Intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker

Abstract

The application discloses a smart power grid fault current circuit breaker, and relates to the technical field of a smart circuit breaker for fault cutting. The current monitoring module is disassembled into a fault signal acquisition module, a fault type identification module, a control instruction output module and a state feedback monitoring module, can accurately acquire and analyze current signals, and can distinguish power supply faults from abnormal electrical appliances. When a sudden fault occurs on the power supply side, the passive power-off mechanism quickly cuts off the circuit; when the electrical appliance is abnormal, the active power-off mechanism actively executes power-off. The battery power supply assembly provides independent emergency power supply to ensure the stable operation of each module. The fault type identification module adds a precursor trend prediction and multi-source data cross-validation function, and the signal calibration assembly has temperature compensation capability, which improves the fault identification accuracy and environmental adaptability, and comprehensively guarantees the safety of the power grid and electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent circuit breaker for fault interruption, and more particularly to an intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of smart grids and the diversification and upgrading of power loads, the types of faults in the power grid system are becoming increasingly complex, with frequent occurrences of problems such as short circuits, overloads, and voltage drift. This places higher demands on the reliability and adaptability of circuit fault disconnection equipment. As a core component of power grid safety protection, the timeliness and accuracy of circuit breaker response directly affect the stable operation of the power grid and the safety of electrical equipment, making it a key link in ensuring reliable power supply to the power system.

[0003] Current mainstream circuit breakers have significant technical shortcomings: traditional thermal-magnetic circuit breakers rely on a single passive tripping mechanism, which can only cope with severe power supply faults and is slow to respond to gradual faults; while electronically tripped intelligent circuit breakers have active monitoring functions, they are limited by a single control logic and are prone to failure in extreme situations such as power outages, creating safety blind spots. At the same time, factors such as harmonic interference and temperature drift in complex power grid environments further lead to a decrease in fault monitoring accuracy and an increase in the false alarm rate. Existing equipment is unable to meet the requirements for bidirectional fault protection between the power supply and the appliance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an intelligent circuit breaker that combines bidirectional power outage capability, high-precision monitoring, and strong environmental adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a smart grid fault current circuit breaker.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a smart grid fault current circuit breaker, comprising a main body and multiple arc absorbers installed inside the main body, wherein an upper conductive block is installed inside the main body, and a lower conductive block is provided directly below the upper conductive block, the lower conductive block being slidably connected to the inner wall of the main body; a passive power-off mechanism for activation in the event of a power failure is installed between the upper conductive block and the lower conductive block, and an active power-off mechanism for activation in the event of an abnormality in electrical equipment is installed at the lower end of the lower conductive block; A current monitoring module is connected between the upper conductive block and the upper terminal of the main body via a wire. The current monitoring module integrates the power grid current fault cutoff function and is disassembled into a fault signal acquisition module, a fault type identification module, a control command output module, and a status feedback monitoring module. The fault signal acquisition module is used to acquire current signals from the power grid and electrical appliances; the fault type identification module is used to analyze the acquired signals and distinguish between power supply faults and electrical appliance malfunctions; the control command output module is used to output control commands to the passive power-off mechanism or the active power-off mechanism according to the fault type; the status feedback monitoring module is used to monitor the on / off status of the circuit breaker and the operating status of each mechanism in real time. The lower conductive block is connected to the lower terminal of the main body via a wire, and a battery power supply component for supplying power to the current monitoring module and the active power-off mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the main body.

[0006] Preferably, the fault signal acquisition module includes a current sensing unit, a harmonic suppression component, and a signal conditioning unit; the current sensing unit is connected in series on the wire between the upper conductive block and the upper terminal of the main body, and is used to sense current signals. The harmonic suppression component includes a passive filter unit and an active filter unit. The passive filter unit adopts an LC filter network and is connected in series with the signal output terminal of the current sensing unit to suppress fixed frequency harmonics. The active filter unit is connected in series with the passive filter unit and dynamically cancels broadband harmonic interference through a harmonic detection and compensation algorithm. The signal conditioning unit is used to amplify, shape, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the filtered current signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal for transmission to the fault type identification module.

[0007] Preferably, the fault type identification module includes a data processing unit and a signal calibration component; the data processing unit has a built-in fault feature database that stores current characteristic parameters of various faults. The signal calibration component includes a reference signal generation unit and an error correction unit. The reference signal generation unit generates a high-precision standard current signal, and the error correction unit compares the filtered actual current signal with the reference signal, calculates the error compensation value, and calibrates the actual signal. The data processing unit matches the calibrated current signal with the fault feature database, determines the fault type and severity through threshold judgment and trend analysis, and transmits the judgment result to the control command output module.

