Short circuit protection method of battery energy storage system and battery energy storage system

Abstract

A short-circuit protection method and a battery energy storage system are disclosed. The system includes a battery cluster and a power control device connected to the battery cluster. The battery cluster includes multiple battery modules connected in series. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. The first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit in which the active fuse is located. The short-circuit protection method of the battery energy storage system includes: sampling a current through the first current sensor and defining the current as a first current; in response to the first current satisfying a first short-circuit condition, sending a drive signal to the first interrupter, and not sending a drive signal to the module interrupter, so that the first interrupter performs a disconnection operation, while the module interrupter does not perform a disconnection operation; the first short-circuit condition includes a current parameter of the first current exceeding a preset threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a short-circuit protection method for a battery energy storage system and a battery energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In battery energy storage systems, DC-side short-circuit fault protection typically relies on fuses. Taking a battery energy storage system with multiple battery modules connected in series and a single battery cluster as an example, the battery cluster is connected to a high-voltage box. The high-voltage box is the core high-voltage power distribution unit in the battery energy storage system, responsible for managing the switching, distribution, and protection of high-voltage DC power between the battery cluster and external equipment (such as energy storage converters). To improve short-circuit maintenance efficiency, the protection configuration of this battery energy storage system typically adopts a hierarchical protection strategy: each battery module is equipped with a module fuse, while the high-voltage box at the next higher level is equipped with a high-voltage box fuse. When a short-circuit fault occurs, the high-voltage box fuse is ensured to blow faster than the module fuse, while the module fuse remains undamaged and does not blow during the short circuit. After a short circuit fault occurs, maintenance personnel only need to replace the high-voltage box fuse in a low protection level (such as IP2X) environment, without having to spend time removing the battery module in a high protection level (such as IP67) environment to replace the module fuse. This hierarchical protection strategy is conducive to achieving selective protection of the module fuse. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application discloses a short-circuit protection method and a battery energy storage system, which can avoid the problem of cascading failure and reduce maintenance difficulty and cost. It also facilitates faster and more reliable disconnection of short-circuit loops, thus improving the safety of the battery energy storage system.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a short-circuit protection method for a battery energy storage system, which can be applied to a control device in the battery energy storage system or a device matched with the control device (e.g., a device such as a chip or processor placed inside the control device). The battery energy storage system includes a battery cluster and a power control device connected to the battery cluster. The battery cluster includes multiple battery modules connected in series. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. Both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit where the active fuse is located. The short-circuit protection method for the battery energy storage system includes: sampling a current through the first current sensor, defining this current as a first current; in response to the first current satisfying a first short-circuit condition, sending a drive signal to the first interrupter, and not sending a drive signal to the module interrupter, so that the first interrupter performs a disconnection operation, while the module interrupter does not perform a disconnection operation; wherein the first short-circuit condition includes a current parameter of the first current exceeding a preset threshold.

[0005] In this technical solution, upon detecting a short circuit, a drive signal is sent to the active fuse (i.e., the first interruptor) within the power control device, while no drive signal is sent to the module interruptor within the battery module. This causes the first interruptor to perform a disconnection operation, while the module interruptor does not. On one hand, this avoids the problem of cascading faults, reducing maintenance difficulty and costs. On the other hand, the active fuse allows for faster and more reliable disconnection of the short-circuit loop, thus improving the safety of the battery energy storage system. Furthermore, replacing traditional fuses with active fuses to cut off the circuit eliminates the need for complex selection and matching of traditional fuses, significantly reducing the design cost of the battery energy storage system and improving design efficiency.

[0006] In some possible implementations, the number of battery clusters is one, the power control device is an electrical control box, and both the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor are located in the electrical control box. The battery energy storage system also includes: multiple second processors and a first processor located in the electrical control box. The first processor is coupled to the first circuit breaker, and one second processor is coupled to a corresponding module circuit breaker. The first processor is communicatively connected to the multiple second processors. Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and not sending a drive signal to the module circuit breaker includes: the first processor sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sending first communication information to the multiple second processors. The first communication information is used to instruct the multiple second processors not to send drive signals to their respective corresponding module circuit breakers.

[0007] In this technical solution, by explicitly sending the first communication information to all second processors, it is possible to prevent the second processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding module circuit breakers, thereby preventing the module circuit breakers from mistakenly performing disconnection operations.

[0008] In some possible implementations, both the first circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system; the method further includes: in response to a first time elapsed after the first processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and the first current still satisfies the first short-circuit condition, the first processor sends second communication information to at least one of a plurality of second processors, the second communication information being used to instruct at least one second processor to send a drive signal to its respective corresponding module circuit breaker.

[0009] In this technical solution, if the first circuit breaker fails to disconnect or operates slowly, the backup protection mechanism can be quickly activated to disconnect the short-circuit circuit using the module circuit breaker, thereby effectively preventing damage to electrical components caused by continuous short-circuit current impact.

[0010] In some possible implementations, there are multiple battery clusters connected in parallel. The power control device is a combiner cabinet, in which the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor are both located. The battery energy storage system also includes multiple electrical control boxes, with one electrical control box connected to each battery cluster. Each electrical control box includes a second circuit breaker and a second current sensor. The multiple electrical control boxes are coupled to the DC combiner bus in the combiner cabinet. The method further includes: in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the first threshold, not sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, so that the second circuit breaker does not perform a disconnection operation, wherein the first threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the combiner cabinet is short-circuited (or, in other words, the first threshold represents the current threshold set for the combiner cabinet when the output port of the combiner cabinet is short-circuited); or, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold, sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, so that the second circuit breaker performs a disconnection operation, wherein the second threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the DC combiner bus or electrical control box is short-circuited (or, in other words, the second threshold represents the current threshold set for the combiner cabinet when the output port of the DC combiner bus or electrical control box is short-circuited); wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

[0011] In this technical solution, the relationship between the current parameters of the first current and the first and second thresholds can be used to distinguish whether the short circuit occurs at the first location (the output port of the combiner cabinet) or the second location (the output port of the electrical control box or the DC combiner bus). This allows for determination of whether, in addition to driving the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet to perform a disconnection operation, the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box also needs to be driven. This facilitates a hierarchical protection strategy based on short circuit location identification, ensuring effective short circuit fault resolution while avoiding the need to drive other circuit breakers, thus improving the reliability and ease of maintenance of the battery energy storage system. If the short circuit is identified as occurring at the first location, driving the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet to perform a disconnection operation is sufficient; driving the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box is unnecessary. If the short circuit is identified as occurring at the second location, driving the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet to perform a disconnection operation is necessary, but driving the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box is also required.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: sampling a current using a second current sensor and defining the current as a second current. Sending a drive signal to a second circuit breaker in response to a first current satisfying a first short-circuit condition and a preset threshold being a second threshold includes: sending drive signals to multiple second circuit breakers in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, the preset threshold being the second threshold, and the second current on at least one second current sensor satisfying the second short-circuit condition; wherein the second short-circuit condition includes a current parameter of the second current being greater than a third threshold, the third threshold representing the current threshold when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited (or, in other words, the third threshold representing the current threshold set for the electrical control box when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited).

[0013] In this technical solution, based on the short-circuit current detected by the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet, and combined with the short-circuit current detected by at least one second current sensor, it is possible to more accurately determine which battery clusters in the battery energy storage system are in operation and have experienced a short-circuit fault. Then, a drive signal is sent to the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box corresponding to the battery cluster in operation to disconnect the short-circuit loop. Specifically, if the second current on a certain second current sensor is 0, it indicates that the battery cluster corresponding to the electrical control box where the second current sensor is located is not in operation, i.e., the battery cluster is not actually connected to the DC combiner bus to participate in energy charging and discharging. If the second short-circuit condition is met on a certain second current sensor, it indicates that the battery cluster corresponding to the electrical control box where the second current sensor is located is in operation, and a short-circuit fault has occurred at the output port of the electrical control box.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the battery energy storage system further includes: multiple fourth processors, multiple fifth processors, and a third processor disposed in a combiner cabinet, the third processor being coupled to a first circuit breaker; one fourth processor disposed in an electrical control box and coupled to a second circuit breaker; one fifth processor coupled to a module circuit breaker; wherein the third processor is communicatively connected to the multiple fourth processors, and one fourth processor is communicatively connected to the multiple fifth processors within a corresponding battery cluster. Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, but not to the second circuit breaker or the module circuit breaker, includes: the third processor sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sending third communication information to the multiple fourth processors, and the multiple fourth processors sending fourth communication information to each of the fifth processors within their respective battery clusters. Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, and not sending a drive signal to the module circuit breaker includes: a third processor sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, multiple fourth processors sending drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and multiple fourth processors sending fourth communication information to each fifth processor within their respective battery clusters; wherein the third communication information is used to instruct the multiple fourth processors not to send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and the fourth communication information is used to instruct each fifth processor not to send drive signals to its respective module circuit breaker.

