Light generating system comprising a truncated ball lens

Abstract

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising an array of light sources (1010) and a first lens (100), wherein the array of light sources (1010) comprises a plurality of light sources (10), wherein the first lens (100) is a solid truncated spherical lens (400), the truncated spherical lens (400) comprising a flat surface (110) and a circular surface (120), wherein the flat surface (110) is arranged in light receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources (10), wherein the circular surface (120) is shaped according to a surface of a virtual sphere (425) having a radius (R0) and occupies at least 66% of a spherical surface (420) of the virtual sphere (425), wherein an axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface (110) intersects the first lens (100) at a distance (d1), wherein d1 is selected from a range of 1.33R0 - 1.90R0.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a light generating system. It also relates to a lighting device including the light generating system. Furthermore, it relates to an apparatus including the lighting device. Background Technology

[0002] Light generation systems are known in the art. For example, US2012287621A1 describes an LED array point illuminator for providing light along an optical axis, comprising a substrate and at least one array of multiple LED chips without individual packaging, supported by the substrate, wherein the LED chips emit light in the same or different wavelength ranges and are laterally distributed relative to the axis on a light-emitting region. The LED chips have a light-emitting surface for emitting light in a direction traversing the region. An optical device collects and guides the light emitted by the at least one array of LED chips along the axis. An aperture allows the light emitted by the at least one array of LED chips to pass along the axis, wherein the light collected by the optical device and passing through the aperture forms a beam illuminating a spot. Current is supplied to the multiple LED chips, causing them to emit light. The light emitted by the multiple LED chips passing through the optical device and the aperture forms a beam illuminating a spot. The distance between the multiple LED chips and one or more elements of the optical device is controlled to select the size of the spot.

[0003] WO2022253821A1 discloses an illumination device including a truncated spherical lens as a light distributor.

[0004] US2012268945A1 discloses an LED lighting device including a truncated spherical lens.

[0005] EP2208988A1 discloses an LED lighting device including a truncated spherical lens.

[0006] DE202023101765U1 discloses an LED lighting device that includes a substantially spherical lens as a light distributor. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The invention is set forth in the appended claims. Multi-zone shelf lighting offers promising developments for making retail lighting more attractive and effective. A lighting system installed in the center of an aisle can illuminate different areas or zones on retail store shelves. Such a system can illuminate a variety of products on the shelves, with purposes such as drawing attention to the displayed products, assisting customers in making decisions, or creating a dynamic and vibrant atmosphere. Such a lighting system may require a large number of individually addressable beams of light.

[0008] Existing technologies can describe mechanical systems for manipulating light beams. However, such systems can have relatively poor reliability. Therefore, in practice, many illuminators may be required, as many as the number of addressable areas, which can lead to high system complexity and staggering installation costs.

[0009] Existing technology can also describe a lighting system that can produce various beams of light illuminating different areas by installing a large number of small spotlights, i.e., LED light sources with optics, each pointing in a different direction. However, this can result in a large system due to the optics required to produce narrow beams.

[0010] Existing technology can also describe an illumination system comprising an addressable LED array with a single free-form lens, configured such that each pixel produces a diffuse light spot on a target surface. However, the optics may have relatively poor efficiency, resulting in low illumination efficiency and low illumination intensity.

[0011] Existing technologies may also describe lighting systems using free-form and / or aspherical lenses, whose manufacturing may involve high-precision machining and molding, resulting in relatively high manufacturing complexity and cost.

[0012] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an alternative light generation system that preferably further eliminates at least partially one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages. The present invention may aim to overcome or improve at least one disadvantage of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.

[0013] According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a light generation system comprising a light source array and a first lens. The light source array may include a plurality of light sources. Furthermore, the first lens may include a solid truncated spherical lens. The first lens, particularly the solid truncated spherical lens, may include a flat surface and a circular surface, particularly wherein the flat surface is arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources. In embodiments, the circular surface may be shaped according to a portion of the surface of a virtual sphere, wherein the virtual sphere has a radius R0. The circular surface may particularly occupy (or “match”) at least 66% of the spherical surface of the virtual sphere. In particular, the (virtual) axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface intersects the first lens by a (maximum) distance (d1), wherein d1 is selected from 1.33. R0-1.90 The range of R0.

[0014] In a particular embodiment, the present invention can provide a light generation system comprising a light source array and a first lens, wherein the light source array comprises a plurality of light sources, wherein the first lens is a truncated spherical lens comprising a flat surface and a circular surface, wherein the flat surface is arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources, wherein the circular surface is shaped according to the surface of a virtual sphere having a radius (R0) [a portion of a circle / sphere] and occupies at least 66% of the spherical surface of the virtual sphere, wherein an axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface intersects the first lens at a distance (d1), wherein d1 is selected from 1.33. R0-1.90 The range of R0.

[0015] Therefore, the light generation system of the present invention can help generate various light beams to illuminate different areas while maintaining high lighting efficiency. In particular, the direction of the light beam can be selected electronically (non-mechanically) by controlling the operation of the light source array. The system of the present invention may be particularly suitable for applications involving (high) shelf lighting.

[0016] Other applications of the light-generating system include shopping windows, where mannequins and accessories, as well as other details of the displayed products, are highlighted. Furthermore, in museums and art galleries, the light-generating system of this invention can enable more versatile and customized lighting for artworks while reducing clutter on ceilings. Other potential applications include office lighting, entertainment lighting for dynamic patterning, and road and street lighting, where targeted lighting can illuminate only the desired areas (e.g., where people are present or where the road is located), thus resulting in energy savings.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention can provide a light generation system. Such a system may also be referred to herein as an illumination system. The light generation system can be specifically configured to generate system light, wherein the system light includes at least a portion of the light from the light source (see below).

