Pilot transmission method and communication device

Abstract

The application discloses a pilot transmission method and a communication device. The method comprises the following steps: determining pilot information, wherein the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; mapping the pilot information into a first resource unit in a first region in a delay-Doppler domain, mapping data information into the first region, obtaining a delay-Doppler domain signal, and the first resource unit carries the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information; and transmitting a first signal, wherein the first signal is obtained by processing the delay-Doppler domain signal. The method can reduce the pilot overhead and improve the data transmission efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to pilot transmission methods and communication devices. Background Technology

[0002] Orthogonal Time Frequency & Space (OTFS) technology is a novel two-dimensional modulation technique. Its key feature lies in placing the signal (e.g., constellation symbols) in a newly established time-delay-Doppler domain. This is then transformed into a two-dimensional dual Fourier transform equivalent to the traditional time-frequency domain, ultimately forming common code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), or frequency division multiple access (FDMA) waveforms for transmission. Due to its newly extended Doppler domain, OTFS technology is particularly suitable for high-speed mobile scenarios, such as highways with speeds of 120 km / h or high-speed trains with speeds of 500 km / h.

[0003] The transmitting device can perform time-delay-Doppler domain signal mapping on the data and pilot information, mapping the data and pilot information to the time-delay-Doppler domain, and then perform OTFS encoding to map the time-delay-Doppler domain signal to the time-frequency domain. After that, it performs dimension transformation processing and generates baseband waveform processing. Finally, the modulated waveform is sent to the receiving device through a power amplifier.

[0004] When performing time-delay-Doppler domain signal mapping on data and pilot information, a protective region is typically designed around the resource unit mapping the pilot information. For example... Figure 1A As shown, Figure 1A Each square represents a delay-Doppler domain resource unit. A protective region is designed around the resource unit mapped by the pilot information to isolate the pilot information and the data information.

[0005] Because a protection zone needs to be reserved around the resource unit where the pilot information is mapped, the pilot overhead is large and the efficiency of transmitting data information is low. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a pilot transmission method and a communication device that can reduce pilot overhead and improve the efficiency of data transmission.

[0007] In a first aspect, some embodiments of this application provide a pilot transmission method. This pilot transmission method can be executed by a transmitting device, by a module applied to the transmitting device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the transmitting device. The pilot transmission method includes: determining pilot information, where the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; mapping the pilot information to a first resource unit in a first region of a time-delay-Doppler domain, mapping data information to the first region to obtain a time-delay-Doppler domain signal, wherein the first resource unit carries the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information; and transmitting a first signal, where the first signal is obtained by processing the time-delay-Doppler domain signal.

[0008] Based on the method described in the first aspect, due to the autocorrelation of the PN sequence, the pilot information and data information in the first resource unit can be non-orthogonal when the transmitting device superimposes pilot information and data information, thereby reducing pilot overhead. Furthermore, since pilot information and data information can be superimposed, there is no need to reserve a protection area for the resource unit where the pilot information is located, thus improving the efficiency of data transmission.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the first region includes a plurality of first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0010] Based on this method, the first resource units are distributed at equal intervals in the first region, resulting in low pilot overhead. Furthermore, since the first resource units containing each pilot information are spaced apart, it also facilitates the receiving device in eliminating interference.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the PN sequence employs offset values ​​with different cyclic shifts that are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, the ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0015] This method ensures that the first resource unit is distributed as evenly as possible within the first region. Even distribution within the first region reduces pilot overhead.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is a PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0017] This approach allows for a greater number of pilot signals in the first region, which helps the receiving equipment improve channel estimation accuracy.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in a first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in first resource units in different Doppler domains.

[0020] In one possible embodiment, the spacing between Doppler domains mapped to pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0021] In one possible embodiment, pilot configuration information is sent, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the spacing between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a pilot transmission method, which can be executed by a receiving device, by a module applied to the receiving device (e.g., a processor, chip, or chip system), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the receiving device. The pilot transmission method includes: receiving a first signal, wherein the first signal is obtained by processing a time-delay-Doppler domain signal, the time-delay-Doppler domain signal being obtained by mapping pilot information to a first resource unit in a first region of the time-delay-Doppler domain, and mapping data information to the first region, the first resource unit containing both pilot information and mapped data information, the pilot information being a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information being determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; and performing channel estimation based on the pilot information.

[0023] In one possible embodiment, the position of the first path is determined based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence, or based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the sequence obtained after different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence; based on the first path, pilot information and data information are separated.

[0024] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the first region includes a plurality of first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0025] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0026] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0027] In one possible embodiment, the PN sequence employs offset values ​​with different cyclic shifts that are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

[0028] In one possible embodiment, the ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0029] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is a PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0030] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in a first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

[0031] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in first resource units in different Doppler domains.

[0032] In one possible embodiment, the spacing between Doppler domains mapped to pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0033] In one possible embodiment, pilot configuration information is received, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the spacing between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

[0034] Thirdly, this application provides a communication device, which may be a transmitting device or a module applied to the transmitting device, such as a processor, chip, or chip system, or may be a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the transmitting device. The communication device includes modules / units for performing any of the methods in the first aspect and its possible implementations.

[0035] Fourthly, this application provides a communication device, which may be a receiving device or a module applied to the receiving device, such as a processor, chip, or chip system, or may be a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the receiving device. The communication device includes modules / units for performing any of the methods in the second aspect and its possible implementations.

[0036] Fifthly, this application provides a communication device including a processor coupled to a memory for storing programs or instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the device to perform the method described in the first or second aspect above.

[0037] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a chip including a processor and an interface, the processor and the interface being coupled; the interface is used to receive or output signals, and the processor is used to execute code instructions, causing the chip to perform the methods described in the first or second aspect above.

[0038] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when invoked, cause the method described in the first aspect to be executed, or cause the method described in the second aspect to be executed.

[0039] Eighthly, this application provides a computer program product comprising: computer program code, which, when executed, causes the method described in the first aspect to be executed, or causes the method described in the second aspect to be executed.

[0040] Ninthly, this application provides a communication system comprising a communication device (e.g., a transmitting device) for performing the method described in the first aspect and a communication device (e.g., a receiving device) for performing the communication method described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a conventional pilot mapping method provided in this application embodiment;

[0042] Figure 1B A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the time delay-Doppler domain and the time-frequency domain is provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 1D A schematic diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart illustrating a pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3A This application provides a schematic diagram of a DDRB in a mesh.

[0047] Figure 3B A grid diagram illustrating a pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 3C A grid diagram illustrating another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0049] Figure 3DA grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0050] Figure 3E A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0051] Figure 4A A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0052] Figure 4B A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0053] Figure 4C A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0054] Figure 4D A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0055] Figure 4E A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0056] Figure 4F A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0057] Figure 4G A grid diagram illustrating yet another pilot transmission method provided in this application embodiment;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a channel estimation process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a superimposed pilot configuration process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in this application;

[0061] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another communication device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0063] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0064] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0065] The following section introduces the technical terms used in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of these embodiments. Specifically:

[0066] I. Pilot Information

[0067] Pilot information, also known as pilot signal, is a specially designed known signal. The transmitting device embeds the pilot signal when transmitting data to help the receiving device estimate the state and characteristics of the channel.

[0068] This pilot signal can be used for uplink and downlink synchronization: it helps the receiver determine the timing of the transmitter's signal transmission.

[0069] The pilot signal can be used for beam management: the receiver receives the pilot signal, calculates RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, and SNR, and uses them to find beams with good beam quality and determine the optimal beam pair between the transmitter and receiver.

[0070] The pilot signal can be used for channel estimation: the pilot signal is designed to be known in advance, and the receiving device can estimate the channel's gain, phase, and other characteristics by comparing the received pilot signal with the original signal.

[0071] The pilot signal can also be used for channel equalization: the receiving device can perform equalization operations based on the CSI obtained from channel estimation to compensate for the impact of the channel on the data information, thereby recovering the original transmitted data.

[0072] Common pilot signals include the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Synchronization Signal / PBCH Block (SSB), CSI-RS, PRS, and SRS. Among these, DMRS is a crucial reference signal used for uplink and downlink data demodulation during data transmission. DMRS helps receiving equipment perform channel estimation to obtain channel state information. The receiving equipment uses DMRS to demodulate the received signal to recover the original transmitted data. Due to multipath effects and fading in wireless channels, the received signal is affected to varying degrees. DMRS, as a known signal, helps the receiver accurately extract the transmitted data information from the received signal, reducing the bit error rate.