[0008] Preferably, the control command output module includes an command encoding unit and a drive unit; the command encoding unit generates and encodes corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the fault type identification module. The drive unit establishes electrical connections with the battery power supply component, the passive power-off mechanism, and the active power-off mechanism respectively, and is used to decode control commands and drive the corresponding mechanisms to act. When a sudden power supply failure is detected, the drive unit triggers the passive power-off mechanism to act. When an abnormality is detected in the electrical equipment, the drive unit triggers the active power-off mechanism to act.

[0009] Preferably, the status feedback monitoring module includes a position sensing unit and a status diagnosis unit; the position sensing unit is installed on the inner wall of the main body and is used to monitor the relative position of the upper conductive block and the lower conductive block to determine the circuit on / off state. The status diagnostic unit establishes signal connections with the passive power-off mechanism, the active power-off mechanism, and the battery power supply component, respectively, to monitor the operating parameters of each mechanism and the battery charge status, and feeds the monitoring data back to the fault type identification module, forming a closed-loop control. Preferably, the passive power-off mechanism includes a guide ring installed on the inner wall of the main body, a first insulating support plate, a first upper electromagnet, a first lower electromagnet, a first compression spring, and a first conductive magnetic ring. The guide ring is located around the first upper electromagnet, and the first insulating support plate is located directly below the guide ring; the first upper electromagnet is disposed at the lower end of the upper conductive block, and the first lower electromagnet is installed on the top surface of the first insulating support plate, and the two are coaxially corresponding. A guide rod is fixed at the center of the bottom surface of the first upper electromagnet, and the lower end of the guide rod is inserted into the center of the first lower electromagnet. The first compression spring is installed between the surfaces of the first upper electromagnet and the first lower electromagnet. The first conductive ring is connected between the upper conductive block and the lower conductive block and is located outside the first compression spring.

[0010] Preferably, the active power-off mechanism includes a second insulating support plate, a buffer telescopic rod, a second upper electromagnet, a second lower electromagnet, a second conductive ring, and an electric push rod installed on the inner wall of the main body; The buffer telescopic rod is installed at the center of the top surface of the second insulating support plate, and has a buffer spring inside, with its top end abutting against the bottom surface of the lower conductive block; the second upper electromagnet and the second lower electromagnet are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the lower conductive block and the top surface of the second insulating support plate, and the two are coaxially corresponding. The second conductive ring is sleeved on the outside of the second upper electromagnet. A rubber roller is hinged to one side of the lower conductive block through an insulating bracket. An insulating guide plate is connected to the output end of the electric push rod through an insulating plate. A second compression spring is installed between the insulating plate and the insulating guide plate. A rubber guide block adapted to the rubber roller is fixed to the front end of the insulating guide plate.

[0011] Preferably, the battery power supply assembly includes a first battery and a second battery; the positive and negative terminals of the first battery are connected to the two ends of the second conductive magnetic ring, which is used to supply power to the electromagnetic components of the active power-off mechanism. The second battery establishes a power supply connection with the current monitoring module and the electric actuator to provide them with short-term emergency power; both the first and second batteries are equipped with an automatic charging unit to replenish the power through the grid when the circuit breaker is working normally.

[0012] Preferably, the signal calibration component also has a built-in temperature compensation unit for monitoring the operating ambient temperature of the current monitoring module and dynamically adjusting the reference signal according to temperature changes to compensate for measurement errors caused by temperature drift.

[0013] Preferably, the fault type identification module further includes a fault precursor trend prediction unit and a multi-source data cross-validation unit; The fault precursor trend prediction unit is signal-connected to the data processing unit and is used to extract derived features of the current signal, including slope change rate, fluctuation frequency, and peak interval; a latent fault development model is established through time series analysis to identify the evolution trend of progressive faults in advance and output early warning signals. The multi-source data cross-verification unit includes a voltage auxiliary monitoring unit and a mechanism status acquisition unit. The voltage auxiliary monitoring unit is connected in series on the wire between the upper conductive block and the upper end connection port of the main body, and is used to acquire the grid-side voltage signal. The mechanism status acquisition unit is signal-connected to the status feedback monitoring module and is used to acquire the electromagnet action response time of the passive power-off mechanism, the electric push rod extension rate of the active power-off mechanism, and the elastic recovery parameters of the buffer extension rod. The multi-source data cross-validation unit performs three-dimensional correlation analysis on voltage signals, mechanism operating status data, and calibrated current characteristic data, and eliminates misjudgments caused by interference from a single signal through data consistency verification.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This solution uses a combination of passive and active power-off mechanisms to quickly cut off the circuit when a sudden fault occurs on the power supply side, thanks to the magnetic force of the electromagnetic ring and electromagnet. When electrical appliances malfunction, the current monitoring module accurately identifies and triggers active power-off, effectively making up for the shortcomings of traditional passive circuit breakers in response lag and active circuit breakers in extreme cases, and comprehensively covering different types of fault scenarios.