[0018] A light generation system may include an array of light sources. The light source array may particularly include a two-dimensional light source array, that is, the light source array may include a light source array based on a 2D grid (especially n1). Multiple light sources are arranged in a 2D mesh (n2), where n1 is... n2 = n (see also below), and where n1 ≥ 2, and where n2 ≥ 2, and in particular where n1 = n2. In another embodiment, the light source array may comprise a one-dimensional light source array, particularly 1 An n-array. In embodiments, the light source array may include n solid-state light sources, particularly where n ≥ 4, for example ≥ 6, particularly ≥ 12, for example ≥ 24, particularly ≥ 36. In other embodiments, n ≤ 1296, for example ≤ 1024, particularly ≤ 900. In other embodiments, n ≤ 225, for example ≤ 144, particularly ≤ 100, for example ≤ 64. In other embodiments, n ≤ 49, for example ≤ 36, particularly ≤ 25. For example, n may be selected from the range of 12-144, particularly from the range of 24-100, for example from the range of 36-64. In other embodiments, n may be selected from the range of 9-49, for example from the range of 16-36. In embodiments, the light source array may include a laser group comprising n solid-state (laser) light sources. Therefore, in embodiments, the light source may include solid-state (laser) light sources.

[0019] A light source, particularly a solid-state (laser) light source, can be configured to provide light. In one embodiment, the light source can be configured to generate blue light, optionally wherein (at least a portion) of the blue light is provided to a luminescent material configured to convert the blue light into light of different wavelengths, such as green light. In another embodiment, the solid-state (laser) light source can be configured to provide (cool) white light. For example, in an embodiment, the solid-state (laser) light source may include one or more of the following: a first subset of light sources configured to provide red light, a second subset of light sources configured to provide blue light, and a third subset of light sources configured to provide green light.

[0020] Specifically, in embodiments, the light generation system may include multiple arrays of light sources, particularly aligned arrays of light sources. The term "aligned" in "aligned array of light sources" may specifically mean that the light sources of the array are configured to provide light along the same optical axis. Specifically, the term "optical axis" may be defined as an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates from the light generating element (here, specifically the light source) through the system. In particular, the optical axis may be aligned with the direction of light having the highest radiant flux. Therefore, in particular, the light sources of multiple arrays of light sources may have substantially parallel optical axes.

[0021] In particular, in an embodiment, each light source array may include (correspondingly) multiple light sources, wherein the light sources of different light source arrays are configured to provide light source light with different spectral distributions.

[0022] In particular, in embodiments where the light generation system includes multiple light source arrays, the light generation system may further include multiple first lenses, wherein each first lens is arranged to receive light in relation to a corresponding light source array.

[0023] Specifically, multiple light source arrays can be used to provide color-tunable pixelated light spots; for example, providing three pixelated sources (one for each primary color) and arranging them such that the "image" overlaps in the far field. Arranging the arrays closely adjacent to each other can improve the overlap. In embodiments that also include condenser lenses (see below), it may be preferable to truncate the condenser lenses to provide a shared interface between them, at least on the sides adjacent to each other. In this case, pixels in the corners (of the light source array) will not be used because light from those pixels of at least one primary color will not receive the correct optical path. This means that the image of the source has rounded edges, which may be desirable for some lighting applications.

[0024] In another embodiment, each light source array may include n light sources, wherein for each light source array, n is individually selected from the range of ≥4, for example ≥6, particularly ≥12, for example ≥24, particularly ≥36. In another embodiment, for each light source array, n is individually selected from the range of ≤225, for example ≤144, particularly ≤100, for example ≤64.

[0025] In another embodiment, each light source array may include n light sources, where n is selected from the range of ≥4, for example ≥6, particularly ≥12, for example ≥24, particularly ≥36. In another embodiment, n is selected from the range of ≤225, for example ≤144, particularly ≤100, for example ≤64. For example, n may be selected from the range of 12-144, particularly from the range of 24-100, for example from the range of 36-64. Each light source array having the same number of light sources may be particularly convenient because groups including light sources from different arrays can illuminate the same location (or "pixel") in the target plane together, i.e., different colors can have the same resolution.

[0026] In embodiments where the light generation system includes multiple (aligned) light source arrays, the light source arrays may be specifically configured to provide light sources with different spectral distributions. For example, in an embodiment, a first light source array may include blue light sources configured to provide blue light, a second light source array may include green light sources configured to provide green light, particularly wherein each green light source includes a blue LED and a light-emitting material layer configured to convert blue light into green light, and a third light source array may include red light sources configured to provide red light, particularly wherein each red light source includes a blue LED and a light-emitting material layer configured to convert blue light into red light.

[0027] In embodiments, the light generating system may further include a first lens, particularly a solid truncated spherical lens. The first lens (particularly a solid truncated spherical lens) may include a flat surface and a circular surface. Specifically, the first lens may have a total surface area (Atot), wherein the flat surface has a flat surface area (Ap), the circular surface has a circular surface area (Ar), and wherein (Ap+Ar) / Atot ≥ 0.8, for example ≥ 0.9, particularly ≥ 0.95, for example ≥ 0.99, including 1. Therefore, in embodiments, the flat surface and the circular surface may (together) substantially define the (entire) surface of the first lens.

[0028] The term "truncated spherical lens" in this text may refer to a lens having an approximate truncated spherical shape. Specifically, a truncated spherical lens may have an approximate spherical cap shape, particularly where the height H of the cap exceeds the radius of the sphere (the cap is removed from it).

