A networking method and device for low-altitude coverage, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a low-altitude coverage networking method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium, the method comprising: determining the use range of low-altitude service; according to the ground coverage cell in the use range and the highest proportion of existing network cell in low-altitude scene, determining the frequency networking mode of newly-built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; determining the multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna for networking, and merging the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as the newly-built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; determining the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna, and selecting the antenna specification according to the low-altitude vertical height; based on the installation center point, determining the installation position of each selected specification base station antenna according to the concentric circle type equilateral polygon division low-altitude coverage model, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna forms continuous coverage to the target low-altitude airspace. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequent switching of low-altitude terminal can be significantly reduced, and the service rate can be effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of network technology, and in particular to a low-altitude coverage networking method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of low-altitude industrial businesses, some high-value low-altitude production scenarios have begun to introduce 5G IoT technology, leveraging 5G's high bandwidth, wide connectivity, and low latency characteristics to empower the low-altitude industry. However, as applications deepen, the shortcomings of existing technical solutions are becoming increasingly apparent. For example, industry users in low-altitude drone security patrols and low-altitude production scenarios need to achieve real-time high-definition video transmission and low-latency real-time control, requiring guaranteed good signal coverage and quality at low altitudes to avoid large fluctuations in network coverage, speed, and latency. Existing networking methods cannot meet these requirements.

[0003] In existing technologies, base station antennas are used to cover roads. Low-altitude wireless signal coverage mainly relies on adjusting the elevation angle of the base station antenna to ensure that the main lobe signal of the antenna can partially cover both low-altitude areas and roads, or temporarily sacrifice road coverage to directly cover low-altitude areas by adjusting the main lobe of the base station antenna. In dense residential scenarios, there are also cases where spotlight antennas are used to provide targeted coverage towards residential buildings at an elevation angle. However, the design avoids using base station antennas at an elevation angle to cover open, unbuilt areas to prevent over-coverage, ineffective coverage, and mutual interference. Due to the limited total power of the base station transmitting equipment, coupled with the influence of the base station antenna elevation angle, existing technologies cannot effectively guarantee coverage of both low-altitude areas and roads.

[0004] Due to severe low-altitude overlapping coverage and cross-coverage phenomena, low-altitude signal interference is significantly higher than ground-based signal interference. For downlink, this manifests primarily as poor SSB (Synchronization Signal and PBCH block) SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio). For ground networks, since downlink traffic is primarily driven by services, downlink channels from neighboring cells can also generate significant interference at low altitudes when network load is high. In actual testing, due to the abundance of strong signals and the lack of stable primary coverage base station signals at low altitudes, low-altitude terminals (such as drones) frequently switch during flight, impacting both uplink and downlink services. The main problem caused by frequent switching is a significant drop in data rate, such as… Figure 1As shown in the low-altitude handover and uplink rate data, when UAVs frequently handover between cells, the uplink rate is significantly affected, even dropping to zero. Simultaneously, network latency jitter is noticeable, accompanied by the risk of handover failure and link reconstruction. The lack of stable primary coverage base station signals at low altitudes also poses challenges to daily network optimization, leading to complex and inefficient antenna and feeder tuning and testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a low-altitude coverage networking method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium to solve the problems in existing low-altitude coverage networking methods, such as frequent handover of low-altitude terminals, low speed drop, and difficulty in network optimization, due to serious low-altitude overlapping coverage and cross-area coverage phenomena, and the lack of stable primary coverage base station cell signals in low-altitude areas.

[0006] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a network deployment method for low-altitude coverage, the method comprising:

[0007] Determine the scope of use for low-altitude air traffic services;

[0008] Based on the ground coverage cells and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios within the scope of use, the frequency networking method for newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells is determined, and the frequency networking method is either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking.

[0009] Identify multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell;

[0010] Determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna, and select the antenna specifications based on the low-altitude vertical height;

[0011] Based on the installation center point, the installation positions of each selected base station antenna are determined according to a low-altitude coverage model that divides the area into concentric circles and equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna forms continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace; and...

[0012] Configure the handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal device can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of determining the frequency networking method for newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells based on the ground coverage cells within the usage range and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios specifically includes:

[0014] If the ground coverage cell is on a different frequency than the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking.

[0015] If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is greater than a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be heterogeneous networking.

[0016] If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is less than or equal to a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking.

[0017] Furthermore, merging the multiple logical cells into one logical cell specifically includes:

[0018] By binding multiple radio frequency devices corresponding to the multiple logical cells to the same logical cell through the network backend, the merging of the multiple logical cells can be achieved.

[0019] Furthermore, determining the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna specifically includes:

[0020] The low-altitude service uses a concentrated airspace and projects it vertically onto the ground to form a projection area. The center of the projection area is selected as the installation center point of the multi-faceted base station antenna.

[0021] Furthermore, the selection of antenna specifications based on low-altitude vertical altitude specifically includes:

[0022] Based on the aforementioned low-altitude vertical height, a base station antenna is selected with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth to vertical 3dB beamwidth ratio between 0.45 and 0.55 or between 1.8 and 2.2.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-faceted base station antenna is a six-faced base station antenna. The determination of the installation positions of each selected base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to the low-altitude coverage model divided into concentric circle-like equilateral polygons specifically includes:

[0024] Using the installation center point as the reference origin, the low-altitude coverage model is divided into 360-degree coverage directions using concentric circle-like equilateral hexagons. The fixed points of each selected specification base station antenna on the mounting bracket are marked, and the installation position of each base station antenna is determined based on the marked points.

[0025] The mounting bracket is shaped like an equilateral triangle with three isosceles triangles embedded within it, and the six base station antennas are installed at the vertices or center of the isosceles triangles respectively.

[0026] Furthermore, configuring the handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method specifically includes:

[0027] For both intra-frequency and inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are configured to satisfy the following: the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is less than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; and the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is greater than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0028] For inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are also configured to satisfy the following: the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the ground coverage cell are less than the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell, respectively.

[0029] Secondly, this disclosure provides a low-altitude coverage networking device, the device comprising:

[0030] The scope of use determination module is used to determine the scope of use for low-altitude services.