[0073] II. Delay-Doppler Domain

[0074] In a time-delay-Doppler domain, one dimension represents the time-delay domain, and the other dimension represents the Doppler domain. As an example, this time-delay-Doppler domain can be represented by an N*M 2D matrix. This time-delay-Doppler domain can be composed of N*M resource units, with one resource unit occupying one grid in the time-delay domain and one grid in the Doppler domain. One grid in the time-delay domain is a unit τ, where τ represents the interval of the signal in the time-delay domain. The unit is seconds. M is the number of time-delay grids. Δf is the subcarrier spacing of the frequency. Therefore, a time-delay grid represents the interval τ seconds from which one sample information is transmitted. Its physical meaning is that in the time-delay-Doppler domain, the time-delay interval of the two-dimensional channel is a grid unit τ seconds from which one sample information is transmitted. One grid in the Doppler domain is a Doppler domain unit v, where v represents the interval of the Doppler domain signal. The unit is Hertz (Hz). N is the number of Doppler grids. Its physical meaning is the two-dimensional channel exhibited in the time-delay-Doppler domain. One OTFS signal is sent every second, containing N*M samples.

[0075] In this context, the time-delay-Doppler domain and the time-frequency domain have a mapping relationship, for example, Figure 1BThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the mapping relationship between the delay-Doppler domain and the time-frequency domain in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1B As shown, the time delay domain can be mapped to the frequency domain, and the Doppler domain can be mapped to the time domain. Therefore, the time delay-Doppler domain signal in this embodiment can be converted into a time-frequency domain signal, and the time-frequency domain signal can also be converted into a time delay-Doppler domain signal. The physical meaning of any point in the time-frequency domain signal (e.g., (n, m)) is the signal in the nth frequency domain at the m-th unit time.

[0076] Optionally, the time-delay-Doppler domain and the time-frequency domain can be linked by a two-dimensional inverse symptotic Fourier transform / symptotic Fourier transform pair.

[0077] Alternatively, the time-delay-Doppler domain and the time-delay (TD) domain can be linked through the Zak transform.

[0078] III. Orthogonal Time-Frequency Air Conditioning System

[0079] Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space (OTFS) is a novel two-dimensional (2D) modulation technique that represents transmitted signals in the delay-Doppler domain. Compared to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), OTFS requires preprocessing of the signal in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. OTFS connects the DD domain and the time-frequency domain through a two-dimensional inverse symplectic Fourier transform / symplectic Fourier transform pair.

[0080] The OTFS transmission and reception process is as follows: First, the modulated symbols are transformed from the DD domain to the time-frequency domain using an inverse sine Fourier transform. Then, the time-frequency domain signal undergoes a Heisenberg transform to the time-delay domain. The time-delay domain signal is up-converted and transmitted from the air interface to the wireless channel. At the receiving end, the OTFS signal is received. It is down-converted, transformed to the time-frequency domain using a Wigner transform, and then transformed back to the DD domain using a sine Fourier transform.

[0081] In addition to the transformations between the TD domain and the time-frequency domain via the Heisenberg and Wigner transforms, the Zak transform can also be used to directly transform between the DD and TD domains.

[0082] OTFS is better suited for channel estimation of fast time-varying channels. The channel in OTFS is represented in the DD domain as a finite number of sparse multipaths, with the multipath coefficients changing slowly over time. This allows OTFS to estimate channel changes over a period of time without requiring a large number of pilots. In high-speed mobile scenarios, the channel changes even faster over time.

[0083] In the OTFS system, the transmitting device can perform time-delay-Doppler domain signal mapping on the data and pilot information, mapping the data and pilot information to the time-delay-Doppler domain, and then perform OTFS encoding to map the time-delay-Doppler domain signal to the time-frequency domain and TD domain. After that, it performs dimension transformation processing and generates baseband waveform processing. Finally, the modulated waveform is sent to the receiving device through a power amplifier.

[0084] When performing time-delay-Doppler domain signal mapping on data and pilot information, a protective region is typically designed around the resource unit mapping the pilot information. For example... Figure 1A As shown, Figure 1A Each square represents a delay-Doppler domain resource unit. A protective region is designed around the resource unit mapped by the pilot information to isolate the pilot information and the data information.

[0085] Because a protection zone needs to be reserved around the resource unit mapped by the pilot information, the pilot overhead is large and the efficiency of data transmission is low. Furthermore, in this reserved protection zone scheme, the DD domain pilot information and data information are usually orthogonal. That is, the pilot information uses a power different from the data information. To differentiate itself from the data information, the pilot information uses a higher power, but since the surrounding area is a zero-amplitude protection interval, a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem arises.

[0086] To address the issues of high pilot overhead, low data transmission efficiency, and high PAPR (Autocorrelation Rate), this application provides a pilot transmission method that superimposes pilot and data information. A resource unit within a DD (Distributed Domain) domain can map both pilot and data information. This eliminates the need for a reserved protection region for pilot information, reducing pilot overhead and improving data transmission efficiency. In this superposition method, to facilitate the separation of pilot and data information by the receiving device, the pilot information is designed to be determined by the cyclic shift of a PN (Peripheral Array) sequence, or the pilot information itself is a PN sequence. The autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence facilitate the separation of pilot and data information by the receiving device.

[0087] The network equipment involved in this application refers to equipment that can communicate with terminal equipment.

[0088] The terminal equipment involved in this application is an entity on the user side used to receive signals, or transmit signals, or both. The terminal equipment is used to provide users with one or more of voice services and data connectivity services. The terminal equipment can be a device that includes wireless transceiver capabilities and can cooperate with network equipment to provide communication services to users. Specifically, the terminal equipment can refer to: user equipment, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, user equipment, or roadside unit (RSU). User equipment can also be drones, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, stations (STs) in wireless local area networks (WLANs), cellular phones, smartphones, cordless phones, wireless data cards, tablets, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, laptop computers, machine type communication (MTC) terminals, handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices (also known as wearable smart devices), virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving vehicles, wireless terminals in smart grids, and transportation safety devices. Wireless terminals in smart cities, smart homes, etc., can be wireless terminals in 5G systems or next-generation communication systems; this application does not limit this.

[0089] The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the user equipment. The device used to implement the functions of the user equipment can be the user equipment itself, or it can be any device capable of supporting the user equipment in implementing the functions, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the user equipment or used in conjunction with the user equipment. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete components.

[0090] Network device: A network-side entity used to transmit or receive signals, or both. A network device can be a means deployed in a radio access network (RAN) to provide wireless communication capabilities to user equipment.

[0091] In one possible scenario, network equipment can be devices with base station functions, such as evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmitting and receiving points (TRPs), transmitting points (TPs), next-generation NodeBs (gNBs), next-generation base stations in 6G mobile communication systems, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, and non-terrestrial network equipment, i.e., equipment that can be deployed on high-altitude platforms or satellites. Network equipment can also be transmitting and receiving points (TRPs), base stations, and various forms of control nodes, such as network controllers and wireless controllers. Specifically, network equipment can be various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small cells) in heterogeneous network (HetNet) scenarios, relay stations, access points (APs), radio network controllers (RNCs), node Bs (NBs), base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), home base stations (e.g., home evolved node Bs, or home node Bs (HNBs)), baseband units (BBUs) and remote radio units (RRUs) in distributed base station scenarios, transmitting and receiving points (TRPs), transmitting points (TPs), mobile switching centers, etc., and can also be base station antenna panels. Control nodes can connect to multiple base stations and configure resources for multiple terminals covered by multiple base stations. In systems employing different wireless access technologies, the names of devices with base station functions may differ. For example, it could be a gNB in ​​5G, or a network-side device in a network after 5G, or a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN) network, or a device that performs base station functions in device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. This application does not limit the specific name of the network device.Network equipment can also be open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), baseband pool (BBU pool) and RRU under cloud radio access network (CRAN), etc.

[0092] In another possible scenario, multiple network devices collaborate to assist user equipment in achieving wireless access, with each network device performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, network devices may include a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs may be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). It is understood that network devices can be CU nodes, DU nodes, or devices comprising both CU and DU nodes. Furthermore, CUs can be classified as network devices in the access network (RAN) or the core network (CN), without limitation.

[0093] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0094] In this embodiment, the form of the network device is not limited. The device used to implement the function of the network device can be the network device itself, or it can be a device that supports the network device in implementing the function, such as a chip system. The device can be installed in the network device or used in conjunction with the network device.

