Efficient rate control mac ce design for multi-modal services

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) performs a method comprising: receiving, by the UE from a network apparatus, a rate control medium access control element (MAC CE), the rate control MAC CE including an indication of a rate control parameter indicating a bit rate value; determining, by the UE, a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the rate control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer; and applying, by the UE, the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow of the N-1 QoS flows based on the corresponding rule. The rate control MAC CE further includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] The following applications are relevant: U.S. Patent Application No. 335830-US-PSP; U.S. Patent Application No. 336126-US-PSP; U.S. Patent Application No. 336131-US-PSP; and UK Patent Application No. 3361370-GB-NP. Technical Field

[0002] The various example embodiments generally relate to wireless networks, and more specifically to the configuration of an efficient rate control MAC CE design for multimodal services. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless networks offer significant advantages to user mobility. The ability to stay connected while on the move not only benefits users but also contributes to greater efficiency and productivity across society. As users' expectations for connection reliability, data speed, and battery life increase, wireless network technology must keep pace. Therefore, there is a continued interest in improving wireless network technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The independent claims provide the subject matter for several aspects. The dependent claims define several additional aspects.

[0005] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to at least perform: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes an identifier; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule for using the bit rate values.

[0006] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the UE to at least perform: receiving from the network device an activation MAC CE, the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0007] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0008] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0009] In one aspect, the application of the determined RBR by the UE to the corresponding QoS flow may include applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0010] In one aspect, the identifier may include the logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of the multiple QoS flows.

[0011] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0012] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0013] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0014] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0015] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0016] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes an identifier; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule for using the bit rate values.

[0017] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method comprising: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes an identifier; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule for using the bit rate values.

[0018] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a network apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network apparatus to at least perform: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network apparatus to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier of at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0019] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the network device to perform at least the following: sending an activation MAC CE to the user equipment (UE), the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0020] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0021] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0022] In one aspect, the identifier may include the logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of the multiple QoS flows.

[0023] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0024] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0025] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0026] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0027] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0028] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: a network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier of at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0029] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least one method comprising: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes an identifier of at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0030] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to at least perform: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios.

[0031] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the UE to at least perform: receiving an activation MAC CE from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0032] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0033] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate corresponding rules for using steps and / or ratios.

[0034] In one aspect, the application of the determined RBR by the UE to the corresponding QoS flow may include applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0035] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may also include a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of multiple QoS flows.

[0036] In one respect, the number of steps can be based on a bit rate table.

[0037] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0038] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0039] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0040] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios.

[0041] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method comprising: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 quality of service (QoS) flows based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios.

[0042] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a network apparatus includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network apparatus to at least perform: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network apparatus to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) streams based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0043] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the network device to at least perform: sending an activation media access control element (MAC CE) to a user equipment (UE), wherein the activation MAC CE includes an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0044] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0045] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate corresponding rules for using steps and / or ratios.

[0046] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may also include a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of multiple QoS flows.

[0047] In one respect, the number of steps can be based on a bit rate table.

[0048] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0049] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0050] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0051] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: a network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0052] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least one method comprising: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating steps and / or ratios; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) streams based on the steps and / or ratios in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the steps and / or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0053] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting an adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule.

[0054] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the UE to at least perform: receiving an activation MAC CE from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0055] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0056] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0057] In one aspect, applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE may include applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support the adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap.

[0058] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0059] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0060] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0061] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0062] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0063] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support an adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap; determining a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule.

[0064] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to at least: receive a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap; determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of N-1 QoS flows based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and a correspondence rule for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer; and apply the determined RBR to a corresponding QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the correspondence rule.

[0065] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a network apparatus includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network apparatus to at least perform: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0066] In one aspect, when executed by at least one processor, the instruction may also cause the network device to perform at least the following: send an activation MAC CE to the UE, the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0067] In one respect, multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0068] In one respect, activating MAC CE can be configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0069] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0070] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0071] In one respect, the bit rate value can be indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0072] In one respect, the UE can determine the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0073] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may include a field indicating whether the RBR applies to the uplink or downlink.

[0074] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: a network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support an adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0075] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least: sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap; and causing the UE to determine a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in a second QoS flow based on the bit rate values ​​in the rate control MAC CE and corresponding rules for using the bit rate values, where N is a positive integer.

[0076] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least: receiving an activation media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows to which the rate control MAC CE is applicable, the plurality of QoS flows including a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow, where N is a positive integer; receiving a rate control MAC CE from the network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of a bit rate control parameter, the bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value for the first QoS flow; determining, based on the rate control MAC CE, a value for a step count and / or a ratio of bit rate changes; and determining, based on the determined value, a recommended bit rate (RBR) for the second QoS flow.

[0077] In one respect, the step count and / or the ratio of bit rate changes can be based on a bit rate table, and the bit rate table can be predefined with indexes mapped to bit rate values.

[0078] In one respect, the indication of the bit rate control parameters may include a first index value of the first bit rate value of the first QoS stream.

[0079] In one aspect, the UE can be configured to know the second bit rate value and / or the second index value of the second bit rate value from the bit rate table of the first QoS stream.

[0080] In one aspect, the rate control MAC CE may also include a logical channel identifier (LCID), a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of a plurality of QoS flows, or a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap for a second QoS flow or N QoS flows.

[0081] In one aspect, the UE can be configured to know the third bit rate value and / or the third index value of the third bit rate value from the bit rate table of at least one of the second QoS flows.

[0082] In one respect, multiple QoS streams can support adaptive bit rates.

[0083] In one respect, the number of steps based on the bit rate table can be determined by subtracting the first index value from the second index value.

[0084] In one respect, when the step count is positive, the UE can move up the step count in the bit rate table and select a lower bit rate value.

[0085] In one respect, when the step count is negative, the UE can move down in the bit rate table and select a higher bit rate value.

[0086] In one aspect, determining the recommended bit rate for the second QoS flow may include: the UE determining a fourth index value of the fourth bit rate value from a bit rate table by adding a step to a third index value; and the UE applying the fourth bit rate value to at least one second QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the fourth index value in the bit rate table.

[0087] In one respect, the rate of change of bit rate can be determined by dividing the first bit rate value by the second bit rate value.

[0088] In one aspect, determining the recommended bit rate for a second QoS stream may include: determining a fifth bit rate value by multiplying the ratio of the bit rate change by a third bit rate value; and having the UE apply the fifth bit rate value to at least one second QoS stream within the second QoS stream.

[0089] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving, by a user equipment (UE), an activation media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies, the plurality of QoS flows including a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow, where N is a positive integer; receiving, by the UE, a rate control MAC CE from the network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of a bit rate control parameter, the bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value for the first QoS flow; determining, by the UE, a value of a step number and / or a ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and determining, by the UE, a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the second QoS flows based on the determined value.

[0090] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: receiving, by the UE, an activation media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows to which a rate control MAC CE is applicable, the plurality of QoS flows including a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow, N being a positive integer; receiving, by the UE, a rate control MAC CE from the network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of a bit rate control parameter, the bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value for the first QoS flow; determining, by the UE, a value of a step number and / or a ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and determining, by the UE, a recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the second QoS flows based on the determined value. Attached Figure Description

[0091] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an example embodiment of wireless networking between a network system and a user equipment (UE) according to an illustrative aspect of this disclosure;

[0093] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example component of a network system according to an aspect of this disclosure;

[0094] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating a single-rate control MAC CE according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0095] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating a single-rate control MAC CE according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0096] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating a single-rate control MAC CE according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0097] Figures 6A-6C This is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE and a source radio station or source node (e.g., a network node such as a gNodeB (gNB)) according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0098] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a processing step at a UE according to one aspect of this disclosure; and

[0099] Figure 8 This is a diagram of an example block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., a network node (such as a gNodeB (gNB)), a user node or UE, a relay node or other node) according to an illustrative aspect of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0100] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed aspects. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the aspects can be practiced without one or more of these specific details or using other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with transmitters, receivers, or transceivers are not shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the aspects.

[0101] In this specification, references to "an aspect" or "one aspect" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with that aspect is included in at least one aspect. Therefore, the appearance of the phrase "in an aspect" or "in one aspect" in various places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more aspects.