[0015] 2. The fault signal acquisition module uses a two-stage harmonic suppression component to cancel out power grid harmonic interference, and the signal calibration component, combined with error correction and temperature compensation functions, eliminates the influence of measurement system errors and ambient temperature drift. Meanwhile, the fault type identification module adds precursor trend prediction and multi-source data cross-validation functions to identify latent faults in advance and eliminate interference through multi-dimensional data verification, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of fault identification.

[0016] 3. The battery power supply assembly is equipped with dual batteries and an automatic charging unit, providing independent emergency power to each module to prevent mechanical failure due to external power supply anomalies. Both passive and active power-off mechanisms employ guiding structures and buffer components to ensure smooth and precise operation and reduce mechanical wear. The design of the temperature compensation unit and harmonic suppression components enables the device to adapt to different temperature environments and complex power grid conditions, broadening its application scenarios.

[0017] In summary, this invention, through the synergistic innovation of a bidirectional power-off mechanism, a high-precision monitoring system, and a stable power supply design, not only solves the core problems of traditional circuit breakers, such as incomplete fault protection, low monitoring accuracy, and poor environmental adaptability, but also achieves early warning, accurate identification, and reliable disconnection of faults. This significantly improves the operational reliability, fault handling efficiency, and environmental adaptability of circuit breakers, providing comprehensive and powerful technical support for the safe and stable operation of smart grids and the protection of electrical equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current monitoring module structure proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the active power-off mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the active power-off mechanism structure proposed in this invention; Figure 7 The present invention proposes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at part A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a block diagram showing the overall system module connection relationship proposed in this invention; Figure 9This is a block diagram illustrating the internal working principle of the current monitoring module proposed in this invention. Figure 10 This is a block diagram of the fault protection logic proposed in this invention; Figure 11 This is a connection block diagram of the power supply system proposed in this invention.

[0019] The components in the diagram are numbered as follows: 1. Main body; 2. Upper conductive block; 3. Lower conductive block; 4. Current monitoring module; 5. First upper electromagnet; 6. First insulating support plate; 7. First lower electromagnet; 8. First compression spring; 9. First conductive ring; 10. Second insulating support plate; 11. Buffer telescopic rod; 12. Second upper electromagnet; 13. Second lower electromagnet; 14. First battery; 15. Second conductive ring; 16. Electric push rod; 17. Insulating plate; 18. Insulating guide plate; 19. Second compression spring; 20. Rubber guide block; 21. Rubber roller; 22. Second battery. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 11 The present invention discloses a smart grid fault current circuit breaker, comprising a main body 1 and a plurality of arc absorbers installed inside the main body 1. An upper conductive block 2 is installed inside the main body 1, and a lower conductive block 3 is provided directly below the upper conductive block 2. The lower conductive block 3 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main body 1. A passive power-off mechanism for action in the event of a power failure is installed between the upper conductive block 2 and the lower conductive block 3. An active power-off mechanism for action in the event of an abnormality in electrical appliances is installed at the lower end of the lower conductive block 3. A current monitoring module 4 is connected between the upper conductive block 2 and the upper terminal of the main body 1 via a wire. The current monitoring module 4 integrates the grid current fault cutoff function and is disassembled into a fault signal acquisition module, a fault type identification module, a control command output module, and a status feedback monitoring module. The fault signal acquisition module is used to acquire current signals from the power grid and electrical appliances; the fault type identification module is used to analyze the acquired signals and distinguish between power supply faults and electrical appliance abnormalities; the control command output module is used to output control commands to the passive power-off mechanism or the active power-off mechanism according to the fault type; the status feedback monitoring module is used to monitor the on / off status of the circuit breaker and the operating status of each mechanism in real time. The lower conductive block 3 is connected to the lower terminal of the main body 1 via a wire. The inner wall of the main body 1 is equipped with a battery power supply component for powering the current monitoring module 4 and the active power-off mechanism.

