A coordinated control method for power system adaptive to new energy collection

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of coordinated control methods of power system suitable for new energy collection, applied to electric power system control field, including according to the real-time operating parameter of power source collection port, the comprehensive state value indicating system transient stability state is constructed;According to the comprehensive state value, the stability state grade is determined;When meeting the starting condition of triggering power compensation, the response priority information that physical energy storage resource is prior to virtual inertia resource is generated based on the stability state grade;According to the response priority information, the output power proportion of two types of resources is distributed by generating coordinated control instruction;According to the coordinated control instruction, physical energy storage resource is preferentially controlled to output compensation power, and according to the difference between actual and expected output power of virtual inertia resource, the control parameter is corrected.The method provided by the application realizes the fast response and dynamic correction of system transient power gap, and significantly improves the transient stability and operation reliability of power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system control technology, and in particular to a collaborative control method for power systems adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing penetration of new energy power generation, represented by photovoltaics and wind power, into the power system, wide-area multi-port new energy aggregation systems have become an important component of new power systems. In such systems, due to the volatility and uncertainty of new energy output, the system's equivalent inertia continues to decline, and the traditional inertia response mechanism dominated by synchronous generators is unable to meet current operational requirements.

[0003] However, current solutions primarily construct a matching optimization model through the joint probability distribution of wind and solar power output, aiming to maximize source-load matching and optimize the allocation of new energy capacity, thereby mitigating power fluctuations and improving absorption capacity at the planning level. This power balance regulation method, which focuses on the steady-state level, ignores the transient stability problems caused by real-time changes in inertia during system operation. If the system is disturbed, due to the lack of a response mechanism for rapid inertia gaps, it is difficult for different types of compensation resources to form effective coordination, which can easily lead to problems such as drastic frequency changes, power oscillation diffusion, and insufficient transient stability margin. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a collaborative control method for power systems adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, in order to solve the technical problem that the lack of an immediate response mechanism for rapid inertia gaps in power systems when subjected to disturbances makes it difficult for different types of compensation resources to form effective coordination, thereby achieving rapid response and dynamic correction to transient power deficits in the system and improving the transient stability of the power system.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a collaborative control method for power systems adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, comprising: A comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stability of the power system is constructed based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port. The stability level of the power system is determined based on the comprehensive state value. When the comprehensive state value meets the activation conditions for triggering power compensation, response priority information is generated based on the stability state level, prioritizing physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources. Based on the response priority information, a cooperative control command is generated. The cooperative control command is used to allocate the output power ratio of the physical energy storage resources and the virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. At least according to the cooperative control command, the physical energy storage resource is controlled to output compensation power first, and the control parameters of the virtual inertia resource are corrected according to the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resource.

[0006] As one preferred embodiment, the real-time operating parameters include power supply port power and system real-time frequency. The step of constructing a comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stable state of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power supply port includes: Obtain the power of each of the power collection ports and the real-time frequency of the system; The real-time transient inertia of the power system is obtained based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. The transient inertia difference is obtained based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The comprehensive state value is generated based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

[0007] As one preferred embodiment, determining the stability level of the power system based on the comprehensive state value includes: A dynamic start-up threshold is generated based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of the physical energy storage resources; The stability level of the power system is determined based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold.

[0008] As one preferred embodiment, controlling the physical energy storage resources to preferentially output compensation power according to the coordinated control command includes: Based on the coordinated control command, the rate of change of the integrated state value and the real-time frequency of the system, the target release power of the physical energy storage resource is generated. Based on the target release power, control the physical energy storage resource to output compensation power.

[0009] As one preferred embodiment, after controlling the output compensation power of the physical energy storage resource, the method further includes: Obtain the compensated system transient inertia; The inertia recovery difference is obtained based on the transient inertia of the system and the rated inertia of the power system; The actual output power of the physical energy storage resource is corrected based on the inertia recovery difference.

[0010] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, comprising: The state awareness module is used to construct a comprehensive state value that characterizes the transient stable state of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port. The stability determination module is used to determine the stability status level of the power system based on the comprehensive status value. The priority generation module is used to generate response priority information of physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources based on the stability state level when the comprehensive state value meets the start-up conditions for triggering power compensation. The instruction generation module is used to generate a cooperative control instruction based on the response priority information. The cooperative control instruction is used to allocate the output power ratio of the physical energy storage resources and the virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. The collaborative control module is used to control the physical energy storage resource to prioritize the output of compensation power according to at least the collaborative control command, and to correct the control parameters of the virtual inertia resource according to the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resource.