[0095] For example, Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1C As shown, this application scenario can include a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting device can be any of the aforementioned network devices, and correspondingly, the receiving device can be any of the aforementioned terminal devices. The transmitting device sends a transmission signal to the receiving device using the signal processing method of this application. This transmission signal is obtained by processing a time-delay-Doppler domain signal. The receiving device receives the transmission signal and performs channel estimation based on the time-delay-Doppler signal and pilot sequence, thereby realizing communication between the transmitting and receiving devices. The transmitting device maps pilot information to a first resource unit in a first region of the time-delay-Doppler domain and maps data information to the first region to obtain a time-delay-Doppler domain signal. This allows for the superposition of pilot information and data information, eliminating the need to reserve a protection area for pilot information, reducing pilot overhead, and improving data transmission efficiency. For a detailed explanation, please refer to the explanation of the following embodiments.

[0096] In one possible embodiment, a system may support both OTFS and OFDM. OTFS and OFDM are used in different scenarios. OTFS is used in scenarios with high mobility and higher latency Doppler estimation accuracy requirements. OFDM is used in scenarios with low mobility and lower latency Doppler estimation accuracy requirements.

[0097] Optionally, OTFS and OFDM may coexist in two ways: an integrated OTFS / OFDM frame structure (OTFS and OFDM use the same OFDM modulation / antenna, and the receiver receives them simultaneously); and TDM / FDM multiplexing of OTFS and OFDM (using independent OFDM modulation / antenna for transmission and reception).

[0098] Optionally, in an integrated OTFS / OFDM frame structure, OTFS and OFDM can be transmitted and received simultaneously. For example, OTFS is used for precoding to preprocess pilot sequences. In multiplexing cases, OTFS and OFDM use independent resource mappings and are invisible to each other. For example, OTFS and OFDM may use different frequency bands for transmission, requiring the receiver to receive both signals separately.

[0099] Optionally, OTFS / OFDM can be applied to the following scenarios: joint communication and sensing, with OFDM used for communication and OTFS used for sensing; joint transmission of reliable and high-bandwidth services, with OTFS used for high-reliability services and OFDM used for high-bandwidth, low-latency services.

[0100] For example, Figure 1D A schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1DAs shown, this application scenario is illustrated using one base station (BS) and three user units (UEs). Specifically, in this application, Figure 1D BS in the middle can be regarded as Figure 1C The transmitting device in the middle, the UE can be regarded as Figure 1C The receiving devices in the system are UE1, UE2, and UE3.

[0101] Optionally, the BS supports OTFS and OFDM waveforms. The BS can, for example... Figure 1D As shown, it simultaneously serves OFDM users, OTFS / OFDM integrated frame users, and OTFS users. The served cells include: UEs using OFDM waveform communication and UEs using OTFS waveform communication and / or sensing.

[0102] Optionally, the BS and the UE that supports OTFS waveforms can communicate and / or sense using the default OTFS frame structure.

[0103] Optionally, the BS and UE use OFDM or OTFS waveforms for initial access, including downlink synchronization and uplink random access. Both the BS and UE support OTFS waveforms. Based on the perceived Doppler offset and delay offset of the UE and / or the transmission quality requirements of the service, the BS switches to OTFS waveforms. The waveform switching can be completed via control signaling. The decision to switch can be based on the BS's sensing results, the UE's Channel State Information (CSI) reported information, or the UE's historical Hybrid Auto-Request (HARQ) information.

[0104] Optionally, the sensing waveform can be a linear frequency modulation (LFM) wave, an OFDM signal, a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), an OFDM-based reference signal such as a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SSB), or a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), etc., and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0105] Optionally, OTFS signals and OFDM signals can be transmitted using orthogonal resources. That is, OTFS signals and OFDM signals can be transmitted using space division, time division, code division, and frequency division resources.

[0106] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 2The pilot transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application will be further described. It is understood that this application uses a transmitting device and a receiving device as examples to illustrate the interaction, but it does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the transmitting device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the transmitting device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the transmitting device; similarly, the method executed by the receiving device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the receiving device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the receiving device. Wherein:

[0107] 201. The transmitting device determines the pilot information, which is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence.

[0108] Optionally, the pilot information can be used for channel estimation; for example, the pilot information can specifically be DMRS.

[0109] Optionally, the pilot information can be preset or configured by the network device, and can be flexibly set according to requirements. For example, for uplink transmission, the transmitting device can be a terminal device, and the pilot information determined by the terminal device can be preset or configured by the network device.

[0110] Optionally, the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence. The PN sequence includes, but is not limited to, the following sequences: m sequence, ZC sequence, and Gold sequence.

[0111] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is generated by modulating a PN sequence with BPSK, QPSK, or PSK.

[0112] Optionally, the initialization of the PN sequence is related to one or more of the following: C-RNTI / MCS-RNTI / CS-RNTI / Cell ID / Primary Cell ID (PCID) / Secondary Cell ID (SCID) / Slot Index / Symbol Index / TTI Index / OTFS Frame Structure Type / Maximum Delay Doppler Offset / Subcarrier Spacing.

[0113] 202. The transmitting device maps pilot information to the first resource unit of the first region in the time-delay-Doppler domain and maps data information to the first region to obtain a time-delay-Doppler domain signal. The first resource unit carries the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information.

[0114] Optionally, the data information and pilot information in the first resource element may be non-orthogonal.

[0115] Optionally, the data information and pilot information in the first resource element may be orthogonal.

[0116] Optionally, the first resource element is a Delay Doppler Resource Element (DDRE) mapped with pilot information and data information. A DDRE is a grid in the delay-Doppler domain. That is, one first resource element corresponds to one grid.

[0117] Optionally, the first region is a region where pilot information may exist in the delay-Doppler domain. The first region may be one DDRB, or the first region is multiple DDRBs, and the multiple DDRBs are continuous in both the delay domain and the Doppler domain. The first region may be a rectangular region. The first region is composed of multiple Delay Doppler Resource Blocks (DDRBs). One DDRB includes multiple DDREs, so the first region also includes multiple DDREs.

[0118] Optionally, the starting position of the starting DDRB (the first DDRB) configured in the delay-Doppler domain is (q0, q1), where 0 ≤ q0 < M and 0 ≤ q1 < N. Here, M and N are the ranges of the delay-Doppler domain resource grid, and M and N may be the delay-Doppler domain resource ranges configured by the network device for the UE. The delay domain lasts for y0 DDRBs, and the Doppler domain lasts for x0 DDRBs. The height of the first region is x0 × M0, and the width of the first region is y0 × N0. Here, 0 ≤ q0 + x0 × M0 < M - 1 and 0 ≤ q1 + x0 × N0 < N - 1.

[0119] Exemplarily, as Figure 3A shown, the first region includes 2 * 5 DDRBs that are continuous in the delay domain and the Doppler domain, and the starting position of the first region is (q0, q1) at the lower left corner. The DDRB at the lower left corner is also called the starting DDRB. Figure 3A In it, y0 is 2 and x0 is 5.

[0120] Optionally, as Figure 3A shown, the first region is Figure 3A any one of the DDRBs in, or the first region is the first DDRB in Figure 3A and the first DDRB is the DDRB at the lower left corner.

[0121] This application proposes two pilot transmission schemes based on different methods of determining pilot information (pilot information is determined by a sequence obtained after different cyclic shifts of a PN sequence, or the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence): an equal-interval transmission scheme and a continuous pilot transmission scheme. The two different pilot transmission schemes are described below:

[0122] Option 1: Equal-interval transmission scheme

[0123] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the first region includes a plurality of first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0124] Optionally, the pilot information is determined based on the sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain and equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0125] Optionally, the pilot information employs an equally spaced mapping method, with different Doppler domains or time delay domains representing different cyclic shifts of the same PN sequence. The interval between the first resource units of the pilot information mapping is related to the cyclic shift. The setting of the cyclic shift is related to the maximum time delay and the maximum Doppler offset.

[0126] Optionally, the pilot information is cyclically shifted by x DDREs in both the time delay domain and the Doppler domain. The value of x satisfies x≥2max{2l max -y1,k max -x1}. Where x1 and y1 are the intervals between adjacent cyclically shifted PN sequences in the time delay domain and Doppler domain, respectively. x1 is the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the time delay domain, and y1 is the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain. The range of the channel's time delay and Doppler spread is: (0, τ) max ),(-v max ,v max ), where v mpx For the maximum Doppler extension, τ max For maximum delay spread. max =ceil(v max / v) is the index of the maximum Doppler spread mapped to the corresponding Doppler domain raster, k max =ceil(τ max / τ) is the index of the maximum delay spread mapped to the corresponding delay domain raster.

[0127] Optionally, the ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0128] Optionally, the intervals between multiple first resource units in the delay domain and Doppler domain can be proportional to the maximum delay and maximum Doppler expansion.

[0129] Optional, x1, y1: x1 = αk max ,y1=4βl max This represents the interval of the DD field. As one possible implementation, α and β take fixed values, such as α, β ∈ [1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4], and their specific values ​​are not restricted.