[0031] The frequency networking mode determination module is connected to the usage range determination module. It is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell based on the ground coverage cell and the existing network cell with the highest occupancy ratio in the low-altitude scenario within the usage range. The frequency networking mode is either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking.

[0032] The logical cell merging module is connected to the frequency networking method determination module. It is used to determine multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0033] The antenna specification selection module is connected to the logical cell merging module and is used to determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna and select the antenna specification according to the low-altitude vertical height.

[0034] The installation location determination module is connected to the antenna specification selection module. It is used to determine the installation location of each selected specification base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to the low-altitude coverage model of concentric circle equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna can form continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace.

[0035] The switching parameter configuration module, connected to the installation location determination module, is used to configure the switching parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal equipment can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0036] Thirdly, this disclosure provides an electronic device comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores one or more computer programs executable by the at least one processor, the one or more computer programs being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the low-altitude coverage networking method described in the first aspect above.

[0037] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the low-altitude coverage networking method described in the first aspect.

[0038] The low-altitude coverage networking method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and storage medium disclosed herein determine the usage scope of low-altitude services, flexibly select co-frequency or hetero-frequency networking methods based on ground coverage cells and existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios, and merge multiple logical cells of multi-faceted base station antennas into a single dedicated low-altitude coverage cell. Based on this, the installation center point is determined, antenna specifications are selected according to the low-altitude vertical altitude, and antennas are deployed based on a concentric circle-like equilateral polygon low-altitude coverage model to ensure continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace by the main lobe signal. Simultaneously, handover parameters are configured to prioritize terminal camps in the dedicated low-altitude coverage cell, thereby forming a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in the low-altitude airspace. This significantly reduces frequent handovers by low-altitude terminals, effectively guarantees service rates, and greatly simplifies network optimization in low-altitude scenarios. It solves the problems of frequent handovers, low-speed drops, and difficult network optimization caused by severe low-altitude overlapping coverage and cross-area coverage phenomena, and the lack of a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in low-altitude areas in existing low-altitude coverage networking methods. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 This refers to the current low-altitude handover and uplink rate situation;

[0041] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a low-altitude coverage networking method provided in this embodiment of the disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating yet another low-altitude coverage networking method provided in this disclosure embodiment;

[0043] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the evaluation process for frequency networking methods provided in this embodiment of the disclosure;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the vertical and horizontal coverage of antenna signals provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 6 A low-altitude top view of the antenna signal vertical and horizontal coverage provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the seamless low-altitude coverage area provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 8 A simplified top view of the antenna signal vertical and horizontal coverage provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the mounting bracket for a low-altitude base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0049] Figure 10 A block diagram of a low-altitude coverage networking device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0050] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of this disclosure to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0052] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of this disclosure and the features thereof in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0053] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0054] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Words such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0056] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a low-altitude coverage networking method provided in this embodiment of the disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The method includes:

[0057] Step S101: Determine the scope of use for low-altitude services.

[0058] Specifically, based on specific business usage requirements, relevant basic information is collected during the solution planning and design phase. For example, the usage scope of low-altitude services includes information such as the vertical altitude, horizontal area, and usage trajectory. Simultaneously, network access requirements information such as the number of users, speed, and latency requirements can also be collected, serving as the basis for subsequent network planning.

[0059] Step S102: Based on the ground coverage cells within the usage range and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios, determine the frequency networking method for the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells. The frequency networking method can be either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking.

[0060] Specifically, to avoid co-channel interference of network signals after occupying dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, to avoid occupying the coverage signals of distant base station antennas that have been over-covered, to reduce the number of handovers in low-altitude areas, to reduce the complex coordination and optimization between the public network and dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, and to provide users with a better network experience in terms of network speed, latency, handover success rate, and drop rate, while saving investment in network optimization resources, a frequency networking method evaluation should be conducted before building new dedicated low-altitude coverage cells to select a more reasonable frequency networking method.

[0061] In some embodiments, determining the frequency networking method for newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells based on the ground coverage cells within the usage range and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios specifically includes:

[0062] If the ground coverage cell is on a different frequency than the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking.

[0063] If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is greater than a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be heterogeneous networking.

[0064] If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is less than or equal to a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking.

[0065] Specifically, to ensure that low-altitude services can utilize the signals of newly built, stable, and reliable primary coverage base station cells, if the ground coverage cell and the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate operate on different frequencies, the newly built dedicated low-altitude coverage cell will preferentially adopt co-frequency networking with the ground coverage cell. Simultaneously, if the ground coverage cell and the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate operate on the same frequency, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is greater than a preset empirical value, to ensure that low-altitude services can utilize the signals of the newly built, stable, and reliable primary coverage base station cells and avoid switching to over-covered distant base station antenna signals, the newly built dedicated low-altitude coverage cell will preferentially adopt co-frequency networking with the ground coverage cell. If the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is less than or equal to the preset empirical value, then co-frequency networking will be used. The preset empirical value can be flexibly set based on actual network measurement data; for example, -80dBm can be used as the level judgment threshold.

[0066] Step S103: Determine the multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0067] Specifically, the multi-faceted base station antenna used for networking can be, for example, a six-faced base station antenna, which can form multiple logical cells in a conventional networking scenario. The more logical cells there are, the more interference there will be between the signals of different logical cells. At the same time, a large number of logical cell handover boundaries will be formed between different logical cells, affecting the capacity, speed, latency, and other performance aspects of the low-altitude network. Considering the current relatively small number of low-altitude users, merging logical cells reduces logical cell boundaries, thereby reducing mutual interference and frequent handovers.

[0068] In some embodiments, merging the plurality of logical cells into one logical cell specifically includes:

[0069] By binding multiple radio frequency devices corresponding to the multiple logical cells to the same logical cell through the network backend, the merging of the multiple logical cells can be achieved.

[0070] Specifically, by using the operator's communication network management backend to complete the binding configuration between hardware and logical cells, the merging of multiple logical cells can be completed quickly. After merging, the number of logical cells for dedicated low-altitude coverage is reduced, mutual interference and frequent handover between logical cells are reduced, and the performance of the dedicated low-altitude network, such as speed and latency, can be guaranteed.

[0071] Step S104: Determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna, and select the antenna specifications according to the low-altitude vertical height.