[0022] Specifically, the fault signal acquisition module includes a current sensing unit, a harmonic suppression component, and a signal conditioning unit; the current sensing unit uses a Rogowski coil sensor, which is connected in series on the wire between the upper conductive block 2 and the upper terminal of the main body 1, with a sensing frequency range of 50Hz-1MHz, and the output analog voltage signal has a linear relationship with the measured current. The harmonic suppression component includes a passive filter unit and an active filter unit. The passive filter unit uses an LC filter network, which is connected in series with the signal output terminal of the current sensing unit. Its resonant frequency is calculated using the following formula: ,in The resonant frequency is L (value 150Hz-350Hz), the filter inductance is C (value 1mH-10mH), and the filter capacitor is C (value 1μF-10μF), used to suppress the 3rd to 7th fixed frequency harmonics; The active filter unit is connected in series with the passive filter unit, and the instantaneous reactive power pq algorithm is used to detect harmonics. The core formula is: ,in, For voltage α-β coordinate system components, The current is represented by the α-β coordinate system component. By separating the fundamental and harmonic components, a reverse compensation current is generated to dynamically cancel broadband harmonic interference. The signal conditioning unit includes an instrumentation amplifier, a low-pass filter, and a 16-bit ADC chip. It amplifies, shapes, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the filtered current signal, and the sampling frequency meets the requirements. ( The sampling frequency ranges from 2MHz to 10MHz. (The highest frequency of the signal, with a value of 1MHz), converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the fault type identification module.

[0023] Specifically, the fault type identification module includes a data processing unit and a signal calibration component; the data processing unit has a built-in 32-bit ARM microprocessor and a fault feature database, which pre-stores the current characteristic parameters of eight types of faults, including short circuit, overload, voltage abnormality on the power supply side, and short circuit and latent overload of electrical appliances. The signal calibration component includes a reference signal generation unit and an error correction unit. The reference signal generation unit outputs a standard current signal with an accuracy of ±0.001A, and the error correction unit adopts a linear correction model. ,in For the calibrated current, For measuring current, k is the proportional coefficient (value range 0.95-1.05), and b is the offset coefficient (value range -0.01A-0.01A). The coefficients are obtained through calibration with a reference signal to correct measurement errors. The signal calibration component also has a built-in temperature compensation unit, which uses a quadratic function compensation model. ,in This is the reference current at temperature T. The reference current is 25℃, T is the operating temperature (range -40℃ to 85℃), and a is the primary temperature coefficient (range). b is the second temperature coefficient (values...) ), to compensate for the effects of temperature drift; The data processing unit determines the fault type through threshold judgment and trend analysis. The threshold judgment formula is: short circuit fault ( This is the peak current. (Short-circuit threshold, taken as 5-10 times the rated current), overload fault. and ( For valid values, The overload threshold is set to 1.1-1.5 times the rated current, and t is the time it takes for the load to exceed the threshold. To maintain the hold time, the value ranges from 0.1s to 5s. Trend analysis formula is ( The rate of change of current, , Calibrate the current for adjacent sampling points. (Sampling period), distinguishing sudden faults by the rate of change ( ) and progressive failure ( The judgment result is then transmitted to the control command output module.

[0024] Specifically, the control command output module includes an instruction encoding unit and a drive unit; the instruction encoding unit uses the CRC-16-CCITT standard to encode the control commands, and the generator polynomial is... The verification formula is ,in The instruction data polynomial includes a 4-bit fault type code, a 4-bit action instruction code, and an 8-bit checksum. A 16-bit checksum is used to ensure the integrity of command transmission. The drive unit establishes electrical connections with the battery power supply components, the passive power-off mechanism, and the active power-off mechanism, including a power amplifier circuit, a relay array, and a drive logic circuit. For the electric actuator 16, which uses PWM drive, the duty cycle formula is as follows: (D is the duty cycle, ranging from 0% to 100%;) This is the output voltage, ranging from 12V to 24V. (Input voltage, value 24V), adjust the extension / retraction speed of the electric actuator (5mm / s-20mm / s); After the drive unit decodes the control command, when a sudden fault is detected on the power supply side, it outputs a 24V drive voltage to trigger the electromagnet of the passive power-off mechanism; when an abnormality is detected in the electrical equipment, it outputs a corresponding drive signal to trigger the active power-off mechanism.