[0130] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0131] (1) The result obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource unit of different time delay domains in the first region.

[0132] Optionally, the pilot information obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource unit of different time delay domains in the first region, and the pilot information mapped in the first resource unit of the same time delay domain is obtained by performing the same cyclic shift on the PN sequence.

[0133] For example, such as Figure 3B As shown in Figure 3-1, this diagram illustrates the configuration of a DDRB, specifically the distribution of the first resource units (RLUs) within a DDRB. Each small square in Figure 3-1 represents a DDRE. In Figure 3-1, the pilot information within the RLUs of the same delay domain (same row) is obtained by performing the same cyclic shift on the PN sequence. For example, the pilot information in the RLUs of the third row from the top is obtained by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by 0 bits, the RLUs of the sixth row by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by 1 bit, and the RLUs of the ninth row by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by cyclically shifting it by 2 bits. All three RLUs in any row are mapped to the same complete cyclically shifted PN sequence.

[0134] Optionally, the sequences mapped from multiple first resource units in any row can be combined to form a complete cyclically shifted PN sequence. The complete PN sequence is then mapped one by one to the first resource units in the same row. Alternatively, the complete PN sequence can be mapped one by one to the corresponding multiple first resource units on the same delay domain raster.

[0135] For example, such as Figure 3A As shown in Figure 3-1, the modulated signal generated by the PN sequence with a cyclic shift of 1 is mapped onto the three first resource units in the third row from top to bottom.

[0136] The generation and mapping of pilot information under this method (1) will be introduced below. In order to facilitate the understanding of the generation and mapping of pilot information, the relevant parameters will be introduced first:

[0137] N v1 : Represents the number of first resource units (in one DDRB) of a PN sequence (or the result of a cyclic shift of a PN sequence) mapped onto the Doppler domain corresponding to a time delay grid, or the dimension of a PN sequence in the Doppler domain, or the horizontal dimension of the pilot information.

[0138] N τ1 : Represents the number of multiple PN sequences (or the result of cyclically shifting PN sequences) that make up the pilot information. Since in mode (1), the results of cyclically shifting different PN sequences are mapped to different rows, it can also be said that N τ1 This indicates the number of rows occupied in DDRB, or the dimension of the pilot information in the delay domain, or the dimension of the pilot information in the vertical direction.

[0139] For example, suppose the pilot information is Where [0 1 1] is the PN sequence, and [1 1 0] is the cyclically shifted PN sequence, the pilot information is composed of the PN sequence and the cyclically shifted PN sequence. In this example, N v1 For 3, N τ1 The value is 2. [1 1 0] is mapped one by one to the three first resource units in the second row, and [1 1 0] is mapped one by one to the three first resource units in the sixth row.

[0140] Optionally, the PN sequence can be denoted as P0. N va =floor(M0 / x1)×x0.

[0141] Where M0 represents the grid occupied by one DDRB in the Doppler domain, see [reference needed]. Figure 3A As shown. x0 represents the number of times DDRB persists in the Doppler domain, which can also be found in [reference]. Figure 3AAs shown. x1 represents the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain, which can be found in [reference]. Figure 3B As shown in 3-1.

[0142] In one possible embodiment, the cyclically shifted PN sequence is represented as: P i =circ(P i-1 ,x,Option),i=0,1,...,N τ1 -1. Where Option = 0 indicates that this method (1) is used, i represents the value of the cyclic shift, for example, i = 1, P1 represents the result of the PN sequence after cyclic shifting by 1 bit.

[0143] In one possible embodiment, the generated complete sequence information is denoted as r(n), n = 0, 1, ..., W-1, where W = N. v1 ×N τ1 .

[0144] (2) The pilot information obtained based on the results of different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource unit of different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0145] Optionally, the pilot information obtained based on the results of different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource cells of different Doppler domains in the first region, and the pilot information mapped in the first resource cells of the same Doppler domain is obtained based on the results of the same cyclic shift of the PN sequence.

[0146] For example, such as Figure 3B As shown in Figure 3-2, this figure illustrates the configuration of a DDRB, specifically the distribution of the first resource units within a DDRB. Each small square in Figure 3-2 represents a DDRE. In Figure 3-2, the pilot information in the first resource units within the same Doppler domain (same column) is obtained by performing the same cyclic shift on the PN sequence. For example, the pilot information in the first resource units of the second column from left to right is obtained by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by 0 bits, the pilot information in the first resource units of the eighth column is obtained by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by 1 bit, and the pilot information in the first resource units of the fourteenth column is obtained by cyclically shifting the PN sequence by 2 bits.

[0147] Optionally, the sequences mapped from multiple first resource cells in any column can be combined to form a complete cyclically shifted PN sequence. The complete PN sequence is then mapped one by one to the first resource cells in the same column. Alternatively, the complete PN sequence can be mapped one by one to the corresponding multiple first resource cells on the same Doppler raster.

[0148] For example, such as Figure 3BAs shown in Figure 3-2, the modulated signal generated by the PN sequence with a cyclic shift of 1 is mapped to the three first resource units in the second row from left to right.

[0149] The generation and mapping of pilot information under this method (2) will be introduced below. In order to facilitate the understanding of the generation and mapping of pilot information, the relevant parameters will be introduced first:

[0150] N τ2 : Represents the number of first resource units (in one DDRB) of a PN sequence (or the result of a PN sequence after cyclic shift) mapped onto the time delay domain corresponding to a Doppler grid, or in other words, the dimension of a PN sequence in the time delay domain, or the vertical dimension of the pilot information.

[0151] N v2 : Represents the number of multiple PN sequences (or the result of cyclically shifting PN sequences) that make up the pilot information. Since in mode (2), the results of cyclically shifting different PN sequences are mapped to different columns, it can also be said that N v2 This indicates the number of columns occupied in DDRB, or the dimension of the pilot information in the Doppler domain, or the dimension of the pilot information in the horizontal direction.

[0152] Optionally, the PN sequence can be denoted as P0. N τ2 =floor(N0 / y1)×y0.

[0153] Where N0 represents the grid occupied by a DDRB in the latency domain, see [reference needed]. Figure 3A As shown. y0 indicates the number of consecutive DDRB cycles in the latency domain, which can also be found in [reference]. Figure 3A As shown. y1 represents the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the time delay domain, which can be found in [reference]. Figure 3B As shown in 3-1.

[0154] In one possible embodiment, the cyclically shifted PN sequence is represented as: P i =circ(P i-1 ,x,Option),i=0,1,...,N v2 -1. Where Option=1 indicates that this method (2) is used, and i represents the value of the cyclic shift. For example, i=1, P1 represents the result of the PN sequence after cyclic shifting by 1 bit.

[0155] In one possible embodiment, the generated complete sequence information is denoted as r(n), n = 0, 1, ..., W-1, where W = N. τ2 ×N v2 .

[0156] Optionally, if the horizontal dimension of the pilot information is greater than the vertical dimension, the pilot information obtained based on the results of different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource units of different Doppler domains in the first region, and the pilot information mapped in the first resource unit of the same Doppler domain is obtained based on the results of the same cyclic shift of the PN sequence. That is, method (1) is adopted.

[0157] For example, if the pilot information is a 3*2 matrix, then method (1) is used.

[0158] Optionally, if the vertical dimension of the pilot information is greater than the horizontal dimension, the pilot information obtained by performing different cyclic shifts based on the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource unit of different time delay domains in the first region, and the pilot information mapped in the first resource unit of the same time delay domain is obtained by performing the same cyclic shift based on the PN sequence. That is, method (2) is adopted.

[0159] For example, if the pilot information is a 5*6 matrix, then method (2) is used.

[0160] Optionally, by default, pilot information obtained from different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence is mapped to the first resource cells of different Doppler domains in the first region, and the pilot information mapped in the first resource cells of the same Doppler domain is obtained from the same cyclic shift of the PN sequence.

[0161] In summary, such as Figure 3B As shown in 3-1, assuming the first region has only this one DDRB as shown in 3-1, the complete pilot information is obtained from... Figure 3B The mapping in 3-1 consists of the PN sequence and the result of cyclic shifting of the PN sequence in the nine first resource units.

[0162] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain and offset in the Doppler domain.

[0163] In this embodiment, the first resource units in each row are equally spaced, but there may be an offset in the Doppler domain between the first resources of adjacent rows.

[0164] For example, such as Figure 3CAs shown in Figure 3-3, the three first resources in each row are equally spaced, but different rows are offset in the Doppler domain. For example, the third row from top to bottom starts from the second grid cell in the Doppler domain, but the sixth row starts from the third grid cell in the Doppler domain. The sixth row is offset one grid cell to the right in the Doppler domain compared to the third row. Similarly, the ninth row is offset one grid cell to the right in the Doppler domain compared to the sixth row.