[0015] In this technical solution, a first current satisfying a first short-circuit condition and a preset threshold value of the first threshold value can indicate a short circuit at the first location (the output port of the combiner cabinet). In this case, the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, causing the first circuit breaker to perform a disconnection operation, thereby successfully breaking the short-circuit loop. Furthermore, the third processor explicitly sends third communication information to all fourth processors, preventing fourth processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding second circuit breakers, thus preventing the second circuit breakers from mistakenly performing a disconnection operation. Additionally, each fourth processor explicitly sends fourth communication information to all fifth processors within its corresponding battery cluster, preventing fifth processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding module circuit breakers, thus preventing the module circuit breakers from mistakenly performing a disconnection operation.

[0016] If the first current satisfies the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold is the second threshold, it indicates a short circuit at the second location (output port of the electrical control box or DC bus). In this case, two short-circuit loops are formed in the battery energy storage system. One short-circuit loop (hereinafter referred to as the first short-circuit loop) consists of multiple short-circuit loops formed by multiple battery clusters and their electrical control box branches. The other short-circuit loop (hereinafter referred to as the second short-circuit loop) consists of a short-circuit loop formed by the combiner cabinet and the energy storage converter. The third processor sends a drive signal to the first interruptor, which causes the first interruptor to perform a disconnection operation, thereby successfully disconnecting the second short-circuit loop. In addition, each fourth processor sends a drive signal to its corresponding second interruptor, which causes all second interruptors to perform a disconnection operation, thereby successfully disconnecting the first short-circuit loop. Furthermore, each fourth processor also explicitly sends fourth communication information to all fifth processors within its corresponding battery cluster. This can prevent the fifth processor from mistakenly sending drive signals to its corresponding module interruptor, thereby preventing the module interruptor from mistakenly performing a disconnection operation.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the current parameters include current magnitude and / or current rise rate.

[0018] In this technical solution, determining whether a short circuit exists based on current amplitude is simple to implement. Determining whether a short circuit exists based on the current rise rate allows for early detection of short circuit faults before the current amplitude reaches a threshold, resulting in faster detection. Combining current amplitude and current rise rate for judgment can effectively improve the accuracy and speed of short circuit detection.

[0019] In some possible implementations, both the first and second circuit breakers are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breakers is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. After the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sends third communication information to multiple fourth processors, the method further includes: in response to a second time interval after the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and the first current still meets the first short-circuit condition, the third processor sends fifth communication information to multiple fourth processors, the fifth communication information being used to instruct the multiple fourth processors to send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers.

[0020] In this technical solution, if the first circuit breaker fails to disconnect or operates slowly, the backup protection mechanism can be quickly activated to disconnect the short-circuit circuit using the second circuit breaker, thereby effectively preventing damage to electrical components caused by continuous short-circuit current impact.

[0021] In some possible implementations, both the second circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. After the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, the method further includes: in response to a third time interval after multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and the second current collected by at least one second current sensor still meets the second short-circuit condition, multiple fourth processors send sixth communication information to at least one fifth processor in their respective battery clusters. The sixth communication information is used to instruct at least one fifth processor in the battery cluster to send drive signals to their respective corresponding module circuit breakers. The second short-circuit condition includes the second current parameter being greater than a third threshold, where the third threshold characterizes the current threshold when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited (or, in other words, the third threshold characterizes the current threshold set for the electrical control box when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited).

[0022] In this technical solution, the backup protection mechanism can be quickly activated in the event of failure of the second circuit breaker to disconnect or slow operation, and the short-circuit circuit can be disconnected by the module circuit breaker, thereby effectively preventing damage to electrical components caused by continuous impact of short-circuit current.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a control device, which includes units for implementing the method described in the first aspect.

[0024] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide another control device, including a plurality of processors; the plurality of processors are configured to run computer programs or instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the control device may further include a memory connected to the plurality of processors; the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions; the plurality of processors are specifically used to retrieve the computer programs or instructions from the memory and run the computer programs or instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0026] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a battery energy storage system, which includes multiple processors, battery clusters, and a power control device connected to the battery clusters. The battery clusters include multiple battery modules connected in series, each battery module including a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. Both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit where the active fuse is located. The multiple processors are used to run computer programs or instructions to execute the method described in the first aspect.

[0027] Fifthly, embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device that includes the battery energy storage system described in the fourth aspect.

[0028] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or computer instructions, which, when executed, cause a control device to perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0029] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a control device, causes the control device to perform the method described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system applicable to the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active fuse that achieves disconnection through explosive melting, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system containing m battery clusters provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a short-circuit protection method for a battery energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system including a first processor and multiple second processors provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first processor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system including a third processor, multiple fourth processors, multiple fifth processors, and multiple battery clusters, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. "At least one" in the embodiments of this application refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" in the embodiments of this application describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural.

[0032] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0033] Taking a battery energy storage system corresponding to a single battery cluster with multiple battery modules connected in series as an example, in this battery energy storage system, the battery cluster is connected to the high-voltage box, each battery module is equipped with a module fuse, and the high-voltage box fuse is also equipped in the high-voltage box of the next level.

[0034] In related technologies, both module fuses and high-voltage box fuses belong to traditional fuses. Traditional fuses require a sufficiently large fault current and a sufficiently long duration to ensure that the molten metal inside the fuse generates enough heat before it can melt. Due to this passive protection characteristic and the inherent discreteness of the devices, in order to ensure that the high-voltage box fuse melts quickly and preferentially while the module fuse does not melt or become damaged, designers need to select matching high-voltage box fuses and module fuses from a large number of traditional fuses based on the specific operating characteristics of the fuses. This selection and matching process is extremely complex and cumbersome. With the continuous increase in cell capacity and the increasing complexity of battery energy storage systems, operating current and short-circuit current are constantly increasing, which correspondingly makes the fuse selection and matching process even more complicated, and may even result in situations where it is impossible to select a fuse that meets the requirements.

[0035] If matching high-voltage box fuses and module fuses cannot be selected, it may lead to the module fuses blowing prematurely before the high-voltage box fuses, significantly increasing maintenance difficulty and cost. Furthermore, it may prevent the timely disconnection of short-circuit circuits, potentially causing safety accidents.

[0036] In view of this, this application proposes a battery energy storage system and a short-circuit protection method applied to the battery energy storage system. This method can avoid the problem of cascading failure, which helps to reduce maintenance difficulty and cost. It also facilitates faster and more reliable disconnection of the short-circuit loop, thus improving the safety of the battery energy storage system.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system. The battery energy storage system (10) may include, but is not limited to, battery clusters (101) and a power control device (102) connected to the battery clusters. The power control device may be directly connected to the battery clusters or indirectly connected through other components.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the battery cluster comprises n battery modules connected in series, namely battery module 1, battery module 2, ..., battery module n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module, as shown... Figure 1 As shown, battery module 1 includes module circuit breaker 1 and cell module 1, and battery module n includes module circuit breaker n and cell module n. A cell module is a battery cell obtained by combining multiple cells together in series and / or parallel. A module circuit breaker is a fuse installed in the cell module circuit, which can disconnect its own circuit when needed.