[0029] In another embodiment, the first lens may include a third surface, wherein the third surface is adjacent to a flat surface and / or a circular surface, particularly a flat surface and a circular surface. The third surface may be, in particular, another flat surface, for example, arranged at an angle to the flat surface. However, such an additional flat surface may generally be detrimental to the performance of the light generation system, for example, due to the increase in total internal reflection. Therefore, typically, the first lens may not have a third surface. In particular, in embodiments, the total surface of the first lens may consist of a flat surface and a circular surface.

[0030] In embodiments, the flat surface may include a (substantially) smooth surface. In particular, in another embodiment, the flat surface may have an arithmetic mean profile roughness Ra ≤ 30 nm, for example ≤ 20 nm, especially ≤ 15 nm.

[0031] Similarly, in embodiments, the circular surface may include a (substantially) smooth surface. In particular, in another embodiment, the circular surface may have an arithmetic mean profile roughness Ra ≤ 30 nm, for example ≤ 20 nm, especially ≤ 15 nm. The circular surface may, in particular, be free of microlenses.

[0032] The term "arithmetic mean profile roughness Ra" in this text refers to the average height deviation on a surface relative to the average height of the surface. Specifically, Ra in this document refers to the profile roughness parameter Ra as defined in ISO 4287:1997.

[0033] In a particular embodiment, the flat surface may include a lens surface.

[0034] In embodiments, the flat surface may face the light source array and be arranged (substantially) parallel to the light source array. Specifically, the (average) optical axes of the plurality of light sources may be (substantially) perpendicular to the flat surface, particularly wherein the (average) optical axes intersect the flat surface at its center, for example at a distance d4 from the center, where d4 / R0 ≤ 0.10 (see also below), for example ≤ 0.05, particularly ≤ 0.01, including (substantially) 0. Specifically, the flat surface may be arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources. In embodiments, the first lens may be arranged (relative to the first light source array) such that the first lens captures at least 80%, for example at least 90%, particularly at least 95%, including (substantially) 100% of the light emitted from the plurality of light sources.

[0035] In particular, in an embodiment, the flat surface and the plurality of light sources can be arranged at a second distance (d2), that is, the plurality of light sources can be arranged at a second distance (d2) from the flat surface, wherein d2 is selected from the range of 0.005-1 mm, particularly from the range of 0.01-0.5 mm, for example from the range of 0.02-0.25 mm.

[0036] The first lens can be specifically configured such that light from a light source captured by a flat surface will exit the first lens through a circular surface.

[0037] A circular surface can be specifically shaped based on a portion of the surface of a virtual sphere having a radius R0. The phrase "surface of a virtual sphere" can specifically refer to the circular surface of the virtual sphere, or in other words, the spherical surface of the virtual sphere. In particular, the circular surface can occupy (or "match") at least 60%, for example, at least 66%, particularly at least 75%, for example, at least 80% of the spherical surface of the virtual sphere (having a radius R0).

[0038] Therefore, the first lens may have a shape that partially approximates a spherical lens (or "spherical lens"), wherein the shape is truncated to define a flat surface; that is, the first lens may include a truncated spherical lens. In particular, the circular surface may approximate the surface of a spherical lens or a sphere; that is, the circular surface may define a 3D shape, wherein the 3D shape approximates a portion of a spherical lens or a sphere.

[0039] The term “approximate” and its variations herein (e.g., in “approximate a shape”) refers to something that is nearly identical (in particular) to the following terms, such as nearly identical to a spherical lens or a sphere. For example, a circular surface can define a portion of a sphere if there are no defects. Similarly, for example, a circular surface defined by a first lens may not be a perfect circle, but rather slightly elliptical. In particular, an object approximating a first shape may herein refer to: a first shape realization that surrounds the object, wherein the first shape realization is defined as the smallest enclosing shape of the object (2D or 3D, respectively), wherein the first shape realization has the shape of the first shape, and wherein the ratio of the area (volume) of the first shape realization to the area (volume) of the object is ≤1.2, particularly ≤1.1, for example ≤1.05, particularly ≤1.02. For example, a first lens can approximate a truncated spherical lens, wherein the first shape realization can be defined as the smallest enclosing truncated spherical shape of the first lens, wherein the ratio of the volume of the first shape realization to the volume of the first lens is ≤1.2, particularly ≤1.1, for example ≤1.05, particularly ≤1.02, including 1. Furthermore, if the dimensions of the first shape are defined, the term "approximately" may refer to the fact that the object and the first shape (in 2D or 3D, respectively) are superimposed such that the intersection between the object and the first shape covers at least m% of the object and at least m% of the shape, where m is at least 90%, for example at least 95%, particularly at least 98%, for example at least 99%, including 100%.

[0040] Another advantage of truncated spherical lenses is that, compared to aspherical lenses, spherical lenses can be produced relatively easily and cost-effectively.

[0041] In another embodiment, the (virtual) axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface may intersect the first lens by the (longest) distance (d1), specifically where d1 is selected from 1.33. R0-1.90 The range of R0, for example, is selected from 1.4 R0-1.85 The range of R0, especially those selected from 1.5 R0-1.8 The range of R0, for example, is selected from 1.6 R0-1.75 The range of R0. Therefore, in the embodiment, d1 ≤ 1.9 R0, for example, ≤1.85 R0, especially ≤1.80 R0, for example, ≤1.75 R0. In another embodiment, d1 ≥ 1.33 R0, for example, ≥1.4 R0, for example, ≥1.5 R0, for example, ≥1.6 R0. Axis (A) may be centered on a flat plane. In an embodiment, axis (A) may coincide with the (average) optical axis (see above). In particular, in an embodiment, axis (A) may pass through the center of the sphere.