[0165] Optionally, the pilot information is determined based on the sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are equally spaced in the Doppler domain and offset in the time delay domain.

[0166] In this embodiment, the first resource units in each column are equally spaced, but there may be a time delay offset between the first resources in adjacent columns.

[0167] For example, such as Figure 3C As shown in Figure 3-4, the three first resources in each column are equally spaced, but different columns are offset in the latency domain. For example, from left to right, the second row is offset upwards by one grid cell relative to the eighth row in the latency domain. Similarly, the eighth row is offset downwards by two grid cells relative to the fourteenth row in the latency domain.

[0168] Figure 3C Although the first resource unit distribution patterns of the two DDRBs shown are not equally spaced in both the delay domain and the Doppler domain, they are still uniformly distributed overall. Therefore, the pilot overhead can still be low. Furthermore, since there are still gaps between the first resource units where each pilot information is located, it is also convenient for the receiving device to eliminate interference.

[0169] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain and offset in the Doppler domain, or have no offset in the Doppler domain.

[0170] For example, such as Figure 3C As shown in 3-3, it is assumed that the sixth row from top to bottom is shifted one grid cell to the right in the Doppler domain compared to the third row, but the ninth row may not be shifted in the Doppler domain compared to the sixth row.

[0171] Optionally, the pilot information is determined based on the sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, and the multiple first resource units are offset in the Doppler domain, or there is no offset in the Doppler domain.

[0172] For example, such as Figure 3CAs shown in 3-4, assuming from left to right, the second row is shifted upwards by one grid cell relative to the eighth row in the time delay domain, but the eighth row may not be shifted relative to the fourteenth row in the time delay domain.

[0173] Optionally, the offset values ​​of the PN sequence using different cyclic shifts are related to one or more of the following: the maximum time delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the time delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

[0174] The above Figure 3B The pilot information shown is for the case where the receiving device has only one port. For receiving devices with multiple ports, the pilot transmission method provided in this application also supports multi-port multiplexing. The following is a further description of multi-port multiplexing:

[0175] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0176] Optionally, the multiple first resource units mapped by the pilot information corresponding to the same port are equally spaced in the time delay domain and equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0177] Optionally, the pilot information corresponding to different ports is configured using DDRB as the first resource unit pattern. Pilot information corresponding to multiple ports is mapped to the same location in DDRB.

[0178] For example, such as Figure 3D As shown, Figure 3D This represents the first resource unit pattern distributed within a DDRB. If there are multiple DDRBs in the first region, their first resource unit patterns are identical. Each DDRB contains pilot information corresponding to four ports.

[0179] Because the DDRB in the first region is continuous (e.g. Figure 3A As described in the introduction, the DDRBs can be considered to be equally spaced (with a spacing of 0). Therefore, in the entire first region, the first resource units mapped by the pilot information of the same port are equally spaced in the delay domain and equally spaced in the Doppler domain. In the first region, the first resource units can also be considered to be uniformly distributed.

[0180] Optionally, the resource mapping of pilot information under multi-port multiplexing satisfies the following formula:

[0181]

[0182] Where, βp : Indicates the pilot power configuration. The pilot power can be configured to be 3dB or 6dB as the ratio of pilot power to data symbol power (pilot-data power ratio). Since superimposed pilot transmission requires constraining the transmit power, the pilot power in the first resource unit (superimposed pilot transmission DDRE) can use a pilot-data power ratio of 6dB or higher to ensure demodulation performance.

[0183] Optionally, the power configuration of the superimposed pilots can be configured using AI / ML algorithms, employing differentiated pilot and data power ratios for different DDREs.

[0184] Δ0, Δ1: These represent the offsets of the starting positions of the time-delay domain and Doppler domain sequences of different PN sequences (results after different cyclic shifts) in the first DDRB compared to the origin (the minimum time delay of the DDRB and the index of the Doppler grid). 0≤Δ0≤x1-1, 0≤Δ1≤y1-1.

[0185] r(n): Represents the generated pilot information. n = N option n+k′。 N option This indicates the dimension of the pilot information.

[0186] n,k′: Represents the position of the pilot signal in the sequence. n=0,1,...,W / N option -1,k′=0,1,...,N option -1

[0187] OCC(Δ0,Δ1): Indicates the code division multiplexing used.

[0188] Optionally, in multi-port multiplexing, the pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing. For example, if Δ0 and Δ1 are the same for port 1 and port 2, the pilot information corresponding to port 1 and the port information corresponding to port 2 are multiplexed using code division.

[0189] This indicates the location of the first resource unit. Where k = n × x1 + Δ0, l = k′ × y1 + Δ1.

[0190] The following sections describe two multi-port multiplexing methods: mapping pilot information corresponding to different ports to different first resource units in the first region, and mapping pilot information corresponding to different ports to the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0191] The pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the first region: that is, different ports use different Δ0 and Δ1. Taking two ports as an example, port 1 and port 2, port 1 is represented by p0 and port 2 is represented by p1. Where a and b are integers greater than 0, and If the two ports are equally spaced,

[0192] Pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped using code division multiplexing into the same first resource unit in the first region: see [link to relevant documentation] Figure 3E As shown, Figure 3E The first resource unit pattern is distributed within a DDRB. If there are multiple DDRBs in the first region, their first resource unit patterns are identical. Taking two ports, port 1 and port 2, as an example, ports 1 and 2 use the same DDRE. The pilot information corresponding to port 1 and port 2 is mapped to the same first resource unit. This mapping uses different OCC sequences for adjacent first resource units of the pilot information of the two ports. For example, port 1 uses {1,1}, and port 2 uses {1,-1}. This allows multiple resource sets to be configured for a single port, resulting in higher pilot density.

[0193] Because the DDRB in the first region is continuous (e.g. Figure 3A As described in the introduction, the DDRBs can be considered to be equally spaced (with a spacing of 0). Therefore, in the entire first region, the first resource units mapped by the pilot information in the case of code division multiplexing are equally spaced in the delay domain and equally spaced in the Doppler domain. In the first region, the first resource units can also be considered to be uniformly distributed.

[0194] Based on this scheme, the first resource unit is distributed as evenly as possible in the first region. Even distribution in the first region can reduce pilot overhead.

[0195] Option 2: Continuous Transmission Scheme

[0196] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is a PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or multiple first resource units are first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0197] Optionally, pilot information is mapped onto all time-delay gratings corresponding to a Doppler domain grating. The first resource element is all resource elements within the same Doppler domain of the first region. For example, the first resource element is... Figure 4A All resource units in the first column of the grid.

[0198] Optionally, pilot information is mapped onto all time-delay gratings corresponding to a Doppler domain grating. The first resource element is a subset of resource elements within the same Doppler domain of the first region. For example, the first resource element is... Figure 4AResource cells in the first column of the medium grid, excluding the resource cell in the bottom left corner.

[0199] Optionally, the PN sequence can be denoted as P0. The PN sequence is a one-dimensional sequence mapped to a corresponding resource cell on a Doppler raster. N1 represents the length of the pilot sequence, with a maximum of N1 = x0M0.

[0200] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in first resource units in different Doppler domains.

[0201] Optionally, the spacing between Doppler domains mapped to pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum time delay spread.

[0202] Optionally, pilot information supports repeated mapping, allowing for higher pilot density. When P0 is repeatedly mapped to N2≥1 sets of Doppler domain gratings: the interval between two adjacent sets of Doppler domain gratings is greater than or equal to 4v. max For a given value, different Doppler domain rasteres reuse the same PN sequence, i.e.: P i =P0, P i Represents the PN sequence of the multiplexed Doppler domain raster, 0 <i<N2-1。

[0203] Optionally, r(n) is the generated complete pilot information, where n = 0, 1, ..., N1-1. r(n) is the sequence read by P0 one by one.

[0204] For example, such as Figure 4B As shown, the pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in the first resource unit in the first column and the sixth column.

[0205] Optionally, the repetition can be repeated multiple times, not limited to the above. Figure 4B The pilot information is repeated twice in the following text. For ease of description, N2 will be used to represent the number of times the pilot information of a port is repeated. Figure 4B In this case, N2 is 2.

[0206] Optionally, the pilot information corresponding to a port is configured using DDRB as the configuration unit of the pilot pattern. This includes some or all of the DDRE configured in the first region.

[0207] For example, such as Figure 4A and Figure 4B All of these are distribution patterns of the first resource unit in a DDRB.

[0208] In one possible embodiment, the plurality of first resource units are first resource units in different Doppler domains of the first region.