[0025] Specifically, the status feedback monitoring module includes a position sensing unit and a status diagnostic unit; the position sensing unit uses a Hall effect position sensor, installed on the inner wall of the main body 1 corresponding to the positions of the upper conductive block 2 and the lower conductive block 3, and the output voltage has a linear relationship with the relative position. The formula for calculating the relative position is: , where d is the relative distance and kv is the voltage-displacement coefficient (values ​​range from 1mm / V to 5mm / V). The Hall output voltage. This is the initial offset, used to determine the on / off state of the circuit; The status diagnostic unit integrates a multi-channel data acquisition interface to collect in real time the current of the electromagnet coil of the passive power-off mechanism (acquisition range 0A-5A, accuracy ±0.01A), the working current of the electric push rod 16 of the active power-off mechanism (acquisition range 0A-2A, accuracy ±0.01A), the displacement of the buffer telescopic rod 11 (acquisition range 0mm-20mm, accuracy ±0.1mm), and the battery power (acquisition range 0V-24V, accuracy ±0.01V). The status diagnostic unit feeds back the monitoring data to the fault type identification module through the SPI interface to form a closed-loop control. When the monitored parameters exceed the preset threshold (such as the abnormal threshold of electromagnet current ±10% of the rated value, the abnormal threshold of electric actuator current ±20% of the rated value, and the undervoltage threshold of battery 18V), an abnormal alarm signal is output and the corresponding protection action is triggered.

[0026] Specifically, the passive power-off mechanism includes a guide ring, a first insulating support plate 6, a first upper electromagnet 5, a first lower electromagnet 7, a first compression spring 8, and a first conductive magnetic ring 9 installed on the inner wall of the main body 1. The guide ring is located around the first upper electromagnet 5, and the first insulating support plate 6 is located directly below the guide ring; the first upper electromagnet 5 is set at the lower end of the upper conductive block 2, and the first lower electromagnet 7 is installed on the top surface of the first insulating support plate 6, and the two are coaxial and corresponding. A guide rod is fixed at the center of the bottom surface of the first upper electromagnet 5, and the lower end of the guide rod is inserted into the center of the first lower electromagnet 7. The first compression spring 8 is installed between the surfaces of the first upper electromagnet 5 and the first lower electromagnet 7. The first conductive ring 9 is connected between the upper conductive block 2 and the lower conductive block 3 and is located outside the first compression spring 8.

[0027] Specifically, the active power-off mechanism includes a second insulating support plate 10, a buffer telescopic rod 11, a second upper electromagnet 12, a second lower electromagnet 13, a second conductive magnetic ring 15, and an electric push rod 16 installed on the inner wall of the main body 1. The buffer telescopic rod 11 is installed at the center of the top surface of the second insulating support plate 10, and is equipped with a buffer spring inside. Its top end abuts against the bottom surface of the lower conductive block 3. The second upper electromagnet 12 and the second lower electromagnet 13 are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the lower conductive block 3 and the top surface of the second insulating support plate 10, and the two are coaxial and corresponding. The second conductive ring 15 is sleeved on the outside of the second upper electromagnet 12. A rubber roller 21 is hinged to one side of the lower conductive block 3 through an insulating bracket. The output end of the electric push rod 16 is connected to an insulating guide plate 18 through an insulating plate 17. A second compression spring 19 is installed between the insulating plate 17 and the insulating guide plate 18. A rubber guide block 20 adapted to the rubber roller 21 is fixed to the front end of the insulating guide plate 18.

[0028] Specifically, the battery power supply assembly includes a first battery 14 and a second battery 22; the positive and negative terminals of the first battery 14 are connected to the two ends of the second conductive ring 15, which is used to supply power to the electromagnetic components of the active power-off mechanism. The second battery 22 establishes a power supply connection with the current monitoring module 4 and the electric push rod 16 respectively, and is used to provide them with short-term emergency power supply; both the first battery 14 and the second battery 22 are equipped with an automatic charging unit, which is used to replenish the power through the grid power when the circuit breaker is working normally.