[0042] Considering the refractive index μ of the first lens (material), the overall system efficiency, the focal length (see below), and the avoidance of spherical aberration—that is, avoiding the focusing of light rays passing through the outside of the lens at a different distance than those passing through the center of the lens—choosing d1 seems particularly advantageous. Specifically, d1 equal to R0(1+1 / μ) seems more advantageous. For d1 values ​​below R0(1+1 / μ), the focal length increases, the full-width half-maximum beam angle decreases, and the overall illumination efficiency decreases. For d1 values ​​above R0(1+1 / μ), image uniformity and overall illumination efficiency decrease. In other words, lens strength and beam divergence can be selected by the cutoff distance, where, generally, considering overall illumination efficiency, a d1 value close to R0(1+1 / μ) can be considered beneficial.

[0043] In an embodiment, the lens (material) has a refractive index μ, particularly where μ is selected from the range of 1.3-2.6, for example from the range of 1.4-2.5, and especially from the range of 1.45-2.1.

[0044] In another embodiment, d1 is selected from 0.8. R0 (1+1 / μ)-1.2 R0 The range of (1+1 / μ), for example, is selected from 0.9. R0 (1+1 / μ)-1.1 R0 The range of (1+1 / μ), especially those selected from 0.95 R0 (1+1 / μ)-1.05 R0 The range of (1+1 / μ), for example, selected from 0.99 R0 (1+1 / μ)-1.01 R0 The range is (1+1 / μ). In other words, in the embodiment, d1 can be in the range of R0. Within 20% of (1+1 / μ), for example within 10%, especially within 5%, for example within 1%.

[0045] In another embodiment, d1 / (R0) (1+1 / μ))≥0.8, for example ≥0.9, particularly ≥0.95, for example ≥0.99, including 1. In another embodiment, d1 / (R0) (1+1 / μ))≤1.2, for example ≤1.1, especially ≤1.05, for example ≤1.01, including 1.

[0046] As described above, a circular surface can be shaped based on a portion of the surface of a virtual sphere (e.g., a spherical surface), wherein the virtual sphere has a radius R0.

[0047] In an embodiment, the first lens (particularly a flat surface) may be defined by a single cut-off at a single cut-off plane intersecting the sphere, wherein the cut-off plane is arranged at a distance (d5) from the center of the sphere, and d5 / R0 is selected from the range of 0.33-0.90, for example from the range of 0.4-0.85, particularly from the range of 0.5-0.8, for example from the range of 0.6-0.75. Specifically, in an embodiment, d5+R0=d1.

[0048] The size of the first lens, and particularly the area of ​​the flat surface, can be selected to capture (substantially) all the light from the light source. Furthermore, the size of the first lens, and particularly the area of ​​the flat surface, can be selected to avoid total internal reflection (TIR) ​​of the light from the light source within the first lens. Specifically, the flat surface can have a sufficiently large surface area to capture (substantially) all the light from the light source. Thus, in an embodiment, the flat surface can have a radius (Rin), and the light source array can have a (maximum) diagonal length (d6) (between the diagonals) in a cross-section parallel to the flat surface, where Rin / d6 > 0.5, for example ≥ 0.55, particularly ≥ 0.75, for example ≥ 1. In another embodiment, Rin / d6 ≤ 2.5, for example ≤ 2, particularly ≤ 1.5.

[0049] It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the radius (Rin) of the flat surface will depend on both the radius (R0) of the sphere and the distance (d1). For example, for a sphere where d1 = R0... The example of (1+1 / μ) (see above) applies below: R_in=(R_0 √(μ_^2-1)) / μ.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, a 2×2 mm light source array is arranged at a distance of approximately 1 mm from the first lens: d6 is approximately 2.8 mm, Rin can be selected as 2.9 (or larger), and for μ=1.4, R0 can be 4.1 mm, or, for example, 3.5 mm for μ=1.8. To achieve essentially the same optical performance using a smaller or larger light source array, the indicated values ​​can be scaled linearly with the size of the light source array.

[0051] As can be clearly seen from the overall description, other absolute and relative dimensions can also be chosen, for example, taking into account performance and / or size factors.

[0052] In an embodiment, the sphere radius R0 can be selected from the range of 1-16 mm, for example from the range of 2-8 mm, for example from the range of 3-6 mm.

[0053] In another embodiment, the first lens may have an effective focal length (f), wherein f is selected from the range ≤30 mm, for example, from the range ≤24 mm, particularly from the range ≤18 mm. In another embodiment, f may be selected from the range ≤12 mm, for example, from the range ≤10 mm, particularly from the range ≤9 mm. Specifically, f may be selected from the range ≥2 mm, for example, from the range ≥5 mm, particularly from the range ≥7 mm, for example, from the range ≥9 mm. For example, in an embodiment, f may be selected from the range 2-18 mm, particularly from the range 5-10 mm, for example, from the range 7-9 mm.

[0054] For d1=R0 For a first lens with a focal length of (1+1 / μ), the paraxial value of the effective focal length can be calculated using R0 and μ as f=R0 / (μ-1), meaning the focal length can be calculated for rays very close to the optical axis. For actual rays, the effective focal length can be determined experimentally (see below).

[0055] In an embodiment, the light generating system may include a condenser lens. Specifically, the condenser lens may be arranged in a light-receiving relationship with a first lens (particularly with the circular surface of the first lens). The condenser lens may be configured to (a) capture (substantially all) of the light emanating from the circular surface, and (b) focus the light at a distance. For example, in an embodiment, the condenser lens may be configured to focus the light at a distance selected from the range of 1-8 m, such as a distance selected from the range of 2-6 m.