[0102] The embodiments described in this disclosure can be implemented in wireless network devices, such as, but not limited to, devices utilizing: Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, 2G), GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), General Packet Radio Service (GRPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System based on Basic Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) (UMTS, 3G), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE, Enhanced LTE (eLTE), 5G New Radio (5G NR), Advanced 5G, 6G (and higher), and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6), etc. The term 'eLTE' here refers to LTE evolution connected to a 5G core. LTE is also known as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN).

[0103] This disclosure may use the term "serving network device" to refer to a network node or network device (or part thereof) serving a UE. As used herein, the terms "send to," "receive from," and "cooperate with" (and variations thereof) include communication that may or may not involve communication via one or more intermediate devices or nodes. The term "acquire" (and variations thereof) includes initial acquisition or reacquisition after initial acquisition. The term "connection" may refer to a physical connection or a logical connection.

[0104] This disclosure uses 5G NR as an example of a wireless network, and may use smartphones and / or extended reality headsets as examples of user equipment (UE). It should be understood that such examples are merely illustrative, and this disclosure applies to other wireless networks and user equipment.

[0105] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of wireless networking between network system 100 and user equipment (UE) 150. Network system 100 may include one or more network nodes 120, one or more servers 110, and / or one or more network devices 130 (e.g., test equipment). Network node 120 will be described in more detail below. As used herein, the term "network apparatus" can refer to any component of network system 100, such as server 110, network node 120, network device 130, any(multiple) components of the foregoing, and / or any(multiple) other components of network system 100. Examples of network apparatus include, but are not limited to, apparatuses for implementing various aspects of 5G NR. This disclosure describes embodiments related to 5G NR and embodiments relating to aspects defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, it is contemplated that embodiments related to other wireless network technologies are also covered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0106] The following description provides further details of examples of network nodes. In a 5G NR network, a gNodeB (also known as a gNB) may include, for example, a node that provides a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol termination toward the UE and is connected to the 5G core (5GC) via an NG interface, such as according to Section 3.2 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0107] gNB supports various protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (i.e., the physical layer), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3).

[0108] NR's Layer 2 (L2) is divided into the following sublayers: Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), among which: ○ The physical layer provides a transmission channel to the MAC sublayer; ○ The MAC sublayer provides logical channels to the RLC sublayer; ○ The RLC sublayer provides RLC channels to the PDCP sublayer; ○ The PDCP sublayer provides radio bearers to the SDAP sublayer; ○ The SDAP sublayer provides Quality of Service (QoS) flows to 5GC; ○ The control channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and the Physical Control Channel (PCCH).

[0109] Layer 3 (L3) includes, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) conforming to Section 6 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0110] The gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) includes, for example, a logical node that hosts, for example, the gNB's Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols, or the en-gNB's RRC and PDCP protocols. This logical node controls the operation of one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DUs). The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The gNB-CU may also be referred to herein as a CU, Central Unit, Centralized Unit, or Control Unit.

[0111] A gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) includes, for example, a logical node that hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and Physical (PHY) layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partially controlled by the gNB-CU. A gNB-DU supports one or more cells. A cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-CU. The gNB-DU may also be referred to herein as a DU or Distributed Unit.

[0112] As used herein, the term "network node" may refer to any gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or any combination thereof. RAN (Radio Access Network) nodes or network nodes (such as, for example, gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or portions thereof) may be implemented using means, for example, having at least one processor and / or at least one memory having processor-readable instructions ("program") configured to support and / or supply and / or process CU and / or DU related functions and / or features, and / or at least one protocol (sub) layer of the RAN (Radio Access Network), such as Layer 2 and / or Layer 3. Different functional divisions may exist between the central unit and the distributed units. The following will combine... Figure 8 Examples describing such devices and components.

[0113] The gNB-CU and gNB-DU portions can be co-located or physically separated. The gNB-DU can even be further divided into two parts, for example, one part including processing equipment and the other including an antenna. The Central Unit (CU) can also be referred to as a Baseband Unit / Radio Device Controller / Cloud RAN / Virtual RAN (BBU / REC / C-RAN / V-RAN), Open RAN (O-RAN), or a portion thereof. The Distributed Unit (DU) can also be referred to as a Remote Radio Headend / Remote Radio Unit / Radio Device / Radio Unit (RRH / RRU / RE / RU), or a portion thereof. In the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, a network node supporting at least one of the Central Unit functions or Layer 3 protocols of a radio access network can be, for example, a gNB-CU. Similarly, a network node supporting at least one of the Distributed Unit functions or Layer 2 protocols of a radio access network can also be, for example, a gNB-DU.

[0114] A gNB-CU can support one or more gNB-DUs. A gNB-DU can support one or more cells, and therefore can support the serving cell of a user equipment (UE), or a candidate cell for procedures such as handover, dual connectivity, and / or carrier aggregation.

[0115] User equipment (UE) 150 may be or include wireless or mobile devices, devices having a wireless interface for interacting with a RAN (Radio Access Network), smartphones, in-vehicle devices, IoT devices, or machine-to-machine (M2M) devices, and other types of user equipment. Such a UE 150 may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the device to perform at least certain operations, such as, for example, an RRC connection with the RAN. Examples of UE components will be combined. Figure 5 The following description is provided. In an embodiment, UE 150 may be configured to generate messages (e.g., including a cell ID) to be transmitted wirelessly to the RAN (e.g., to reach and communicate with the serving cell). In an embodiment, UE 150 may generate, transmit, and receive RRC messages containing one or more RRC PDUs (Packet Data Units). Those skilled in the art will understand the RRC protocol and other processes that the UE may perform.

[0116] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In the example of a 5G NR network, network system 100 provides one or more cells that define the coverage area of ​​network system 100. As described above, network system 100 may include a gNB of the 5G NR network, or may include any other means configured to control wireless communications and manage radio resources within the cell. As used herein, the term "resource" may refer to radio resources such as resource blocks (RBs), physical resource blocks (PRBs), radio frames, subframes, time slots, subbands, frequency regions, subcarriers, beams, etc. In embodiments, network node 120 may be referred to as a base station.

[0117] Figure 1 An example is provided and is only for illustrative purposes regarding network system 100 and UE 150. Those skilled in the art will understand that network system 100 includes... Figure 1 Components not shown in the diagram, and it will be understood that other user devices can communicate with network system 100.

[0118] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of example components of network system 100. A 5G NR network can be described as an example of network system 100, and the aspects described below should also apply to other types of network systems. The network system can be configured according to... Figure 1The signals and connections shown operate to enable UE 150 to communicate with network system 100 via radio access network 225. Furthermore, as shown and described herein, the network system can be divided into user plane components and functions and control plane components and functions. Unless otherwise stated, the terms "component," "function," and "service" are used interchangeably herein and can refer to instructions executed by and implemented by one or more processors.

[0119] The following describes example functionality of these components. This example functionality is illustrative only, and it should be understood that the components described herein can perform additional operations and functions. Furthermore, connections between components can be virtual connections via service-based interfaces, allowing any component to communicate with any other component. In this way, any component can act as a service "producer" for any other component acting as a service "consumer" to provide services for network functions.

[0120] For example, core network 210 is described in the control plane of the network system. Core network 210 may include Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 211, Access and Mobility Function (AMF) 212, and Session Management Function (SMF) 213. Core network 210 may also include Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 214, Network Exposure Function (NEF) 215, Network Repository Function (NRF) 216, and Unified Data Management Function (UDM) 217, which may include Unified Data Repository (UDR) 224.

[0121] Additional components and functions of the core network 210 may include application functions 218, policy control functions (PCF) 219, network data analysis functions (NWDAF) 220, analytical data repository functions (ADRF) 221, management data analysis functions (MDAF) 222, and operation and management functions (OAM) 223.

[0122] The user plane includes UE 150, Radio Access Network (RAN) 225, User Plane Function (UPF) 226, and Data Network (DN) 227. RAN 225 may include a combination of Figure 1 The RAN 225 describes one or more components, such as one or more network nodes. However, the RAN 225 may not be limited to such components. The UPF 226 provides connectivity for data transmitted through the RAN 225. For example, DN226 identifies services from service providers, internet access, and third-party services.

[0123] AMF 212 handles connectivity and mobility tasks. AUSF 211 receives authentication requests from AMF 212 and interacts with UDM 217 to authenticate and verify network responses to determine successful authentication. SMF 213 performs Packet Data Unit (PDU) session management and manages the session context with UPF 226.