[0011] As one preferred embodiment, the real-time operating parameters include power port power and system real-time frequency, and the status sensing module includes: A data acquisition unit is used to acquire the power of each of the power collection ports and the real-time frequency of the system. The transient inertia calculation unit is used to obtain the real-time transient inertia of the power system based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. An inertia deviation determination unit is used to obtain the transient inertia difference based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The integrated state generation unit is used to generate the integrated state value based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

[0012] As one preferred embodiment, the level determination module includes: The start-up threshold determination unit is used to generate a dynamic start-up threshold based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of the physical energy storage resources. A stability determination unit is used to determine the stability level of the power system based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold.

[0013] As one preferred embodiment, the collaborative control module includes: The target power generation unit is used to generate the target release power of the physical energy storage resource based on the cooperative control command, the comprehensive state value and the rate of change of the real-time frequency of the system. The execution module is used to control the physical energy storage resource to output compensation power according to the target release power.

[0014] As one preferred embodiment, the collaborative control module further includes: The transient inertia acquisition unit is used to acquire the compensated system transient inertia. An inertia recovery difference calculation unit is used to obtain the inertia recovery difference based on the transient inertia of the system and the rated inertia of the power system. The actual output power correction unit is used to correct the actual output power of the physical energy storage resource based on the inertia recovery difference.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are at least one of the following: (1) In this invention, the comprehensive state value is a quantitative representation of the transient stability of the system. Therefore, the stability level can be determined based on this value. When the comprehensive state value reaches the start-up condition, it indicates that there is an inertia gap in the system that needs to be compensated. At this time, the response priority information generated based on the stability level ensures that physical energy storage resources take precedence over virtual inertia resources to give full play to their rapid response advantage. The cooperative control command generated based on this priority information allocates the output power ratio of the two types of resources, so that physical energy storage undertakes the main compensation task. During the output process of physical energy storage, its control parameters are corrected according to the difference between the actual output and the expected output of virtual inertia to make up for its inherent defects of response lag and output saturation. Thus, a complete causal chain from perception to compensation to correction is formed, which significantly improves the inertia response speed and compensation accuracy in the transient process.

[0016] (2) This invention solves the technical problem in existing solutions where different types of compensation resources are difficult to coordinate effectively due to the lack of an immediate response mechanism by constructing a collaborative control mechanism between physical energy storage resources and virtual inertia resources. On the one hand, physical energy storage resources have a millisecond-level response speed, which can quickly output compensation power at the moment the system inertia gap appears, effectively suppressing the initial frequency drop and the spread of power oscillation; on the other hand, virtual inertia resources gradually take over during the physical energy storage compensation process, and by dynamically correcting its control parameters, its output characteristics are smoothly connected with physical energy storage, avoiding secondary disturbances caused by improper resource switching. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: Among them, 11 is the status perception module, 12 is the level determination module, 13 is the priority generation module, 14 is the instruction generation module, and 15 is the collaborative control module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] One embodiment of the present invention provides a collaborative control method for power systems adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, according to one embodiment of the present invention, which includes steps S1 to S5: S1: Construct a comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stability of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port; The purpose of step S1 is to obtain raw data that reflects the overall inertia level of the system at the current operating moment and to transform it into a unified quantitative indicator, so as to provide a data basis for subsequent trigger judgment and level classification.

[0024] Therefore, the real-time operating parameters of each power collection port must first be obtained. In this embodiment, the real-time operating parameters include the power port power of each power collection port and the real-time frequency of the system. The power port power refers to the instantaneous output of the renewable energy source at each port, and the real-time frequency of the system refers to the current frequency value of the power system. Because fluctuations in power port power are the direct cause of changes in system inertia, and the system frequency and its rate of change are the final response results of inertia changes, the real-time operating parameters of the power ports are selected.

[0025] Among them, the comprehensive state value is a dimensionless number that reflects both the magnitude of the inertia gap and the drastic degree of frequency change.