[0072] Specifically, the determination of the installation center point should prioritize ensuring effective low-altitude coverage of the installed base station's wireless signal, complementing the existing ground-based base station's wireless signal coverage. This reduces overlapping coverage between low-altitude and ground-based base station signals, minimizes mutual interference between different signals, and leverages the coverage strengths of each signal to achieve maximum coverage. The choice of antenna specifications is related to the low-altitude vertical altitude. Taking a low-altitude vertical altitude of 120 meters as an example, common antennas have a 3dB beamwidth of 60 degrees vertically and 30 degrees horizontally, which can be used to estimate the antenna's coverage area.

[0073] In some embodiments, determining the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna specifically includes:

[0074] The low-altitude service uses a concentrated airspace and projects it vertically onto the ground to form a projection area. The center of the projection area is selected as the installation center point of the multi-faceted base station antenna.

[0075] Specifically, the installation location should preferably be in the central area of ​​the ground projection where low-altitude services are concentrated, and it can be installed close to the ground, with no requirements on relative height. If site selection is limited, the installation angle of the base station antenna bracket can be changed to ensure the low-altitude coverage requirement.

[0076] In some embodiments, selecting antenna specifications based on low-altitude vertical altitude specifically includes:

[0077] Based on the aforementioned low-altitude vertical height, a base station antenna is selected with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth to vertical 3dB beamwidth ratio between 0.45 and 0.55 or between 1.8 and 2.2.

[0078] Specifically, the aforementioned ratio range is based on the derivation of a concentric circle-like equilateral hexagonal low-altitude coverage model (tanβ / tanα=π / 6≈0.524). Antennas using this ratio can achieve the largest seamless low-altitude coverage area in the target low-altitude airspace. In actual network deployment, base station antennas using this ratio range have main lobe signal coverage lengths in both the vertical and horizontal directions that satisfy the relationship 2y / 2x=π / 6. This makes the area of ​​an equilateral hexagon (or circle) with a side length of horizontal coverage approximately equal to the area of ​​a circle with a diameter of vertical coverage, thus achieving seamless continuous low-altitude airspace coverage. Simultaneously, since coverage primarily relies on the antenna's main lobe, it avoids coverage discontinuities caused by sidelobe signals, back lobe signals, and null signals, reducing the impact of signal level fluctuations and frequent inter-cell handovers. For example, taking a low-altitude vertical altitude of 120 meters as an example, if an antenna with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth of 30 degrees and a vertical 3dB beamwidth of 60 degrees (ratio of 0.5) is selected, the horizontal coverage radius is approximately 32 meters, and a single antenna can cover approximately 3200 square meters of low-altitude airspace. If an antenna with a ratio of approximately 2 is selected (e.g., 60 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically), the horizontal coverage radius at the same altitude will be expanded, allowing for flexible selection based on the shape of the actual service area. By rationally selecting antenna specifications, a stable and reliable primary coverage signal can be formed in the target low-altitude airspace at a lower networking cost, laying the foundation for optimizing subsequent handover strategies.

[0079] Step S105: Based on the installation center point, determine the installation position of each selected specification base station antenna according to the low-altitude coverage model of concentric circle equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna forms continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace.

[0080] Specifically, based on the already determined antenna installation center point, a concentric circle-like equilateral polygon layout model is introduced to plan the placement points of each antenna. The main lobe of the antenna is used to achieve continuous airspace coverage, reducing coverage holes and overlapping interference problems in the low-altitude area, and ensuring the continuity of low-altitude signals from the layout level.

[0081] In some embodiments, the multi-faceted base station antenna is a six-faced base station antenna. The step of determining the installation position of each selected specification base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to a low-altitude coverage model divided into concentric circle-like equilateral polygons specifically includes:

[0082] Using the installation center point as the reference origin, the low-altitude coverage model is divided into 360-degree coverage directions using concentric circle-like equilateral hexagons. The fixed points of each selected specification base station antenna on the mounting bracket are marked, and the installation position of each base station antenna is determined based on the marked points.

[0083] The mounting bracket is shaped like an equilateral triangle with three isosceles triangles embedded within it, and the six base station antennas are installed at the vertices or center of the isosceles triangles respectively.

[0084] Specifically, this embodiment employs an equilateral hexagonal layout, evenly distributing the antennas, and uses a custom-designed mounting bracket to deploy six antennas at fixed points. The mounting bracket adopts a configuration of an equilateral triangle containing three isosceles triangles: lines are drawn from the center of the equilateral triangle to the three vertices, forming a large equilateral triangle containing three smaller isosceles triangles. Assuming the shorter side length (distance from the center to the vertex) of the inner isosceles triangle is R, the side length of the outer equilateral triangle is approximately 1.6R. The six base station antennas are fixed at the vertices or center of the three isosceles triangles, ensuring that each antenna is evenly distributed with the installation center point as the reference, with a coverage angle interval of approximately 60 degrees, achieving omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal direction. This mounting bracket allows for rapid antenna positioning, avoiding complex antenna feeder optimization, and reducing mutual interference between different antenna signals.

[0085] Step S106: Configure the handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal device can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0086] Specifically, by combining test data from the service usage area, information on ground coverage cells and low-altitude dedicated coverage cells in the service usage area is obtained. Based on the frequency networking method, a same-frequency networking switching strategy or a different-frequency networking switching strategy is applied to ensure that the terminal equipment stays in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as much as possible.

[0087] In some embodiments, configuring the handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method specifically includes:

[0088] For both intra-frequency and inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are configured to satisfy the following: the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is less than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; and the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is greater than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0089] For inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are also configured to satisfy the following: the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the ground coverage cell are less than the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell, respectively.