[0039] The power control device is a core component in a battery energy storage system responsible for scheduling, management, and protection. For example, the power control device can be an electrical control box, a combiner cabinet, or other electrical control components. The electrical control box is typically located at the output end of the battery cluster and is responsible for the high-voltage switching control and protection of a single battery cluster; it can also be called a high-voltage box. The combiner cabinet is used to combine the current from multiple battery clusters.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the power control device may include a first circuit breaker and a first current sensor. The first circuit breaker is a fuse installed in the circuit of the power control device, which can disconnect the circuit it is in when needed. The first current sensor is used to measure the current flowing through it, and the current sensor can be a shunt, a Hall sensor, etc.

[0041] Optionally or additionally, both the first circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are active fuses. Active fuses are used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit in which the active fuse is located. This application does not limit the specific method by which the active fuse disconnects the circuit. For example, the active fuse can disconnect the circuit by either explosive melting or non-explosive melting. An active fuse that disconnects by explosive melting can be called an explosive fuse (pyrofuse), a smart fuse, or other names. A schematic diagram of the structure of an active fuse that disconnects by explosive melting can be shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 As shown, an active fuse includes an ignition device, a piston (pushing mechanism), an arc-extinguishing chamber, and a connecting copper busbar with a pre-break. The pre-break is a deliberately designed weak point in the structure; its mechanical strength is significantly lower than that of the rest of the connecting copper busbar. When the active fuse receives a drive signal, it triggers the ignition device to explode. The resulting gas pressure pushes the piston, which in turn breaks the pre-break on the connecting copper busbar, thus rapidly cutting off the circuit and providing circuit interruption protection.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the power control device may include one or more first interruptors. Taking the power control device including one first interruptor as an example, the first interruptor can be... Figure 1 The first circuit breaker 1 is shown. Taking a power control device that includes two first circuit breakers as an example, one first circuit breaker can be installed at the positive terminal and one at the negative terminal of the power control device. Figure 1 As shown, a first circuit breaker 1 is installed at the positive terminal of the power control device, and a first circuit breaker 2 is installed at the negative terminal of the power control device.

[0043] In some possible implementations, the battery energy storage system may further include a control device (103) that is electrically connected to a first current interrupter, a first current sensor, and n module current interrupters, respectively. The control device can acquire current parameters detected by the first current sensor and determine whether a short circuit has occurred based on these parameters. In response to determining a short circuit, it sends a drive signal to the first current interrupter and does not send drive signals to the module current interrupters to disconnect the short-circuit loop. The control device may be a printed circuit board (PCB), and in some possible implementations, it may include multiple processors. In some possible implementations, the control device may be integrated onto the circuit board containing the Battery Management System (BMS).

[0044] This application does not limit the location of the control device. For example, the control device can be installed inside the power control device or outside the power control device. Figure 1 As shown. Optionally, the control device can consist of multiple components, which can be located in the same position or distributed in different positions.

[0045] For example, a schematic diagram of the control device can be shown as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 As shown, the control device includes a current detection unit, a judgment unit, and a drive unit. The current detection unit is connected to a first current sensor and the judgment unit to acquire the current parameters detected by the first current sensor and transmit these parameters to the judgment unit. If the judgment unit determines a short circuit based on the current parameters, it can notify the drive unit, which then sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker but does not send a drive signal to the module circuit breaker.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the battery energy storage system can be connected to one or more of the following components: a power conversion system (11), a load (12), a transformer (13), and a power grid (14). The power conversion system (PCS) acts as a bridge connecting the battery energy storage system to the power grid (or load). One end of the PCS is connected to the DC side of the battery energy storage system, and the other end is connected to the AC side of the power grid or load. In one scenario, the PCS acts as a rectifier, converting the AC power from the power grid to DC power to charge the battery cell modules in the battery energy storage system. In another scenario, the PCS acts as an inverter, converting the DC power output from the battery cell modules in the battery energy storage system to AC power to feed back to the power grid or power the load. Figure 1 As shown, the power control device can be connected via the DC bus ( Figure 1 (Bold straight line in the middle) is electrically connected to the PCS. The DC bus is a conductive channel used to collect and distribute DC power. The conductive channel between the output port of the power control device and the input port of the PCS can be used as the DC bus. The load refers to electrical equipment or devices that consume electrical energy, and the battery energy storage system can supply power to them when discharging. The transformer is used to step up or down the voltage to achieve voltage matching between the battery energy storage system and the power grid and load, ensuring safe and efficient transmission of electrical energy. The power grid is a power network composed of power generation, transmission, and distribution. The battery energy storage system can absorb electrical energy from the power grid for charging and can also transmit electrical energy to the power grid.

[0047] This application does not limit the number, installation location, or form of each component in the battery energy storage system. Figure 1 This is merely one possible deployment method and does not constitute a limitation on this application.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the power control device may also include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following components: circuit breakers, contactors, or other components. A circuit breaker is a switch with protective functions; it can automatically trip in case of overload or short circuit, and can be manually or automatically closed. Circuit breakers are reusable. A contactor is an electrically driven electromagnetic switch, mainly used for frequently switching the main circuit during normal operation. A fuse is used to disconnect the circuit during a break; a fuse is a one-time protective device and must be replaced after it blows.

[0049] In some possible implementations, the number of battery clusters can be one or more. When the number of battery clusters is one, Figure 1 The power control device shown can be an electrical control box. Taking a battery cluster with m cells, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, as an example, a schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system containing m battery clusters can be shown as follows: Figure 4 As shown. In Figure 4 In this configuration, m battery clusters are connected in parallel. The power control device can be a combiner cabinet, with the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor both located within it. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in addition to m battery clusters and power control devices, the battery energy storage system also includes m electrical control boxes, namely electrical control box 1, ..., electrical control box m. Each battery cluster is connected to one electrical control box, and a battery cluster and its connected electrical control box form a branch. The m electrical control boxes are coupled to the DC bus in the combiner cabinet, meaning that the branches of different battery clusters are connected in parallel to the DC bus in the combiner cabinet. The DC bus is the main DC channel used to converge and merge the current from multiple battery cluster branches for transmission. Figure 4 The DC busbars in the diagram are represented by bold straight lines. Coupling indicates that two components (such as m electrical control boxes and a combiner cabinet) can exchange energy, signals, or data through direct or indirect connection.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, each electrical control box includes a second circuit breaker and a second current sensor. The second circuit breaker is also an active fuse. The second current sensor is used to measure the current flowing through it, and the second current sensor may be the same type as or different from the first current sensor. Figure 4 In the diagram, a rectangle filled with the character "I" represents the first current sensor, and a rectangle filled with the character "I'" represents the second current sensor. A light gray rectangle represents the first current interruptor, and a dark gray rectangle represents the second current interruptor.

[0051] In some possible implementations, the electrical control box may include one or more second circuit breakers. Taking an electrical control box including one second circuit breaker as an example, the second circuit breaker in electrical control box 1 could be... Figure 4The second circuit breaker 1 is shown. Taking an electrical control box that includes two second circuit breakers as an example, one second circuit breaker can be installed on each of the positive and negative terminals of the electrical control box. For example... Figure 4 As shown, a second circuit breaker 1-1 is installed at the positive terminal of electrical control box 1, and a second circuit breaker 1-2 is installed at the negative terminal of electrical control box 1.

[0052] Among some possible implementations, Figure 4 The battery energy storage system shown may also include a control device, which can be electrically connected to the first circuit breaker, the first current sensor, the second circuit breaker in each of the m electrical control boxes, and the n module circuit breakers in each battery cluster. For details regarding the control device, please refer to [link to relevant information]. Figure 1 The specific description of the control device will not be repeated here.

[0053] The short-circuit protection method for the battery energy storage system proposed in this application is described below. This short-circuit protection method for the battery energy storage system can be executed by the control device in the battery energy storage system, or by a device matched with the control device (such as a chip or processor, etc., placed inside the control device). The following description takes the execution of the short-circuit protection method of the battery energy storage system by the control device as an example.

[0054] The battery energy storage system includes battery clusters and a power control device connected to the battery clusters. Each battery cluster comprises multiple battery modules connected in series. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. Both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal, thereby cutting off the circuit in which the active fuse is located. Further details regarding the battery energy storage system can be found in the preceding description and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a short-circuit protection method for a battery energy storage system according to this application. Figure 5 As shown, the short-circuit protection method for this battery energy storage system may include, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0056] S501: Sample the current through the first current sensor and define the current as the first current.