[0026] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time operating parameters include the power supply port power and the system real-time frequency. A comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stable state of the power system is constructed based on the real-time operating parameters of the power supply port, including: Obtain the power port power and real-time system frequency of each power collection port; The real-time transient inertia of the power system is obtained based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. The transient inertia difference is obtained based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. A comprehensive state value is generated based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

[0027] Specifically, the instantaneous power of the power collection port interface is obtained as follows: a power measurement unit is set up at each power collection port, and sampling is synchronously triggered based on a unified timing signal. The sampling frequency is preset according to the time-domain characteristics of the system transient process. The real-time frequency of the system is continuously collected by a frequency measurement device deployed at the common connection point, and the frequency change rate is output by the device.

[0028] The real-time transient inertia is calculated based on the instantaneous power and the system's real-time frequency. In this embodiment, the real-time transient inertia is defined as the system's ability to resist frequency changes at the current moment. The calculation method is as follows: multiply the instantaneous power of each port by the port's equivalent inertia time constant, divide by the product of the system's real-time frequency and the rate of frequency change, and then sum the results for all ports. The equivalent inertia time constant reflects the inherent inertia characteristics of the power supply connected to each port and is measured in seconds. In this scheme, the real-time transient inertia is defined as a quantitative representation of the system's ability to resist frequency changes at the current moment. When the rate of frequency change increases, the real-time transient inertia decreases accordingly; this relationship reflects the physical characteristic of insufficient inertia.

[0029] The transient inertia difference is obtained by subtracting the system's rated inertia from the real-time transient inertia. The system's rated inertia is a pre-stored reference value, representing the system's inertia level under standard operating conditions. In this scheme, the transient inertia difference is defined as the degree of deviation of the current inertia from the rated inertia. A negative value indicates that the system is in an inertia deficit state, and the larger the absolute value, the more severe the deficit.

[0030] Finally, the comprehensive state value is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the overall state value at time t. This represents the transient inertia difference. Indicates the system's rated inertia. The rate of change of the system's real-time frequency is expressed in Hertz per second (Hz), and α represents the weighting coefficient for the rate of change of frequency, expressed in seconds (s). In this scheme, the comprehensive state value is defined as a standardized value obtained by nonlinear quantization of the transient inertia deviation, used to uniformly characterize the current degree of inertia deficit in the system. This formula multiplies the transient inertia difference by an exponential function of the rate of change of frequency. As the rate of change of frequency increases, the exponential function value rises rapidly, causing the comprehensive state value to be magnified exponentially.

[0031] S2: Determine the stability level of the power system based on the comprehensive state value; In step S1, the system has constructed a comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stable state of the power system. This comprehensive state value reflects the magnitude of the current system inertia gap and the severity of frequency disturbances. However, a single value is insufficient to directly determine the control strategy. The system needs to determine whether the current inertia gap is mild, moderate, or severe in order to match different levels of energy replenishment responses. Step S2 uses the comprehensive state value as a basis, combined with the actual capacity of the physical energy storage devices, to generate a dynamic trigger threshold. The ratio of the comprehensive state value to the threshold is mapped to a discrete stability state level, providing a structured basis for subsequent response priority division and power allocation.

[0032] The dynamic activation threshold is a threshold value dynamically calculated based on the comprehensive state value and the characteristics of the physical energy storage capacity. It is used to determine whether a replenishment action needs to be initiated. This threshold is automatically adjusted according to the system risk level and the availability of energy storage, and is not a fixed constant. The stable state level refers to the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic activation threshold discretized into integer levels. It is used to characterize the severity of the current inertia gap and serves as a direct basis for subsequent response priority allocation and power distribution.

[0033] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, determining the stability level of the power system based on the comprehensive state value includes: A dynamic start-up threshold is generated based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of physical energy storage resources; The stability level of the power system is determined based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold.

[0034] Specifically, the system first acquires the capacity characteristic parameters of the physical energy storage resources. These parameters include at least the rated capacity and maximum output power of the energy storage. The rated capacity determines the total energy the energy storage can support during continuous replenishment, while the maximum output power limits the upper limit of power that the energy storage can release per unit time. These two parameters together characterize the actual replenishment capability of the physical energy storage under current operating conditions.

