Vehicle starting power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of starting battery, and provides a vehicle starting power supply system and a vehicle.The vehicle starting power supply system comprises a lithium battery pack, a super capacitor and a power supply device; a battery management unit in the lithium battery pack is configured to cut off a charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device after detecting that the lithium battery pack meets a charging protection condition; and the super capacitor is configured to receive a charging current output by the power supply device after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off.When the battery management unit cuts off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device, the super capacitor can receive the charging current output by the power supply device, thereby avoiding the problems of damage of the power supply device and damage of electrical equipment on the vehicle caused by no-load operation of the power supply device, and improving the performance of the vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of starting battery technology, and particularly relates to a vehicle starting power system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, vehicle starting batteries typically use lithium-ion batteries. Lithium batteries cannot be overcharged or over-discharged, so they have a hardware battery management system for protection. Once the lithium battery is fully charged to the preset voltage value, the battery management system will disconnect the charging control switch. At this time, the vehicle's power supply device (such as the alternator) is essentially running under no-load, which can lead to damage to the power supply device. Furthermore, the power supply device's output voltage will be unstable when running under no-load, which can burn out low-voltage electrical equipment in the vehicle and ultimately reduce vehicle performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle starting power supply system and a vehicle to solve the technical problem of damage to the power supply device and the electrical equipment on the vehicle caused by the no-load operation of the power supply device in the prior art.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle starting power system, including: a lithium battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a power supply device, wherein the input terminal of the lithium battery pack and the input terminal of the supercapacitor are both connected to the output terminal of the power supply device, and the output terminal of the lithium battery pack and the output terminal of the supercapacitor are both connected as the output terminal of the system; The lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management unit, which is configured to cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device after detecting that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions. The supercapacitor is configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply device after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off.

[0005] Optionally, the supercapacitor is also configured to provide output current together with the lithium battery pack when the lithium battery pack is in a discharging state.

[0006] Optionally, the proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor is dynamically adjusted according to the magnitude of the output current.

[0007] Optionally, the system may also include a temperature detection unit and a control unit; The temperature detection unit is configured to detect the ambient temperature of the system. The control unit is configured to, if the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature threshold, control the discharge priority of the supercapacitor to be higher than the discharge priority of the lithium battery pack; and if the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, control the discharge priority of the supercapacitor to be equal to the discharge priority of the lithium battery pack.

[0008] Optionally, the supercapacitor includes multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series; each supercapacitor cell is equipped with a voltage equalization circuit. The voltage equalization circuit is configured to perform equalization processing when it detects that the voltage difference between adjacent supercapacitor cells is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.

[0009] Optionally, the battery management unit is specifically configured as follows: If the voltage of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold, the current of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset current threshold, or the temperature of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset temperature threshold, then the lithium battery pack is determined to meet the charging protection conditions.

[0010] Optionally, the system further includes a thermal isolation structure; the thermal isolation structure is used to physically isolate the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor.

[0011] Optionally, the power supply device is configured to stop outputting charging current within a preset time after detecting that the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device has been cut off.

[0012] Optionally, the preset time is determined based on the capacitance of the supercapacitor.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle that includes a vehicle starting power system as described in any of the first aspects.

[0014] The vehicle starting power system provided in this application has the following beneficial effects: The vehicle starting power system provided in this application includes a lithium battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a power supply device. The input terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are both connected to the output terminal of the power supply device, and the output terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are both connected to the system output terminal. The lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management unit, which is configured to cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device after detecting that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions. The supercapacitor is configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply device after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off. Through the vehicle starting power system provided in this application, when the battery management unit detects that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions, it cuts off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device. Furthermore, after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off, the supercapacitor receives the charging current output by the power supply device, avoiding the power supply device from running under no-load conditions. This prevents damage to the power supply device and electrical equipment on the vehicle caused by the power supply device running under no-load conditions, ultimately improving vehicle performance. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a vehicle starting power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a vehicle starting power supply system provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be noted that the terminology used in the embodiments of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, "at least one" or "one or more" means one, two or more. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0018] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0019] Besides, starting batteries are usually lead-acid batteries. Although lead-acid batteries have a long history of use and the technology is mature, they have disadvantages such as low energy density, small capacity, large size, and short lifespan. Therefore, in recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been commonly used to replace lead-acid batteries as starting batteries. Lithium-ion batteries cannot be overcharged or over-discharged, so they have a hardware battery management unit for protection. Once the lithium-ion battery is fully charged to a preset voltage value, the battery management unit will disconnect the charging switch. At this time, the vehicle's power supply device (such as the alternator) is essentially running under no-load, which can lead to damage to the power supply device. Furthermore, the power supply device's output voltage will be unstable when running under no-load, which can cause damage to the vehicle's low-voltage electrical equipment.