[0056] In one embodiment, the condenser lens may be a spherical condenser lens. In another embodiment, the condenser lens may be an aspherical condenser lens. Aspherical condenser lenses may be particularly suitable because they can be relatively compact and provide relatively small distortion. Furthermore, compared to hyperbolic lenses, condenser lenses can have a smaller diameter and suffer less Fresnel reflection loss.

[0057] In an embodiment, the first side of the condenser lens can be configured to receive light in relation to the first lens. In particular, the condenser lens can gradually taper from the first side to the second side (opposite to the first side).

[0058] As described above, a condenser lens can be configured to capture (virtually all) the light emanating from a circular surface. Therefore, the condenser lens can, in particular, have a radius on its first side larger than the radius of a sphere. For example, in an embodiment, the first side can have a radius R1, specifically half the diameter of the equivalent circle (of the condenser lens), selected from R0-6. The range of R0, for example, is selected from 1.5. R0-4 The range of R0, especially those selected from 2 R0-3 The range of R0.

[0059] The equivalent circle diameter (or ECD) (or "circle equivalent diameter") of an irregular two-dimensional shape is the diameter of a circle with an equivalent area. For example, the equivalent circle diameter of a square with side length *a* is 2. a SQRT(1 / π). For a circle, the diameter is the same as the diameter of the equivalent circle. If a circle of diameter D in the xy-plane is transformed into any other shape (in the xy-plane) without changing its area, then the diameter of the equivalent circle of that shape will be D.

[0060] In one embodiment, the light source can be arranged to provide light to the flat surface of the first lens, wherein the first lens is configured to provide a first beam of light (from the light source) to the condenser lens (via a circular surface). In such an embodiment, the condenser lens can be configured to receive at least 80%, for example at least 90%, particularly at least 95%, including 100%, of the total intensity of the first beam.

[0061] Condensing lenses can in particular have a back focal length (LBF), where LBF ≥ R0 (1+μ). Using a small (too small) LBF may result in a blurry image. Using a larger LBF allows adjustment of the distance between the lenses to provide a sharp image. The back focal length (LBF) can specifically be the distance between the (flat) surface of the condenser lens and the focal point on that side of the condenser lens. In particular, the back focal length of the condenser lens in this document can refer to the back focal length of the surface on the first side of the condenser lens, i.e., the back focal length of the surface of the condenser lens facing the first lens.

[0062] In embodiments where the light generation system includes multiple light source arrays and a first lens (see above), the light generation system may further include multiple condenser lenses, wherein each condenser lens is arranged to receive light in relation to a corresponding first lens.

[0063] Specifically, in an embodiment, the light generation system may include multiple illumination subunits, each of which includes a light source array and a first lens. For each illumination subunit, the light source array includes multiple light sources, and the first lens includes a solid truncated spherical lens comprising a flat surface and a circular surface. The flat surface is arranged to receive light from the multiple light sources, and the circular surface is shaped according to a portion of the surface of a virtual sphere of radius R0 and occupies at least 66% of the spherical surface of the virtual sphere. An axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface intersects the first lens by a distance d1, where d1 is selected from 1.33. R0-1.90 The range of R0. In another embodiment, each illumination subunit may further include a condenser lens, wherein for each illumination subunit, the condenser lens is arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the first lens, particularly with the circular surface of the first lens. In another embodiment, the condenser lenses of two or more different illumination subunits may be physically connected or integral, particularly physically connected or particularly integral. In particular, in such embodiments, the condenser lenses may be effectively truncated at their mutual interfaces.

[0064] In one embodiment, the light generation system may include a control system. The control system may be configured to control the light generation system, particularly an array of light sources, for example, independently controlling a suitable subset of multiple light sources. For example, in one embodiment, the control system may be configured to control the on / off state of the light sources. In another embodiment, the control system may be configured to control the intensity of the light sources.

[0065] The term "control" and similar terms specifically refer at least to determining the behavior of an element or supervising the operation of an element. Therefore, "control" and similar terms as used herein can, for example, refer to applying actions to an element (determining the behavior of the element or supervising the operation of the element), such as, for example, measuring, displaying, starting, turning on, moving, changing temperature, etc. In addition, the term "control" and similar terms can additionally include monitoring. Therefore, the term "control" and similar terms can include applying actions to an element, as well as applying actions to and monitoring the element. Control of the element can be accomplished using a control system, which can also be referred to as a "controller." Therefore, the control system and the element can be functionally coupled, at least temporarily or permanently. The element can include a control system. In embodiments, the control system and the element may not be physically coupled. Control can be accomplished via wired and / or wireless control. The term "control system" can also refer to multiple different control systems that are functionally coupled, and where, for example, one control system can be a master control system, while one or more other control systems can be subordinate control systems. The control system can include or can be functionally coupled to a user interface.

[0066] In another embodiment, the light source array may include a pixelated (LED) light source array, particularly wherein the control system is configured to independently control two or more suitable subsets of the light sources in the light source array. For example, different (suitable) subsets may correspond to light sources configured to illuminate different shelves or different products. Thus, by independently controlling the different subsets, the control system can selectively illuminate one or more locations and / or spatially vary the lighting intensity, for example, by focusing attention on a specific location (e.g., a specific product).

[0067] In another embodiment, the control system may (additionally) temporarily alter the illumination intensity or spectral distribution, which can help (further) focus attention on a specific location. For example, light patterns can be projected, such as by enlarging and shrinking bright circles or arrows.