[0035] The system generates a dynamic activation threshold based on the overall state value and the capacity characteristics of physical energy storage resources. This dynamic activation threshold is not a fixed value, but rather a variable that adjusts dynamically according to the system state and energy storage capacity. Specifically, the system nonlinearly maps the ratio between the overall state value and the energy storage capacity, then superimposes a base bias related to the remaining energy storage capacity. The core idea is that when the overall state value is high (i.e., a large inertia gap) or the available energy storage capacity is sufficient, the dynamic activation threshold automatically decreases, making it easier to trigger energy replenishment. Conversely, when the energy storage capacity is insufficient, the threshold increases to prevent forced utilization of energy storage under insufficient capacity, which could lead to deep over-discharge.

[0036] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic activation threshold is obtained by multiplying a base threshold by a dynamic correction factor. The base threshold is pre-calibrated based on the rated operating parameters of the power system, while the dynamic correction factor is directly proportional to the current comprehensive state value and inversely proportional to the remaining energy storage capacity. When the comprehensive state value increases, the correction factor increases and the threshold decreases; when the remaining energy storage capacity decreases, the correction factor decreases and the threshold increases. This design allows the trigger threshold to respond simultaneously to changes in the system risk level and the energy storage health status, ensuring rapid intervention in high-risk scenarios while avoiding excessive utilization of energy storage when capacity is low.

[0037] After generating the dynamic start-up threshold, the system calculates the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold. This ratio reflects the relative magnitude of the current inertia gap compared to the energy storage trigger threshold: when the ratio is less than 1, it indicates that the current inertia gap has not yet reached the energy replenishment trigger condition; when the ratio is greater than or equal to 1, it indicates that the inertia gap has exceeded the trigger threshold and energy replenishment needs to be initiated.

[0038] In this embodiment, the ratio is mapped to discrete steady-state levels, divided into at least three levels: slight deviation level (ratio between 1 and 2), moderate deviation level (ratio between 2 and 3), and severe deviation level (ratio greater than or equal to 3). Different levels correspond to different response strategies—slight deviation level triggers an early warning, moderate deviation level initiates partial power replenishment, and severe deviation level executes full-power power replenishment. The number of levels and the classification threshold can be configured according to the actual operating requirements of the power system. For example, in scenarios with high inertia sensitivity, the number of levels can be increased to achieve more refined hierarchical control.

[0039] S3: When the comprehensive state value meets the start-up conditions for triggering power compensation, response priority information is generated based on the stability state level, prioritizing physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources. When the system triggers power compensation, it faces two types of energy replenishment resources: physical energy storage and virtual inertia. Physical energy storage has a fast response speed but limited energy, while virtual inertia has no energy constraints but a lagging response. If the two compete in an unordered manner, physical energy storage may fail to be released first in critical stages, or virtual inertia may be unable to provide effective support during the lag period. Step S3 generates clear response priority information based on the steady-state level to ensure that physical energy storage intervenes first in the early stages of inertia gap, avoiding the problem of response lag.

[0040] The activation condition refers to the state triggered when the comprehensive state value reaches or exceeds the dynamic activation threshold, used to determine whether the system needs to enter the power compensation process. The response priority information is structured data that specifies the order of access and power allocation between physical energy storage resources and virtual inertia resources, including at least the resource access order, output power limitation ratio, and response time window parameters.

[0041] Specifically, the system first determines whether the overall status value meets the start conditions for triggering power compensation. The start conditions are determined based on the dynamic start threshold generated in step S2: when the overall status value reaches or exceeds the threshold, the start conditions are met and the system enters the power compensation preparation state; if the overall status value is lower than the threshold, the compensation action is not triggered for the time being and the system continues to monitor.

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a hysteresis interval can be introduced into the activation condition to avoid frequent triggering. For example, the trigger threshold is set to 0.3, and the return threshold is set to 0.25. Compensation is triggered when the comprehensive state value rises above 0.3, and compensation only stops when the comprehensive state value falls below 0.25. This hysteresis mechanism can effectively avoid the problem of frequent switching of energy replenishment resources caused by fluctuations in the comprehensive state value near the threshold.