[0020] To address the above problems, this application provides a vehicle starting power system. The vehicle starting power system provided in this application can be applied to vehicles that use lithium-ion batteries as starting batteries.

[0021] For example, when a user replaces the vehicle's starting battery from a lead-acid battery to a lithium-ion battery, the user can use the vehicle starting power system provided in this application embodiment, thereby avoiding the problem of damage to the power supply device and the vehicle's electrical equipment caused by the power supply device operating under no-load conditions, and ultimately improving vehicle performance.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle starting power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle starting power system provided in this application embodiment may include a lithium battery pack 11, a supercapacitor 12, and a power supply device 13.

[0024] The input terminals of the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 are both connected to the output terminal of the power supply device 13, and the output terminals of the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 are both connected to the output terminal of the vehicle starting power system.

[0025] The lithium battery pack 11 is equipped with a battery management unit 111, which is configured to cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13 after detecting that the lithium battery pack 11 meets the charging protection conditions.

[0026] The supercapacitor 12 is configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply 13 after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply 13 is cut off.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the battery management unit 111 is specifically configured to determine whether the lithium battery pack 11 meets the charging protection conditions by means of: If the voltage of the lithium battery pack is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the current of the lithium battery pack is greater than the preset current threshold, or the temperature of the lithium battery pack is greater than the preset temperature threshold, then the lithium battery pack is determined to meet the charging protection conditions.

[0028] The following describes the working process of the vehicle starting power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] When the lithium battery pack 11 does not meet the charging protection conditions, the power supply device 13 provides charging current to the lithium battery pack 11, and the lithium battery pack 11 receives the charging current until the battery management unit 111 of the lithium battery pack 11 detects that the lithium battery pack 11 meets the charging protection conditions. Then, the battery management unit 111 can cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13, thereby causing the lithium battery pack 11 to stop receiving charging current.

[0030] After the battery management unit 111 cuts off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13, the power supply device 13 will still output charging current for a period of time. At this time, the supercapacitor 12 can receive the charging current output by the power supply device 13 after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13 is cut off.

[0031] It should be noted that after the battery management unit 111 disconnects the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply unit 13, the power supply unit 13 will still output charging current for a period of time. At this time, the power supply unit 13 is essentially directly connected to the low-voltage electrical appliances in the vehicle. Furthermore, because the power supply unit 13 is unloaded, the voltage output by the power supply unit 13 is instantaneously very high and fluctuates significantly over time. Such voltage can easily damage the low-voltage electrical appliances in the vehicle. Additionally, the unloaded speed of the power supply unit 13 may become uncontrollable (theoretically approaching infinity), potentially causing rotor runaway or bearing breakage. Electrical energy is converted into heat, causing localized overheating, accelerating insulation aging and mechanical component wear. If it is a diesel generator, when the power supply unit 13 is unloaded, oil can easily enter the combustion chamber, forming carbon deposits, exacerbating piston and cylinder liner wear, and potentially damaging the turbocharger oil seal. However, by having the supercapacitor 12 receive the charging current output by the power supply unit 13 after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply unit 13 is disconnected, these problems can be avoided.

