A multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting ad hoc network method suitable for nine small places

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things communication, and discloses a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting ad hoc network method suitable for nine small places, which comprises the following steps: a first wireless communication module is enabled to scan an external network access point of an intelligent fire-fighting terminal device; if the first wireless communication module is successfully connected to the external network access point within a preset time, the first wireless communication module is used as a main data transmission channel; if the first wireless communication module is not successfully connected, a second wireless communication module is enabled to enter a networking mode; the intelligent fire-fighting terminal device in the networking mode broadcasts a node discovery request frame; and response information fed back by in-network nodes within a communication range is received. The multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting ad hoc network method suitable for nine small places uses existing network resources such as Wi-Fi in the places in priority, adopts a networking architecture of "multiple nodes sharing one gateway", avoids the cost of configuring a cellular communication module and a SIM card for each device, and greatly reduces the transformation cost of users of the nine small places.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) communication technology, specifically to a method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to nine small venues. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, "nine small venues" (i.e., primary schools, small hospitals, small shops, small restaurants, small hotels, small karaoke bars, small internet cafes, small beauty salons and bathhouses, small manufacturing and processing enterprises, etc.) have become a key focus and challenge for fire prevention and control due to their large number, wide distribution, and complex functions. These venues are typically small, densely populated, and cluttered with goods, and often lack adequate automatic fire alarm facilities. Once a fire occurs, it can easily cause serious casualties and property damage. Therefore, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to build a low-cost, highly reliable intelligent fire protection system is of great significance for improving the fire safety level of these "nine small venues."

[0003] Currently, existing fire alarm communication networking methods are mainly divided into two categories: wired networking and wireless networking.

[0004] In terms of wired networking, traditional fire alarm systems typically use dual-bus or RS-485 bus connections. While wired communication offers advantages such as strong anti-interference capabilities and stable transmission, it has significant drawbacks in practical applications in small businesses: First, these businesses are often existing commercial establishments, making secondary wiring difficult, costly, and potentially damaging to the existing structure; second, the frequent changes in the business operations of these establishments result in poor flexibility and scalability of wired systems, making it difficult to meet dynamically evolving security needs.

[0005] In terms of wireless networking, single communication modes have significant drawbacks: public network solutions based on NB-IoT or 4G have indoor signal blind spots, and each device needs to pay for data traffic, resulting in high operating costs; short-range solutions based on Wi-Fi or Zigbee are susceptible to environmental interference, rely on local routing, and have the risk of single-point failure; traditional solutions based on private radio frequencies such as LoRa are mostly star or tree topologies, lacking link redundancy, and once a relay node fails, subsequent nodes will be unable to transmit alarms.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies, when applied to fire protection scenarios in small venues, generally suffer from problems such as "poor adaptability of a single communication mode, weak network resilience, and high construction and maintenance costs." In particular, considering the complex building structures and cost control requirements of small venues, there is a lack of a networking method that can integrate the advantages of multiple communication modes, possess self-healing capabilities, and maintain low costs. Therefore, a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method suitable for small venues is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network method suitable for small venues, which has advantages such as improving communication reliability in complex environments and enhancing the network's resilience and self-healing capabilities, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method applicable to small venues, comprising the following steps: S1: The first wireless communication module is activated to scan the external network access point of the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment. If the connection to the external network access point is successfully established within a preset time, the first wireless communication module is used as the main channel for data transmission. If the connection is not successful, the second wireless communication module is activated to enter the networking mode. S2: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has entered the network mode broadcasts a node discovery request frame and receives response information from network-connected nodes within the communication range; S3: When the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment detects a fire alarm signal, it generates an alarm data packet; S4: After receiving the alarm data packet transmitted via multi-hop relay, the gateway node parses and converts the data packet according to the protocol, and pushes the alarm information to the cloud server through the built-in cellular mobile communication module.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the first wireless communication module is a short-range communication module based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol or the Bluetooth protocol, and the second wireless communication module is a low-power wide-area network communication module with long-distance transmission capability. When the intelligent fire-fighting terminal device activates the first wireless communication module to scan external network access points, if it detects a preset dedicated Wi-Fi signal and successfully authenticates it, it determines that the first wireless communication module is usable. If it only detects a public Wi-Fi signal but cannot pass the Internet connection test, it determines that the first wireless communication module is unusable and forcibly activates the second wireless communication module.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the intelligent fire protection terminal device calculates the path cost based on the hop count to the gateway node, link signal quality, and remaining power information carried in the response information, and selects the network-connected node with the lowest path cost as the parent node to establish a routing relationship.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the intelligent fire protection terminal device simultaneously calls the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module to send the alarm data packet concurrently; If the first wireless communication module fails to transmit, the second wireless communication module will relay the data to the gateway node via the parent node through a multi-hop relay.