[0124] NSSF 214 can select a Network Slice Instance (NSI) and determine the allowed Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information (NSSAI). This selection and determination are used to set up AMF 212 to provide services to UE 150. NEF 215 ensures third-party access to network services to create specialized network services. NRF 216 acts as a repository for storing network functions to allow these functions to register and discover each other.

[0125] UDM 217 generates authentication vectors for use by AUSF 211 and ADM 212 and provides user identity processing. UDM 217 can connect to UDR 224, which stores data associated with authentication, applications, etc. AF 218 provides application services (e.g., streaming services) to users. PCF 219 provides policy control functions. For example, PCF 219 can assist with network slicing and mobility management, and provide Quality of Service (QoS) and accounting functions.

[0126] NWDAF 220 collects data (e.g., from UE 150 and network systems) to perform network analytics and provide insights into the capabilities that utilize that analytics during service provision. ADRF 221 allows consumers to store, retrieve, and remove data and analytics. MDAF 222 provides additional data analytics services for network functions. OAM 223 provides provisioning and management processing capabilities to manage elements in or connected to the network (e.g., UE 150, network nodes, etc.).

[0127] Figure 2 These are merely examples of components of a network system, and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the network system may include... Figure 2 Other components not shown in the diagram. In embodiments, the network system may not include... Figure 2 Each component is shown. In an embodiment, components and connections can be used with... Figure 2 The connections shown are implemented using different connections. Such and other embodiments are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0128] refer to Figures 3-5This diagram illustrates a single-rate controlled media access control element (MAC CE). When congestion exists in a network node, adapting the bit rate of only a single Quality of Service (QoS) flow to alleviate congestion may be insufficient and / or inefficient, especially when multiple QoS flows can provide adaptive codecs. Furthermore, current solutions for adapting multiple QoS flows (e.g., multiple rate control MAC CEs or multiple rate control signaling methods) require additional MAC CE overhead to adapt each flow individually and / or lack the utilization of potential interdependencies between multimodal flows for the same application. To enhance congestion mitigation, the bit rate of multiple QoS flows can be adapted. Figure 3 Single-rate control (MAC) CE is an efficient solution for mitigating congestion in multimodal applications, which may have multiple QoS flows that are interdependent on the end-user's overall quality of experience (QoE). As used herein, "congestion" can refer to a situation where network resources (such as bandwidth, processing power, and / or transmission capacity) are overloaded due to high demand, resulting in a decline in performance and / or QoE. Congestion can occur in various parts of the network.

[0129] For example, a single-rate control MAC CE can include a rate control MAC CE that considers prior knowledge of the interdependencies of different Quality of Service (QoS) flows for the same application, rather than processing different QoS flows independently. Specifically, with the help of QoS flow group and / or dependency information (e.g., Multimodal Service Identifier (MMSID)) (which indicates that the rate control MAC CE applies to multiple QoS flows with the same QoS flow group ID), different solutions based on implicit and explicit indications of rate control via the MAC CE can be implemented, leveraging the potential interdependencies of multimodal flows for the same application. In each respect, one or more bit rate values ​​in a single rate control MAC CE are applied to multiple QoS flows, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0130] Further reference Figure 3A single-rate control MAC CE can be applied to multiple QoS flows that use implicit rate control to provide an adaptive codec. For example, a network node sends a single-rate control MAC CE to the UE (e.g., a MAC CE typically used for a single QoS flow and / or an explicit indication of no QoS flow). Based on pre-configured rules and / or implementations, the UE uses the single-rate control MAC CE (e.g., an indication) and derives a rate control value, such as an updated recommended bit rate (RBR) for multiple QoS flows and / or QoS flows linked via the same identifier, such as the same MMSID and / or QoS flow group ID or logical channel group (LCG) (e.g., similar to the currently specified "recommended bit rate" MAC CE, which indicates the recommended bit rate for a QoS flow).

[0131] A UE can have multiple active QoS flows, with a subset of these flows belonging to a multimodal application. When network node conditions and / or congestion change, the network node may wish to adapt the bit rates of multiple QoS flows belonging to the same multimodal application. To this end, certain rules and / or implementation criteria can be defined for the UE, where the UE can drive the amount by which the bit rates of all other QoS flows should change based on the indicated bit rate of a specific LCH / QoS flow. This can be implemented in different ways depending on the configuration provided by the network node via activating MAC CE.

[0132] For example, based on the RBR of a specific logical channel (LCH) and / or QoS flow from a rate control MAC CE (e.g., an RBR MAC CE), the UE can determine the bit rate change based on the step (S) in the bit rate table of the QoS flow type indicated by the network node. The UE can then use the same number of steps to change the bit rate of all other QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies. In another example, based on the RBR of a specific logical channel (LCH) and / or QoS flow in the rate control MAC CE, the UE can calculate the ratio (X) by which the bit rate of the LCH and / or QoS flow has changed. The UE can then use the same ratio for all other QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies, such as when the bit rate of the LCH and / or QoS flow is halved based on the RBR in the rate control MAC CE (e.g., where X = 0.5), and the UE can use the same ratio and halve the bit rate of all other QoS flows to which the MAC CE applies.

[0133] Typically, if a QoS stream does not provide an adaptive bit rate, rate control MAC CE will not be applied to that QoS stream.

[0134] Various signaling designs can be implemented to implicitly rate control of multiple QoS flows based on a single MAC CE. In various ways, network nodes can send MAC CEs to the UE (e.g., conventional MAC CEs for a single LCH and / or QoS flow) and / or use MAC CEs to rate control multiple QoS flows providing adaptive bit rates. For example, upon receiving a rate control MAC CE for a specific LCH and / or QoS flow, the UE determines the number of steps (S) and / or the ratio of bit rate changes (X), based on which the bit rate in the indicated LCH and / or QoS flow is changed. The UE then implicitly changes the bit rate of the remaining QoS flows using S or X.

[0135] In various ways, network nodes can replace the Logical Channel ID (LCID) field of the MAC CE. As used herein, the LCID is a field indicating the identity of the logical channel to which the recommended bit rate and / or recommended bit rate query applies. The LCID is typically 6 bits long. In various ways, network nodes will replace the LCID with the MMSID (e.g., to restrict the application of the rate control MAC CE to QoS flows only for multimodal services), and the bit rate field can be replaced with the number of steps (S) and / or the ratio of bit rate changes (X) (the bit rate of the QoS flow should be changed accordingly). This can result in a single-byte MAC CE that can be used for rate control of multiple interconnected QoS flows. For example, the LCID field can be replaced with a four-bit MMSID field. The UE can use the MMSID field to identify and / or apply rate control to multiple QoS flows belonging to the same multimodal service. The number of steps (S) and / or the ratio of bit rate changes (X) can be represented by a three-bit field that can provide different levels of rate control. For example, using three bits for X can indicate eight different bit rate change values: 000 = 0.25; 001 = 0.5; 010 = 0.75; 011 = 1.25; 100 = 1.5; 101 = 1.75; 110 = 2; and 111 = 2.25. In another example, three bits are used for S: one bit (U / D) indicates whether the bit rate change is in the direction of increasing bit rate (U) or decreasing bit rate (D), and the remaining two bits indicate four different scaling values ​​(e.g., 2, 3, 4, or 5). U / D can use two bits in various aspects. The uplink (UL) / downlink (DL) field can be represented by one bit, indicating whether rate control is in the UL or DL ​​direction. For example, 1 indicates uplink, and 0 indicates downlink. Options for using the step count (S) or the ratio (X) of the bit rate change can be flexibly configured and activated, for example, by activating MAC CE.