[0032] Through the above working process, when the battery management unit 111 cuts off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13, the supercapacitor 12 can receive the charging current output by the power supply device 13, thus avoiding the problem of damage to the power supply device 13 and the electrical equipment on the vehicle caused by the power supply device 13 running under no-load.

[0033] In practical applications, the performance parameters of the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 can be set according to actual needs. For example, the lithium battery pack 11 can be composed of 8 individual lithium-ion batteries connected in series, and the rated voltage of the lithium battery pack 11 can be 24 volts. In addition, the supercapacitor 12 can be composed of 12 supercapacitor cells with a rated voltage of 3 volts and a rated capacitance of 500 farads connected in series.

[0034] In one possible implementation, in addition to being configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply 13 after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply 13 is cut off, the supercapacitor 12 can also be configured to provide the output current together with the lithium battery pack 11 when the lithium battery pack 11 is in a discharging state. The output circuit jointly provided by the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 can be used for starting and igniting the vehicle.

[0035] In practical applications, since a single farad capacitor with a rated capacitance of 500 farads can provide an instantaneous current of more than 2000 amps, while the starting current required by a vehicle is usually around 500 amps, the vehicle can start normally within 2 seconds.

[0036] Furthermore, once the supercapacitor 12 has fully discharged, the lithium battery pack 11 can provide a continuous output current. In practical applications, there is no over-discharge problem when the supercapacitor 12 is discharged. Therefore, it is not a problem for the supercapacitor 12 to be completely depleted during discharge. Moreover, due to the replenishment of energy by the supercapacitor 12, the voltage of the lithium battery pack 11 will not be pulled down too low by the load when it discharges, thus protecting the performance and lifespan of the lithium battery pack 11 and improving the performance of the vehicle.

[0037] As can be seen from the above, the vehicle starting power system provided in this application embodiment includes: a lithium battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a power supply device. The input terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are both connected to the output terminal of the power supply device, and the output terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are both connected as the system output terminal. The lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management unit, which is configured to cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device after detecting that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions. The supercapacitor is configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply device after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off. Through the vehicle starting power system provided in this application embodiment, when the battery management unit detects that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions, it cuts off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device. After the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off, the supercapacitor receives the charging current output by the power supply device, avoiding the power supply device from running under no-load conditions. This avoids damage to the power supply device and electrical equipment on the vehicle caused by the power supply device running under no-load conditions, ultimately improving vehicle performance.

[0038] When the lithium battery pack is discharging, the supercapacitor 12 and the lithium battery pack 11 jointly provide the output current. However, in practical applications, the lithium battery pack 11 is an energy storage device with high energy density, suitable for continuous low-current output, but high-current charging and discharging can easily cause electrode damage, its discharge capacity drops sharply at low temperatures, and it has over-discharge / overcharge protection limitations. The supercapacitor 12 is a power storage device with high power density and can output ultra-large current instantaneously, but its energy density is low and it cannot provide continuous current. Furthermore, the output current requirements of the vehicle vary greatly under different operating conditions: a large instantaneous current of about 500 amps is required during startup, while only a small current is needed for continuous power supply during idling / low-voltage electrical operation.

[0039] Based on the characteristics of the supercapacitor 12 and the lithium battery pack 11, and combined with the vehicle's output current requirements, the proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor 12 is dynamically adjusted according to the magnitude of the output current. Specifically, when the output current is large, the proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor can be increased, and when the output current is small, the proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor can be decreased.

[0040] In the above way, both the supercapacitor 12 and the lithium battery pack 11 can give full play to their own advantages. For example, the supercapacitor 12 can be focused on the throughput of instantaneous high power and high current, which is in line with the characteristics of high power density and fast response of the supercapacitor 12. For example, it can quickly provide load current when the vehicle starts, reduce the capacitor output ratio under low current conditions, reduce the number of charge and discharge cycles of the supercapacitor 12, avoid its performance degradation caused by frequent shallow charge and discharge, and prevent the supercapacitor 12 from being completely discharged.

[0041] By dynamically adjusting the proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor 12, the performance utilization of the supercapacitor 12 and the lithium battery pack 11 can be maximized.