[0057] The first current sensor samples the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through it and outputs the collected current parameters to the control device. The control device can define this current as the first current and determine whether the first current meets the first short-circuit condition based on the current parameters of the first current.

[0058] In some possible implementations, the current parameters may include current amplitude and / or current rise rate. Here, current amplitude is the magnitude of the current at a given moment, and current rise rate is the rate at which the current increases over time, i.e., the amount of current increase per unit time. The first short-circuit condition includes a first current parameter exceeding a preset threshold.

[0059] When current parameters include current amplitude and current rise rate, each current amplitude and current rise rate have corresponding preset thresholds. In other words, the control device monitors the current amplitude and current rise rate of the first current. If at least one of these parameters exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, a short circuit fault is determined to have occurred. The short circuit circuit can then be broken by the first circuit breaker in the same circuit as the first current breaker in the power control device. Determining a short circuit based on current amplitude is simple. Determining a short circuit based on current rise rate allows for earlier detection before the current amplitude reaches the threshold, resulting in faster detection. Combining current amplitude and current rise rate for judgment effectively improves the accuracy and speed of short circuit detection.

[0060] S502: In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, a drive signal is sent to the first circuit breaker, and no drive signal is sent to the module circuit breaker, so that the first circuit breaker performs a disconnection operation and the module circuit breaker does not perform a disconnection operation; wherein, the first short-circuit condition includes the current parameter of the first current being greater than a preset threshold.

[0061] The detection of a short circuit indicates that a short circuit has been detected when the first current meets the first short-circuit condition. A drive signal is sent to the active fuse (i.e., the first interruptor) within the power control device, but not to the module interruptor within the battery module. Since the active fuse only performs the breaking operation upon receiving the drive signal, it can ensure that the first interruptor performs the breaking operation while the module interruptor does not. Firstly, this avoids the problem of cascading failures, reducing maintenance difficulty and cost. Secondly, the active fuse can immediately perform the breaking operation upon receiving the drive signal, thus quickly and reliably disconnecting the short-circuit loop within the tolerance time of the protected devices (cells, contactors) in the battery energy storage system, improving the safety of the battery energy storage system. Thirdly, replacing traditional fuses with active fuses to cut off the circuit eliminates the need for complex selection and matching of traditional fuses, significantly reducing the design cost of the battery energy storage system and improving design efficiency. In this context, the protected device refers to a critical component in a battery energy storage system that is susceptible to damage from the thermal effects of short-circuit current. The safe operation of the protected device determines the overall reliability of the battery energy storage system. In some possible implementations, the protected device may include, but is not limited to, battery cells and / or contactors. The withstand time of the protected device refers to the maximum time it can withstand a short-circuit current surge without permanent damage or severe performance degradation. If the protected device withstands the short-circuit current for longer than its withstand time, irreversible damage will occur, posing a safety risk.

[0062] by Figure 1 Taking the battery energy storage system shown as an example, the short circuit location corresponding to the first current satisfying the first short circuit condition may be a short circuit at the output port of the power control device. For example, loose wiring or damaged insulation in the external junction box of the power control device may cause contact between the positive and negative terminals, forming a short circuit. Alternatively, the short circuit location may be a short circuit on the DC bus, for example... Figure 1 The positive DC bus and the negative DC bus shown are in direct contact, forming a short circuit.

[0063] In some possible implementations, the number of battery clusters is one, the power control device is an electrical control box, and both the first current interrupter and the first current sensor are located in the electrical control box. The battery energy storage system may also include the following components: multiple second processors, and a first processor located in the electrical control box. The first processor is coupled to the first current interrupter, one second processor is coupled to a corresponding module current interrupter, and the first processor is communicatively connected to the multiple second processors. An exemplary schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system including a first processor and multiple second processors can be shown as follows: Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6In this battery energy storage system, the combiner cabinet is not included. The first current is sampled by the first current sensor in the electrical control box. When a short circuit is detected, the first interrupter in the electrical control box disconnects the short-circuit loop by performing a disconnection operation. Figure 6 As shown, the battery energy storage system includes n second processors, each of which is coupled to a corresponding module circuit breaker. This application does not limit the connection method between the first processor and each of the second processors. For example, the first processor can be connected to each of the second processors individually, or the n second processors can be connected in series and then connected to the first processor. For simplicity, Figure 6 Taking the second connection method as an example does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In addition to being connected to the first circuit breaker and the second processor, the first processor can also be coupled to the first current sensor in the electrical control box to obtain the current parameters detected by the first current sensor. In some possible implementations, the first processor and n second processors can be understood as specific implementations of a control device, that is, the aforementioned control device includes the first processor and n second processors communicatively connected to the first processor. Both the first processor and the second processors can be processing modules implemented through software and / or hardware. The first processor can also be called an electrical control box monitoring module, and the second processor can also be called a module monitoring module.

[0064] This application does not limit the location of the second processor. For example, the second processor can be located inside the battery module, or it can be located outside the battery module but within the battery cluster. Figure 6 As shown. The second processor being located inside the battery module means that a second processor is placed within the battery module containing the module interrupter, which is coupled to this second processor. For example, it can be... Figure 6 The second processor n is located inside the battery module n.

[0065] In some possible implementations, the control device sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker. A specific implementation that prevents the drive signal from being sent to the module circuit breaker can be: the first processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sends first communication information to multiple second processors. The first communication information instructs the multiple second processors not to send drive signals to their respective corresponding module circuit breakers. By explicitly sending the first communication information to all second processors, it is possible to prevent second processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding module circuit breakers, thereby preventing the module circuit breakers from erroneously performing disconnection operations.

[0066] In some possible implementations, the structural diagram of the first processor can be as follows: Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7As shown, the first processor includes a current detection unit, a judgment unit, a drive unit, and a communication unit. The current detection unit is connected to a first current sensor and the judgment unit to acquire the current parameters detected by the first current sensor and transmit these parameters to the judgment unit. The judgment unit determines whether a short circuit has occurred based on the current parameters. In response to determining a short circuit, the judgment unit notifies the drive unit, which then sends a drive signal to the first interruptor. Furthermore, the judgment unit notifies the communication unit to send first communication information to the second processor.

[0067] In some possible implementations, the first current interrupter is a full-voltage current interrupter, while the module current interrupters in each battery module are non-full-voltage current interrupters. The rated voltage of the full-voltage current interrupter is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system, while the rated voltage of the non-full-voltage current interrupter is less than the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. In other words, the full-voltage current interrupter has the ability to withstand and interrupt the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system, while the non-full-voltage current interrupter does not. In this way, on the one hand, the short-circuit circuit can be reliably disconnected by the first current interrupter, which is a full-voltage current interrupter. On the other hand, compared to setting all module current interrupters as full-voltage current interrupters, setting the module current interrupters as non-full-voltage current interrupters can effectively reduce costs.

[0068] Optionally, both the first current interrupter and the module current interrupter are full-voltage current interrupters, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage current interrupter is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. In response to a first time elapsed after the first processor sends a drive signal to the first current interrupter, and the first current still satisfying the first short-circuit condition, the first processor may send second communication information to at least one of a plurality of second processors. The second communication information is used to instruct at least one second processor to send a drive signal to its corresponding module current interrupter. The fact that the first current still satisfies the first short-circuit condition after the first processor sends a drive signal to the first current interrupter indicates that the first current interrupter has not successfully broken the short-circuit loop. In this case, the first processor sending the second communication information to at least one second processor enables that at least one second processor to send a drive signal to its corresponding module current interrupter, causing at least one module current interrupter to perform a disconnection operation. Since the module current interrupter is a full-voltage current interrupter, the module current interrupter performs a disconnection operation to break the short-circuit loop. If the module current interrupter is a non-full-voltage interrupter, even if it receives a drive signal, it may not be able to safely and successfully disconnect the short-circuit circuit. This is because during a short circuit, the voltage across the module current interrupter exceeds its rated voltage. The module current interrupter does not have the capability to withstand and interrupt the highest voltage of the entire battery energy storage system. If the module current interrupter attempts to disconnect, it may explode. Therefore, this method allows for rapid activation of the backup protection mechanism in case the first current interrupter fails to disconnect or is slow to act, using the module current interrupter to disconnect the short-circuit circuit, thus effectively preventing damage to electrical components caused by continuous short-circuit current surges.