[0043] Once the startup conditions are met, the system generates response priority information based on the stability level. The core principle of this response priority information is that physical energy storage resources take precedence over virtual inertia resources. This is because physical energy storage has millisecond-level response capabilities, enabling it to quickly release energy in the early stages of an inertia gap and suppress the initial spread of power oscillations. In contrast, virtual inertia response has an inherent time lag (typically hundreds of milliseconds). If the system relies on virtual inertia in the early stages of the gap, it may have already become unstable by the time the lag occurs.

[0044] The response priority information is generated as follows: the system uses the stable state level as input and determines the priority coefficient of physical energy storage by looking up a table or through a preset function. For example, at a slight deviation level, the priority coefficient of physical energy storage is set to high but not exclusive, allowing virtual inertia to output low power synchronously; at a moderate deviation level, the priority coefficient of physical energy storage is further increased, and the output of virtual inertia is restricted; at a severe deviation level, the priority coefficient of physical energy storage is set to the highest, and the output of virtual inertia is temporarily suppressed until the physical energy storage completes its initial support before gradually releasing the virtual inertia.

[0045] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, priority information can be expressed as a response priority vector, which includes the resource call order, call time window, and power allocation weight of each port. For example, under severe deviation level, the response priority information stipulates that: physical energy storage ports are called first; before the output of physical energy storage reaches 80% of the target power, the output power of virtual inertia ports is limited to less than 10% of the rated value; after the physical energy storage output is stable, the output ratio of virtual inertia is gradually increased. This timing scheduling mechanism ensures the absolute priority of physical energy storage in critical stages.

[0046] The priority setting is also related to the capacity characteristics of the physical energy storage and the current state of charge: when the remaining capacity of the physical energy storage is sufficient, the priority information maintains the high priority of the physical energy storage; when the remaining capacity of the physical energy storage is low, the priority information can appropriately advance the timing of the virtual inertia intervention, while ensuring the priority start-up of the physical energy storage, to avoid the system remaining in an unstable state after the physical energy storage is over-discharged. The system dynamically adjusts the specific parameters of the response priority information based on a comprehensive calculation of the stability level and the state of charge of the energy storage.

[0047] S4: Generate cooperative control commands based on response priority information. The cooperative control commands are used to allocate the output power ratio of physical energy storage resources and virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. The current response priority information only specifies "who goes first and who goes last," without providing a specific allocation scheme for "how much power each outputs." Step S4 generates a cooperative control command based on the response priority information. This command can allocate the output power ratio of physical energy storage and virtual inertia according to the priority information. Furthermore, after the cooperative control command is issued, the system calculates the target release power of the physical energy storage based on the comprehensive state value and frequency change rate, and controls the physical energy storage to output compensation power according to the target value, achieving a millisecond-level rapid response.

[0048] Among them, the cooperative control command is a set of structured control parameters generated based on response priority information, which includes at least the output power ratio of physical energy storage and virtual inertia, power change rate limit, and response timing arrangement.

[0049] Specifically, the system takes the response priority information generated in step S3 as input, combines it with the current comprehensive state value and the real-time operating status of physical energy storage and virtual inertia, and generates a cooperative control command. The cooperative control command is a structured set of control parameters, which includes at least the following information: the output power ratio of physical energy storage, the output power ratio of virtual inertia, and the power change rate limits of the two types of resources.

[0050] The output power ratio of physical energy storage is determined by the comprehensive state value through a nonlinear mapping function, which is further explained in the specific implementation corresponding to step S5. The output power ratio of virtual inertia is automatically determined according to the allocation coefficient of physical energy storage. The sum of the output power ratios of the two types of resources is 1, ensuring that the total energy replenishment demand is fully covered.

[0051] In one specific implementation of the present invention, the cooperative control command also includes a timing arrangement of the power response. Considering the inherent lag in the virtual inertia response, the timing arrangement stipulates that physical energy storage dominates the output in the initial stage of energy replenishment, and the virtual inertia gradually increases its contribution after the output of physical energy storage stabilizes. This timing arrangement is consistent with the physical energy storage priority principle in the response priority information.

[0052] The system encapsulates the aforementioned allocation coefficients, rate limits, and timing arrangements into coordinated control instructions, which are then issued to the physical energy storage controller and the virtual inertia controller to guide the actual power output of the two types of resources. For the physical energy storage controller, the instructions mainly include its output power ratio and rate limit; for the virtual inertia controller, the instructions mainly include its output power ratio and timing coordination parameters.