[0042] Furthermore, since the supercapacitor 12 does not have the problem of over-discharge, meaning that the supercapacitor 12 can be completely depleted during discharge, the energy replenishment of the supercapacitor 12 ensures that the voltage of the lithium battery pack 11 will not be pulled down too low by the load during discharge, thus protecting the performance and lifespan of the lithium battery pack 11.

[0043] In practical applications, the lithium battery pack 11 has poor temperature characteristics, meaning that its discharge capacity is often insufficient in low-temperature environments. To solve this problem, the following can be adopted: Figure 2 The vehicle starting power system provided. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle starting power supply system provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The provided vehicle starting power system and Figure 1 Compared to the provided vehicle starting power system, the vehicle starting power system may also include a temperature detection unit 14 and a control unit 15.

[0045] The temperature detection unit is connected to the control unit 15, and the control unit 15 is connected to the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12.

[0046] The temperature detection unit 14 can be configured to detect the ambient temperature of the vehicle's starting power system.

[0047] The control unit 15 can be configured to control the discharge priority of the supercapacitor 12 to be higher than that of the lithium battery pack 11 if the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature threshold; and to control the discharge priority of the supercapacitor 12 to be equal to that of the lithium battery pack 11 if the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold.

[0048] In this way, when the ambient temperature of the vehicle starting power system is low, the supercapacitor 12 is given priority to provide output current. When the ambient temperature of the vehicle starting power system is high, the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 are used together to provide output current, thereby making up for the technical problem of insufficient discharge capacity of the lithium battery pack 11 in low temperature environment.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the supercapacitor 12 may include a plurality of supercapacitor cells connected in series; each supercapacitor cell is configured with a voltage equalization circuit.

[0050] The voltage equalization circuit can be configured to perform equalization processing when it detects that the voltage difference between adjacent supercapacitor cells is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.

[0051] The reason for configuring a voltage equalization circuit in the supercapacitor 12 is as follows: Supercapacitor cells have inherent characteristics such as manufacturing process deviations, internal resistance differences, and different self-discharge rates. When multiple supercapacitor cells are connected in series, these differences will be continuously amplified during the charging and discharging process (especially the instantaneous charging and discharging of large currents when a car is starting up, and the continuous charging of small currents when the power supply device is unloaded). This will result in an imbalance where some supercapacitor cells have excessively high voltages and others have excessively low voltages.

[0052] The voltage equalization circuit triggered by the adjacent voltage difference can directly detect the voltage difference between adjacent cells in the series link. When the difference exceeds the threshold, equalization is immediately performed (such as transferring the energy of the high voltage cell to the low voltage cell), thereby blocking the spread of voltage imbalance and preventing a supercapacitor cell from triggering overcharge protection due to excessive voltage or over-discharge due to excessive voltage.

[0053] Furthermore, the lifespan degradation of supercapacitor 12 is mainly due to overcharging, over-discharging, and localized aging caused by long-term voltage imbalance. Specifically, overcharging leads to electrolyte decomposition and electrode structure damage in the supercapacitor cells, while over-discharging intensifies electrode polarization; both are irreversible damages. By using a voltage balancing circuit to regulate the voltage of each supercapacitor cell, the voltage of each cell can be strictly limited within a safe operating range, preventing such damage at its source. In addition, when the voltage of supercapacitor 12 is unbalanced, some cells need to bear higher charge / discharge rates, operating under high loads for extended periods, resulting in a much faster aging rate than other cells. After balancing, the load on all cells is evenly distributed, allowing the aging of the entire supercapacitor 12 to proceed synchronously, preventing premature failure of individual cells from rendering the entire supercapacitor 12 unusable and significantly reducing replacement costs.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the vehicle starting power system may also include a thermal isolation structure. This thermal isolation structure can be used to physically isolate the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor.