[0136] A single-rate MAC CE can be applied to 1-1 mappings of QoS flows using explicit rate control (e.g., 1-1 QoS flow to Data Radio Bearer (DRB) mapping) and / or M-1 mappings of QoS flows (e.g., M-1 QoS flow to DRB mapping). Using a single-rate MAC CE, QoS flows can be explicitly identified via a relative QoS flow identifier (QFI) and / or using the absolute value of the QFI (e.g., assuming QoS flow-level rate control) to apply rate control in the MAC CE, and recommended bit rate information (e.g., RBR) can be provided for each individual QoS flow. In either mapping scenario, the rate control MAC CE can include an explicit reference to the relative QoS flow ID (QFID) of the multimodal service, based on the absolute value of the MMSID and / or QoS flow ID. For example, in a 1-1 QoS flow to DRB mapping, the single-rate control MAC CE includes a reference to the multimodal service to which it is applied (…). Figure 4 Explicit references to the QoS flows of a multimodal service (e.g., as shown by the dashed arrow). In another example, in the M-1 QoS flow to DRB mapping, two QoS flows of a multimodal service (e.g., QoS flow #1 and QoS flow #2) are mapped to a single DRB (DRB-A). Figure 5 Furthermore, by using explicit rate control MAC CE based on the absolute value of the QoS flow ID, single rate control MAC CE can be used for rate control of multiple QoS flows, including QoS flows that do not belong to multimode services.

[0137] Explicit rate control can be implemented using various signaling designs. In various ways, MAC CE can be used for rate control of multimodal services by using MMSID and / or relative QFI. For example, a two-byte MAC CE can be used for rate control of up to eight QoS flows of a multimodal service identified by a four-bit MMSID (e.g., via an 8-bit bitmap). Each bit in the bitmap maps to a relative QoS flow ID, such that the first QoS flow of the multimodal service maps to the first bit (LSB) of the bitmap, and so on. Using the bitmap, rate control can be applied and / or not applied to each QoS flow. For bit rate value changes, the number of steps (S) or the rate of bit rate change (X) can be used. In various ways, MAC CE can be used for rate control of multimodal services (e.g., all or any set, such as multiple QoS flows of a UE) by using the absolute value of the QFI. For example, a one-byte MAC CE can be used for each QoS flow, such that the first four bits are used to indicate the absolute value of the QoS flow ID (QFI), to provide rate control for up to 16 QoS flows. The next 3 bits can be used to determine the bit rate change value via either the number of steps (S) or the rate of change (X). This MAC CE can be used for rate control of any QoS flow, regardless of whether it belongs to a multimodal service. In various respects, the new rate control MAC CE is assigned new LCID values ​​that differ from the recommended bit rate MAC CE; for example, new LCID values ​​in the range of 35-46 are currently reserved for further use.

[0138] Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE and a network node according to one aspect of this disclosure. In various embodiments, Figure 6A An example method for signaling flow for implicit rate control according to an illustrative aspect of this disclosure is shown. In various embodiments, Figure 6A The components described in the text can correspond to the above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Similar components as described herein. It should be understood that the described signals may have associated operations, and the described operations may have associated signals.

[0139] At operation 601, the network node sends a message to the UE via RRC connection reconfiguration (e.g., the "RRCReconfiguration" procedure), and the UE is in connected mode. The UE receives the message from the network node via RRC connection reconfiguration.

[0140] At operation 602, the Application Function (AF) sends the MMSID to the network node via the Core Network (CN) and / or the UE via the User Equipment Application Identifier (UAI). The network node receives the MMSID from the AF via the CN and / or from the UE via the UAI.

[0141] At operation 603, the network node detects changes in congestion-related conditions, such as changes in UL congestion (e.g., the presence, absence, increase, or decrease of congestion).

[0142] Operations 604-606 describe the first option for implicit rate control.

[0143] At operation 604, the network node sends an Activate MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the Activate MAC CE from the network node. The Activate MAC CE includes an indication for the UE to use the Rate Control MAC CE to obtain recommended bit rate control (e.g., adaptive bit rate) for providing all remaining active QoS flows for the adaptive codec.

[0144] At operation 605, the network node sends a rate control MAC CE (e.g., a conventional recommended bit rate (RBR) MAC CE) for a specific LCH and / or QoS flow to the UE. The UE receives a conventional RBR MAC CE for the specific LCH and / or QoS flow from the network node. The rate control MAC CE indicates a specific bit rate value.

[0145] At operation 606, the UE determines and / or applies rate control logic (e.g., step count or bit rate change ratio) based on operation 604, and uses it to provide rate control for all remaining QoS streams with adaptive bit rates.

[0146] Operations 607-609 involve a second option for implicit rate control.

[0147] At operation 607, the network node sends an Activate MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the Activate MAC CE from the network node. The Activate MAC CE includes instructing the UE to use the Rate Control MAC CE for all QoS flows of multimodal services linked by the MMSID, and then using the number of steps (e.g., S or the number of steps in the bit rate table) or the rate of bit rate change (e.g., X) indicated in the MAC CE.

[0148] At operation 608, the network node sends a rate control MAC CE with a 4-bit MMSID instead of a 6-bit LCID to the UE. The UE receives the rate control MAC CE with a 4-bit MMSID from the network node. According to operation 607, the bit rate of the QoS stream for the multimodal service needs to be changed by either the number of steps (S) or the ratio (X).

[0149] At operation 609, based on operations 607-608 (e.g., based on MMSID), the UE determines and / or applies rate control logic (e.g., step count or bit rate change ratio) for rate control of all QoS flows linked via MMSID.

[0150] Figure 6A The operations described are merely examples, and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the operations may include... Figure 6A Other operations not illustrated. In this embodiment, operations may not include... Figure 6A Each operation is shown. In an embodiment, the operation can be in conjunction with... Figure 6A Different sequences of implementation are shown. Such and other embodiments are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0151] The following description of the operation is from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, one approach may include: the UE receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes identifiers (e.g., Figure 6A (Operation 605); The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer (e.g., Operation 605). Figure 6A Operation 606); and the UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for using bit rate values ​​(e.g., Figure 6A (Operation 606).

[0152] The following describes the operation from the perspective of a network node. From this perspective, a method may include: a network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating a bit rate value, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier of at least one QoS flow among a plurality of quality of service (QoS) flows (e.g., Figure 6A Operation 605); and causing the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer (e.g., ... Figure 6A (Operation 606).

[0153] The following description of the operation is from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, a method may include: the UE receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, such as a step number or a rate (e.g., Figure 6A Operation 608); The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer (e.g., Operation 608). Figure 6A Operation 609); and the UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on a corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios (e.g., Figure 6A Operation 609).

[0154] The following describes the operation from the perspective of the network node. From this perspective, a method may include: the network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter indicating a number of steps or a rate (e.g., Figure 6A Operation 608); and causing the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MACCE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer (e.g., Operation 608); and causing the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MACCE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios. Figure 6A Operation 609).

[0155] Figure 6B This is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE and a network node according to one aspect of this disclosure. In various embodiments, Figure 6B An example method for signaling flow for explicit rate control according to one illustrative aspect of this disclosure is shown. In various embodiments, Figure 6B The components described in the text can correspond to the above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Similar components as described herein. It should be understood that the described signals may have associated operations, and the described operations may have associated signals.

[0156] Operations 610-612 relate to the first option for explicit rate control.

[0157] At operation 610, the network node sends an Activate MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the Activate MAC CE from the network node. The Activate MAC CE includes an indication for the UE to apply a rate control MAC CE according to a QoS flow bitmap, which is used for the relative ID and synchronization value (S) or the ratio (X) of bit rate changes of QoS flows.

[0158] At operation 611, the network node sends a rate control MAC CE with an MMSID and a bitmap indicating which QoS flows of the multimodal service will be subject to rate control, as well as the number of steps (S) or the rate (X). The UE receives the MAC CE with an MMSID and a bitmap from the network node, indicating which QoS flows of the multimodal service will be subject to rate control.

[0159] At operation 612, upon receiving a rate control MAC CE, the UE determines and / or applies an enhanced MAC CE (e.g., step (S) and / or ratio (X)) for bit rate control to adapt the bit rate of the QoS stream according to the bitmap.

[0160] Operations 613-614 involve a second option for explicit rate control.

[0161] At operation 613, the network node sends an Activate MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the Activate MAC CE from the network node. The Activate MAC CE instructs the UE to use a Rate Control MAC CE, which has the absolute value of the QoS Flow ID for each QoS Flow and the associated values ​​of the number of steps (S) and / or the ratio (X) of the bit rate change.

[0162] At operation 614, based on operation 613, the network node sends a MAC CE to the UE, the MAC CE having a QFI for each QoS flow to be rate-controlled and specific bit rate values ​​for the number of steps (S) and / or the ratio (X) of bit rate changes. Based on operation 613, the UE receives a MAC CE from the network node, the MAC CE having a QFI for each QoS flow to be rate-controlled and specific bit rate values ​​for the number of steps (S) and / or the ratio (X) of bit rate changes.