[0053] S5: At least according to the coordinated control command, control the physical energy storage resources to prioritize the output of compensation power, and correct the control parameters of the virtual inertia resources according to the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resources.

[0054] The system has controlled the physical energy storage to release compensation power according to the target power output. However, the virtual inertia has an inherent hysteresis characteristic in the response process, and there is a deviation between its actual output power and the expected value, as well as a delay in response time. If not corrected, the hysteresis of the virtual inertia will weaken the synergistic effect with the physical energy storage. The purpose of step S5 is to: firstly, dynamically adjust its control parameters based on the difference between the actual and expected output of the virtual inertia and the response hysteresis time, so that it gradually approaches the response rhythm of the physical energy storage; secondly, adaptively adjust the output power of the physical energy storage based on the recovery of the system inertia.

[0055] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, controlling the physical energy storage resources to preferentially output compensation power according to at least a cooperative control command includes: Based on the coordinated control commands, the target release power of the physical energy storage resources is generated by combining the overall state value and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency. Based on the target release power, control the output compensation power of physical energy storage resources.

[0056] After the coordinated control command is issued, the system further generates the target release power of the physical energy storage resources. The target release power needs to comprehensively consider the current integrated state value and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency, so that the output power of the physical energy storage can match the size of the inertia gap and the severity of the frequency disturbance. The system first obtains the integrated state value calculated in step S2, as well as the real-time detected system frequency change rate. The integrated state value reflects the relative size of the current system inertia gap, and the frequency change rate reflects the speed at which the frequency deviates from the rated value—the larger the change rate, the more severe the disturbance to the system, and the stronger the energy replenishment support required.

[0057] The target release power of physical energy storage is determined by the comprehensive state value, the rate of frequency change, and the inertia-power conversion coefficient. This coefficient converts the inertia gap and the rate of frequency change into power demand. Its core idea is to amplify the inertia gap by multiplying it with the rate of frequency change, so that the power released by physical energy storage can be rapidly increased during periods of severe frequency fluctuations, thereby strengthening the system's ability to compensate for sudden inertia loss in real time.

[0058] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the target release power also considers the current state of charge of the physical energy storage. When the energy storage's state of charge is low, the release power is automatically reduced to avoid excessive use of the energy storage when its charge is low. After obtaining the target release power, the system controls the physical energy storage device to output compensation power according to the target value. Considering that the physical energy storage device cannot instantly reach the target power, the system smoothly adjusts the output power with a preset response time constant, so that the actual power gradually approaches the target release power, ensuring both millisecond-level response speed and avoiding impact on the energy storage device. The system continuously monitors the actual output power of the physical energy storage, and when the deviation between the actual power and the target power is less than a preset threshold, it determines that the power has stabilized.

[0059] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, after controlling the output compensation power of the physical energy storage resources, the method further includes: Obtain the compensated system transient inertia; The inertia recovery difference is obtained based on the system transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system; The actual output power of physical energy storage resources is corrected based on the inertia recovery difference.

[0060] While the physical energy storage prioritizes outputting compensation power, the system synchronously monitors the actual output process of the virtual inertia. After receiving the cooperative control command, the virtual inertia resource begins to respond according to the output power ratio allocated in the command, but there are two deviations between its actual output and the expectation: deviation in output power amplitude and delay in response time.

[0061] Specifically, the system collects the actual output power of the virtual inertia in real time and compares it with the expected output power to obtain the output deviation. Simultaneously, it measures the response lag time of the virtual inertia. Based on the output deviation and response lag time, the system dynamically updates the control gain parameters of the virtual inertia using an adaptive correction algorithm.

[0062] The expression for the correction amount is: in, The control gain correction amount at time t. For output deviation, α and β are correction coefficients for the response lag time. This formula amplifies or reduces the control gain by proportionalizing the deviation, while introducing a lag time term. When the lag is large, the growth rate of the gain is limited to avoid system oscillation, thus achieving synchronous optimization of virtual inertia response speed and output accuracy.