[0090] Specifically, to facilitate faster handover of terminal devices from terrestrial coverage cells to low-altitude dedicated coverage cells, in both co-frequency and hetero-frequency networking scenarios, the serving cell handover parameter threshold A51 of the terrestrial coverage cell is increased (the absolute value decreases), while the neighboring cell handover parameter threshold A52 is decreased (the absolute value increases). This ensures that the absolute value of A51 in the terrestrial coverage cell is less than that in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell. The A51 and A52 configuration rules for the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell are the opposite of those for the terrestrial coverage cell, thus constraining terminal devices to remain in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as much as possible. Heterrestrial networking additionally configures A1 and A2 event thresholds, increasing the A1 and A2 thresholds for the terrestrial coverage cell and decreasing the A1 and A2 thresholds for the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell. The standard configuration satisfies A1 > A2 > A52 > A51. Example configuration: A1 = -100dBm, A2 = -105dBm, A51 = -110dBm, A52 = -106dBm; if a faster switching rate is required, A1 = -70dBm, A2 = -75dBm, A51 = -80dBm, A52 = -78dBm can be selected.

[0091] The switching strategies for inter-frequency networking and intra-frequency networking are shown in Table 1:

[0092] Table 1: Switching Strategies for Different Frequency Networks and Same Frequency Networks

[0093]

[0094] in:

[0095] 1) A51 is the level for the serving cell.

[0096] 2) A52 (or A4) is the level for neighboring cells.

[0097] 3) Event A1: The serving cell is better than the absolute threshold, used to stop ongoing inter-frequency measurements.

[0098] 4) Event A2: The serving cell is worse than the absolute threshold, indicating poor coverage at the current frequency, and inter-frequency measurement can begin.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, this low-altitude coverage networking method is applied to a low-altitude coverage networking system, which includes three modules: a frequency and cell number evaluation module, a wireless coverage module, and a handover strategy module between the ground and low-altitude airspace. Based on this system, continuous and stable network signal coverage in the target low-altitude region can be quickly achieved, saving resources on network planning and design and network construction. It can also quickly troubleshoot and resolve issues related to base station hardware and antenna feeder systems, saving network maintenance resources. Furthermore, it can significantly improve the network signal quality in the target low-altitude region, providing stable and reliable primary coverage base station cell signals and saving network optimization resources. The modules are described below:

[0100] (1) Frequency and cell number assessment module: In this embodiment, low-altitude dedicated coverage cells are given priority to use the inter-frequency networking method, and low-altitude dedicated coverage cells are given priority to be opened using the merged logical cell method, thereby reducing handover and improving latency and speed, etc., to enhance service perception.

[0101] (2) Wireless coverage module: The low-altitude wireless coverage module of this application effectively covers the low-altitude area by using a concentric circle-like equilateral hexagonal low-altitude coverage model. With lower networking costs, it achieves cleaner low-altitude signals, better quality, lower latency, and higher speed.

[0102] (3) Ground and low-altitude airspace handover strategy module: Combine the test data of the service usage area to obtain the ground coverage cell information of the service usage area. Apply the same-frequency networking strategy or different-frequency networking strategy according to the networking mode to ensure that the UE stays in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as much as possible.

[0103] Based on the above system, such as Figure 3 As shown, the low-altitude coverage networking method may include the following steps:

[0104] Step 1: Frequency and Cell Count Assessment

[0105] During the pre-sales evaluation phase, a detailed analysis is conducted based on business needs. Prerequisites such as demand levels and network capacity are assessed. For low-altitude dedicated coverage cells with high demand levels, heterogeneous frequency networking is prioritized, and logical cell merging is prioritized for activation. This reduces handover time and improves latency and speed, enhancing the user experience. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0106] 1. Determine the scope of low-altitude operations

[0107] Based on specific business requirements, relevant basic information is collected during the solution planning and design phase, such as the usage scope of low-altitude services and network access requirements. The usage scope of low-altitude services includes information such as the vertical altitude, horizontal area, and usage trajectory. Network access requirements include information such as the number of access users, speed, and latency requirements.

[0108] 2. Frequency networking method evaluation

[0109] Low-altitude dedicated coverage areas should choose between heterogeneous or homogeneous frequency networking methods based on actual conditions. From the above ( Figure 1Test results (regarding low-altitude handover and uplink speed) show that signal coverage in most low-altitude areas is fragmented and cluttered, lacking a stable and reliable primary coverage base station cell signal. Frequent handovers in dedicated low-altitude coverage cells will impact service experience (e.g., latency, speed). Considering the current state of fragmented and cluttered signal coverage in most low-altitude areas, and the inability to effectively improve it through optimization, to avoid co-channel interference with network signals after occupying dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, to avoid occupying the coverage signal of distant base station antennas that have been over-covered, to reduce the number of low-altitude handovers, to reduce complex collaborative optimization between the public network and dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, and to provide users with a better network experience in terms of network speed, latency, handover success rate, and drop rate, while saving network optimization resources, a frequency networking method evaluation is required before constructing new dedicated low-altitude coverage cells to select a more reasonable frequency networking method. The frequency networking method evaluation process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown:

[0110] 1) Co-frequency networking: When the top cell (the cell with the highest original occupancy rate) of the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude coverage cell in the service area are on different frequencies before network construction, the newly built low-altitude coverage cell shall prioritize co-frequency networking with the ground coverage cell. This ensures that low-altitude services can utilize the signal of the newly built, stable and reliable main coverage base station cell.

[0111] 2) Inter-frequency networking: Before network construction, if the top-ranked cell (the cell with the highest original occupancy rate) of the ground coverage cell and the top-ranked cell (the cell with the highest occupancy rate) of the low-altitude coverage cell in the service area is on the same frequency, and the average coverage level of the top-ranked cell of the low-altitude coverage cell is greater than -80 dBm (empirical value), the newly built dedicated low-altitude coverage cell should prioritize inter-frequency networking with the ground coverage cell. In conjunction with inter-frequency handover parameters, ensure that low-altitude services can utilize the signal of the newly built, stable, and reliable primary coverage base station cell, avoiding handover to over-covered signals from distant base station antennas.

[0112] 3. Assessment of the number of covered communities

[0113] This embodiment uses six base station antennas for networking, which can form six logical cells under conventional networking conditions. The number of logical cells is directly related to network capacity; generally, the more logical cells, the higher the network capacity. However, a larger number of logical cells leads to mutual interference between signals from different logical cells, and also creates numerous logical cell handover boundaries. Mutual interference and frequent handovers between logical cells affect the capacity, speed, latency, and other performance characteristics of the low-altitude network. Considering the current small number of low-altitude users, this application aims to minimize the number of logical cells and logical cell boundaries. Therefore, the dedicated low-altitude coverage cells in this application are preferentially activated using a merged logical cell method to reduce the number of dedicated low-altitude coverage logical cells, reduce mutual interference between logical cells, reduce frequent handovers between logical cells, and ensure the speed, latency, and other performance characteristics of the dedicated low-altitude network.