[0029] Specifically, the temperature compensation unit built into the signal calibration component includes a temperature sensing unit, a compensation calculation unit, and a reference signal adjustment unit. The temperature sensing unit uses a digital temperature sensor, which is installed on the PCB board of the current monitoring module 4 near the signal calibration component. The temperature measurement range is -40℃ to 85℃, and the temperature measurement accuracy is ±0.5℃. It collects the ambient temperature in real time through the I2C interface and transmits it to the compensation calculation unit. The compensation calculation unit has a built-in temperature-permeability mapping database, which pre-stores the permeability variation curves of core electromagnetic components such as the first conductive magnetic ring (9) and electromagnets at different temperatures. It uses a piecewise compensation algorithm to calculate the adjustment amount of the reference signal. The core formula is: when hour, ; when hour, ; in The adjustment amount is the reference signal. The actual ambient temperature is T0, the standard calibration temperature is T0 (e.g., 25℃), and k1 is the first-order compensation coefficient for the low-temperature range (value to be specified). k2 is the secondary compensation coefficient for the low-temperature range (values ​​range from 0 to 1). k3 is the compensation coefficient for the normal temperature range (values ​​range from 0 to 1). ); The reference signal adjustment unit is electrically connected to the reference signal generation unit. It dynamically adjusts the amplitude of the standard current signal according to the Δi value output by the compensation calculation unit. The adjusted reference signal is ir'=ir0+Δi (ir' is the adjusted reference signal, and ir0 is the standard reference signal at 25℃). The temperature compensation unit has a compensation response time of ≤100ms. By dynamically adjusting the reference signal, it compensates for the measurement error caused by temperature drift, so that the measurement accuracy of the current monitoring module 4 is kept within the set allowable variation range throughout the entire operating temperature range, and ensures that the fault type identification module can still accurately determine the fault type under extreme temperature conditions.

[0030] Specifically, the fault type identification module also includes a fault precursor trend prediction unit and a multi-source data cross-validation unit; The fault precursor trend prediction unit is signal-connected to the data processing unit to extract derived features of the current signal, including slope change rate, fluctuation frequency, and peak interval; a time series analysis model is employed. ( Here, t is the feature parameter, and t is the time series. A latent fault development model is established (using fitting coefficients) to identify the evolution trend of progressive faults in advance and output early warning signals, with an early warning lead time of ≥0.5 seconds;

[0031] The multi-source data cross-validation unit includes a voltage auxiliary monitoring unit and a mechanism status acquisition unit. The voltage auxiliary monitoring unit uses a voltage transformer connected in series with the wire between the upper conductive block 2 and the upper terminal of the main body 1 to acquire the grid-side voltage signal. The measurement range is required to be 0V-1000V, with an accuracy of ±0.5%.

[0032] The mechanism status acquisition unit is connected to the status feedback monitoring module to acquire the electromagnet action response time of the passive power-off mechanism (acquisition range 0ms-100ms, accuracy ±1ms), the extension rate of the electric push rod 16 of the active power-off mechanism (acquisition range 5mm / s-20mm / s, accuracy ±0.1mm / s), and the elastic recovery parameters of the buffer extension rod 11 (elastic coefficient acquisition range 10N / mm-50N / mm, accuracy ±0.5N / mm). The multi-source data cross-validation unit employs a three-dimensional correlation analysis algorithm. ,in, , , These represent the confidence levels for current characteristics, voltage characteristics, and mechanism state, respectively. These represent the weighting coefficients corresponding to the confidence levels of current characteristics, voltage characteristics, and mechanism state, respectively. By eliminating misjudgments caused by interference from a single signal through data consistency verification, a confidence level ≥ 0.8 is determined to be a valid fault, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault type identification and ensuring accurate identification.

[0033] The intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker proposed in this invention achieves comprehensive protection against power supply faults and electrical appliance malfunctions through the synergistic action of a current monitoring module and a bidirectional power-off mechanism. The specific workflow is as follows: Current flows in from the upper terminal of the main body 1, passes through the current monitoring module 4, the upper conductive block 2, the first conductive ring 9, and the lower conductive block 3 in sequence via the wire, and finally flows out from the lower terminal of the main body 1, forming a complete circuit loop.

[0034] When a sudden fault such as a short circuit occurs on the power supply side, the current increases instantaneously. The strong current generates a strong magnetic field through the first conductive ring 9. This magnetic field acts on the first upper electromagnet 5 and the first lower electromagnet 7, causing the attraction between them to exceed the tension of the first compression spring 8. The first upper electromagnet 5 drives the guide rod at the center of its bottom surface to move downwards along the center hole of the first lower electromagnet 7, striking the lower conductive block 3 and forcing it to separate from the first conductive ring 9, quickly cutting off the circuit. After the fault is cleared, the elastic restoring force of the first compression spring 8 causes the first upper electromagnet 5 to reset, preparing it for the next operation.

[0035] When electrical appliances experience overload, short circuit, or other abnormalities, the current monitoring module 4 collects and analyzes current signals in real time, identifies the fault type, and sends a control command. The command triggers the first battery 14 to supply power to the second conductive electromagnetic ring 15. The magnetic field generated by the second conductive electromagnetic ring 15 causes the second upper electromagnet 12 and the second lower electromagnet 13 to attract each other. When the attraction exceeds the elastic force of the buffer spring inside the buffer telescopic rod 11, the lower conductive block 3 moves downward and separates from the first conductive electromagnetic ring 9, thus achieving active power cut-off.