[0209] Optionally, multiple first resource units are evenly distributed in adjacent Doppler domains. This even distribution can be achieved in two ways: one is that two adjacent first resource units are distributed in two adjacent Doppler domains, for example... Figure 4C As shown in Figure 4-1, the first resource unit from top to bottom is located in the first column from left to right, and the second resource unit is located in the second column. The first, third, fifth, and seventh resource units are located in the first column from left to right, and the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth resource units are located in the second column from left to right.

[0210] Or, such as Figure 4C As shown in Figure 4-2, the first to fifth first resource units from top to bottom are located in the first column from left to right, and the sixth to tenth first resource units from top to bottom are located in the second column from left to right.

[0211] In one possible embodiment, if it is a repeated transmission, the repeated first resource units are first resource units in different Doppler domains of the first region. For example, as shown in 4-1, the repeated pilot information is mapped in the sixth and seventh columns from left to right in a uniform and continuous distribution manner as shown in 4-1.

[0212] Alternatively, the repeated pilot information is mapped in a 4-2 uniform and continuous distribution in the sixth and seventh columns from left to right.

[0213] The above Figure 4A and Figure 4B The pilot information shown is for the case where the receiving device has only one port. For receiving devices with multiple ports, the pilot transmission method provided in this application also supports multi-port multiplexing. The following is a further description of multi-port multiplexing:

[0214] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in a first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

[0215] Optionally, the pilot information corresponding to different ports is configured using DDRB as the configuration unit for the pilot pattern. This includes some or all of the DDRE configured in the first region.

[0216] Optionally, the pilot information corresponding to the same port can be mapped at equal intervals in the time delay domain.

[0217] For example, such as Figure 4DAs shown, the pilot information corresponding to Port 1 and Port 2 is mapped to all resource units in the first column of DDRB. The pilot information corresponding to Port 1 is mapped at equal intervals with an interval of one resource unit, mapped to the first resource unit, the third resource unit, the fifth resource unit in the first column, and so on. Similarly, the pilot information corresponding to Port 2 is mapped at equal intervals with an interval of one resource unit, mapped to the second resource unit, the fourth resource unit, the sixth resource unit in the first column, and so on.

[0218] Optionally, in the scenario of multi-port multiplexing, reference can also be made to Figure 4C the method of uniformly continuous distribution shown for mapping pilot information.

[0219] Exemplarily, in a manner similar to 4-1, the pilot information corresponding to Port 1 is mapped to the first column from left to right, and the pilot information corresponding to Port 2 is mapped to the second column from left to right.

[0220] Or, in a manner similar to 4-2, a part of the pilot information corresponding to Port 1 and the pilot information corresponding to Port 2 is mapped to the upper half of the time-delay domain from top to bottom in the first column, and another part of the pilot information corresponding to Port 1 and the pilot information corresponding to Port 2 is mapped to the lower half of the time-delay domain from top to bottom in the first column.

[0221] Optionally, under multi-port multiplexing, the pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in the first resource unit in different Doppler domains.

[0222] Optionally, the interval between Doppler domains mapped with the pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum delay spread.

[0223] Optionally, the pilot information supports repeated mapping, enabling a higher pilot density.

[0224] Optionally, the resource mapping of the pilot information under multi-port multiplexing satisfies the following formula two:

[0225]

[0226] Where r(N1n + k′): represents the pilot information, n = 0, 1, 2,..., k′ = 0, 1,..., N2 - 1. N2 represents the repetition times of the PN sequence. For example, a pilot information includes a PN sequence repeated twice, and N2 is 2.

[0227] OCC(k′, l): represents the code division multiplexing in the time-delay domain and the Doppler domain. 0 ≤ l′ < N3 represents the occupied continuous Doppler domain grid index, which is related to the number of grids corresponding to the maximum Doppler shift. For example, 1 ≤ N3 ≤ floor(l maxThe number of consecutive Doppler domain grids occupied is indicated by ). When multi-port pilot information is mapped to the same pilot DDRB, existing data can be reused except by using different DDREs and different CDM groups to avoid interference from different pilots.

[0228] β p : Represents the power scaling factor. The setting is related to link quality. When the link quality of the channel is poor, such as RSRP or SINR being below the threshold, a larger value is used, for example, a larger pilot and data power ratio is used.

[0229] Optional, β p AI algorithms can be used to design DDREs with different mappings, or fixed orders can be used, such as 3dB or 6dB pilot and data power ratios.

[0230] The value represents the position of the DDRE corresponding to the PN sequence mapping. k = a1n + k′ + Δ0, where Δ0 = 0, 1, ..., a1-1 represents the offset value relative to the start position of the delay domain within DDRB. The position of the Doppler domain corresponding to the DDRE of the PN sequence mapping is represented by l = l0 + l′ + 4i × l. max ,0≤i <N2。

[0231] Optionally, the repeating PN sequence is located in the Doppler domain, with adjacent Doppler domain grids of 4×1. max Integer multiples of.

[0232] a1: Represents the density of pilot frequencies.

[0233] Optionally, a1 can be associated with the number of ports. For example, a1 is equal to the number of antenna ports P, in which case the pilot ratio of each port is 1 / a1.

[0234] Optionally, a1 can be related to the maximum delay spread τ. max Inversely proportional, a1 = floor(C × M1 / k) max ), where C≥1 is a given integer.

[0235] Optionally, a1 can be used when the number of ports is less than floor(τ). max When / M / Δf), define a1 = P; when the number of ports is greater than floor(k) max When N3 ≥ 1 Doppler domain grid, multi-port pilots are configured, and each Doppler domain grid supports a1 = P / N3 ≤ floor(k max The pilot signals for 1,000 equally spaced antenna ports. Where N3 represents the number of supported consecutive Doppler domain grids, and N2 is an integer multiple of N3.

[0236] Optionally, when a1 = P, the pilot DDRE can be reused using OCC. For example, with kmax ×N3 is the CDM group, using orthogonal codewords. N3 represents the number of supported consecutive Doppler domain grids.

[0237] Optionally, a1 can be used when the number of ports is less than floor(k). max When the number of ports is greater than floor(k), define a1 = P; when the number of ports is greater than floor(k) max When N2 ≥ 1 Doppler domain grid, multi-port pilots are configured, and each Doppler domain grid supports a1 = P / N2 ≤ floor(k max Pilot signals for 1,000 equally spaced antenna ports.

[0238] To better understand the multi-port multiplexing under this second scheme, the following will provide a specific example. Figure 4E , Figure 4F as well as Figure 4G Further examples will be provided.

[0239] First, please see Figure 4E As shown, Figure 4E The number of repetitions is 2, N2 = 2. Figure 4E This is the distribution pattern of the first resource unit of a DDRB, containing pilot information corresponding to three ports. Figure 4E Below, a1 can be compared with the maximum delay spread τ max Inversely proportional, a1 = floor(C × M1 / k) max ), where C≥1 is a given integer.

[0240] Please see Figure 4F As shown, Figure 4F The number of repetitions is 1, N2 = 1. Figure 4F This is the first resource unit distribution pattern of a DDRB, containing pilot information corresponding to six ports. Figure 4F Under these conditions, a1 can be used when the number of ports is less than floor(k). max When the number of ports is greater than floor(k), define a1 = P; when the number of ports is greater than floor(k) max When N2 ≥ 1 Doppler domain grid, multi-port pilots are configured, and each Doppler domain grid supports a1 = P / N2 ≤ floor(k max Pilot signals for 1,000 equally spaced antenna ports.

[0241] Please see Figure 4G As shown, Figure 4G The number of repetitions is 2, N2 = 2. Figure 4G This is the first resource unit distribution pattern of a DDRB, containing pilot information corresponding to six ports. Figure 4G Below, N3 = 2, a1 = 3.

[0242] Based on this second scheme, the number of pilots in the first region is increased, which is beneficial for the receiving equipment to improve the channel estimation accuracy.

[0243] 203. The transmitting device transmits a first signal, which is obtained by processing the time-delay-Doppler domain signal. Correspondingly, the receiving device receives the first signal.

[0244] 204. The receiving device performs channel estimation based on pilot information.

[0245] Optionally, the receiving device determines the location of the first path, which is determined based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence, or based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the sequence obtained after different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence; based on the first path, the pilot information and data information are separated.

[0246] Optionally, the receiving device processes the first channel in the time-delay-Doppler domain to separate pilot information and data information.

[0247] Optionally, in the Doppler domain dimension, the receiving device detects the time delay and Doppler domain offsets corresponding to the positions with the largest amplitudes in both the Doppler and time delay domains based on autocorrelation. The positions of possible paths are then determined based on the combination of these two dimensions. The receiving device then identifies the path based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence.