[0012] Preferably, the formula for calculating the path cost function in step S2 is: ; Where Cost is the path cost, and Hop is the path cost. Count The number of hops to the gateway node, RSSI is the Received Signal Strength Indicator, and Battery Level The remaining battery percentage of the parent node, where A, B, and C are preset weighting coefficients; The intelligent fire protection terminal device selects the network-connected node with the lowest Cost value as the parent node.

[0013] Preferably, step S3 further includes: After generating an alarm data packet, the intelligent fire-fighting terminal device encapsulates it into a first data frame suitable for the first wireless communication module and a second data frame suitable for the second wireless communication module. A first transmission time window and a second transmission time window are set. Within the first transmission time window, the first wireless communication module attempts to send the first data frame directly to the gateway or router. If no transmission confirmation signal is received within the first transmission time window, the second data frame is immediately sent within the second transmission time window using the second wireless communication module.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps for multi-hop relay transmission via the second wireless communication module in step S3 include: The current node broadcasts an alarm data packet. After receiving the alarm data packet, neighboring nodes within the communication range check whether there is a valid path to the gateway node in their own routing table. If it exists, the neighboring node adds its own ID to the relay path field of the data packet and forwards it to the next hop node until the data packet reaches the gateway node; If a neighboring node receives the same alarm data packet from different previous hop nodes, it will perform deduplication based on the timestamp or sequence number in the data packet and forward only the earliest received data packet.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes step S5, link maintenance and self-healing, specifically as follows: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has been connected to the network sends heartbeat frames to the parent node according to the preset heartbeat cycle; If the parent node does not receive a response after losing a preset number of heartbeat frames, the current link is determined to be faulty, and step S2 is immediately re-executed to search for a new parent node in the network to rebuild the transmission link.

[0016] Preferably, the second wireless communication module uses LoRa spread spectrum communication technology or Sub-1G radio frequency communication technology; The gateway node is configured as an aggregation device that simultaneously possesses a second wireless communication module and a cellular mobile communication module, used to realize the conversion between heterogeneous network protocols and Internet protocols.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method suitable for small venues, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method applicable to small venues prioritizes the use of existing Wi-Fi and other network resources in the venues and adopts a networking architecture of "multiple nodes sharing one gateway", which avoids the cost of configuring cellular communication modules and SIM cards for each device, and greatly reduces the transformation cost for users of small venues.

[0018] 2. This multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method applicable to small venues adopts a multi-mode heterogeneous concurrent transmission mechanism, combining the high bandwidth of short-distance communication with the strong penetration of long-distance communication, effectively solving the signal blind spot problem caused by wall obstruction and electromagnetic interference in small venues.

[0019] 3. This multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method applicable to nine small venues is based on multi-hop routing and link self-healing mechanism of Mesh topology. When a relay node is damaged by fire or fails due to power failure, the network can automatically reconstruct the transmission path to ensure uninterrupted reporting of alarm information and overcome the defect of single point failure in traditional star network. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network method applicable to nine small venues proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network applicable to small venues includes the following steps: S1: The first wireless communication module is activated to scan the external network access point of the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment. If the connection to the external network access point is successfully established within a preset time, the first wireless communication module is used as the main channel for data transmission. If the connection is not successful, the second wireless communication module is activated to enter the networking mode. S2: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has entered the network mode broadcasts a node discovery request frame and receives response information from network-connected nodes within the communication range; S3: When the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment detects a fire alarm signal, it generates an alarm data packet; S4: After receiving the alarm data packet transmitted via multi-hop relay, the gateway node parses and converts the data packet according to the protocol, and pushes the alarm information to the cloud server through the built-in cellular mobile communication module.

[0023] In step S1, the first wireless communication module is a short-range communication module based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol or the Bluetooth protocol, and the second wireless communication module is a low-power wide-area network communication module with long-distance transmission capability. The second wireless communication module adopts LoRa spread spectrum communication technology or Sub-1G radio frequency communication technology; The gateway node is configured as an aggregation device that simultaneously possesses a second wireless communication module and a cellular mobile communication module, used to realize the conversion between heterogeneous network protocols and Internet protocols.