[0163] At operation 615, upon receiving a rate control MAC CE, the UE explicitly determines and / or applies an enhanced MAC for rate control (e.g., QFI and steps (S) and / or ratio (X)) for bit rate control of each QoS stream.

[0164] In various embodiments, multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow (e.g., N is a positive integer). When the UE determines the RBR, the first QoS flow may not be determined because the bit rate in the received MAC CE is for the first QoS flow. Therefore, the UE determines the RBR of the second QoS flow. As used herein, "determine" can include both receiving and using a certain value.

[0165] In various embodiments, the Activation MAC CE is configured to activate rules, and the Rate Control MAC CE's RBR is used to determine the RBR of all other QoS flows and / or the indicated QoS flows based on these rules. In various embodiments, the Rate Control MAC CE (which may typically be for one of the QoS flows) then determines the bit rate of all other QoS flows based on the activated rules.

[0166] Figure 6B The operations described are merely examples, and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the operations may include... Figure 6B Other operations not illustrated. In this embodiment, operations may not include... Figure 6B Each operation is shown. In an embodiment, the operation can be in conjunction with... Figure 6B Different sequences of implementation are shown. Such and other embodiments are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0167] The following description of the operation is from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, a method may include: the UE receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap (e.g., ...). Figure 6B (Operation 611); The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer (e.g., Operation 611). Figure 6B Operation 612); and the UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule (e.g., Figure 6B (Operation 612).

[0168] The following describes the operation from the perspective of a network node. From this perspective, a method may include: a network device sending a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap (e.g., ...). Figure 6B Operation 611); and causing the UE to determine the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the rate control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer (e.g., operation ... Figure 6B (Operation 612).

[0169] Figure 6C This is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE and a network node according to one aspect of this disclosure. In various embodiments, Figure 6C An example method for signaling flow for rate control according to one illustrative aspect of this disclosure is shown. In various embodiments, Figure 6C The components described in the text can correspond to the above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Similar components as described herein. It should be understood that the described signals may have associated operations, and the described operations may have associated signals.

[0170] At operation 616, the network node sends an activation MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the activation MAC from the network node. For example, the UE may receive an activation MAC CE that includes an indication of multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE is applied, and the multiple QoS flows may include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow, and N is a positive integer.

[0171] At operation 617, the network node sends a rate control MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the rate control MAC CE from the network node. For example, the UE may receive a rate control MAC CE that includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value for a first QoS flow.

[0172] At operation 618, the UE can determine the number of steps or the bit rate ratio. For example, the UE can determine the value of at least one of the number of steps or the bit rate change ratio based on the rate control MAC CE.

[0173] At operation 619, the UE determines and / or applies rate control logic. For example, the UE may determine the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each second QoS stream based on the value determined in operation 618.

[0174] Figure 6C The operations described are merely examples, and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the operations may include... Figure 6C Other operations not illustrated. In this embodiment, operations may not include... Figure 6C Each operation is shown. In an embodiment, the operation can be in conjunction with... Figure 6C Different sequences of implementation are shown. Such and other embodiments are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0175] The following description of the operation is from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, a method may include: the user equipment (UE) receiving an activation media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device, the activation MAC CE including an indication of multiple quality of service (QoS) flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies, the multiple QoS flows including a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow (e.g., Figure 6C (Operation 616); The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of a bit rate control parameter, wherein the bit rate control parameter indicates a first bit rate value for the first QoS stream (e.g., Figure 6C Operation 617); the UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE (e.g., Figure 6C Operation 618); and the UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each second QoS stream based on the determined value (e.g., Figure 6C (Operation 619).

[0176] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the processing steps at a UE according to one aspect of this disclosure. After the UE receives an RBR MAC CE for a specific QoS stream based on an activation command, the UE may need to determine the difference in step number (S) and / or index or the ratio of bit rate change (X). The UE follows different steps to determine S and X.

[0177] In Operation 701a, the network node sends an Activation MAC CE to the UE. The UE receives the Activation MAC CE from the network node. For example, the UE receives an Activation MAC CE that includes indications of multiple QoS flows (e.g., a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow) to which the RBR MAC CE is applied. Receiving the Activation MAC CE is optional in all respects.

[0178] At Operation 701b, the network node sends an RBRMAC CE (e.g., a rate control MAC CE) with a new bit rate value (e.g., "index_new") to the UE. The UE receives an RBR MAC CE (e.g., a rate control MAC CE) with a new bit rate index from the network node. For example, the UE receives an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value for a first QoS flow, such as a new value for the bit rate index of a specific QoS flow. Based on the new value, the UE determines a new bit rate value (e.g., "bit rate_new") for the specific QoS flow. In various respects, the UE has a fixed bit rate table that is predefined with indices mapped to bit rate values. For example, the UE knows in advance the index of the currently applicable bit rate (e.g., "index_current") and the currently applicable bit rate (e.g., "bit rate_current") from the bit rate table.

[0179] At operation 702, the UE determines whether the number of steps (“S”) and / or the bit rate ratio (“X”) are configured. If S is configured, operations 703S and 704S are executed. If X is configured, operations 703X and 704X are executed.

[0180] In all respects, it is not necessary to specify “S” or “X”. For example, after receiving an updated RBR, DRB and / or LCH of a QoS flow, the UE can calculate the number of change steps or ratios that can be applied to (multiple) other QoS flows, (multiple) DRBs and / or (multiple) LCHs in the same group (e.g., with the same MMSID).

[0181] In various aspects, SiP-based UE implementations can be detected by monitoring the active MAC CE and bit rate changes for each QoS stream. Then, if an RBR MAC CE for a single QoS stream is received, and the bit rate of all QoS streams providing the adaptive codec changes accordingly, this indicates potential detection of the implementation method. Following infringement detection, the level of change for each QoS stream (represented by the number of steps (“S”) or bit rate ratio (“X”)) is compared to the monitored RBR MAC CE.

[0182] Operations 703S-704S involve S, such as the number of steps.

[0183] At operation 703S, the UE determines S by subtracting the new bit rate index from the current bit rate index (e.g., "S=index_current-index_new").

[0184] At operation 704S, the UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) by making a step movement based on S. If the value of S is positive (e.g., the new index is low), the UE moves up S steps in the bit rate table and selects a lower bit rate value accordingly. If the value of S is negative (e.g., the new index is high), the UE moves down in the bit rate table to select a higher bit rate value. The UE uses S to adapt the bit rate for all QoS flows.

[0185] Operations 703X and 704 involve X, such as the rate of bit rate change.

[0186] At operation 703X, the UE determines X by dividing the new bit rate by the current bit rate value (e.g., "X=bitrate_new / bit rate_current").

[0187] At operation 704, the UE can determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) based on X by multiplying X by the current bit rate of the QoS stream to adapt to the bit rate of all QoS streams.

[0188] Figure 7 The operations described are merely examples, and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the operations may include... Figure 7 Other operations not illustrated. In this embodiment, operations may not include... Figure 7 Each operation is shown. In an embodiment, the operation can be in conjunction with... Figure 7 Different sequences of implementation are shown. Such and other embodiments are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0189] Figure 8 This is a block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., UE, user equipment, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node) 800 according to one aspect of this disclosure. The wireless station 800 may include, for example, one or more (e.g., such as...) Figure 8 The diagram shows two RF (radio frequency) or wireless transceivers 802A and 802B, each of which includes a transmitter for transmitting signals and a receiver for receiving signals. The wireless station also includes a processor or control unit / entity (controller) 804 for executing instructions or software and controlling the transmission and reception of signals, and a memory 806 for storing data and / or instructions.

[0190] Processor 804 may also make decisions or determinations, generate frames, packets, or messages for transmission, decode received frames or messages for further processing, and perform other tasks or functions described herein. For example, processor 804, which may be a baseband processor, may generate messages, packets, frames, or other signals for transmission via wireless transceiver 802 (802A or 802B). Processor 804 may control the transmission of signals or messages via a wireless network and may control the reception of signals or messages via a wireless network (e.g., after being down-converted by wireless transceiver 802). Processor 804 may be programmable and capable of executing software or other instructions stored in memory or on other computer media to perform one or more of the various tasks and functions described above, such as one or more of the tasks or methods described above. Processor 804 may be (or may include) hardware, programmable logic, a programmable processor executing software or firmware, and / or any combination of these. Using other terms, for example, processor 804 and transceiver 802 may be considered together as a wireless transmitter / receiver system.