[0055] The reason for setting up a thermal isolation structure in the vehicle starting power system to physically isolate the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor is that the optimal operating temperature, tolerance temperature, and temperature-related performance characteristics of the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 are fundamentally different. Physical isolation can prevent the heat generated during operation and the heat absorbed by the environment from both from being superimposed, ensuring that the lithium battery pack 11 and the supercapacitor 12 are always in a temperature environment suitable for themselves. Specifically, the thermal isolation structure allows the two to form independent temperature zones: it prevents the slight heat generated by the supercapacitor during instantaneous high-current starting from being transferred to the lithium battery pack 11, and it also prevents the heat generated by the lithium battery pack 11 during charging and discharging (the continuous heat generated by the lithium battery pack 11 is much higher than that of the supercapacitor 12) from affecting the supercapacitor 12. At the same time, in the high-temperature environment of the power supply device, it can provide targeted thermal insulation protection for the lithium battery pack 11, keeping it away from high-temperature sources and ensuring its core performance.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the power supply device 13 is further configured to stop outputting charging current within a preset time after detecting that the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13 has been cut off.

[0057] Specifically, the preset time can be determined based on the capacitance of the supercapacitor 12. For example, the larger the capacitance of the supercapacitor 12, the longer the preset time; the smaller the capacitance of the supercapacitor 12, the shorter the preset time.

[0058] The power supply device 13 is also configured to stop outputting charging current within a preset time after detecting that the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13 has been cut off. The reason for this is: In practical applications, since the capacitance of the supercapacitor 12 is fixed, the characteristics of the supercapacitor determine that it cannot withstand continuous charging without protection. If the power supply device 13 continues to output charging current to the supercapacitor 12, the supercapacitor 12 may be damaged. In order to avoid damage to the lithium battery pack 11, the power supply device 13 needs to stop outputting charging current within a preset time after detecting that the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack 11 and the power supply device 13 has been cut off.

[0059] This application continues to provide a vehicle in its embodiments. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle provided in this application embodiment may include, for example, Figure 1 or Figure 2 The vehicle starting power system shown.

[0060] The specific functions of the vehicle starting power system can be found in the following reference: Figure 1 or Figure 2 The corresponding implementation examples will not be described in detail here.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units as needed. That is, the internal structure of the vehicle starting power supply system can be divided into different functional units to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0062] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, can implement the steps in the various method embodiments described above.

[0063] This application provides a computer program product that, when run on a terminal device, enables the terminal device to implement the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0064] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle starting power supply system, characterized in that, include: The system includes a lithium battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a power supply device. The input terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are connected to the output terminal of the power supply device, and the output terminals of the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor are connected to the output terminal of the system. The lithium battery pack is equipped with a battery management unit, which is configured to cut off the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device after detecting that the lithium battery pack meets the charging protection conditions. The supercapacitor is configured to receive the charging current output by the power supply device after the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device is cut off.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor is also configured to provide output current together with the lithium battery pack when the lithium battery pack is in a discharging state.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The proportion of the output current provided by the supercapacitor is dynamically adjusted according to the magnitude of the output current.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system also includes a temperature detection unit and a control unit; The temperature detection unit is configured to detect the ambient temperature of the system. The control unit is configured to, if the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature threshold, control the discharge priority of the supercapacitor to be higher than the discharge priority of the lithium battery pack. If the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, then the discharge priority of the supercapacitor is controlled to be equal to the discharge priority of the lithium battery pack.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor comprises multiple supercapacitor cells connected in series; each supercapacitor cell is equipped with a voltage equalization circuit. The voltage equalization circuit is configured to perform equalization processing when it detects that the voltage difference between adjacent supercapacitor cells is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management unit is specifically configured as follows: If the voltage of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold, the current of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset current threshold, or the temperature of the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset temperature threshold, then the lithium battery pack is determined to meet the charging protection conditions.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a thermal isolation structure; the thermal isolation structure is used to physically isolate the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply device is configured to stop outputting charging current within a preset time after detecting that the charging circuit between the lithium battery pack and the power supply device has been cut off.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preset time is determined based on the capacitance of the supercapacitor.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the vehicle starting power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images