[0114] Step 2, Wireless Coverage

[0115] The low-altitude wireless coverage module utilizes a concentric circle-like equilateral hexagonal low-altitude coverage model to effectively cover the low-altitude environment. This achieves cleaner, higher-quality, lower-latency, and higher-speed low-altitude signals at a lower networking cost. The application of this application in low-altitude wireless coverage does not affect the existing public network road coverage network and service usage. The wireless coverage specifically includes the following steps:

[0116] 1. Determine the installation location of the base station antenna.

[0117] The installation location of the low-altitude coverage antenna in this application should prioritize ensuring effective low-altitude coverage of the base station's wireless signal after installation. This should complement the existing ground-based base station wireless signal coverage, reducing overlap between low-altitude and ground-based base station wireless signals, minimizing mutual interference between different signals, and leveraging the coverage strengths of each signal to achieve maximum coverage. Therefore, the installation location of the low-altitude coverage antenna should ideally be in the central area of ​​the ground projection where low-altitude services are concentrated, and it can be installed close to the ground, with no specific height requirement. If site selection is limited, the low-altitude coverage requirement can be met by adjusting the installation angle of the base station antenna bracket.

[0118] 2. Coverage Model Composition

[0119] According to drone flight altitude restrictions and regulations, micro drones: their maximum flight altitude must not exceed 50 meters to ensure low-altitude safety. Light drones: the maximum flight altitude is 120 meters; exceeding this altitude requires a strict application process. If a flight altitude exceeding 120 meters is required, an application must be submitted to the relevant department, and this application is only open to pilots holding a drone pilot's license.

[0120] This application uses signal coverage at a low altitude of 120 meters as an example, but it is equally applicable to low-altitude signal coverage at various altitudes above 120 meters. Based on a common antenna vertical 3dB beamwidth of 60 degrees, assuming half of the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna vertically" is x meters, then using the tangent function, we get x / 120 = tan(60 / 2), which gives x = 69.3 (meters). Therefore, the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna vertically" 2x = 138.6 (meters). According to the antenna directional 3dB beamwidth coverage model, the actual coverage range of the antenna signal is much larger than the theoretical coverage range of the antenna 3dB beamwidth coverage model. We can estimate the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna vertically" 2x = 138.6~415.6 (meters). Using the same method, we can estimate the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna horizontally" 2y = 64.3~138.56 (meters).

[0121] This model uses the main lobe coverage parameters of the base station antenna to reduce the impact of signal level fluctuations and frequent handovers caused by discontinuous coverage of sidelobe, back lobe, and null signals. The schematic diagrams of the antenna signal coverage in the vertical and horizontal planes are shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the low-altitude top view of the antenna signal coverage in the vertical and horizontal planes is as follows: Figure 6 As shown:

[0122] 1) Front view: The length covered by the antenna in the vertical direction is 2x, and the relative height is 120 meters. The angle α is set to 3dB. The beam width (half power angle) is calculated as 60 degrees / 2 = 30 degrees. x / 120 = tan(30) ~ tan(60). Then the estimated x = 69.3 ~ 207.8 (meters). So 2x = 138.6 ~ 415.6 (meters).

[0123] 2) Side view: The horizontal length covered by the antenna is 2y, and the relative height is 120 meters. The angle β is set to 3dB. The beamwidth (half power angle) is calculated as 30 degrees / 2 = 15 degrees. y / 120 = tan(15) ~ tan(30). Therefore, the estimated y = 32.15 ~ 69.28 (meters). So 2y = 64.3 ~ 138.56 (meters).

[0124] Wherein, the tangent function (tan) is the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side of angle α. The cotangent function (cot) is the ratio of the adjacent side to the opposite side of angle α.

[0125] Among them, "3dB beamwidth (half-power angle)" is a fixed value in the equipment parameters (determined value), while "3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) × 2" is a value in the equipment parameters that is close to 6dB beamwidth (estimated value).

[0126] For ease of understanding, we can assume that the horizontal low-altitude coverage of the base station antenna is 2y, and the corresponding 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) is 2β. We can also assume that the vertical low-altitude coverage of the base station antenna is 2x, and the corresponding 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) is 2α. (See...) Figure 5 (A schematic diagram of antenna signal coverage in the vertical and horizontal planes), and the horizontal 3dB lobe length 2y < the vertical 3dB lobe length 2x. This assumption is made for consistency, defining the direction with the smaller 3dB lobe width of the base station antenna as the horizontal direction and the direction with the larger 3dB lobe width as the vertical direction. Around the center, concentric equilateral hexagons with diameters of 2y and 2x are distributed (see...). Figure 7 (The diagram shows the seamless low-altitude coverage area). Because some areas of the concentric circle-like equilateral hexagons have overlapping coverage, while other areas have coverage gaps, several models are used for simulation calculations below for ease of understanding.

[0127] Model 1: Taking the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the horizontal direction" 2y = 64.3 (meters) (a fixed value) as diameter 1, the circumference of circle 1 is calculated as C1 = πd = 3.14 × 64.3 = 201.9 meters. The actual cumulative length of the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the horizontal direction" in the six directions is L1 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 64.3 = 385.8 meters (a fixed value). Therefore, the cumulative length L1 of the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the horizontal direction" completely encloses circle 1. This also indicates that there is a significant overlap in the coverage area within circle 1 in Model 1.

[0128] Model 2: Taking the estimated low-altitude coverage length of the antenna in the horizontal direction, 2y = 138.56 (meters), as diameter 2, the circumference of circle 2 is calculated as C2 = πd = 3.14 × 138.56 = 435.08 meters. The cumulative length of the low-altitude coverage length of the antenna in the horizontal direction across the six directions is L1 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 64.3 = 385.8 meters (determined value), while L2 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 138.56 = 831.36 meters (estimated value). Therefore, the cumulative length L2 of the low-altitude coverage length of the antenna in the horizontal direction completely encloses circle 2. This also indicates that the overlapping coverage area in circle 2 of Model 2 is less than that in circle 1.