[0024] When the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment activates the first wireless communication module to scan for external network access points, if it detects a preset dedicated Wi-Fi signal and successfully authenticates it, it determines that the first wireless communication module is usable. If it only detects a public Wi-Fi signal but cannot pass the Internet connection test, it determines that the first wireless communication module is unusable and forcibly activates the second wireless communication module.

[0025] In step S2, the intelligent fire protection terminal device calculates the path cost based on the hop count to the gateway node, link signal quality, and remaining power information carried in the response information, and selects the network node with the lowest path cost as the parent node to establish a routing relationship.

[0026] The formula for calculating the path cost function in step S2 is as follows: ; Where Cost is the path cost, and Hop is the path cost. Count The number of hops to the gateway node, RSSI is the Received Signal Strength Indicator, and Battery Level The remaining battery percentage of the parent node, where A, B, and C are preset weighting coefficients; The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment selects the network node with the lowest cost value as the parent node.

[0027] In step S3, the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment simultaneously calls the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module to send alarm data packets concurrently; If the first wireless communication module fails to transmit, the second wireless communication module will relay the data to the gateway node via a multi-hop relay from the parent node.

[0028] Step S3 also includes: After generating an alarm data packet, the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment encapsulates it into a first data frame suitable for the first wireless communication module and a second data frame suitable for the second wireless communication module. A first transmission time window and a second transmission time window are set. Within the first transmission time window, the first wireless communication module attempts to send the first data frame directly to the gateway or router. If no transmission confirmation signal is received within the first transmission time window, the second data frame is immediately sent within the second transmission time window using the second wireless communication module.

[0029] The specific steps for multi-hop relay transmission via the second wireless communication module in step S3 include: The current node broadcasts an alarm data packet. After receiving the alarm data packet, neighboring nodes within the communication range check whether there is a valid path to the gateway node in their own routing table. If it exists, the neighboring node adds its own ID to the relay path field of the data packet and forwards it to the next hop node until the data packet reaches the gateway node; If a neighboring node receives the same alarm data packet from different previous hop nodes, it will perform deduplication based on the timestamp or sequence number in the data packet and forward only the earliest received data packet.

[0030] It also includes step S5, link maintenance and self-healing, specifically: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has been connected to the network sends heartbeat frames to the parent node according to the preset heartbeat cycle; If the parent node does not receive a response after losing a preset number of heartbeat frames, the current link is determined to be faulty, and step S2 is immediately re-executed to search for a new parent node in the network to rebuild the transmission link.

[0031] This system mainly consists of several intelligent fire protection terminal devices, at least one gateway node, and a cloud server.

[0032] 1. Intelligent fire protection terminal equipment: installed in various rooms or areas of small venues. Its core hardware includes a microcontroller, smoke / temperature sensors, a power management module, and a dual-mode communication unit.

[0033] The dual-mode communication unit includes: a first wireless communication module, which uses an ESP32 series chip and supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth BLE 5.0 protocols, for accessing existing public routers in the venue; and a second wireless communication module, which uses an SX1278 or SX1262 series chip, supports LoRa spread spectrum communication technology, operates in a frequency band of 433MHz or 470MHz, and has high receiving sensitivity and strong penetration.

[0034] 2. Gateway Node: Deployed in locations with good network coverage or near windows. In addition to all the functions of the aforementioned intelligent fire protection terminal equipment, it also integrates a 4G Cat.1 communication module and an Ethernet interface. The gateway node is responsible for encapsulating the local data received by the second wireless communication module into TCP / IP protocol data packets and sending them to the cloud via the 4G network.

[0035] The workflow specifically includes the following steps: Step S1: Multimode communication initialization and link selection After the intelligent fire protection terminal device is powered on, the MCU first initializes the first wireless communication module (Wi-Fi) and enables the scanning function.

[0036] (1) If the preset Wi-Fi SSID (such as the store's dedicated router signal) is detected within 5 seconds, (2) after the connection is successful, the device sends an ICMP Ping packet or HTTP request to the cloud server (such as ping 8.8.8.8) to determine the external network connectivity.

[0037] (3) If the connectivity test passes, the device enters "direct connection mode" and daily heartbeat and alarm data are transmitted through the Wi-Fi channel first, reducing the occupation of the LoRa channel.

[0038] (4) If the preset Wi-Fi is not detected, or the connection fails, or the connectivity test times out, the MCU immediately controls the first wireless communication module to enter sleep mode and wakes up the second wireless communication module (LoRa) to enter “network mode”.

[0039] Step S2: Heterogeneous Network Construction and Route Discovery In network mode, the LoRa module is in receive mode.