[0069] In some possible implementations, the specific method for the first processor to send the second communication information to at least one second processor can be: the first processor simultaneously sends the second communication information to all second processors, which facilitates faster disconnection of the short-circuit loop. Alternatively, the first processor sequentially sends the second communication information to multiple second processors at different times. Figure 6 For example, the first processor sends the second communication information to the second processor 1 at time t1, and to the second processor 2 at time t2, and so on, until the short-circuit loop is successfully broken. At this point, the first processor stops sending the second communication information to the remaining second processors, or until the first processor has sent the second communication information to all second processors. When multiple battery modules in a battery cluster are connected in series, only one module's circuit breaker needs to perform the breaking operation to break the entire short-circuit loop. By gradually sending the second communication information to different second processors, it avoids the situation where too many module circuit breakers perform the breaking operation, requiring all of them to be replaced, which would lead to excessively high replacement costs.

[0070] In some possible implementations, the number of battery clusters can be multiple. For example, consider m battery clusters, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The m battery clusters are connected in parallel. The power control device is a combiner cabinet, where the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor are both located. The battery energy storage system can also include m electrical control boxes, with one electrical control box corresponding to one battery cluster. Each electrical control box includes a second circuit breaker and a second current sensor. The m electrical control boxes are coupled to the DC combiner bus within the combiner cabinet. In this case, a schematic diagram of the battery energy storage system is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 In this system, the first current is sampled by the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet. When a short circuit is detected, the short circuit loop is disconnected by at least the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet by performing a disconnection operation.

[0071] by Figure 4 Taking the battery energy storage system shown as an example, the short circuit location corresponding to the first current satisfying the first short circuit condition may be the first position or the second position. The first position is the output port of the combiner cabinet, and the second position is the output port of the electrical control box or the DC combiner bus.

[0072] Understandably, when a short circuit occurs at the first position (the output port of the combiner cabinet), the short-circuit current passing through the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet is the sum of the short-circuit currents passing through the second current sensors in the m electrical controllers, and the rate of increase of the short-circuit current passing through the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet is also the sum of the short-circuit currents passing through the second current sensors in the m electrical controllers. In other words, when a short circuit occurs at the first position, both the amplitude and rate of increase of the short-circuit current collected by the first current sensor are relatively high.

[0073] When the second position (output port of the electrical control box or DC busbar) is short-circuited, the short-circuit current passing through the second current sensor in the m electrical controllers is not significantly different from that when the first position is short-circuited. However, the short-circuit current passing through the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet is the reverse current of the energy storage converter, which is less than the short-circuit current passing through the first current sensor when the first position is short-circuited. In other words, when the second position is short-circuited, the current amplitude and rate of rise of the short-circuit current collected by the first current sensor are both lower.

[0074] In some possible implementations, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the first threshold, the control device may not send a drive signal to the second interruptor, so that the second interruptor does not perform a disconnection operation; wherein the first threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the combiner cabinet is short-circuited; or, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold, a drive signal is sent to the second interruptor, so that all second interruptors perform a disconnection operation; wherein the second threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the DC combiner bus or electrical control box is short-circuited. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold. In this way, by judging the relationship between the current parameter of the first current and the first and second thresholds, the location of the short circuit can be distinguished as either the first or second location. This allows for determining whether, in addition to driving the first interruptor in the combiner cabinet to perform a disconnection operation, the second interruptor in the electrical control box also needs to be driven to perform a disconnection operation. This facilitates a hierarchical protection strategy based on short-circuit location identification, ensuring effective resolution of short-circuit faults while minimizing the need to drive other interruptors to perform disconnection operations, thus improving the reliability and ease of maintenance of the battery energy storage system. The first threshold can also be described as: a current threshold set for the combiner cabinet when its output port is short-circuited. The second threshold can also be described as: a current threshold set for the combiner cabinet when its output port is short-circuited.

[0075] The condition that the first current satisfies the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold is a first threshold (the first threshold is greater than the second threshold) indicates that: the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet detects the short-circuit current, and the short-circuit threshold used for detection (i.e., the first threshold) is relatively large; therefore, the probability of a short circuit at the first location is high. Since the short circuit can be broken by the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet when a short circuit occurs at the first location, there is no need to drive the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box to perform a breaking operation. In other words, in response to identifying the short circuit location as the first location, the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet is driven to perform a breaking operation, and there is no need to drive the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box to perform a breaking operation.

[0076] If the first current satisfies the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold is the second threshold (the first threshold is greater than the second threshold), it means that the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet detects the short-circuit current, and the short-circuit threshold used for detection (i.e., the second threshold) is relatively small. Therefore, the probability of a short circuit at the second location is high. When a short circuit occurs at the second location, two short-circuit loops are formed in the battery energy storage system. One type of short-circuit loop (hereinafter referred to as the first short-circuit loop) consists of m short-circuit loops formed by m battery clusters and their electrical control box branches. The other type of short-circuit loop (hereinafter referred to as the second short-circuit loop) consists of a short-circuit loop formed by the combiner cabinet and the energy storage converter. For the second short-circuit loop, the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet can perform a disconnection operation, but it cannot disconnect the first short-circuit loop. The second circuit breaker in the electrical control box needs to be driven to perform a disconnection operation to disconnect the first short-circuit loop. In other words, in response to identifying the short circuit location as the second location, in addition to driving the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet to perform a disconnection operation, the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box also needs to be driven to perform a disconnection operation.

[0077] In some possible implementations, for battery energy storage systems comprising only a single battery cluster, the system does not include a combiner cabinet, and the short-circuit current is sampled by a current sensor in the electrical control box. In this case, the sampled current parameters may include the current amplitude and / or the rate of current rise. For battery energy storage systems comprising multiple battery clusters (such as...) Figure 4 As shown, a battery energy storage system includes a combiner cabinet and an electrical control box. The short-circuit current is sampled by a current sensor in the combiner cabinet. In this case, the sampled current parameters can include the current amplitude and the rate of rise of the current. For a battery energy storage system consisting of only a single battery cluster, the system structure is relatively simple, and the loop impedance characteristics are fixed. In this case, normal load current and short-circuit current can usually be accurately distinguished by either the current amplitude or the rate of rise of the current. For a battery energy storage system consisting of multiple battery clusters, there is a parallel relationship between the battery clusters. When the battery energy storage system is in a charging / discharging switching or load change condition, it is easy to encounter a situation where the current amplitude is large but it is not a short circuit. Relying solely on the current amplitude can easily misjudge normal fluctuations as short circuits. By combining the current amplitude and the rate of rise of the current for comprehensive judgment, it is possible to distinguish between a real short circuit and normal disturbances more quickly and accurately, avoiding misjudgment of a short circuit.

[0078] In some possible implementations, Figure 4In the battery energy storage system shown, the control device can also sample the current through a second current sensor and define this current as a second current. A specific implementation of sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and a preset threshold being the second threshold can be as follows: In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, the preset threshold being the second threshold, and the second current on at least one second current sensor satisfying the second short-circuit condition, the control device can send a drive signal to multiple second circuit breakers (such as...). Figure 4 The second interrupter in the m electrical controllers sends a drive signal. The second short-circuit condition includes a second current parameter exceeding a third threshold, where the third threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited. The third threshold can also be described as: a current threshold set for the electrical control box when its output port is short-circuited.