[0248] Optionally, the receiving device removes the received signals at other pilot positions within a first range centered on each pilot; the receiving device calculates the channel coefficients using LS based on the removed signals; the receiving device separates the pilot information and data information based on the channel coefficients, and performs equalization on the separated data signals to recover the data signals transmitted by the transmitting device.

[0249] Optionally, the first range is 8k. max ×l max .

[0250] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, the input Y is the result of mapping the first signal to the time-delay-Doppler domain. Channel estimation (including path identification) is performed on the input Y in the time-delay-Doppler domain to obtain channel coefficients. The receiving device separates pilot information and data information based on the channel coefficients. The receiving device equalizes the separated pilot information and data. The receiving device determines the data information from the input Y based on the pilot information.

[0251] For example, the transmitting device maps pilot information and data information into a first resource unit in the time-delay-Doppler model, and the distribution of the first resource unit can be referred to the above. Figure 3D As shown, Figure 3DThe black portion in the middle represents the first resource unit, which maps both pilot information and data information. Figure 3D The white portion in the image only maps data information.

[0252] After mapping, the transmitting device performs OTFS encoding on the time-delay-Doppler domain signal to obtain an equivalent time-frequency domain signal. The transmitting device then performs further time-domain signal generation and waveform modulation on the OTFS-encoded signal according to the waveform selection, obtaining a first signal, which is then transmitted through the antenna port. For example, a dimensional transformation is performed on the OTFS-encoded signal. Specifically, after OTFS encoding, a two-dimensional time-frequency domain signal of dimension M*N is obtained. The frequency domain signals of each unit time in this M*N time-frequency domain signal are arranged sequentially to generate the time-domain signal before waveform modulation. The modulation module performs waveform modulation to generate a baseband waveform. This baseband waveform is then amplified by a power amplifier and transmitted through the antenna port, thus transmitting the first signal.

[0253] The receiving device receives the first signal and performs demodulation, dimension transformation, OTFS decoding, and other processing on it to obtain the time-delay-Doppler domain signal. In other words, the receiving device converts the first signal into the time-delay-Doppler domain.

[0254] The receiving device performs path identification based on the autocorrelation of the PN sequence (or a cyclically shifted PN sequence) agreed upon by the receiving and transmitting devices. For example, assuming the PN sequence agreed upon by the receiving and transmitting devices is PN sequence 1, which is a PN sequence with a cyclic shift of 1, since PN sequence 1 is only autocorrelated with PN sequences that also have a cyclic shift of 1, the receiving device can perform path identification in the time-delay-Doppler domain and determine the location of possible paths.

[0255] During the first iteration, the receiving device centers on any first resource unit, 8k max ×l max To define a range, the data information corresponding to other pilots within that range is removed, so that only one first resource unit remains in that first resource unit. For example, Figure 3DIn the first method, taking the top-left first resource unit as the center, all first resource units in the entire DD domain except for that top-left first resource unit are removed, leaving only that top-left first resource unit in the DD domain. Alternatively, taking the top-left first resource unit as the center, all first resource units in the first region except for that top-left first resource unit are removed, leaving only that top-left first resource unit in the first region. Or, taking the top-left first resource unit as the center, all first resource units in the DDRB containing that top-left first resource unit except for that top-left first resource unit are removed, leaving only that top-left first resource unit in the DDRB.

[0256] The receiving device uses LS to calculate the channel coefficients, thereby performing a rough separation of the pilot information and data information in the first resource unit in the upper left corner; then, it estimates the data information based on channel equalization.

[0257] Optionally, the receiving device repeatedly determines the data information corresponding to the pilot information in each first resource unit, with each first resource unit as the center.

[0258] For example, suppose there are three first resource units (in reality, there are far more than three first resource units; for the sake of illustration, this application uses only three as an example): first resource unit 1, first resource unit 2, and first resource unit 3.

[0259] Among them, the first resource unit 1 is mapped with pilot information 1 and data information 1, the first resource unit 2 is mapped with pilot information 2 and data information 2, and the first resource unit 3 is mapped with pilot information 3 and data information 3.

[0260] Centered on resource units 1, 2, and 3 respectively, the corresponding data information for each resource unit is determined. Assuming that data information 1 mapped to resource unit 1 corresponds to pilot information 1, since this data information 1 is already known, in the second iteration, data information 1 is removed from resource unit 1, leaving only pilot information 1. This pilot information 1 is then used for channel estimation. This process continues until the obtained data information converges. The same logic applies to resource units 2 and 3.

[0261] Alternatively, the data information 1 mapped to the first resource unit 1 may be the data information corresponding to the pilot information 2. In this case, the data information 1 in the first resource unit 1 is also removed, leaving only the pilot information 1 in the first resource unit 1. Then, the pilot information 1 is used for channel estimation. This process continues until the obtained data information converges.

[0262] To implement the pilot transmission scheme described above, the receiving device needs to be configured with corresponding pilot information and data information overlay transmission settings. The following section will combine... Figure 6 The configuration process will be introduced. Figure 6 The terminal device mentioned above corresponds to the receiving device mentioned earlier. Figure 6 The transmitting device mentioned above corresponds to the transmitting device mentioned earlier. Wherein:

[0263] 601. The terminal device sends first information to the network device. Correspondingly, the network device receives the first information sent by the terminal device.

[0264] The first piece of information is used to inform the network device whether the terminal device supports the overlay transmission of pilot information and data information. It also determines whether the terminal device, upon receiving the signal indicating the overlay transmission of pilot and data information, is capable of separating the pilot and data information.

[0265] Optionally, when the terminal device is in RRC connection state, it reports the first information to the network device via RRC messages.

[0266] Optionally, the first information includes a supported pilot information and data information overlay transmission scheme. This pilot information and data information overlay transmission scheme includes those described above. Figure 3D , Figure 3E The corresponding solutions.

[0267] 602. The network device sends a second message to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the second message sent by the network device accordingly.

[0268] The second information is used to configure the terminal device for the overlay transmission of pilot information and data information. Optionally, the configuration for the overlay transmission of pilot information and data information is related to the capabilities of the terminal device.

[0269] Optionally, the second information can be sent after the first information or independently of the first information. That is, the network device can send the second information directly to the terminal device without receiving the first information. If the second information is sent independently of the first information, the terminal device can also send feedback information to the network device after receiving the second information to respond to whether the network device supports the overlay transmission of pilot information and data information.

[0270] Optionally, the second information includes pilot configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the spacing between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

[0271] Optionally, this second information can be carried in RRC / MAC CE / DCI.

[0272] 603. The network device sends a pilot information and data information superimposed on an OTFS signal to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the pilot information and data information superimposed on the OTFS signal sent by the network device.

[0273] Optionally, the pilot information and data information superimposed on the OTFS signal can be understood as the first signal mentioned above.

[0274] 604. The terminal equipment receives pilot information and data information superimposed on the OTFS signal and performs channel estimation.

[0275] Optionally, the channel estimation procedure can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 5 As shown, this application will not elaborate further.

[0276] The configuration rules are described below:

[0277] In the case of high bandwidth / high latency Doppler resolution, a sparse pilot scheme is configured. This sparse pilot scheme can be Scheme 1 mentioned above (there are multiple first resource units, and the multiple first resource units are the first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region).

[0278] In the case of low bandwidth / low latency Doppler resolution, a continuous pilot scheme can be configured. This continuous pilot scheme can be Scheme 2 mentioned above (multiple first resource units, which are equally spaced in the latency domain and equally spaced in the Doppler domain). The equally spaced method has low pilot overhead and simple interference cancellation for terminal equipment.

[0279] Alternatively, the pilot configuration scheme can be bound to the channel. This pilot configuration scheme is determined based on the channel type. Channel types include control channels and data channels; if the channel is a control channel, Scheme Two is used, and if it is a data channel, Scheme One is used.

[0280] This application provides a communication device that can be used to implement the functions of the aforementioned transmitting or receiving device. The communication device can be either a transmitting or receiving device. It includes modules or units corresponding to the methods / operations / steps / actions performed by the transmitting or receiving device in the above method embodiments. These units can be hardware circuits, software, or a combination of hardware circuits and software. Please refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 700 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication device 700 may include a processing unit 701 and an interface unit 702. The processing unit 701 is used to process signaling and / or data, which may be data received by the interface unit 702, and the processed signaling and / or data may also be sent by the interface unit 702.