[0040] (1) A new node (node ​​A) broadcasts a “network access request frame”, which contains the ID and device type of node A.

[0041] (2) Upon receiving the request, the network-connected nodes (Node B and Node C) within the communication range reply with a "routing response frame". The response frame contains: hop count information (Hop Count, i.e., the number of hops from itself to the gateway + 1), signal strength indication (RSSI value), and its remaining battery percentage (Battery_Level).

[0042] (3) After receiving multiple responses, node A calls the path cost algorithm for filtering. In this embodiment, the weight coefficients A, B, and C are set to 1, 10, and 5 respectively. The calculation formula is as follows: ; RSSI is a negative value, and its absolute value is used for calculation. (4) Node A selects the node with the smallest Cost value (assuming it is node B) as its parent node, sends a “network access confirmation frame” to node B, establishes a parent-child binding relationship, and registers it in the local routing table.

[0043] 3. Step S3: Multi-mode concurrent data transmission When the sensors in the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment detect that the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold (e.g., 0.5 mg / m³), 3 When ), the alarm process is triggered: (1) The MCU generates an alarm data packet, which includes timestamp, device ID, alarm type and value.

[0044] (2) The MCU encapsulates the data packets into Wi-Fi data frames and LoRa data frames respectively.

[0045] (3) Concurrent transmission logic: The device starts two modules at the same time. For the Wi-Fi module, a first transmission time window of 100ms is set; for the LoRa module, a transmission listening window of 500ms is set.

[0046] ① If the Wi-Fi module receives an ACK confirmation from the router within 100ms, it is considered that the transmission through the first channel was successful. The LoRa module can choose whether to continue transmitting according to the policy (as a redundancy backup).

[0047] ② If the Wi-Fi module does not receive an ACK within 100ms (e.g., a power outage causes the router to shut down), the MCU determines that the first channel has failed, and the LoRa module immediately sends an alarm data frame to the parent node.

[0048] 4. Step S4: Gateway aggregation and relay deduplication (1) In a LoRa network, after the parent node receives the alarm data frame from the child node, it first checks the "serial number" and "source ID" in the frame. If the sequence number already exists in the local cache, it is discarded directly to prevent duplicate forwarding (deduplication mechanism).

[0049] (2) After confirming that it is new data, the parent node adds its own ID to the "path information field" of the data frame and forwards it to the next hop node according to its own routing table until the data frame reaches the gateway node.

[0050] (3) After receiving the LoRa data frame, the gateway node parses out the payload and uses the MQTT protocol through the internally integrated 4G module to publish the alarm data to the corresponding Topic on the cloud server.

[0051] 5. Step S5: Link Maintenance and Self-Healing (1) A node in network mode sends a “heartbeat frame” to its parent node every 60 minutes.

[0052] (2) The parent node receives the message and replies with "heartbeat confirmation".

[0053] (3) If a node sends three consecutive heartbeat frames (total duration of approximately 180 minutes) without receiving an acknowledgment, the parent node is deemed to be ineffective (possibly due to removal or power failure).

[0054] (4) At this time, the node immediately clears the contents of the parent node in the local routing table and re-executes step S2 to broadcast and search for a new parent node, thereby realizing the self-healing of the network.

[0055] Take a typical "small restaurant" as an example. The restaurant is divided into a front-of-house area and a back-of-house area. The front-of-house area is covered by a commercial Wi-Fi router with a good signal; the back-of-house area is separated by a fire door and is equipped with stainless steel kitchen utensils, so the Wi-Fi signal is extremely weak or non-existent.

[0056] 1. Deployment phase: Install smoke detector A in the back kitchen, smoke detector B (which also serves as a relay) in the front hall corridor, and gateway C near the window in the front hall.

[0057] 2. Network Deployment Phase: (1) When smoke detector A is powered on, it cannot connect to Wi-Fi. When LoRa is enabled, it broadcasts its network access.

[0058] (2) Smoke sensor B is powered on and successfully connects to Wi-Fi (enters direct connection mode), and also enables LoRa monitoring. After receiving the broadcast from smoke sensor A, smoke sensor B replies: "I am node B, hop count to gateway is 1, signal is strong, battery is sufficient."

[0059] (3) Smoke sensor A selects smoke sensor B as its parent node.

[0060] 3. Alarm stage: (1) A fire broke out in the kitchen, and smoke detector A detected smoke. Smoke detector A attempted to send an alarm via Wi-Fi but failed, so it immediately sent an alarm to smoke detector B via LoRa.