[0063] While correcting the virtual inertia control parameters, the system also performs closed-loop regulation of the actual output power of the physical energy storage based on the recovery status of the system's transient inertia. Specifically, the compensated system transient inertia is acquired in real time and compared with the rated inertia of the power system to obtain the inertia recovery difference. A positive inertia recovery difference indicates that the current inertia has exceeded the rated value (overcompensation), while a negative value indicates that it has not yet recovered to the required level (undercompensation).

[0064] The system adjusts the actual output power of the physical energy storage based on the inertia recovery difference: when the inertia recovery difference is negative, the output power of the physical energy storage is increased; when the inertia recovery difference is positive, the output power of the physical energy storage is decreased, preventing the system from transitioning from an understability state to an overshoot state. The adjustment amount can be determined by multiplying the inertia recovery difference by the proportional gain coefficient, and then added to the current target release power to generate a new target release power, causing the system inertia to gradually converge to near its rated value.

[0065] The target release power of physical energy storage is linked to the inertia gap and the rate of frequency change; the more severe the disturbance, the greater the output, and the energy replenishment response matches the actual needs of the system. The control parameters of virtual inertia are corrected online based on its actual output deviation and response lag time; the more severe the lag, the stronger the correction, gradually bringing its response characteristics closer to those of physical energy storage, thus improving the synergy between the two types of resources. The output power of physical energy storage is adjusted in a closed-loop manner based on the inertia recovery difference, increasing power during undercompensation and decreasing power during overcompensation, ensuring smooth convergence of the system inertia to the rated range and avoiding secondary oscillations.

[0066] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a coordinated control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, as described in one embodiment of the present invention. The device includes: The state awareness module is used to construct a comprehensive state value that characterizes the transient stable state of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port. The stability determination module is used to determine the stability status level of the power system based on the comprehensive status value. The priority generation module is used to generate response priority information of physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources based on the stability state level when the comprehensive state value meets the start conditions for triggering power compensation. The instruction generation module is used to generate cooperative control instructions based on response priority information. The cooperative control instructions are used to allocate the output power ratio of physical energy storage resources and virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. The collaborative control module is used to control the physical energy storage resources to prioritize the output of compensation power according to at least the collaborative control instructions, and to correct the control parameters of the virtual inertia resources based on the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resources.

[0067] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the real-time operating parameters include the power port power and the system real-time frequency, and the status sensing module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the power port power and real-time system frequency of each power collection port; The transient inertia calculation unit is used to obtain the real-time transient inertia of the power system based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. The inertia deviation determination unit is used to obtain the transient inertia difference based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The integrated state generation unit is used to generate integrated state values ​​based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

[0068] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the level determination module includes: The start-up threshold determination unit is used to generate a dynamic start-up threshold based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of physical energy storage resources. The stability determination unit is used to determine the stability level of the power system based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value and the dynamic start-up threshold.

[0069] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooperative control module includes: The target power generation unit is used to generate the target release power of physical energy storage resources based on the coordinated control command, the comprehensive state value and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency; The execution module is used to control the output compensation power of physical energy storage resources according to the target release power.

[0070] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooperative control module further includes: The transient inertia acquisition unit is used to acquire the compensated system transient inertia. The inertia recovery difference calculation unit is used to obtain the inertia recovery difference based on the system transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The actual output power correction unit is used to correct the actual output power of the physical energy storage resources based on the inertia recovery difference.

[0071] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are at least one of the following: (1) This invention establishes a response priority mechanism that prioritizes physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources, enabling the system to output compensation power rapidly within milliseconds when disturbed, effectively suppressing the initial frequency drop and the spread of power oscillations. At the same time, during the compensation process, the control parameters of the virtual inertia are dynamically corrected according to the actual output deviation, making up for the inherent defects of virtual inertia response lag and output saturation, so that the two types of resources form a smooth connection during the transient process, avoiding secondary disturbances caused by improper resource switching.

[0072] (2) The integrated state value and dynamic start-up threshold mechanism constructed in this invention enables the system to adaptively determine whether to trigger compensation actions based on the real-time operating status, avoiding the problem of false triggering or missed triggering that may occur under complex operating conditions with fixed threshold schemes. At the same time, through continuous monitoring of the transient stable state of the system and closed-loop adjustment of compensation parameters, it is ensured that the output of compensation resources and the actual needs of the system are always dynamically matched throughout the transient process, which significantly improves the operating condition adaptability and robustness of the control method.