[0281] In one embodiment, when the communication device 700 is a transmitting device, wherein:

[0282] Processing unit 701 is used to determine pilot information, wherein the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence;

[0283] Processing unit 701 is further configured to map pilot information to a first resource unit in a first region of a time-delay-Doppler domain, and map data information to the first region to obtain a time-delay-Doppler domain signal, wherein the first resource unit carries the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information;

[0284] Interface unit 702 is used to send a first signal, which is obtained by processing the time-delay-Doppler domain signal.

[0285] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the first region includes first resource units, and multiple first resource units are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0286] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0287] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0288] In one possible embodiment, the PN sequence employs offset values ​​with different cyclic shifts that are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

[0289] In one possible embodiment, the ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0290] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is a PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0291] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in a first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

[0292] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in first resource units in different Doppler domains.

[0293] In one possible embodiment, the spacing between Doppler domains mapped to pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0294] In one possible embodiment, the interface unit 702 is further configured to send pilot configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the interval between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

[0295] In one embodiment, when the communication device 700 is a receiving device, wherein:

[0296] Interface unit 702 is used to receive a first signal, which is obtained by processing a time-delay-Doppler domain signal. The time-delay-Doppler domain signal is obtained by mapping pilot information to a first resource unit of a first region of the time-delay-Doppler domain and mapping data information to the first region. The first resource unit contains the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information. The pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence.

[0297] Processing unit 701 is used for channel estimation based on pilot information.

[0298] In one possible embodiment, the processing unit 701 is further configured to determine the position of the first path, the position of the first path being determined based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence, or based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the sequence obtained after different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence; and to separate the pilot information and data information based on the first path.

[0299] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the first region includes a plurality of first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

[0300] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0301] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

[0302] In one possible embodiment, the PN sequence employs offset values ​​with different cyclic shifts that are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

[0303] In one possible embodiment, the ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0304] In one possible embodiment, the pilot information is a PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

[0305] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in a first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

[0306] In one possible embodiment, pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in first resource units in different Doppler domains.

[0307] In one possible embodiment, the spacing between Doppler domains mapped to pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

[0308] In one possible embodiment, pilot configuration information is received, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the spacing between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

[0309] like Figure 8 The illustration shows a communication device 800 provided in an embodiment of this application, used to implement the functions of the aforementioned receiving or transmitting device. This device can be a communication device or a device used within a communication device. The communication device can be a receiving or transmitting device. The device used within the communication device can be a chip system or a chip within the communication device. The chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete components.

[0310] The communication device 800 includes at least one processor 810 for implementing the processing functions of the device (e.g., a transmitting device or a receiving device) in the method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0311] Optionally, the communication device 800 may further include a communication interface 820 for implementing the transmit and receive operations of the device (e.g., a transmitting device or a receiving device) in the method provided in this application embodiment. In this application embodiment, the communication interface may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium. For example, the communication interface 820 is used for the device in the communication device 800 to communicate with other devices. The processor 810 uses the communication interface 820 to transmit and receive data and to implement the method described in the above method embodiment. Figure 8 As shown, the communication interface 820 may be located inside or outside the communication device 800, and this application embodiment does not limit it.

[0312] Optionally, the communication device 800 may further include at least one memory 830 for storing program instructions and / or data. The memory 830 is coupled to the processor 810. The coupling in this embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. The processor 810 may operate in conjunction with the memory 830. The processor 810 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 830. At least one of the at least one memory may be included in the processor 810. Alternatively, the at least one memory may be located within the communication device 800 and outside the processor 810. Alternatively, the at least one memory may be located outside the communication device 800; this embodiment does not limit the scope of the application.

[0313] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the communication interface 820, the processor 810, and the memory 830. This application embodiment... Figure 8 The memory 830, processor 810, and communication interface 820 are connected via a bus, and the bus is in... Figure 8 The connections between other components are shown in bold and are for illustrative purposes only, not as limiting information. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 8 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0314] When the communication device 800 is specifically a device for use with an apparatus (e.g., a transmitting device or a receiving device), for example, when the communication device 800 is specifically a chip or chip system, the communication interface 820 may output or receive baseband signals. When the communication device 800 is specifically a device (e.g., a transmitting device or a receiving device), the communication interface 820 may output or receive radio frequency signals. In the embodiments of this application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, capable of implementing or executing the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0315] It should be noted that the aforementioned communication interface 820 can be used to perform the functions of the aforementioned interface unit 702, and the aforementioned processor 810 can be used to perform the functions of the aforementioned processing unit 701, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0316] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to a receiving device, the receiving device chip implements the functions of the receiving device in the above method embodiment, and the receiving device chip receives information from other network elements; or, the receiving device chip sends information to other network elements.

[0317] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to a transmitting device, the transmitting device chip implements the functions of the transmitting device in the above method embodiments. The transmitting device chip receives information from other network elements; or, the transmitting device chip transmits information to other network elements.

[0318] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0319] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC can reside in a network device or a terminal device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in a transmitting or receiving device.

[0320] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a DVD; or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state disk (SSD).

[0321] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0322] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0323] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed, the method executed by the terminal device or network device in the above method embodiments is implemented.

[0324] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed, causes the method executed by the transmitting device or receiving device in the above method embodiments to be implemented.

[0325] This application also provides a communication system, which includes a transmitting device or a receiving device. The transmitting device is used to execute the method executed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments. The receiving device is used to execute the method executed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0326] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0327] The descriptions of the various embodiments provided in this application can be referenced mutually. Each embodiment has its own emphasis, and parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. For the sake of convenience and brevity, for example, the functions and execution steps of the various devices and equipment provided in the embodiments of this application can be referred to the relevant descriptions of the method embodiments of this application. The method embodiments and the device embodiments can also be referenced, combined or cited from each other.

[0328] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: The pilot information is determined, wherein the pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; The pilot information is mapped to a first resource unit in a first region of the time-delay-Doppler domain, and the data information is mapped to the first region to obtain a time-delay-Doppler domain signal. The first resource unit carries the mapped pilot information and the mapped data information. A first signal is sent, which is obtained by processing the time-delay-Doppler domain signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pilot information is determined based on sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; The first region contains a plurality of the first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pilot information consists of sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; The results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to the first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to the first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The offset values ​​of the PN sequence using different cyclic shifts are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pilot information is the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in one first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in the first resource unit in different Doppler domains.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The spacing between Doppler domains mapped to the pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send pilot configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the interval between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

12. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: A first signal is received, which is obtained by processing the time-delay-Doppler domain signal. The time-delay-Doppler domain signal is obtained by mapping pilot information to a first resource unit of a first region of the time-delay-Doppler domain and mapping the data information to the first region. The first resource unit is mapped with the pilot information and the mapped data information. The pilot information is a pseudo-random PN sequence, or the pilot information is determined based on a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence. Channel estimation is performed based on the pilot information.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: The position of the first path is determined based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the PN sequence, or based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the sequence obtained after different cyclic shifts of the PN sequence. Based on the first path, the pilot information and the data information are separated.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The pilot information is determined based on sequences obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; The first region contains a plurality of the first resource units, which are equally spaced in the time delay domain or equally spaced in the Doppler domain.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The pilot information consists of a sequence obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence; The results obtained by performing different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to the first resource units in different time delay domains in the first region, or the results obtained by different cyclic shifts on the PN sequence are mapped to the first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12-15, characterized in that, Pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in different first resource units in the first region, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped in the same first resource unit in the first region using code division multiplexing.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12-16, characterized in that, The offset values ​​of the PN sequence using different cyclic shifts are related to one or more of the following: the maximum delay spread, the maximum Doppler spread, the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain, and the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The ratio of the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the delay domain to the interval between two adjacent first resource units in the Doppler domain is related to the ratio of the maximum delay spread to the maximum Doppler spread.

19. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The pilot information is the PN sequence; there are multiple first resource units, which are either first resource units in the same Doppler domain in the first region, or first resource units in different Doppler domains in the first region.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, Pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to different first resource units in the same Doppler domain, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is mapped to first resource units in different Doppler domains, or pilot information corresponding to different ports is simultaneously mapped in one first resource unit through code division multiplexing.

21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The pilot information corresponding to the same port is repeatedly mapped in the first resource unit in different Doppler domains.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The spacing between Doppler domains mapped to the pilot information corresponding to the same port is related to the maximum Doppler spread.

23. The method according to any one of claims 12-22, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive pilot configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the location of the first region, the interval between the first resource units, the root sequence number of the PN sequence corresponding to the pilot information, and the pilot power of the pilot information.

24. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 23.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the processor and the memory being coupled, the processor being used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 23.

26. A chip, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and an interface, wherein the processor and the interface are coupled; the interface is used to receive or output signals, and the processor is used to execute code instructions to cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 23 to be performed.

27. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when invoked, cause the computer to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 23.

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