[0068] In this document, the invention can be discussed primarily in the context of selectively illuminating different locations, particularly in the context of pixelated light source arrays. However, the light generation system of the invention is not limited to such embodiments and can also be applied to provide specific illumination patterns that optionally vary over time. For example, the light generation system can also facilitate providing a batwing-shaped light distribution by turning on all pixels but appropriately enhancing the outer pixels compared to the inner pixels.

[0069] In another aspect, the present invention can provide a lighting device selected from the group consisting of lamps, illuminators, projector devices, disinfection devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices, including a light generating system according to any one of the preceding claims. The lighting device may particularly be selected from the group consisting of lamps and illuminators.

[0070] In embodiments, the lighting device may include sensors, particularly wherein the lighting device is configured to control the light-generating device based on the sensors. For example, in embodiments, the sensors may be configured to detect the presence of an object, such as a person or a physical object, and provide relevant sensor signals to the control system (of the light-generating system), wherein the control system is configured to control the light source based on the relevant sensor signals.

[0071] Control relying on relevant sensor signals can be useful for selectively (or primarily) illuminating locations (e.g., product locations) based on objects. For example, if the object is a person, the control system can be configured (to make the light-generating system) selectively illuminate locations that the person is expected to be interested in, for example (further) based on a customer profile, past purchases, or a predefined (shopping) list. In the latter case, the object may already have a shopping list, and the control system can be configured to provide lighting to guide the object to the desired product, and optionally, to an alternative product if, for example, the desired product is unavailable or if the object is expected to be interested in an alternative product, for example, because it is new or discounted. For example, in one embodiment, the lighting system can be coupled to an artificial intelligence system that helps customers in a supermarket select their preferred products by highlighting them. Similarly, the control system can employ selective lighting to guide warehouse staff to items to be collected based on a predefined list, thereby improving collection efficiency and comfort. As another example, if the object is a physical object, the control system can be configured (to make the light-generating system) selectively illuminate the intended area of ​​interest based on that object, such as products that are frequently purchased together, compatible products (e.g., given size or connection requirements), or products of the same brand. For example, this could help find replacement parts for objects brought in for repair, which could improve processing efficiency and reduce problems caused by selecting incompatible replacement parts.

[0072] Therefore, in an embodiment, the control system can be configured to select one or more items based on relevant sensor signals and a second input, particularly wherein the second input is selected from the group including an item list (e.g., a shopping list), product matching input (e.g., products that are frequently purchased together), specific object input (e.g., products that a particular customer frequently purchases or products that a customer is expected to be particularly interested in), and historical information (e.g., products that are of interest at a specific time of day or a specific time of year).

[0073] The term "object" in this text can also refer to multiple different objects, such as multiple different products. For example, a control system may have a (rough) overview of the products present in a shopping cart based on sensor-related signals (and optionally past sensor-related signals related to the same shopping cart), and may selectively illuminate additional products based on multiple different products.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the object may include an identification tag, such as an RFID tag. For example, the identification tag may be specific to a product, but may also be associated with, for example, a shopping cart. In embodiments, the identification tag may include or refer to information about the person associated with the tag, such as a customer or warehouse employee. The use of tags may be particularly suitable for object identification and, where appropriate, access to information associated with the object.

[0075] In an embodiment, the lighting equipment may be configured to be arranged in an indoor space selected from the group consisting of shops and warehouses, and in particular, the control system is configured to select one or more items (or “products”) based on relevant sensor signals and control the light source to highlight the items (or “products”).

[0076] In another aspect, the present invention can provide an arrangement of lighting equipment and interior space including the lighting equipment of the present invention, wherein the interior space includes multiple locations, such as shelf locations, wherein the lighting equipment is configured to individually illuminate multiple locations.

[0077] Light generating systems can be, for example, part of, or incorporated into office lighting systems, home application systems, shop lighting systems, residential lighting systems, accent lighting systems, spotlight lighting systems, theater lighting systems, fiber optic application systems, projection systems, self-emissive display systems, pixelated display systems, segmented display systems, warning sign systems, medical lighting application systems, indicator sign systems, decorative lighting systems, portable systems, automotive applications, (outdoor) road lighting systems, urban lighting systems, greenhouse lighting systems, horticultural lighting, digital projection, or LCD backlighting. Light generating systems (or luminaires) can also be, for example, part of, optical communication systems or disinfection systems. Specifically, light generating systems can be, for example, part of, or incorporated into retail shelf lighting systems, shop window lighting systems, decorative lighting systems, museum and art gallery lighting systems, office lighting systems, road and street lighting systems, and entertainment lighting systems.

[0078] Preferably, the light source is a light source that emits light (light source light) with a wavelength selected from the range of 200-490 nm during operation, particularly light with a wavelength selected from the range of 400-490 nm, and even more particularly light with a wavelength selected from the range of 440-490 nm. This light can be partially utilized by wavelength-converting nanoparticles, for example, in luminescent materials. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the light source is configured to produce blue light.

[0079] The term "white light" and similar terms are known to those skilled in the art herein. It can particularly refer to light having a correlated color temperature (CCT) between approximately 1800 K and 20000 K, for example, between 2000 and 20000 K, particularly 2700-20000 K, for general illumination, particularly in the range of approximately 2000-7000 K, for example, in the range of 2700 K and 6500 K. In embodiments, for example for backlighting purposes, or for other purposes, the correlated color temperature (CCT) can particularly be in the range of approximately 7000 K and 20000 K. Furthermore, in embodiments, the correlated color temperature (CCT) is particularly within approximately 15 SDCM (standard deviation of color matching) from the BBL (blackbody track), particularly within approximately 10 SDCM from the BBL, and even more particularly within approximately 5 SDCM from the BBL.