[0129] Model 3: Taking the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the vertical direction" 2x = 138.6 (meters) (a fixed value) as diameter 3, the circumference of circle 3 is calculated as C3 = πd = 3.14 × 138.6 = 435.2 meters. The cumulative length of the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the horizontal direction" in the six directions is L1 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 64.3 = 385.8 meters (a fixed value), while L2 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 138.56 = 831.36 meters (an estimated value). Therefore, the cumulative length L2 of the "low-altitude length covered by the antenna in the horizontal direction" completely encloses circle 3. This also indicates that the overlapping coverage area in circle 3 of Model 3 is less than that in circle 2.

[0130] Model 4: Taking the estimated low-altitude coverage length in the vertical direction of the antenna (2x = 415.6 meters) as diameter 4, the circumference of circle 4 is calculated as C4 = πd = 3.14 × 415.6 = 1304.98 meters. The cumulative length of the low-altitude coverage length in the horizontal direction of the antenna in the six directions is L1 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 64.3 = 385.8 meters (determined value), while L2 = 6 × 2y = 6 × 138.56 = 831.36 meters (estimated value). Therefore, the cumulative length L2 of the low-altitude coverage length in the horizontal direction of the antenna is less than that of circle 4. This also indicates that the area of ​​circle 4 in Model 4 is larger than the area of ​​circle 3, and some areas of circle 4 already show discontinuous coverage. In other words, the area of ​​circle 4 in model 4 is larger than the area of ​​circle 1 calculated based on a 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) of 30 degrees in the vertical direction of a common antenna, and also larger than the area of ​​circle 3 calculated based on an estimated 6dB beamwidth of 60 degrees in the vertical direction of a common antenna. In actual network deployments, the estimated 6dB beamwidth is not frequently used to simulate and evaluate network coverage.

[0131] Based on the calculation model above, using the 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) of the base station antenna main lobe for coverage, without considering the influence of side lobes, the seamless coverage area at a low altitude of 120 meters is approximately a circle A with a perimeter of 6×2y (e.g., Figure 7 (The diagram shows a schematic of seamless low-altitude coverage). A circle A with a circumference of 6×2y overlaps with a circle B with a diameter of 2x. Generally, circle B is larger than circle A. If circle B is significantly larger than circle A, the outer perimeter of circle A may experience discontinuous coverage, meaning a stable and reliable primary coverage base station cell signal cannot be provided for low-altitude areas. This significantly increases the probability of terminals needing to ensure service awareness switching to surrounding base station cells, and the likelihood of service degradation increases substantially. When circle A ≈ circle B, using a 3dB beamwidth of the base station antenna main lobe can achieve the maximum seamless low-altitude coverage area, ensuring a stable and reliable primary coverage base station cell signal for low-altitude areas.

[0132] The formula for the circumference of a circle is: C = πd or C = 2πr. The larger the circumference of a circle, the larger its radius, and therefore its area.

[0133] When the circumferences of the two circles satisfy 6×(2y)≈π(2x), that is, 6×(2y)=π(2x);

[0134] The formula is transformed into 2y / 2x=π / 6, that is, y / x=π / 6, which means (y / 120) / (x / 120)=π / 6;

[0135] Substituting into this covering model, we get tanβ / tanα = π / 6 = 0.524 ≈ 0.5.

[0136] Signal attenuation outside the 3dB beamwidth of a base station antenna is not abrupt. Therefore, in practical network applications, to achieve maximum seamless low-altitude coverage, it is not necessary to use inverse trigonometric functions to precisely calculate the 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) of the base station antenna. Instead, based on the inferences from the coverage model using the aforementioned calculation formula, an antenna with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) / vertical 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) ≈ 0.5, or a horizontal 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) / vertical 3dB beamwidth (half-power angle) ≈ 2 can be selected. Avoid selecting antennas with similar vertical and horizontal 3dB beamwidths (half-power angles) (antennas with similar half-power angles have a smaller cumulative effective coverage area).

[0137] For example, for a horizontal antenna with a beamwidth (half-power angle) of 3dB and a range of 30 degrees / 60 degrees, at a low altitude of 120 meters, according to the tangent function, tan(30 / 2)=y / 120, we can calculate y=32.15 (meters).

[0138] The calculation yields the seamless coverage area at a low altitude of 120 meters, S = π × r × r = π × y × y = 3048 (square meters).

[0139] Since the use of a 6dB beamwidth (estimated value) to simulate and evaluate wireless network coverage is not common in actual network deployments, it will not be calculated for the time being.

[0140] It should be noted that, according to trigonometric calculations, the effective coverage area at low altitudes increases with increasing relative altitude. Doubling the relative altitude quadruples the effective coverage area.

[0141] 3. Low-altitude coverage model with concentric circles and equilateral hexagonal division.

[0142] The low-altitude coverage equivalent model in this embodiment is a concentric circle-like equilateral hexagon, which is close to an equilateral hexagon with a side length of radius R or a circle with a radius of R. Figure 8 A simplified top-down view of the antenna signal coverage in the vertical and horizontal planes is shown.

[0143] When making the mounting bracket for the base station antenna, the bracket can be made according to this model (see...). Figure 9 The diagram shows a mounting bracket for a low-altitude base station antenna. Lines can be drawn from the center of an equilateral triangle (center O) to the three vertices, forming a combination of a large equilateral triangle containing three smaller isosceles triangles, as shown below. Figure 9 Equilateral triangle AEC contains isosceles triangles OAC / OCE / OEA. Assuming the shorter side OA (radius OA of the circle) of the inscribed isosceles triangles is R, the side length of the outer equilateral triangle can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem (i.e.,...). Figure 9 The AC value is 1.6R.

[0144] Step 3: Strategies for switching between ground and low-altitude airspace

[0145] This step combines test data from the service usage area to obtain information on terrestrial coverage cells and low-altitude dedicated coverage cells for that area. Depending on the network topology, a co-frequency or inter-frequency network handover strategy is applied to ensure the UE remains within the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as much as possible. As described in the frequency network topology evaluation above, a suitable co-frequency or inter-frequency network topology for the low-altitude and terrestrial coverage cells is selected.