[0036] During the downward movement of the lower conductive block 3, the rubber roller 21 on one side of its insulating support contacts and presses against the inclined section at the top of the rubber guide block 20, causing the insulating guide plate 18 to move towards the rear end, while simultaneously compressing the second compression spring 19. When the height of the rubber roller 21 is lower than that of the rubber guide block 20, the second compression spring 19 elastically resets, and the rubber guide block 20 limits the rubber roller 21, preventing the lower conductive block 3 from rising erroneously and ensuring stability in the power-off state.

[0037] The status feedback monitoring module monitors the relative positions of the upper conductive block 2 and the lower conductive block 3, the operating parameters of each mechanism, and the battery power in real time, and feeds the monitoring data back to the fault type identification module to form a closed-loop control. When the fault is cleared, the second battery 22 supplies power to the electric push rod 16. The electric push rod 16 retracts, causing the insulating plate 17 and the rubber guide block 20 to move backward, releasing the limit on the rubber roller 21. The elastic restoring force of the buffer telescopic rod 11 causes the lower conductive block 3 to reset upward and re-contact with the first conductive electromagnetic ring 9, and the circuit is restored.

[0038] Throughout the entire operation, the automatic charging unit of the battery power supply component continuously replenishes the first battery 14 and the second battery 22 with electricity while the circuit breaker is working normally, ensuring the reliability of emergency power supply and ensuring that each mechanism can still operate normally when the grid voltage is abnormal.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker, comprising a main body (1) and a plurality of arc absorbers installed inside the main body (1), characterized in that: The main body (1) is equipped with an upper conductive block (2), and a lower conductive block (3) is provided directly below the upper conductive block (2). The lower conductive block (3) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main body (1). A passive power-off mechanism for use when the power supply fails is installed between the upper conductive block (2) and the lower conductive block (3). An active power-off mechanism for use when the electrical appliance malfunctions is installed at the lower end of the lower conductive block (3). The upper conductive block (2) is connected to the upper terminal of the main body (1) by a wire to a current monitoring module (4). The current monitoring module (4) integrates the grid current fault cut-off function and is disassembled into a fault signal acquisition module, a fault type identification module, a control command output module, and a status feedback monitoring module. The fault signal acquisition module is used to acquire current signals from the power grid and electrical appliances; the fault type identification module is used to analyze the acquired signals and distinguish between power supply faults and electrical appliance malfunctions; the control command output module is used to output control commands to the passive power-off mechanism or the active power-off mechanism according to the fault type; the status feedback monitoring module is used to monitor the on / off status of the circuit breaker and the operating status of each mechanism in real time. The lower conductive block (3) is connected to the lower terminal of the main body (1) via a wire. The inner wall of the main body (1) is equipped with a battery power supply component for powering the current monitoring module (4) and the active power-off mechanism.

2. The intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault signal acquisition module includes a current sensing unit, a harmonic suppression component and a signal conditioning unit; the current sensing unit is connected in series on the wire between the upper conductive block (2) and the upper terminal of the main body (1) to sense current signals; The harmonic suppression component includes a passive filter unit and an active filter unit. The passive filter unit adopts an LC filter network and is connected in series with the signal output terminal of the current sensing unit to suppress fixed frequency harmonics. The active filter unit is connected in series with the passive filter unit and dynamically cancels broadband harmonic interference through a harmonic detection and compensation algorithm. The signal conditioning unit is used to amplify, shape, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the filtered current signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal for transmission to the fault type identification module.

3. The intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault type identification module includes a data processing unit and a signal calibration component; the data processing unit has a built-in fault feature database that pre-stores current characteristic parameters for various types of faults; The signal calibration component includes a reference signal generation unit and an error correction unit. The reference signal generation unit generates a high-precision standard current signal, and the error correction unit compares the filtered actual current signal with the reference signal, calculates the error compensation value, and calibrates the actual signal. The data processing unit matches the calibrated current signal with the fault feature database, determines the fault type and severity through threshold judgment and trend analysis, and transmits the judgment result to the control command output module.

4. The intelligent power grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control command output module includes an instruction encoding unit and a drive unit; the instruction encoding unit generates and encodes corresponding control commands based on the judgment result of the fault type identification module. The drive unit establishes electrical connections with the battery power supply component, the passive power-off mechanism, and the active power-off mechanism respectively, and is used to decode control commands and drive the corresponding mechanisms to act. When a sudden power supply failure is detected, the drive unit triggers the passive power-off mechanism to act. When an abnormality is detected in the electrical equipment, the drive unit triggers the active power-off mechanism to act.

5. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The status feedback monitoring module includes a position sensing unit and a status diagnosis unit; the position sensing unit is installed on the inner wall of the main body (1) and is used to monitor the relative position of the upper conductive block (2) and the lower conductive block (3) to determine the circuit on / off state. The status diagnosis unit establishes signal connections with the passive power-off mechanism, the active power-off mechanism, and the battery power supply component, respectively, to monitor the operating parameters of each mechanism and the battery power status, and feeds back the monitoring data to the fault type identification module to form a closed-loop control.

6. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive power-off mechanism includes a guide ring installed on the inner wall of the main body (1), a first insulating support plate (6), a first upper electromagnet (5), a first lower electromagnet (7), a first compression spring (8), and a first conductive ring (9). The guide ring is located around the first upper electromagnet (5), and the first insulating support plate (6) is located directly below the guide ring; the first upper electromagnet (5) is disposed at the lower end of the upper conductive block (2), and the first lower electromagnet (7) is installed on the top surface of the first insulating support plate (6), and the two are coaxially corresponding; A guide rod is fixed at the center of the bottom surface of the first upper electromagnet (5), and the lower end of the guide rod is inserted into the center of the first lower electromagnet (7). The first compression spring (8) is installed between the surfaces of the first upper electromagnet (5) and the first lower electromagnet (7). The first conductive ring (9) is connected between the upper conductive block (2) and the lower conductive block (3) and is located outside the first compression spring (8).

7. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The active power-off mechanism includes a second insulating support plate (10), a buffer telescopic rod (11), a second upper electromagnet (12), a second lower electromagnet (13), a second electromagnetic ring (15), and an electric push rod (16) installed on the inner wall of the main body (1). The buffer telescopic rod (11) is installed at the center of the top surface of the second insulating support plate (10), and is equipped with a buffer spring inside. Its top end abuts against the bottom surface of the lower conductive block (3). The second upper electromagnet (12) and the second lower electromagnet (13) are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the lower conductive block (3) and the top surface of the second insulating support plate (10), and the two are coaxially corresponding. The second conductive ring (15) is sleeved on the outside of the second upper electromagnet (12). A rubber roller (21) is hinged to one side of the lower conductive block (3) through an insulating bracket. An insulating guide plate (18) is connected to the output end of the electric push rod (16) through an insulating plate (17). A second compression spring (19) is installed between the insulating plate (17) and the insulating guide plate (18). A rubber guide block (20) adapted to the rubber roller (21) is fixed to the front end of the insulating guide plate (18).

8. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery power supply assembly includes a first battery (14) and a second battery (22); the positive and negative terminals of the first battery (14) are connected to the two ends of the second electromagnetic ring (15) to supply power to the electromagnetic components of the active power-off mechanism. The second battery (22) establishes a power supply connection with the current monitoring module (4) and the electric push rod (16) respectively, and is used to provide them with short-term emergency power supply; the first battery (14) and the second battery (22) are both equipped with an automatic charging unit, which is used to replenish the power through the grid power when the circuit breaker is working normally.

9. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal calibration component also has a built-in temperature compensation unit, which is used to monitor the working environment temperature of the current monitoring module (4), dynamically adjust the reference signal according to temperature changes, and compensate for measurement errors caused by temperature drift.

10. A smart grid fault current circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fault type identification module also includes a fault precursor trend prediction unit and a multi-source data cross-validation unit. The fault precursor trend prediction unit is signal-connected to the data processing unit and is used to extract derived features of the current signal, including slope change rate, fluctuation frequency, and peak interval. By establishing a latent fault development model through time series analysis, the evolution trend of progressive faults can be identified in advance and early warning signals can be output. The multi-source data cross-verification unit includes a voltage auxiliary monitoring unit and an mechanism status acquisition unit. The voltage auxiliary monitoring unit is connected in series on the wire between the upper conductive block (2) and the upper terminal of the main body (1) to acquire the grid-side voltage signal. The mechanism status acquisition unit is connected to the status feedback monitoring module for obtaining the electromagnet action response time of the passive power-off mechanism, the extension and retraction rate of the electric push rod (16) of the active power-off mechanism, and the elastic recovery parameters of the buffer extension rod (11). The multi-source data cross-validation unit performs three-dimensional correlation analysis on voltage signals, mechanism operating status data, and calibrated current characteristic data, and eliminates misjudgments caused by interference from a single signal through data consistency verification.

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