[0080] In a particular embodiment, the correlated color temperature (CCT) may be selected from the range of 6000-12000 K, for example, from the range of 7000-12000 K, for example, at least 8000 K. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the correlated color temperature (CCT) may be selected from the range of 6000-12000 K, for example, from the range of 7000-12000 K, combined with a CRI of at least 70.

[0081] In embodiments, the light source can also provide light with a correlated color temperature (CCT) between approximately 5000 and 20000 K, such as a direct phosphor-converted LED (a blue light-emitting diode with a thin phosphor layer, used to achieve, for example, 10000 K). Therefore, in certain embodiments, the light source is configured to provide light with a correlated color temperature in the range of 5000-20000 K, or even more particularly in the range of 6000-20000 K, such as 8000-20000 K. The advantage of a relatively high color temperature is that the light source can have a relatively high blue component.

[0082] The terms “light” and “radiation” are used interchangeably herein unless the context clearly indicates that the term “light” refers only to visible light. The terms “light” and “radiation” can therefore refer to UV radiation, visible light, and IR radiation. In certain embodiments, particularly for lighting applications, the terms “light” and “radiation” refer to (at least) visible light.

[0083] The terms “visible,” “visible light,” or “visible emission,” and similar terms, refer to light having one or more wavelengths in the range of approximately 380–780 nm. In this document, UV may specifically refer to wavelengths selected from the 190–380 nm range, for example, 200–380 nm. The term “violet light” or “violet emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 380–440 nm. The term “blue light” or “blue emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 440–495 nm (including some violet and cyan hues). The term “green light” or “green emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 495–570 nm. The term “yellow light” or “yellow emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 570–590 nm. The term “orange light” or “orange emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 590–620 nm. The term “red light” or “red emission” specifically refers to light having wavelengths in the range of approximately 620–780 nm. The term "pink light" or "pink emission" refers to light having blue and red components. The term "cyan" can refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of about 490-520 nm. The term "amber" can refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of about 585-605 nm, for example, about 590-600 nm. In this document, IR (infrared) can specifically refer to radiation having wavelengths selected from the range of 780-3000 nm, for example, 780-2000 nm, for example, wavelengths up to about 1500 nm, like wavelengths at least 900 nm, although other wavelengths are possible in certain embodiments. Thus, the term IR can refer to one or more of near-infrared (NIR (or IR-A)) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR (or IR-B)), especially NIR. The phrase "light having one or more wavelengths in the wavelength range" and similar phrases can specifically indicate that the indicated light (or radiation) has a spectral power distribution having one or more intensities at least at these one or more wavelengths in the indicated wavelength range. For example, a solid-state light source that emits blue light will have a spectral power distribution with intensity at one or more wavelengths in the wavelength range of 440-495 nm.

[0084] The control system can also be configured to receive and execute commands from a remote control. In an embodiment, the control system can be controlled via an application on the device, such as a portable device like a smartphone or iPhone, tablet, etc. Therefore, the device does not necessarily need to be coupled to the lighting system, but can be (temporarily) functionally coupled to the lighting system.

[0085] Therefore, in embodiments, the control system can also be configured to be controlled by an application on a remote device. In such embodiments, the control system of the lighting system can be a subordinate control system or control in a subordinate mode. For example, the lighting system can be identified by a code, specifically a unique code for the corresponding lighting system. The control system of the lighting system can be configured to be controlled by an external control system that accesses the lighting system based on knowledge of the (unique) code (via a user interface input through an optical sensor, such as a QR code reader). The lighting system may also include means for communicating with other systems or devices, such as based on Bluetooth, Thread, Wi-Fi, LiFi, ZigBee, BLE, or WiMAX, or other wireless technologies.

[0086] A system, apparatus, or device may perform actions in a “mode,” “operating mode,” “mode of operation,” or “running mode.” The term “operating mode” may also refer to “control mode.” Similarly, in a method, actions, stages, or steps may be performed in a “mode,” “operating mode,” “mode of operation,” or “running mode.” This does not preclude the system, apparatus, or device from being adapted to provide another control mode, or multiple other control modes. Likewise, this may not preclude the execution of one or more other modes before and / or after the execution of this mode.

[0087] However, in embodiments, a control system may be available that is adapted to provide at least a control mode. If other modes are available, the selection of such modes can be performed specifically through a user interface, although other options are also possible, such as performing modes based on sensor signals or a (time) scheme. In embodiments, an operating mode may also refer to a system, device, or apparatus that can only operate in a single operating mode (i.e., "on," without further tunability).

[0088] Therefore, in this embodiment, the control system can be controlled based on one or more of the following: input signals from the user interface, sensor signals (from sensors), and timers. The term "timer" can refer to a clock and / or a predetermined timing scheme.

[0089] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a lamp or illuminator comprising a light generating system as defined herein. The illuminator may further include a housing, optical elements, blinds, etc. The lamp or illuminator may also include a housing encapsulating the light generating system. The lamp or illuminator may include a light window or housing opening in the housing through which system light can escape from the housing. In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a projection device comprising a light generating system as defined herein. In particular, a projection device, or “projector” or “image projector,” can be an optical device that projects an image (or moving image) onto a surface, such as, for example, a projection screen. The projection device may include one or more light generating systems, such as those described herein. Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention also provides a lighting device selected from the group consisting of lamps, illuminators, projector devices, disinfection devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices, comprising a light generating system as defined herein. The lighting device may include a housing or carrier configured to house or support one or more elements of a light generating system. Attached Figure Description

[0090] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic diagrams, in which corresponding reference numerals denote corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 An embodiment of the light generation system 1000 is schematically depicted; Figure 2 An embodiment of the light generation system 1000 and a comparative example are schematically depicted; Figure 3 An embodiment of the lighting device 1200 is schematically depicted.