[0079] Specifically, the fact that the second current on at least one second current sensor satisfies the second short-circuit condition indicates that at least one second current sensor in an electrical control box has detected a short-circuit current. Since the branches to which multiple electrical control boxes belong are connected in parallel, the fact that at least one second current sensor in an electrical control box has detected a short-circuit current indicates that all branches to which electrical control boxes belong are short-circuited. As mentioned above, if the first current satisfies the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold is the second threshold (the first threshold is greater than the second threshold), it indicates that the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet has detected a short-circuit current, and the short-circuit threshold used to detect the short circuit (i.e., the second threshold) is relatively small. Therefore, the probability of a short circuit at the second location is relatively high. Based on the fact that the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet has detected a short-circuit current, combined with the fact that at least one second current sensor has detected a short-circuit current, it is possible to more accurately determine which battery clusters in the multiple battery clusters in the battery energy storage system are in operation and have experienced a short-circuit fault. Then, a drive signal is sent to the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box corresponding to the battery cluster in operation to disconnect the short-circuit loop. If the second current on a certain second current sensor is 0, it indicates that the battery cluster corresponding to the electrical control box where the second current sensor is located is not in a working state, that is, the battery cluster is not actually connected to the DC bus to participate in charging and discharging. For example, the contactor in the electrical control box is open, causing the battery cluster corresponding to the electrical control box to be open-circuited and not actually connected to the DC bus. If the second short-circuit condition is met on a certain second current sensor, it indicates that the battery cluster corresponding to the electrical control box where the second current sensor is located is in a working state, and the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited.

[0080] The relationship between the first threshold, second threshold, third threshold, and preset threshold is shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, in a battery energy storage system containing only a single battery cluster, there is no combiner cabinet. Therefore, the current sensor within the combiner cabinet is not involved in determining whether a short circuit has occurred, and thus the short-circuit threshold used by that current sensor is not relevant. In a battery energy storage system containing only a single battery cluster, the control device determines whether a short circuit has occurred based on the first current collected by the current sensor within the electrical control box. The short-circuit threshold used by the control device when determining whether a short circuit has occurred based on the first current is the preset threshold. In this case, the current sensor is the first current sensor. In a battery energy storage system containing multiple battery clusters, both a combiner cabinet and an electrical control box exist. The control device can determine whether a short circuit has occurred at the first and second locations based on the first current collected by the current sensor (i.e., the first current sensor) within the combiner cabinet. The short-circuit threshold used when determining a short circuit is called the preset threshold, which includes the first threshold and the second threshold. Whether the short-circuit threshold used when determining a short circuit is the first threshold or the second threshold can be used to distinguish whether the short circuit occurred at the first or second location. Specifically, the short-circuit threshold used by the control device to determine a short circuit at the first location is the first threshold, and the short-circuit threshold used to determine a short circuit at the second location is the second threshold. In a battery energy storage system comprising multiple battery clusters, the control device can determine whether a short circuit exists at the second location based on the second current sampled by the current sensor (i.e., the second current sensor) in any electrical control box, and the short-circuit threshold used by the control device to determine a short circuit at the second location based on the second current is the third threshold.

[0081] Table 1

[0082] In some possible implementations, a battery energy storage system comprising multiple battery clusters may further include the following components: multiple fourth processors, multiple fifth processors, and a third processor disposed in a combiner cabinet. The third processor is coupled to a first interrupter. A fourth processor is disposed in an electrical control box and coupled to a second interrupter in the electrical control box. A fifth processor is coupled to a module interrupter. The third processor is communicatively connected to the multiple fourth processors, and the fourth processor is communicatively connected to the multiple fifth processors within a corresponding battery cluster. An exemplary schematic diagram of a battery energy storage system including a third processor, multiple fourth processors, multiple fifth processors, and multiple battery clusters can be shown as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 In the battery energy storage system, there are combiner cabinets and m electrical control boxes. The first current is sampled by the first current sensor in the combiner cabinet. When a short circuit is detected, the short circuit circuit is disconnected by at least the first interrupter in the combiner cabinet by performing a disconnection operation.

[0083] like Figure 8 As shown, the third processor installed in the combiner cabinet, in addition to being coupled to the first circuit breaker, can also be coupled to the first current sensor to obtain the current parameters detected by the first current sensor. Figure 8 As shown, the battery energy storage system includes m fourth processors, namely fourth processor 1, ..., fourth processor m, and m electrical control boxes corresponding one-to-one with the m fourth processors. In addition to being coupled to the second current interrupter, the fourth processor can also be coupled to a second current sensor located in the same electrical control box, so as to receive the current parameters detected by the second current sensor. For example... Figure 8 As shown, each battery cluster includes n fifth processors, and each of the n module interrupters in each battery cluster is coupled to one of the n fifth processors in a one-to-one correspondence. Figure 8 Taking battery cluster 1 as an example, the module interrupter in battery module 1-1 is coupled to the fifth processor 1-1, and the module interrupter in battery module 1-n is coupled to the fifth processor 1-n. Figure 8 As shown, the third processor is individually connected to each of the fourth processors. This application does not limit the connection method between the fourth processor and each of the fifth processors within a corresponding battery cluster. For example, with... Figure 8 Taking the fourth processor 1 in the electrical control box 1 as an example, the fourth processor 1 can be individually connected to each of the fifth processors in the corresponding battery cluster 1, or n fifth processors in the battery cluster 1 can be connected in series and then connected to the fourth processor 1. For simplicity, Figure 8 Taking the second connection method as an example does not constitute a limitation of this application.

[0084] In some possible implementations, the third processor, m fourth processors, and n fifth processors in each battery cluster can be understood as the specific implementation of the control device; that is, the aforementioned control device includes the third processor, m fourth processors, and n fifth processors in each battery cluster. The third, fourth, and fifth processors can all be processing modules implemented through software and / or hardware. The third processor can also be called a combiner cabinet monitoring module, the fourth processor can also be called an electrical control box monitoring module, and the fifth processor can also be called a module monitoring module.

[0085] This application does not limit the location of the fifth processor. For example, the fifth processor can be located inside the battery module, or it can be located outside the battery module but within the battery cluster. Figure 8 As shown. The fifth processor being located inside the battery module means that a fifth processor is placed within the battery module containing the module interrupter coupled to this fifth processor. For example, it can be... Figure 8 The fifth processor 1-n is located inside the battery module 1-n.

[0086] In some possible implementations, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the first threshold, the control device sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker but does not send a drive signal to the second circuit breaker or the module circuit breaker. Specifically, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the first threshold, the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sends third communication information to multiple fourth processors, and the multiple fourth processors send fourth communication information to each fifth processor within their respective battery clusters. The third communication information is used to instruct the multiple fourth processors not to send drive signals to their respective second circuit breakers, and the fourth communication information is used to instruct each fifth processor not to send drive signals to its respective module circuit breaker.

[0087] As mentioned above, a first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and a preset threshold value of the first threshold value indicate a short circuit at the first location (the output port of the combiner cabinet). In this case, the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, causing the first circuit breaker to perform a disconnection operation, thus successfully breaking the short-circuit loop. Furthermore, the third processor explicitly sends third communication information to all fourth processors, preventing fourth processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding second circuit breakers, thereby preventing the second circuit breakers from mistakenly performing a disconnection operation. Additionally, each fourth processor explicitly sends fourth communication information to all fifth processors within its corresponding battery cluster, preventing fifth processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding module circuit breakers, thereby preventing the module circuit breakers from mistakenly performing a disconnection operation.

[0088] In some possible implementations, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold, the control device sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sends a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, and does not send a drive signal to the module circuit breaker. Specifically, a third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and multiple fourth processors send fourth communication information to each fifth processor in their respective battery clusters. The fourth communication information is used to instruct each fifth processor not to send a drive signal to its respective module circuit breaker.

[0089] As mentioned above, a first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and a preset threshold equal to the second threshold indicate a short circuit at the second location (output port of the electrical control box or DC bus). In this case, two short-circuit loops are formed in the battery energy storage system: the first short-circuit loop consists of m short-circuit loops formed by m battery clusters and their respective branches containing the electrical control box; the second short-circuit loop consists of a short-circuit loop formed by the combiner cabinet and the energy storage converter. The third processor sends a drive signal to the first interruptor, causing it to perform a disconnection operation, thus successfully disconnecting the second short-circuit loop. Furthermore, each fourth processor sends a drive signal to its corresponding second interruptor, causing all second interruptors to perform a disconnection operation, thus successfully disconnecting the first short-circuit loop. In addition, each fourth processor explicitly sends fourth communication information to all fifth processors within its corresponding battery cluster. This prevents fifth processors from mistakenly sending drive signals to their corresponding module interruptors, thereby preventing the module interruptors from mistakenly performing disconnection operations.