[0073] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, characterized in that, include: A comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stability of the power system is constructed based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port. The stability level of the power system is determined based on the comprehensive state value. When the comprehensive state value meets the activation conditions for triggering power compensation, response priority information is generated based on the stability state level, prioritizing physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources. Based on the response priority information, a cooperative control command is generated. The cooperative control command is used to allocate the output power ratio of the physical energy storage resources and the virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. At least according to the cooperative control command, the physical energy storage resource is controlled to output compensation power first, and the control parameters of the virtual inertia resource are corrected according to the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resource.

2. The collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time operating parameters include power supply port power and system real-time frequency. The construction of a comprehensive state value characterizing the transient stable state of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power supply port includes: Obtain the power of each of the power collection ports and the real-time frequency of the system; The real-time transient inertia of the power system is obtained based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. The transient inertia difference is obtained based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The comprehensive state value is generated based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

3. The collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the stability level of the power system based on the comprehensive state value includes: A dynamic start-up threshold is generated based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of the physical energy storage resources; The stability level of the power system is determined based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold.

4. The collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of controlling the physical energy storage resources to preferentially output compensation power, at least according to the coordinated control command, includes: Based on the coordinated control command, the rate of change of the integrated state value and the real-time frequency of the system, the target release power of the physical energy storage resource is generated. Based on the target release power, control the physical energy storage resource to output compensation power.

5. The collaborative control method for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 2, characterized in that, After controlling the output compensation power of the physical energy storage resource, the method further includes: Obtain the compensated system transient inertia; The inertia recovery difference is obtained based on the transient inertia of the system and the rated inertia of the power system; The actual output power of the physical energy storage resource is corrected based on the inertia recovery difference.

6. A collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources, characterized in that, include: The state awareness module is used to construct a comprehensive state value that characterizes the transient stable state of the power system based on the real-time operating parameters of the power collection port. The stability determination module is used to determine the stability status level of the power system based on the comprehensive status value. The priority generation module is used to generate response priority information of physical energy storage resources over virtual inertia resources based on the stability state level when the comprehensive state value meets the start-up conditions for triggering power compensation. The instruction generation module is used to generate a cooperative control instruction based on the response priority information. The cooperative control instruction is used to allocate the output power ratio of the physical energy storage resources and the virtual inertia resources according to the response priority information. The collaborative control module is used to control the physical energy storage resource to prioritize the output of compensation power according to at least the collaborative control command, and to correct the control parameters of the virtual inertia resource according to the difference between the actual output power and the expected output power of the virtual inertia resource.

7. A collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The real-time operating parameters include power port power and system real-time frequency. The status sensing module includes: A data acquisition unit is used to acquire the power of each of the power collection ports and the real-time frequency of the system. The transient inertia calculation unit is used to obtain the real-time transient inertia of the power system based on the power supply port power and the real-time frequency of the system. An inertia deviation determination unit is used to obtain the transient inertia difference based on the real-time transient inertia and the rated inertia of the power system. The integrated state generation unit is used to generate the integrated state value based on the transient inertia difference and the rate of change of the system's real-time frequency.

8. A collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The level determination module includes: The start-up threshold determination unit is used to generate a dynamic start-up threshold based on the comprehensive state value and the capacity characteristics of the physical energy storage resources. A stability determination unit is used to determine the stability level of the power system based on the ratio of the comprehensive state value to the dynamic start-up threshold.

9. A collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The collaborative control module includes: The target power generation unit is used to generate the target release power of the physical energy storage resource based on the cooperative control command, the comprehensive state value and the rate of change of the real-time frequency of the system. The execution module is used to control the physical energy storage resource to output compensation power according to the target release power.

10. A collaborative control device for a power system adapted to the aggregation of new energy sources as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The collaborative control module also includes: The transient inertia acquisition unit is used to acquire the compensated system transient inertia. An inertia recovery difference calculation unit is used to obtain the inertia recovery difference based on the transient inertia of the system and the rated inertia of the power system. The actual output power correction unit is used to correct the actual output power of the physical energy storage resource based on the inertia recovery difference.

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