[0191] In addition, refer to Figure 8 The controller (or processor) 808 can execute software and instructions, and can provide overall control for station 800, and can also... Figure 8 Other systems, not shown, provide control, such as controlling input / output devices (e.g., a display, a keypad), and / or can execute software for one or more applications that may be available on the wireless station 800, such as email programs, audio / video applications, word processors, VoIP applications, or other applications or software.

[0192] In addition, a storage medium may be provided that includes storage instructions, which, when executed by a controller or processor, may cause processor 804 or other controllers or processors to perform one or more of the functions or tasks described above.

[0193] According to another example embodiment, multiple RF or wireless transceivers 802A / 802B can receive signals or data and / or transmit signals or data. Processor 804 (and possibly transceivers 802A / 802B) can control the RF or wireless transceivers 802A or 802B to receive, transmit, broadcast, or transmit signals or data.

[0194] Example embodiments are provided or described for each example method, including: an apparatus (e.g., Figure 8 800 in the middle), which includes components for performing any method (e.g., Figure 8 The processor 804, RF transceiver 802A and / or 802B and / or memory 806 shown; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., Figure 8The memory 806 includes instructions stored thereon, which are processed by at least one processor. Figure 8 When the processor 804 executes, it is configured to cause the computing system (e.g., Figure 8 (800) executes any example method; and a device (e.g., Figure 8 The 800), which includes at least one processor (e.g., Figure 8 The processor 804 in the memory and at least one memory including computer program code (e.g., Figure 8 The memory (806) and computer program code are configured together with at least one processor (804) such that the device (e.g., 800) performs at least any of the example methods.

[0195] Further embodiments of this disclosure include the following examples.

[0196] Example 1.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using bit rate values.

[0197] Example 1.2. The UE based on Example 1.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes an indication of the multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0198] Example 1.3. The UE based on Example 1.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0199] Example 1.4. A UE based on either Example 1.2 or 1.3, where the MAC CE activation is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value.

[0200] Example 1.5. A UE according to any of Examples 1.1 to 1.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0201] Example 1.6. The UE according to Example 1.2, wherein the identifier includes the logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of the multiple QoS flows.

[0202] Example 1.7. A UE based on any of Examples 1.1 to 1.6, where the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0203] Example 1.8. The UE in Example 1.7, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0204] Example 1.9. A UE based on any of Examples 1.1 to 1.8, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0205] Example 1.10. Based on the UE in Example 1.9, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0206] Example 1.11. A UE according to any of Examples 1.1 to 1.10, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0207] Example 1.12. A method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using bit rate values.

[0208] Example 1.13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using bit rate values.

[0209] Example 1.14. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and further includes an identifier for at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0210] Example 1.15. A network device according to Example 1.14, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an activation MAC CE to the user equipment (UE), which includes an indication of the multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0211] Example 1.16. A network device according to Example 1.15, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0212] Example 1.17. A network device according to either Example 1.15 or 1.16, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0213] Example 1.18. A network apparatus according to Example 1.15, wherein the identifier includes a logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0214] Example 1.19. A network device according to any one of Examples 1.14 to 1.18, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0215] Example 1.20. A network device according to Example 1.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0216] Example 1.21. A network device according to any one of Examples 1.14 to 1.20, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0217] Example 1.22. A network device according to Example 1.21, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0218] Example 1.23. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 1.14 to 1.22, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0219] Example 1.24. A method comprising: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and further includes an identifier for at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0220] Example 1.25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and further includes an identifier for at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0221] Example 2.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using bit rate values.

[0222] Example 2.2. The UE based on Example 2.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes an indication of the multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0223] Example 2.3. The UE based on Example 2.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0224] Example 2.4. A UE based on either Example 2.2 or 2.3, where the MAC CE activation is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value.

[0225] Example 2.5. A UE according to any one of Examples 2.1 to 2.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0226] Example 2.6. A UE according to Example 2.2, wherein the identifier includes a logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0227] Example 2.7. A UE based on any of Examples 2.1 to 2.6, where the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0228] Example 2.8. The UE in Example 2.7, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0229] Example 2.9. A UE based on any of Examples 2.1 to 2.8, where the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0230] Example 2.10. The UE in Example 2.9, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0231] Example 2.11. A UE according to any of Examples 2.1 to 2.10, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0232] Example 2.12. A user equipment (UE) includes: A component for receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating a bit rate value, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier; A component for determining the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer; and A component for the UE to apply the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0233] Example 2.13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules for using bit rate values.

[0234] Example 2.14. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and further includes an identifier for at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0235] Example 2.15. A network device according to Example 2.14, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an activation MAC CE to the user equipment (UE), which includes an indication of the multiple QoS flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies.

[0236] Example 2.16. A network device according to Example 2.15, wherein a plurality of QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0237] Example 2.17. A network device according to either Example 2.15 or 2.16, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0238] Example 2.18. A network apparatus according to Example 2.15, wherein the identifier includes a logical channel identifier (LCID) of at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0239] Example 2.19. A network device according to any one of Examples 2.14 to 2.18, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0240] Example 2.20. A network device according to Example 2.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0241] Example 2.21. A network device according to any one of Examples 2.14 to 2.20, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0242] Example 2.22. A network device according to Example 2.21, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0243] Example 2.23. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 2.14 to 2.22, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0244] Example 2.24. A network device comprising: A component for transmitting a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating a bit rate value, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes an identifier of at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and The component used to enable the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0245] Example 2.25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, and further includes an identifier for at least one QoS flow among a plurality of Quality of Service (QoS) flows; and This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0246] Example 3.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of at least one of the rate control parameters, namely, an indication of steps or a rate. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios; where N is a positive integer; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios.

[0247] Example 3.2. UE according to Example 3.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0248] Example 3.3. The UE based on Example 3.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0249] Example 3.4. A UE based on either Example 3.2 or 3.3, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate a corresponding rule for using at least one of steps or ratio.

[0250] Example 3.5. A UE according to any one of Examples 3.1 to 3.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0251] Example 3.6. According to the UE of Example 3.2, the rate control MAC CE also includes a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of the multiple QoS flows.

[0252] Example 3.7. A UE based on any of Examples 3.1 to 3.6, where the number of steps is based on a bit rate table.

[0253] Example 3.8. The UE in Example 3.7, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0254] Example 3.9. A UE based on any of Examples 3.1 to 3.8, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0255] Example 3.10. A UE according to any of Examples 3.1 to 3.9, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0256] Example 3.11. A method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of at least one of the rate control parameters, namely, an indication of steps or a rate. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios; where N is a positive integer; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios.

[0257] Example 3.12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of at least one of the rate control parameters, namely, an indication of steps or a rate. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios; where N is a positive integer; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios.

[0258] Example 3.13. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, namely, an indication of a step number or a rate; and The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0259] Example 3.14. A network device according to Example 3.13, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an Activated Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the User Equipment (UE). The Activated MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0260] Example 3.15. A network device according to Example 3.14, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0261] Example 3.16. A network device according to any one of Examples 3.14 or 3.15, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate a corresponding rule for using at least one of steps or ratios.

[0262] Example 3.17. A network apparatus according to Example 3.14, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0263] Example 3.18. A network device according to any one of Examples 3.13 to 3.17, wherein the number of steps is based on a bit rate table.

[0264] Example 3.19. A network device according to Example 3.18, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0265] Example 3.20. A network device according to any one of Examples 3.13 to 3.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0266] Example 3.21. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 3.13 to 3.20, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0267] Example 3.22. A method comprising: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, namely, an indication of a step number or a rate; and The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0268] Example 3.23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least the following: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, namely, an indication of a step number or a rate; and The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0269] Example 4.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of at least one of the rate control parameters, namely, an indication of steps or a rate. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios; where N is a positive integer; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios.

[0270] Example 4.2. UE according to Example 4.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0271] Example 4.3. The UE based on Example 4.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0272] Example 4.4. A UE based on either Example 4.2 or 4.3, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate a corresponding rule for using at least one of steps or ratio.