[0061] (2) After receiving the alarm, smoke detector B will sound an alarm locally on the one hand; on the other hand, it will use its own Wi-Fi channel to directly upload the alarm information of smoke detector A to the cloud through the router (at this time, smoke detector B acts as a "virtual gateway" to the Internet); or send it to the gateway C by the window via LoRa.

[0062] (3) The cloud receives the alarm and sends a fire alarm text message to the shop owner's mobile phone.

[0063] Through the above implementation methods, the present invention effectively solves the problem of fire alarm coverage in complex environments of small venues, making use of existing network resources to reduce costs and ensuring high communication reliability through LoRa self-organizing network.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0065] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network applicable to nine small venues, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The first wireless communication module is activated to scan the external network access point of the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment. If the connection to the external network access point is successfully established within a preset time, the first wireless communication module is used as the main channel for data transmission. If the connection is not successful, the second wireless communication module is activated to enter the networking mode. S2: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has entered the network mode broadcasts a node discovery request frame and receives response information from network-connected nodes within the communication range; S3: When the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment detects a fire alarm signal, it generates an alarm data packet; S4: After receiving the alarm data packet transmitted via multi-hop relay, the gateway node parses and converts the data packet according to the protocol, and pushes the alarm information to the cloud server through the built-in cellular mobile communication module.

2. The method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the first wireless communication module is a short-range communication module based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol or the Bluetooth protocol, and the second wireless communication module is a low-power wide-area network communication module with long-distance transmission capability. When the intelligent fire-fighting terminal device activates the first wireless communication module to scan external network access points, if it detects a preset dedicated Wi-Fi signal and successfully authenticates it, it determines that the first wireless communication module is usable. If it only detects a public Wi-Fi signal but cannot pass the Internet connection test, it determines that the first wireless communication module is unusable and forcibly activates the second wireless communication module.

3. The method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the intelligent fire protection terminal device calculates the path cost based on the hop count to the gateway node, link signal quality, and remaining power information carried in the response information, and selects the network-connected node with the lowest path cost as the parent node to establish a routing relationship.

4. The method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire protection self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the intelligent fire protection terminal equipment simultaneously calls the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module to send the alarm data packet concurrently. If the first wireless communication module fails to transmit, the second wireless communication module will relay the data to the gateway node via the parent node through a multi-hop relay.

5. A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the path cost function in step S2 is as follows: ； Where Cost is the path cost, and Hop is the path cost. Count The number of hops to the gateway node, RSSI is the Received Signal Strength Indicator, and Battery Level The remaining battery percentage of the parent node, where A, B, and C are preset weighting coefficients; The intelligent fire protection terminal device selects the network-connected node with the lowest Cost value as the parent node.

6. The method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 also includes: After generating an alarm data packet, the intelligent fire-fighting terminal device encapsulates it into a first data frame suitable for the first wireless communication module and a second data frame suitable for the second wireless communication module. A first transmission time window and a second transmission time window are set. Within the first transmission time window, the first wireless communication module attempts to send the first data frame directly to the gateway or router. If no transmission confirmation signal is received within the first transmission time window, the second data frame is immediately sent within the second transmission time window using the second wireless communication module.

7. A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for multi-hop relay transmission via the second wireless communication module in step S3 include: The current node broadcasts an alarm data packet. After receiving the alarm data packet, neighboring nodes within the communication range check whether there is a valid path to the gateway node in their own routing table. If it exists, the neighboring node adds its own ID to the relay path field of the data packet and forwards it to the next hop node until the data packet reaches the gateway node; If a neighboring node receives the same alarm data packet from different previous hop nodes, it will perform deduplication based on the timestamp or sequence number in the data packet and forward only the earliest received data packet.

8. A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step S5, link maintenance and self-healing, specifically: The intelligent fire protection terminal equipment that has been connected to the network sends heartbeat frames to the parent node according to the preset heartbeat cycle; If the parent node does not receive a response after losing a preset number of heartbeat frames, the current link is determined to be faulty, and step S2 is immediately re-executed to search for a new parent node in the network to rebuild the transmission link.

9. A method for a multi-mode heterogeneous fire-fighting self-organizing network applicable to small venues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second wireless communication module adopts LoRa spread spectrum communication technology or Sub-1G radio frequency communication technology; The gateway node is configured as an aggregation device that simultaneously possesses a second wireless communication module and a cellular mobile communication module, used to realize the conversion between heterogeneous network protocols and Internet protocols.

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