[0090] In some possible implementations, the third processor has the same structure as the first processor, both including a current detection unit, a judgment unit, a driving unit, and a communication unit. The difference lies in that the communication unit in the first processor is connected to the second processor, while the communication unit in the third processor is connected to the fourth processor, allowing the third processor to send third communication information to the fourth processor via the communication unit. For details regarding the third processor, please refer to the relevant description of the first processor; it will not be repeated here.

[0091] In some possible implementations, the first circuit breaker in the combiner cabinet is a full-voltage circuit breaker, the second circuit breaker in each electrical control box is a non-full-voltage circuit breaker, and the module circuit breaker in each battery module is a non-full-voltage circuit breaker. In this way, on the one hand, the first short-circuit circuit can be reliably interrupted by the first circuit breaker, which is a full-voltage circuit breaker. On the other hand, compared to setting all second circuit breakers and all module circuit breakers as full-voltage circuit breakers, the embodiments of this application setting the second circuit breakers and module circuit breakers as non-full-voltage circuit breakers can effectively reduce costs. For details regarding full-voltage circuit breakers, please refer to the preceding description; it will not be repeated here.

[0092] Optionally, both the first and second circuit breakers are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. In some possible implementations, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the first threshold, after the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sends third communication information to multiple fourth processors, the third processor may further perform the following steps: in response to a second time interval after the third processor sends the drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and the first current still satisfying the first short-circuit condition, the third processor sends fifth communication information to multiple fourth processors, the fifth communication information being used to instruct the multiple fourth processors to send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers.

[0093] If, after the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, a second time interval elapses and the first current still satisfies the first short-circuit condition, it indicates that the first circuit breaker has failed to disconnect the first short-circuit loop. In this case, the third processor sends a fifth communication message to all fourth processors, enabling each fourth processor to send a drive signal to its corresponding second circuit breaker, causing all second circuit breakers to perform a disconnection operation. Since all second circuit breakers are full-voltage circuit breakers, all second circuit breakers perform a disconnection operation to disconnect all parallel branches of the electrical control box, thus successfully disconnecting the first short-circuit loop. If the second circuit breaker is a non-full-voltage circuit breaker, even if it receives a drive signal, it may not be able to safely and successfully disconnect the short-circuit loop. This is because during a short circuit, the voltage across the second circuit breaker in the electrical control box exceeds its rated voltage. The second circuit breaker does not have the ability to withstand and disconnect the highest voltage of the entire battery energy storage system. If the second circuit breaker performs a disconnection operation, it may cause the second circuit breaker to explode. As can be seen, in this way, the backup protection mechanism can be quickly activated in the event that the first circuit breaker fails to disconnect or is slow to act, and the second circuit breaker can be used to disconnect the short circuit circuit, thereby effectively preventing the electrical components from being damaged by the continuous impact of the short circuit current.

[0094] In some possible implementations, both the second circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, with the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker being greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system.

[0095] In some possible implementations, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold, after the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, the fourth processors may further perform the following steps: in response to a third time interval after multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and the second current collected by at least one second current sensor still satisfying the second short-circuit condition, multiple fourth processors send sixth communication information to at least one fifth processor within their respective battery clusters. The sixth communication information is used to instruct at least one fifth processor within the battery cluster to send drive signals to their respective corresponding module circuit breakers. The second short-circuit condition includes the second current parameter being greater than the third threshold, where the third threshold characterizes the current threshold set for the electrical control box when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited.

[0096] In this scenario, if after a third time interval, multiple fourth processors send drive signals to their respective second circuit breakers, and the second current collected by at least one second current sensor still satisfies the second short-circuit condition, it indicates that the second circuit breaker failed to disconnect its branch, resulting in the failure to disconnect the second short-circuit loop. In this case, each fourth processor sends a sixth communication message to at least one fifth processor within its corresponding battery cluster, enabling at least one module circuit breaker in each battery cluster to perform a disconnection operation. Since all module circuit breakers are full-voltage circuit breakers, at least one module circuit breaker in each battery cluster performs a disconnection operation to disconnect all parallel branches containing electrical control boxes, thereby successfully disconnecting the second short-circuit loop. If the module circuit breaker is a non-full-voltage circuit breaker, even if it receives a drive signal, it may not be able to safely and successfully disconnect the short-circuit loop. This is because during a short circuit, the voltage across the module's interruptor exceeds its rated voltage. The module interruptor is not capable of withstanding and interrupting the highest voltage of the entire battery energy storage system. If the module interruptor were to attempt to disconnect, it could potentially explode. Therefore, this method allows for rapid activation of the backup protection mechanism in case the second interruptor fails to disconnect or is slow to act. It utilizes the module interruptor to disconnect the short-circuit loop, effectively preventing damage to electrical components from continuous short-circuit current surges.

[0097] In some possible implementations, taking a fourth processor as an example, the specific implementation of the fourth processor sending sixth communication information to at least one fifth processor within the corresponding battery cluster can be: the fourth processor simultaneously sends the sixth communication information to all fifth processors within the corresponding battery cluster, which facilitates faster disconnection of the short-circuit loop. Alternatively, the fourth processor sequentially sends the sixth communication information to multiple fifth processors within the corresponding battery cluster at different times. Figure 8Taking the fourth processor 1 as an example, the fourth processor 1 can send the sixth communication information to the fifth processor 1-1 at time t1, and to the fifth processor 1-2 at time t2, and so on, until the short-circuit loop is successfully broken. At this point, the fourth processor 1 stops sending the sixth communication information to the remaining fifth processors in battery cluster 1, or until the fourth processor 1 has sent the sixth communication information to all fifth processors in battery cluster 1. When multiple battery modules in a battery cluster are connected in series, only one module interruptor needs to perform the interruption operation to break the entire short-circuit loop. By gradually sending the sixth communication information to the fifth processors in the same battery cluster, it is possible to avoid too many module interruptors performing interruption operations, which would require replacement of all module interruptors performing interruption operations, leading to excessively high replacement costs.

[0098] In some possible implementations, where the active fuse breaks the circuit by exploding, the driving signal mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be an active driving signal, which can trigger the ignition device to explode.

[0099] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 As shown, the control device 90 includes a current sampling unit 901, a processing unit 902, and a communication unit 903. The control device 90 can execute the relevant steps of the control device within the battery energy storage system in the aforementioned method embodiments. The battery energy storage system includes battery clusters and a power control device connected to the battery clusters; the battery clusters include multiple battery modules connected in series, each battery module including a module interrupter and a cell module; the power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor; both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses, which are used to perform a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit where the active fuse is located.

[0100] A current sampling unit is used to sample the current through a first current sensor and define the current as a first current. The processing unit is configured to, in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, call the communication unit to send a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and not send a drive signal to the module circuit breaker, so that the first circuit breaker performs a disconnection operation and the module circuit breaker does not perform a disconnection operation; wherein, the first short-circuit condition includes the current parameter of the first current being greater than a preset threshold.

[0101] Specifically, in this case, the operations performed by the current sampling unit, processing unit, and communication unit can be referred to the description of the control device in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0102] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another control device 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be used to implement the functions of the control device in the above method embodiments. The control device 100 can be a PCB. The control device 100 may include multiple processors 1001. Optionally, the control device 100 may also include at least one memory 1002. The multiple processors 1001 and at least one memory 1002 can be connected via a bus 1003 or other means. The bus is in... Figure 10 The connections between other components are shown in bold lines only and are not intended to be limiting. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 10 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0103] The coupling in this application embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, used for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the aforementioned plurality of processors 1001 and at least one memory 1002.

[0104] At least one memory 1002 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provide instructions and data to a plurality of processors 1001. A portion of at least one memory 1002 may also include non-volatile random access memory.

[0105] The multiple processors 1001 can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or they can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor; optionally, the multiple processors 1001 can also be any conventional processor.