[0273] Example 4.5. A UE according to any one of Examples 4.1 to 4.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rate.

[0274] Example 4.6. The UE according to Example 4.2, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0275] Example 4.7. A UE based on any of Examples 4.1 to 4.6, where the number of steps is based on a bit rate table.

[0276] Example 4.8. The UE in Example 4.7, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0277] Example 4.9. A UE based on any of Examples 4.1 to 4.8, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0278] Example 4.10. A UE according to any of Examples 4.1 to 4.9, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0279] Example 4.11. A user equipment (UE) comprising: A component for receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter indicating a number of steps or a ratio; A component for determining the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows by the UE based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer; and A component for applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow by the UE based on a corresponding rule for using at least one of steps or ratios.

[0280] Example 4.12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of at least one of the rate control parameters, namely, an indication of steps or a rate. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios; where N is a positive integer; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rule for at least one of the steps or ratios.

[0281] Example 4.13. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, namely, an indication of a step number or a rate; and The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0282] Example 4.14. A network device according to Example 4.13, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an Activated Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the User Equipment (UE). The Activated MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0283] Example 4.15. A network device according to Example 4.14, wherein a plurality of QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0284] Example 4.16. A network device according to any one of Examples 4.14 or 4.15, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate a corresponding rule for using at least one of steps or ratio.

[0285] Example 4.17. A network apparatus according to Example 4.14, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) for at least one of a plurality of QoS flows.

[0286] Example 4.18. A network device according to any one of Examples 4.13 to 4.17, wherein the number of steps is based on a bit rate table.

[0287] Example 4.19. A network device according to Example 4.18, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0288] Example 4.20. A network device according to any one of Examples 4.13 to 4.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0289] Example 4.21. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 4.13 to 4.20, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0290] Example 4.22. A network device comprising: A component for transmitting a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter indicating a number of steps or a rate; and A component for enabling the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and a corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0291] Example 4.23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least the following: The network device sends a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) to the UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of at least one of a rate control parameter, namely, an indication of a step number or a rate; and The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on at least one of the steps or ratios in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rule for using at least one of the steps or ratios, where N is a positive integer.

[0292] Example 5.1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0293] Example 5.2. UE according to Example 5.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0294] Example 5.3. The UE based on Example 5.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0295] Example 5.4. A UE based on either Example 5.2 or 5.3, where the MAC CE activation is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value.

[0296] Example 5.5. A UE according to any of Examples 5.1 to 5.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support the adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap.

[0297] Example 5.6. A UE based on any of Examples 5.1 to 5.5, where the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0298] Example 5.7. The UE in Example 5.6, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0299] Example 5.8. A UE based on any of Examples 5.1 to 5.7, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0300] Example 5.9. Based on the UE in Example 5.8, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0301] Example 5.10. A UE according to any of Examples 5.1 to 5.9, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0302] Example 5.11. A method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0303] Example 5.12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0304] Example 5.13. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a Rate Control Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the UE. The Rate Control MAC CE includes indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The Rate Control MAC CE also includes a Quality of Service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0305] Example 5.14. A network device according to Example 5.13, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an activation MAC CE to the UE, which includes an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0306] Example 5.15. A network device according to Example 5.14, wherein a plurality of QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0307] Example 5.16. A network device according to either Example 5.14 or 5.15, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0308] Example 5.17. A network device according to any one of Examples 5.13 to 5.16, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0309] Example 5.18. A network device according to Example 5.17, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0310] Example 5.19. A network device according to any one of Examples 5.13 to 5.18, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0311] Example 5.20. A network device according to Example 5.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0312] Example 5.21. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 5.13 to 5.20, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0313] Example 5.22. A method comprising: The network device sends a Rate Control Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the UE. The Rate Control MAC CE includes indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The Rate Control MAC CE also includes a Quality of Service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0314] Example 5.23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least the following: The network device sends a Rate Control Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the UE. The Rate Control MAC CE includes indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The Rate Control MAC CE also includes a Quality of Service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0315] Example 6.1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0316] Example 6.2. UE according to Example 6.1, wherein the instruction, when executed by at least one processor, also causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes indications for multiple QoS flows.

[0317] Example 6.3. The UE based on Example 6.2, wherein multiple QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0318] Example 6.4. A UE based on either Example 6.2 or 6.3, where the MAC CE activation is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value.

[0319] Example 6.5. A UE according to any one of Examples 6.1 to 6.4, wherein applying the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow by the UE includes applying the determined RBR to all QoS flows that support the adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap.

[0320] Example 6.6. A UE based on any of Examples 6.1 to 6.5, where the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0321] Example 6.7. The UE in Example 6.6, where the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0322] Example 6.8. A UE based on any of Examples 6.1 to 6.7, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0323] Example 6.9. Based on the UE in Example 6.8, where the UE determines the RBR based on the rate of bit rate change.

[0324] Example 6.10. A UE according to any of Examples 6.1 to 6.9, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

[0325] Example 6.11. A user equipment (UE) comprising: A component for receiving a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device by a UE, the rate control MAC CE including an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap; A component for determining the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer; and A component used by the UE to apply the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0326] Example 6.12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value; and The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the corresponding rules.

[0327] Example 6.13. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to at least execute: The network device sends a Rate Control Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the UE. The Rate Control MAC CE includes indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The Rate Control MAC CE also includes a Quality of Service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0328] Example 6.14. A network device according to Example 6.13, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, also cause the network device to perform at least: The network device sends an activation MAC CE to the UE, which includes an indication of multiple QoS flows.

[0329] Example 6.15. A network device according to Example 6.14, wherein a plurality of QoS flows include a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0330] Example 6.16. A network device according to either Example 6.14 or 6.15, wherein activating MAC CE is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using bit rate values.

[0331] Example 6.17. A network device according to any one of Examples 6.13 to 6.16, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

[0332] Example 6.18. A network device according to Example 6.17, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

[0333] Example 6.19. A network device according to any one of Examples 6.13 to 6.18, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table.

[0334] Example 6.20. A network device according to Example 6.19, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of bit rate changes.

[0335] Example 6.21. A network apparatus according to any one of Examples 6.13 to 6.20, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or the downlink.

[0336] Example 6.22. A network device comprising: A component for transmitting a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from a network device to a UE, the rate control MAC CE including indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values, wherein the rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap; and A component used to enable the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0337] Example 6.23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least the following: The network device sends a Rate Control Media Access Control Element (MAC CE) to the UE. The Rate Control MAC CE includes indications of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The Rate Control MAC CE also includes a Quality of Service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows supporting adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. This enables the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each QoS flow in the second QoS flow based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer.

[0338] Example 7.1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS flow; The UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for the second QoS stream based on the determined value.

[0339] Example 7.2. The UE according to Example 7.1, wherein at least one of the steps or the rate of bit rate change is based on a bit rate table, and wherein the bit rate table is predefined with indexes mapped to bit rate values.

[0340] Example 7.3. A UE according to either Example 7.1 or 7.2, wherein the indication of the bit rate control parameter includes a first index value of the first bit rate value of the first QoS stream.

[0341] Example 7.4. A UE according to any one of Examples 7.1 to 7.3, wherein the UE is configured to know at least one of a second bit rate value or a second index value of the second bit rate value from the bit rate table of the first QoS stream.

[0342] Example 7.5. A UE according to any of Examples 7.1 to 7.4, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes a logical channel identifier (LCID), a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) of at least one of a plurality of QoS flows, or a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap.

[0343] Example 7.6. A UE according to any one of Examples 7.1 to 7.5, wherein the UE is configured to know at least one of a third bit rate value or a third index value of the third bit rate value from a bit rate table of at least one second QoS stream in the second QoS stream.

[0344] Example 7.7. A UE based on any of Examples 7.1 through 7.6, where multiple QoS flows support adaptive bit rates.

[0345] Example 7.8. A UE based on any of Examples 7.2 to 7.7, wherein the number of steps based on the bit rate table is determined by subtracting the first index value from the second index value.

[0346] Example 7.9. Based on the UE in Example 7.8, where when the step number is positive, the UE moves up the bit rate table by the number of steps and selects a lower bit rate value, and When the step count is negative, the UE moves down in the bit rate table and selects a higher bit rate value.