[0146] Handover strategies for co-frequency and inter-frequency networks between ground and low-altitude areas: Based on test data from the service usage area, ground coverage cell information for that area is obtained. Then, the serving cell handover parameter threshold A51 for the ground coverage cell is increased (absolute value decreases), while the neighboring cell handover parameter threshold A52 is decreased (absolute value increases), facilitating faster handover from the ground coverage cell to the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell. The serving cell / neighboring cell handover parameter thresholds for the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell are set in the opposite way to the ground coverage cell, aiming to ensure the UE remains within the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as much as possible. The handover strategies for inter-frequency and co-frequency networks are shown in Table 1.

[0147] It should be noted that the low-altitude coverage networking method provided in this disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0148] a) It can quickly achieve continuous and stable network signal coverage at low altitudes. During the network planning and construction phase, it can quickly select more suitable site locations, quickly select more suitable base station antenna types, and quickly output low-altitude coverage solutions, saving network planning and design resources and network construction resources.

[0149] b) It can quickly troubleshoot and handle problems related to base station hardware and antenna feeder systems. The relevant equipment is centrally placed and installed, which improves the efficiency of troubleshooting and locating maintenance problems and saves network maintenance resources.

[0150] c) It can significantly improve the network signal quality at low altitudes, providing stable and reliable primary coverage base station cell signals for low altitudes. This avoids the impact of adjusting the coverage signal of distant base station antennas on the original ground coverage signal, prevents the instability of distant base station antenna coverage signals from affecting service use, avoids co-channel interference of network signals after occupying dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, avoids occupying the coverage signal of distant base station antennas that have been over-covered, avoids complex and inefficient antenna and feeder optimization and testing work, reduces the number of handovers at low altitudes, reduces complex collaborative optimization between the public network and dedicated low-altitude coverage cells, and provides users with a better network experience in terms of network speed, latency, handover success rate, and drop rate, while saving investment in network optimization resources.

[0151] The low-altitude coverage networking method provided in this disclosure determines the usage range of low-altitude services, flexibly selects co-frequency or hetero-frequency networking methods based on ground coverage cells and existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios, and merges multiple logical cells of multi-faceted base station antennas into a dedicated low-altitude coverage cell. Based on this, it determines the installation center point, selects antenna specifications according to the low-altitude vertical height, and deploys antennas based on a concentric circle-like equilateral polygon low-altitude coverage model to ensure continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace by the main lobe signal. Simultaneously, it configures handover parameters to prioritize terminals camping on the dedicated low-altitude coverage cell, thereby forming a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in the low-altitude airspace. This significantly reduces frequent handovers by low-altitude terminals, effectively guarantees service rates, and greatly simplifies network optimization in low-altitude scenarios. It solves the problems in existing low-altitude coverage networking methods, such as severe low-altitude overlapping coverage and cross-area coverage phenomena, and the lack of a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in low-altitude areas, which lead to frequent handovers, reduced speeds, and difficulties in network optimization.

[0152] It is understood that the various method embodiments mentioned above in this disclosure can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle and logic. Due to space limitations, this disclosure will not elaborate further. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the above methods of specific implementation, the specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0153] Figure 10 This is a block diagram of a low-altitude coverage networking device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0154] Reference Figure 10 This disclosure provides a low-altitude coverage networking device for executing the aforementioned low-altitude coverage networking method. The device includes:

[0155] Scope of use determination module 11 is used to determine the scope of use of low-altitude services;

[0156] The frequency networking mode determination module 12 is connected to the usage range determination module 11 and is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell based on the ground coverage cell and the existing network cell with the highest occupancy ratio in the low-altitude scenario within the usage range. The frequency networking mode is either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking.

[0157] The logical cell merging module 13 is connected to the frequency networking mode determination module 12. It is used to determine multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0158] Antenna specification selection module 14, connected to the logical cell merging module 13, is used to determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna and select the antenna specification according to the low-altitude vertical height.

[0159] The installation location determination module 15 is connected to the antenna specification selection module 14. It is used to determine the installation location of each selected specification base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to the low-altitude coverage model of concentric circle equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna can form continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace.

[0160] The switching parameter configuration module 16 is connected to the installation location determination module 15 and is used to configure the switching parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal equipment can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0161] Optionally, the frequency networking mode determination module 12 includes:

[0162] The first network mode determination unit is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as co-frequency networking if the ground coverage cell is on a different frequency than the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate.

[0163] The second networking mode determination unit is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as heterogeneous networking if the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy ratio, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy ratio is greater than a preset empirical value.

[0164] The third network mode determination unit is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell as co-frequency networking if the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is less than or equal to a preset empirical value.

[0165] Optionally, the logical cell merging module 13 includes:

[0166] The logical cell merging unit is used to bind multiple radio frequency devices corresponding to the multiple logical cells to the same logical cell through the network backend, so as to realize the merging of the multiple logical cells.

[0167] Optionally, the antenna specification selection module 14 includes:

[0168] The installation center point determination unit is used to count the concentrated airspace used by low-altitude services and project it vertically onto the ground to form a projection area, and select the center position of the projection area as the installation center point of the multi-faceted base station antenna.

[0169] Optionally, the antenna specification selection module 14 includes:

[0170] The base station antenna selection unit is used to select a base station antenna with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth to vertical 3dB beamwidth ratio between 0.45 and 0.55 or between 1.8 and 2.2 based on the low-altitude vertical height.

[0171] Optionally, the multi-faceted base station antenna is a six-faced base station antenna, and the installation position determination module 15 includes:

[0172] The installation location determination unit is used to mark the fixed points of each selected specification base station antenna on the mounting bracket, using the installation center point as the reference origin, and dividing the low-altitude coverage model into 360-degree coverage directions using concentric circle-like equilateral hexagons, and then determining the installation position of each base station antenna based on the marked points.

[0173] The mounting bracket is shaped like an equilateral triangle with three isosceles triangles embedded within it, and the six base station antennas are installed at the vertices or center of the isosceles triangles respectively.

[0174] Optionally, the switching parameter configuration module 16 includes:

[0175] The first configuration unit is used to configure the handover parameters for both intra-frequency and inter-frequency networking to satisfy the following: the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the ground coverage cell is less than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; and the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the ground coverage cell is greater than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

[0176] The second configuration unit is used for inter-frequency networking, where the handover parameters are further configured to satisfy the following: the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the ground coverage cell are less than the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell, respectively.