[0106] In one example, when components or devices in a battery energy storage system employ... Figure 10 When in the form shown, Figure 10 The multiple processors 1001 in the process can execute the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0107] In one alternative implementation, at least one memory 1002 is used to store computer programs or instructions; a plurality of processors 1001 are used to invoke the computer programs or instructions stored in at least one memory 1002 to perform the steps in the method embodiment.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, the methods provided in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by running a computer program (including program code) capable of performing the steps involved in the above-described methods on a general-purpose computing device, such as a computer, which includes processing elements and storage elements such as a CPU, random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM). The computer program can be recorded on, for example, a computer-readable recording medium, loaded into the device through the computer-readable recording medium, and run therein.

[0109] Based on the same inventive concept, the principle and beneficial effects of the control device 100 provided in the embodiments of this application in solving the problem are similar to the principle and beneficial effects of the control device in solving the problem in the method embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, the principle and beneficial effects of the method implementation can be referred to.

[0110] This application also provides a battery energy storage system, which includes multiple processors, battery clusters, and a power control device connected to the battery clusters. The battery clusters include multiple battery modules connected in series. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. Both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse performs a disconnection operation upon receiving a drive signal to cut off the circuit where the active fuse is located. The multiple processors are used to run computer programs or instructions to execute the steps in the method embodiments. Further details regarding the battery energy storage system can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 The relevant description is as follows. The principle and beneficial effects of the battery energy storage system in solving the problem are similar to those of the method embodiment in this application. Please refer to the principle and beneficial effects of the method implementation. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0111] This application also provides an electrical device that includes the battery energy storage system.

[0112] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or computer instructions adapted for loading by a processor and executing the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0113] This application also provides a computer program product containing a computer program or instructions, which, when run on a control device, causes the control device to execute the method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0114] Regarding the modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments, they can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for various devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits; for various devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, and different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The implementation is achieved through a software program that runs on a processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into the control device, each of its modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within the control device. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented through a software program that runs on a processor integrated within the control device, while the remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0115] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0116] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis, and any multiple embodiments can be used in combination. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0117] The steps in the method of this application embodiment can be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual needs.

[0118] The modules in the device of this application embodiment can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by program instructions and related hardware. The program instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: flash drive, ROM, RAM, disk or optical disk, etc.

[0120] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one example of this application and only a part of the embodiments of this application. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A short-circuit protection method for a battery energy storage system, characterized in that, The short-circuit protection method for the battery energy storage system is applied to the battery energy storage system, which includes a battery cluster and a power control device connected to the battery cluster. The battery cluster includes multiple battery modules connected in series. Each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module. The power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor. Both the first interrupter and the module interrupter are active fuses. The active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation when a drive signal is received to cut off the circuit in which the active fuse is located. The short-circuit protection method of the battery energy storage system includes: The current is sampled by the first current sensor and defined as the first current. In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, a drive signal is sent to the first circuit breaker, and no drive signal is sent to the module circuit breaker, so that the first circuit breaker performs a disconnection operation and the module circuit breaker does not perform a disconnection operation. The first short-circuit condition includes the current parameter of the first current being greater than a preset threshold.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of battery clusters is one, the power control device is an electrical control box, and the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor are both disposed in the electrical control box; the battery energy storage system further includes: A first processor is disposed in the electrical control box, and the first processor is coupled to the first circuit breaker; Multiple second processors, one second processor being coupled to a corresponding module circuit breaker, and the first processor being communicatively connected to the multiple second processors; Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and not sending a drive signal to the module circuit breaker includes: The first processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sends first communication information to the plurality of second processors. The first communication information is used to instruct the plurality of second processors not to send drive signals to their respective module circuit breakers.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. The method further includes: In response to a first time elapsed after the first processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and the first current still satisfies the first short-circuit condition, the first processor sends second communication information to at least one of the plurality of second processors. The second communication information is used to instruct the at least one second processor to send a drive signal to its respective corresponding module circuit breaker.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of battery clusters is multiple, and the multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel. The power control device is a combiner cabinet, and the first circuit breaker and the first current sensor are both installed in the combiner cabinet. The battery energy storage system also includes multiple electrical control boxes, with one electrical control box corresponding to one battery cluster. Each electrical control box includes a second circuit breaker and a second current sensor. The multiple electrical control boxes are coupled to the DC busbar in the combiner cabinet. The method further includes: In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being a first threshold, no drive signal is sent to the second circuit breaker, so that the second circuit breaker does not perform a disconnection operation; wherein the first threshold characterizes the current threshold when the output port of the combiner cabinet is short-circuited; or, In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold, a drive signal is sent to the second circuit breaker so that both of the second circuit breakers perform a disconnection operation; wherein the second threshold characterizes the current threshold when the output port of the DC bus or the electrical control box is short-circuited; Wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The current is sampled by the second current sensor, and this current is defined as the second current. The step of sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker in response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition and the preset threshold being the second threshold includes: In response to the first current satisfying the first short-circuit condition, the preset threshold being the second threshold, and the second current on at least one of the second current sensors satisfying the second short-circuit condition, a drive signal is sent to a plurality of the second current interrupters; The second short-circuit condition includes the current parameter of the second current being greater than the third threshold, where the third threshold represents the current threshold when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The battery energy storage system also includes: A third processor is disposed in the combiner cabinet, and the third processor is coupled to the first circuit breaker; Multiple fourth processors, one of which is disposed in one of the electrical control boxes, and one of the fourth processors is coupled to a second circuit breaker; Multiple fifth processors, one of the fifth processors being coupled to one of the module interrupters; wherein, the third processor is communicatively connected to the multiple fourth processors, and one of the fourth processors is communicatively connected to the multiple fifth processors within a corresponding battery cluster; Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, but not sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, and not sending a drive signal to the module circuit breaker, includes: The third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sends third communication information to the plurality of fourth processors, and the plurality of fourth processors send fourth communication information to each fifth processor in their respective battery clusters. Sending a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, sending a drive signal to the second circuit breaker, and not sending a drive signal to the module circuit breaker includes: The third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, the plurality of fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and the plurality of fourth processors send the fourth communication information to each fifth processor in their respective battery clusters. The third communication information is used to instruct the plurality of fourth processors not to send drive signals to their respective second circuit breakers, and the fourth communication information is used to instruct the fifth processors not to send drive signals to their respective module circuit breakers.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The current parameters include current amplitude and / or current rise rate.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Both the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the maximum voltage of the battery energy storage system. After the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker and sends third communication information to the plurality of fourth processors, the method further includes: In response to a second time elapsed after the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and the first current still satisfies the first short-circuit condition, the third processor sends a fifth communication message to the plurality of fourth processors, the fifth communication message being used to instruct the plurality of fourth processors to send a drive signal to their respective corresponding second circuit breaker.

9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Both the second circuit breaker and the module circuit breaker are full-voltage circuit breakers, and the rated voltage of the full-voltage circuit breaker is greater than or equal to the highest voltage of the battery energy storage system. After the third processor sends a drive signal to the first circuit breaker, and the plurality of fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, the method further includes: In response to a third time elapsed after the plurality of fourth processors send drive signals to their respective corresponding second circuit breakers, and the second current collected by at least one second current sensor still satisfies the second short-circuit condition, the plurality of fourth processors send a sixth communication message to at least one fifth processor within their respective battery clusters. The sixth communication message is used to instruct at least one fifth processor within the battery cluster to send drive signals to their respective corresponding module circuit breakers. The second short-circuit condition includes the second current parameter being greater than a third threshold, and the third threshold characterizes the current threshold when the output port of the electrical control box is short-circuited.

10. A battery energy storage system, characterized in that, The battery energy storage system includes multiple processors, battery clusters, and a power control device connected to the battery clusters; wherein the battery clusters include multiple battery modules connected in series, each battery module includes a module interrupter and a cell module, and the power control device includes a first interrupter and a first current sensor, wherein the first interrupter and the module interrupter are both active fuses, and the active fuse is used to perform a disconnection operation when a drive signal is received to cut off the circuit in which the active fuse is located; The plurality of processors are configured to run computer programs or instructions to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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