[0347] Example 7.10. Based on the UE of Example 7.1, it also includes: The user equipment (UE) receives an activation media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The activation MAC CE includes an indication of multiple quality of service (QoS) flows to which the rate control MAC CE applies, including a first QoS flow and a second QoS flow.

[0348] Example 7.11. Based on the UEs in Examples 7.1, 7.6, and 7.8, determining the recommended bit rate for the second QoS stream includes: The UE determines the fourth index value of the fourth bit rate value from the bit rate table by adding the step number to the third index value; and The UE applies the fourth bit rate value to at least one second QoS stream in the second QoS stream according to the fourth index value in the bit rate table.

[0349] Example 7.12. A UE based on any of Examples 7.2 to 7.11, wherein the rate of bit rate variation is determined by dividing a first bit rate value by a second bit rate value.

[0350] Example 7.13. Based on the UEs in Examples 7.4, 7.6, and 7.12, determining the recommended bit rate for the second QoS stream includes: The fifth bit rate value is determined by multiplying the rate of change of bit rate by the third bit rate value; and The UE applies the fifth bit rate value to at least one of the second QoS streams in the second QoS stream.

[0351] Example 7.14. A method comprising: The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS flow; The UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for the second QoS stream based on the determined value.

[0352] Example 7.15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method, the method comprising: The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS flow; The UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for the second QoS stream based on the determined value.

[0353] Example 8.1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to execute at least the following: The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS flow; The UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for each second QoS stream in the second QoS stream based on the determined values.

[0354] Example 8.2. The UE according to Example 8.1, wherein at least one of the steps or the rate of bit rate change is based on a bit rate table, and wherein the bit rate table is predefined with indexes mapped to bit rate values.

[0355] Example 8.3. A UE according to either Example 8.1 or 8.2, wherein the indication of the bit rate control parameter includes a first index value of the first bit rate value of the first QoS stream.

[0356] Example 8.4. A UE according to any one of Examples 8.1 to 8.3, wherein the UE is configured to know at least one of a second bit rate value or a second index value of the second bit rate value from the bit rate table of the first QoS stream.

[0357] Example 8.5. A UE according to any of Examples 8.1 to 8.4, wherein the rate control MAC CE further includes a logical channel identifier (LCID), a multimodal service identifier (MMSID) of at least one of a plurality of QoS flows, or a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap.

[0358] Example 8.6. A UE according to any one of Examples 8.1 to 8.5, wherein the UE is configured to know at least one of a third bit rate value or a third index value of the third bit rate value from the bit rate table of at least one second QoS stream in the second QoS stream.

[0359] Example 8.7. A UE based on any of Examples 8.1 through 8.6, where multiple QoS flows support adaptive bit rates.

[0360] Example 8.8. A UE based on any of Examples 8.2 to 8.7, wherein the number of steps based on the bit rate table is determined by subtracting the first index value from the second index value.

[0361] Example 8.9. UE based on Example 8.8, where when the step number is positive, the UE moves up the bit rate table by the number of steps and selects a lower bit rate value.

[0362] Example 8.10. The UE based on Example 8.8, where when the step number is negative, the UE moves down in the bit rate table and selects a higher bit rate value.

[0363] Example 8.11. Based on the UEs in Examples 8.1, 8.6, and 8.8, determining the recommended bit rate for the second QoS stream includes: The UE determines the fourth index value of the fourth bit rate value from the bit rate table by adding the step number to the third index value; and The UE applies the fourth bit rate value to at least one second QoS stream in the second QoS stream according to the fourth index value in the bit rate table.

[0364] Example 8.12. A UE based on any of Examples 8.2 to 8.11, wherein the rate of bit rate variation is determined by dividing a first bit rate value by a second bit rate value.

[0365] Example 8.13. Based on the UEs in Examples 8.4, 8.6, and 8.12, determining the recommended bit rate for the second QoS stream includes: The fifth bit rate value is determined by multiplying the rate of change of bit rate by the third bit rate value; and The UE applies the fifth bit rate value to at least one of the second QoS streams in the second QoS stream.

[0366] Example 8.14. A user equipment (UE) comprising: Components for receiving a rate control MAC CE from a network device by a UE, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS stream; A component for determining, by the UE, the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and A component used by the UE to determine the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for the second QoS stream based on the determined values.

[0367] Example 8.15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least one method comprising: The UE receives a rate control MAC CE from the network device, wherein the rate control MAC UE includes an indication of a bit rate control parameter indicating a first bit rate value of a first QoS flow; The UE determines the value of at least one of the steps or the ratio of bit rate changes based on the rate control MAC CE; and The UE determines the Recommended Bit Rate (RBR) for the second QoS stream based on the determined value.

[0368] The embodiments and aspects disclosed herein are examples of this disclosure and may be embodied in various forms. For example, although some embodiments herein are described as separate embodiments, each embodiment herein may be combined with one or more other embodiments herein. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but rather serve as the basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to use this disclosure in various ways in virtually any suitably detailed structure. Throughout the description of the drawings, the same reference numerals may refer to similar or identical elements.

[0369] According to this disclosure, the phrases “in one aspect,” “in all aspects,” “in all aspects,” “in some aspects,” or “in other aspects” can each refer to one or more of the same or different aspects. The phrase “multiple” can refer to two or more.

[0370] In various embodiments, the terms "first message" and "second message" as well as any subsequent messages can refer to any message sent or received in sequence, and are not necessarily limited to any particular message.

[0371] According to this disclosure, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” “in various embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” or “in other embodiments” can each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. A phrase of the form “A or B” means “(A), (B), or (A and B).” A phrase of the form “at least one of A, B, or C” means “(A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C).”

[0372] Any method, program, algorithm, or code described herein can be translated into or represented in a programming language or computer program. The terms "programming language" and "computer program" as used herein each include any language used to specify computer instructions, and include (but are not limited to) the following languages ​​and their derivatives: assembly language, Basic, batch files, BCPL, C, C++, Delphi, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, machine code, operating system command languages, Pascal, Perl, PL1, Python, scripting languages, Visual Basic, meta-languages ​​that specify the program itself, and all first-, second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, or later computer languages. Databases and other data schemas, and any other meta-languages, are also included. No distinction is made between interpreted, compiled, or both compiled and interpreted languages. No distinction is made between a compiled version of a program and a source code version. Therefore, if a programming language can exist in more than one state (such as source, compilation, object, or link), a reference to a program is a reference to any and all such states. A reference to a program can encompass the actual instructions and / or the intent of those instructions.

[0373] While various aspects of this disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, they are not intended to limit the disclosure thereto, as the scope of this disclosure should be as broad as possible, and the specification should be read in the same manner. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as examples of specific aspects. Those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other modifications within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least the following: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer; as well as The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the N-1 QoS flows based on the corresponding rule.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the instruction, when executed by the at least one processor, further causes the UE to perform at least: The UE receives an activation MAC CE from the network device, the activation MAC CE including indications of multiple QoS flows.

3. The UE according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of QoS flows includes a first QoS flow and the N-1 QoS flows.

4. The UE according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the activated MAC CE is configured to activate the corresponding rule for using the bit rate value.

5. The UE according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow comprising: The determined RBR is applied to all QoS flows that support the adaptive bit rate identified by the QoS flow bitmap.

6. The UE according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by the number of steps based on the bit rate table.

7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the number of steps and the bit rate table.

8. The UE according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bit rate value is indicated by a ratio of bit rate changes based on a bit rate table, wherein the UE determines the RBR based on the ratio of the bit rate changes.

9. The UE according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rate control MAC CE includes a field indicating whether the RBR is applicable to the uplink or downlink.

10. A method comprising: The UE receives a rate control media access control element (MAC CE) from the network device. The rate control MAC CE includes an indication of rate control parameters indicating bit rate values. The rate control MAC CE also includes a quality of service (QoS) flow bitmap and is applicable to all QoS flows that support adaptive bit rates identified by the QoS flow bitmap. The UE determines the recommended bit rate (RBR) for each of the N-1 Quality of Service (QoS) flows based on the bit rate value in the Rate Control MAC CE and the corresponding rules for using the bit rate value, where N is a positive integer; as well as The UE applies the determined RBR to the corresponding QoS flow in the N-1 QoS flows based on the corresponding rule.

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