[0177] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] Reference Figure 11 This disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes: at least one processor 701; at least one memory 702; and one or more I / O interfaces 703 connected between the processor 701 and the memory 702; wherein the memory 702 stores one or more computer programs that can be executed by at least one processor 701, and the one or more computer programs are executed by at least one processor 701 to enable at least one processor 701 to perform the above-described low-altitude coverage networking method.

[0179] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned low-altitude coverage networking method. The computer-readable storage medium may be volatile or non-volatile.

[0180] In summary, the low-altitude coverage networking method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided in this disclosure determine the usage scope of low-altitude services, flexibly select co-frequency or hetero-frequency networking methods based on ground coverage cells and existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios, and merge multiple logical cells of multi-faceted base station antennas into a dedicated low-altitude coverage cell. Based on this, the installation center point is determined, antenna specifications are selected according to the low-altitude vertical height, and antennas are deployed based on a concentric circle-like equilateral polygon low-altitude coverage model to ensure continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace by the main lobe signal. Simultaneously, handover parameters are configured to prioritize terminal camps in the dedicated low-altitude coverage cell, thereby forming a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in the low-altitude airspace. This significantly reduces frequent handovers by low-altitude terminals, effectively guarantees service rates, and greatly simplifies network optimization in low-altitude scenarios. It solves the problems in existing low-altitude coverage networking methods, such as severe low-altitude overlapping coverage and cross-area coverage phenomena, and the lack of a stable primary coverage base station cell signal in low-altitude areas, which lead to frequent handovers, reduced speeds, and difficulties in network optimization.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, systems, and apparatuses disclosed above, and their functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned above does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable storage medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media).

[0182] As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory or other memory technologies, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, it is known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0183] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0184] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0185] This disclosure has disclosed exemplary embodiments, and although specific terminology has been used, it is for general illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with particular embodiments may be used alone, or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure as set forth by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A network deployment method for low-altitude coverage, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the scope of use for low-altitude air traffic services; Based on the ground coverage cells and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios within the scope of use, the frequency networking method for newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells is determined, and the frequency networking method is either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking. Identify multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; Determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna, and select the antenna specifications based on the low-altitude vertical height; Based on the installation center point, the installation positions of each selected base station antenna are determined according to a low-altitude coverage model that divides the area into concentric circles and equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna forms continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace; and... Configure the handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal device can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the frequency networking method for newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cells based on the ground coverage cells within the usage range and the existing network cells with the highest occupancy rate in low-altitude scenarios specifically includes: If the ground coverage cell is on a different frequency than the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking. If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is greater than a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be heterogeneous networking. If the ground coverage cell is on the same frequency as the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate, and the average coverage level of the existing network cell with the highest occupancy rate is less than or equal to a preset empirical value, then the frequency networking method of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell is determined to be co-frequency networking.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of merging the multiple logical cells into one logical cell specifically includes: By binding multiple radio frequency devices corresponding to the multiple logical cells to the same logical cell through the network backend, the merging of the multiple logical cells can be achieved.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna specifically includes: The low-altitude service uses a concentrated airspace and projects it vertically onto the ground to form a projection area. The center of the projection area is selected as the installation center point of the multi-faceted base station antenna.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of antenna specifications based on low-altitude vertical altitude specifically includes: Based on the aforementioned low-altitude vertical height, a base station antenna is selected with a horizontal 3dB beamwidth to vertical 3dB beamwidth ratio between 0.45 and 0.55 or between 1.8 and 2.

2.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-faceted base station antenna is a six-faced base station antenna. The determination of the installation positions of each selected base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to a low-altitude coverage model divided into concentric circle-like equilateral polygons specifically includes: Using the installation center point as the reference origin, the low-altitude coverage model is divided into 360-degree coverage directions using concentric circle-like equilateral hexagons. The fixed points of each selected specification base station antenna on the mounting bracket are marked, and the installation position of each base station antenna is determined based on the marked points. The mounting bracket is shaped like an equilateral triangle with three isosceles triangles embedded within it, and the six base station antennas are installed at the vertices or center of the isosceles triangles respectively.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The configuration of handover parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method specifically includes: For both intra-frequency and inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are configured to satisfy the following: the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is less than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the serving cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell; and the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the terrestrial coverage cell is greater than the absolute value of the handover parameter threshold of the neighboring cell of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell. For inter-frequency networking, the handover parameters are also configured to satisfy the following: the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the ground coverage cell are less than the absolute values ​​of the event A1 threshold and event A2 threshold of the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell, respectively.

8. A low-altitude coverage networking device, characterized in that, The device includes: The scope of use determination module is used to determine the scope of use for low-altitude services. The frequency networking mode determination module is connected to the usage range determination module. It is used to determine the frequency networking mode of the newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell based on the ground coverage cell and the existing network cell with the highest occupancy ratio in the low-altitude scenario within the usage range. The frequency networking mode is either co-frequency networking or hetero-frequency networking. The logical cell merging module is connected to the frequency networking method determination module. It is used to determine multiple logical cells corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antennas used for networking, and merge the multiple logical cells into one logical cell as a newly built low-altitude dedicated coverage cell. The antenna specification selection module is connected to the logical cell merging module and is used to determine the installation center point corresponding to the multi-faceted base station antenna and select the antenna specification according to the low-altitude vertical height. The installation location determination module is connected to the antenna specification selection module. It is used to determine the installation location of each selected specification base station antenna based on the installation center point and according to the low-altitude coverage model of concentric circle equilateral polygons, so that the main lobe signal of the base station antenna can form continuous coverage of the target low-altitude airspace. The switching parameter configuration module, connected to the installation location determination module, is used to configure the switching parameters between the ground coverage cell and the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell according to the frequency networking method, so that the terminal equipment can preferentially camp and stay in the low-altitude dedicated coverage cell.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores one or more computer programs that can be executed by the at least one processor, the one or more of the computer programs being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the low-altitude coverage networking method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the low-altitude coverage networking method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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