisition module simultaneously captured the instantaneous phase voltage and phase current sequences after the fault occurred. The trajectory analysis module constructed a closed-loop curve of the phase trajectory based on the sampling point sequence. The calculation results showed that its phase trajectory morphology factor was 0.96 (within the non-excitation inrush current tolerance range of 0.85 to 1.0). Based on this, the command generation module determined that it was a real short-circuit fault and generated a trip command. At the same time, the trajectory analysis module calculated that the area expansion rate of adjacent cycles was relatively large. Based on this area expansion rate, the command generation module set the limit tolerance clearing time of this trip action to 45 milliseconds.

[0071] After receiving the trip command, the drive control module reads that the environmental damping index (8.5) is greater than the second damping threshold (6.0). The drive control module then outputs an alternating pulse width modulation wave with an initial frequency of 100Hz to the electromagnetic push rod, causing high-frequency mechanical chatter of the push rod core to break the icing structure, and starts a 45-millisecond countdown.

[0072] During the alternating wave output process, the drive control module extracts the instantaneous voltage and current of the drive circuit according to the set sampling rate and continuously calculates the dynamic inductance change. When the countdown reaches 28 milliseconds, the drive control module detects a sudden increase in the dynamic inductance change, and the value exceeds the preset mechanical unbinding threshold. Based on this, the system determines that the icing constraint has been broken. The drive control module immediately performs a timing cutoff operation, stops outputting the alternating pulse width modulation wave, and instead outputs a unidirectional DC pulse with a full duty cycle to the electromagnetic push rod. Under the action of DC thrust, the electromagnetic push rod completes its full stroke displacement in 36 milliseconds, realizing the tripping action. The actual tripping time is less than the limit tolerance time boundary of 45 milliseconds, successfully clearing the fault.

[0073] Reference Figure 3 To verify the technical effect of the method of the present invention, a comparative test experiment was designed; the test subjects were divided into an experimental group (using the closed-loop cooperative driving strategy based on dynamic inductor feedback of the present invention) and a control group (using the traditional preset constant DC driving strategy).

[0074] The testing platform simulated different resistance conditions in an environmental climate chamber. By controlling temperature reduction and spray icing, ten environmental resistance indices from 1 to 10 were set (higher values ​​indicate more severe icing and jamming). Under each resistance gradient, 100 short-circuit simulated trigger tests were performed on the experimental and control groups, and their tripping success rate and average tripping response time were recorded. The effective upper limit of the tripping response time was set to the system-calculated limit tolerance clearing time (the benchmark was set at 50 milliseconds). Tripping was considered a failure if the tripping was completed within this time or the push rod did not complete its full stroke.

[0075] Test data performance: In the range of environmental resistance index less than 4 (mild and no resistance state), the tripping success rate of both the experimental group and the control group reached 100%, and the average tripping response time was between 15 milliseconds and 25 milliseconds.

[0076] When the environmental resistance index increased to 7 (moderate to severe icing), the DC driving force of the control group could not overcome the increased static friction and ice shear force, and the average tripping response time was extended to 85 milliseconds (exceeding the 50-millisecond safety time boundary), and the tripping success rate dropped to 12%. The experimental group triggered the alternating pulse width modulation wave flutter mechanism, which damaged the ice structure. Its average tripping response time was 32 milliseconds, and the tripping success rate remained at 99%.

[0077] When the environmental resistance index reached 10 (extremely severe freezing), the control group push rod was completely stuck, with a success rate of 0%. Under the combined strategy of alternating frequency optimization and limit capacitor impact, the experimental group measured an average tripping response time of 41 milliseconds, which still did not exceed the limit tolerance clearing time, and the tripping success rate was 97%.

[0078] The test results above confirm that the present invention, by quantifying the environmental damping index and executing graded closed-loop alternating flutter drive, can ensure that the mechanical mechanism completes its actions within the time constraint window under high damping conditions.

Claims

1. A smart drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse are collected simultaneously, and the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment is recorded. Based on the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and resting time, the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic push rod is calculated. A phase trajectory closed curve is constructed based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence, and the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve are calculated. A tripping command is generated based on the phase trajectory morphology factor, and the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action is determined based on the area expansion rate. In response to the trip command, when the environmental hindrance index is greater than the preset second hindrance threshold, an alternating pulse width modulation wave is input to the electromagnetic push rod, the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit is extracted synchronously, and within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time, frequency optimization or timing truncation is performed on the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change.

2. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous acquisition of the instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse, and the recording of the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment specifically include: The instantaneous phase voltage sequence is obtained using a voltage divider sensor at a fixed sampling frequency; The instantaneous phase current sequence is obtained using a current transformer; The ambient temperature and relative humidity are obtained using a temperature and humidity sensor; Start the internal timer and extract the time interval from the end of the last action of the electromagnetic push rod to the current moment as the resting time.

3. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic actuator specifically includes: If the ambient temperature is less than 0 degrees Celsius or the relative humidity is greater than 85%, a preset positive real number penalty constant is output; otherwise, 0 is output, thus obtaining the environmental state penalty function. Calculate the integral value of the environmental state penalty function within the resting time interval, and calculate the product of the integral value and the environmental severity weighting coefficient to obtain the environmental penalty integral amount; The static aging amount is obtained by multiplying the settling time by the static aging coefficient. The environmental retardation index is obtained by summing the environmental penalty integral and the static aging amount.

4. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constructing a closed-loop phase trajectory curve based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence specifically includes: Extract the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence within a single power frequency cycle time period; Establish a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system; The instantaneous phase voltage sequence is mapped to the horizontal axis, and the instantaneous phase current sequence is mapped to the vertical axis, generating a single-cycle closed curve of the phase trajectory in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

5. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve specifically includes: Calculate the actual integral area of ​​the closed curve of the phase trajectory; Extract all poles of the closed curve of the phase trajectory, construct the minimum convex polygon enclosed by all poles, and calculate the convex hull area of ​​the minimum convex polygon. The ratio of the actual integral area to the convex hull area is calculated to obtain the phase trajectory morphology factor; Obtain the actual integrated area of ​​two adjacent power frequency cycles, calculate the difference between the actual integrated areas of the two adjacent power frequency cycles, calculate the ratio of the difference to the duration of the power frequency cycle, and obtain the area expansion rate.

6. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating a tripping command based on the phase trajectory morphology factor and determining the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action based on the area expansion rate specifically includes: Determine whether the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting; Determine whether the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the preset non-magnetic inrush current tolerance range; When the effective value of the instantaneous phase current sequence is greater than the protection setting value, and the phase trajectory morphology factor is within the non-excitation inrush current tolerance range, the trip command is generated. The sum of the area expansion rate and the preset minimum positive real number is calculated to obtain the denominator of the expansion rate. The ratio of the inverse time-limited energy constant to the denominator of the expansion rate is calculated to obtain the limit tolerance clearance time.

7. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the environmental blocking index is greater than the preset second blocking threshold, inputting an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod specifically includes: Set a first blocking threshold, which is less than a second blocking threshold; When the environmental blocking index is equal to the first blocking threshold, a DC pulse width modulation waveform with a constant duty cycle is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the environmental resistance index is greater than the first resistance threshold and less than or equal to the second resistance threshold, a step pulse with a peak drive current is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the environmental damping index is greater than the second damping threshold, the alternating pulse width modulation wave of the initial frequency is generated and input to the electromagnetic push rod.

8. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of synchronously extracting the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit, and within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time, specifically includes: Start a countdown timer, and set the starting countdown time of the countdown timer to the limit tolerance clearing time, thus forming a constraint window for the limit tolerance clearing time; The instantaneous driving voltage and instantaneous driving current of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit are sampled synchronously. Calculate the rate of change of the instantaneous driving current with respect to time; Calculate the product of the current coil inductance and the rate of change of current to obtain the first steady-state voltage term; The difference between the instantaneous driving voltage and the first steady-state voltage term is calculated to obtain the dynamic voltage term; The ratio of the dynamic voltage term to the instantaneous drive current is calculated to obtain the change in dynamic inductance.

9. The intelligent drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that, Performing frequency optimization or timing truncation on the alternating pulse width modulation wave specifically includes: When the change in dynamic inductance is less than the mechanical unbinding threshold and the current recording time of the countdown timer is not zero, the frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is adjusted by the frequency step. When the change in dynamic inductance is greater than or equal to the mechanical unbinding threshold, the output of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is interrupted, and a unidirectional DC pulse is output to the electromagnetic push rod. When the current recording time of the countdown timer reaches zero and the change in dynamic inductance is less than the mechanical unbinding threshold, the adjustment of the frequency of the alternating pulse width modulation wave is terminated, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage capacitor of the drive circuit is extracted, converted into a unidirectional shock wave, and output to the electromagnetic push rod.

10. A smart drive control system for a drop-out high-voltage fuse, applied to the smart drive control method for a drop-out high-voltage fuse as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to synchronously acquire the instantaneous phase voltage sequence, instantaneous phase current sequence, ambient temperature, and relative humidity of the drop-out high-voltage fuse, and record the static time of the electromagnetic push rod from the end of the last action to the current moment. The index calculation module calculates the environmental resistance index of the electromagnetic push rod based on the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, and the resting time. The trajectory analysis module is used to construct a phase trajectory closed curve based on the instantaneous phase voltage sequence and the instantaneous phase current sequence, and to calculate the phase trajectory morphology factor and area expansion rate of the phase trajectory closed curve; The instruction generation module generates a tripping instruction based on the phase trajectory morphology factor and determines the limit tolerance clearing time of the tripping action based on the area expansion rate. The drive control module is used to respond to the trip command, and when the environmental hindrance index is greater than the preset second hindrance threshold, input an alternating pulse width modulation wave to the electromagnetic push rod, simultaneously extract the dynamic inductance change of the electromagnetic push rod drive circuit, and perform frequency optimization or timing truncation on the alternating pulse width modulation wave based on the dynamic inductance change within the constraint window of the limit tolerance clearing time.

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