[0091] The diagram is not necessarily drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0092] Figure 1 A light generation system 1000 including a light source array 1010 and a first lens 100 is schematically depicted. In the depicted embodiment, the light source array 1010 includes a plurality of light sources 10. Furthermore, the first lens 100 is a solid truncated spherical lens 400, which includes a flat surface 110 and a circular surface 120, wherein the flat surface 110 is arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources 10. The circular surface 120 is shaped according to a portion of the surface of a virtual sphere 425 having a radius R0, and occupies at least 66%, for example, at least 80%, of the spherical surface 420 of the virtual sphere 425 (having a radius R0). Figure 1In the diagram, the dashed line represents the outline of the virtual sphere 425, which is largely occupied (or matched) by the circular surface 120, i.e., the circular surface 120 defines the 3D shape, which approximates a portion of the virtual sphere 425. In the depicted embodiment, axis A is arranged perpendicular to the flat surface 110 and intersects the first lens 100 at a (maximum) distance d1, where d1 is selected from 1.33. R0-1.90 The range of R0, for example, where d1 ≤ 1.85 R0.

[0093] exist Figure 1 In the embodiments described, the flat surface 110 and the circular surface 120 together define the total surface area (Atot) of the first lens 100; that is, in the depicted embodiment, the surface of the first lens 100 is composed of the flat surface 110 and the circular surface 120. Specifically, in the depicted embodiment, the first lens 100 includes a truncated spherical lens 400.

[0094] In another embodiment, the first lens 100 has a total surface area Atot, the flat surface 110 has a flat surface area Ap, the circular surface 120 has a circular surface area Ar, and (Ap+Ar) / Atot ≥ 0.9, particularly ≥ 0.95, for example ≥ 0.99.

[0095] like Figure 1 As depicted, the flat surface 110 of the first lens 100 can be arranged in a light-receiving relationship with and parallel to the light source array 1010. In particular, the light source 10 of the light source array 1010 can be configured to provide light source light 11 to the flat surface 110.

[0096] The light source array 1010 may be specifically arranged at a (average) second distance d2 from the flat surface 110. In embodiments, d2 may be selected from the range of 0.005-1 mm, particularly from the range of 0.01-0.5 mm, for example from the range of 0.02-0.25 mm.

[0097] The effect of the spherical radius R0 corresponding to the circular surface 120 of the first lens 100 was evaluated using ray tracing modeling with the LightTools program, as reported in the table below. For each test value, the radius Rin of the flat surface was set to 0.75. R0, meaning d1 is chosen to be equal to R0. (1+1 / μ), where μ=1.5, and a 2x2mm light source array is used. R0 [mm] Focal length f [mm] HWHM Angle [°] Efficiency 4 7.3 7.9+ 3 5.2 10.9- 2 2.8 19.4-- For R0 values ​​below 4 mm, or more specifically, below 3.9 mm, the overall illumination efficiency decreases due to total internal reflection. For R0 = 3.9 mm, Rin is 2.9 mm, and for a 2x2 mm light source array, this is found to be suitable for essentially preventing total internal reflection.

[0098] The (effective) focal length of the first lens is determined by emitting a test ray at a distance of 1 mm from the optical axis and recording the angle of the emitted ray, where f = 1 / tan(HWHM).

[0099] Figure 2 The light generation system 1000 of the present invention is schematically depicted in panel (I), and a comparative example using a hemispherical lens is schematically depicted in panel (II). Regarding the light generation system 1000 and the comparative example, Figure 2 The predicted ray (top), the predicted illumination profile on the target surface ((I) bottom left; (II) bottom right), and the 2D representation of the first lens 100 ((I) bottom right) and the 2D representation of the hemispherical lens ((II) bottom left) are schematically depicted.

[0100] Specifically, in the depicted embodiments and comparative examples, the condenser lens 200 is configured to receive light from either the first lens 100 or the hemispherical lens. In the depicted embodiment, the condenser lens is positioned at a distance d3 (or "lens-to-lens distance") from the first lens (third).

[0101] In one embodiment, the (third) distance d3 can be selected from a range of ≤9 mm, for example, from a range of ≤7 mm, particularly from a range of ≤5 mm, for example, from a range of ≤4 mm. In another embodiment, the (third) distance d3 can be selected from a range of ≥2 mm, for example, from a range of ≥3 mm, particularly from a range of ≥4 mm, for example, from a range of ≥5 mm.

[0102] Specifically, in the depicted embodiment, the light generation system 1000 includes a condenser lens 200, wherein the condenser lens includes an aspherical condenser lens, and the condenser lens 200 is configured to be in a light-receiving relationship with the first lens 100. Furthermore, in the depicted embodiment, the condenser lens 200 gradually tapers from a first side 210 to a second side 220, wherein the first side 210 is configured to be in a light-receiving relationship with the first lens 100.

[0103] In the depicted embodiment, the first side 210 may have approximately 2.25. The radius R1 is R0. In another embodiment, the first side 210 may have a radius selected from 1.5. R0-4 The radius R1 of the range R0.

[0104] like Figure 2 As depicted, the light source 10 is arranged to provide light 11 to the flat surface 110 of the first lens 100, wherein the first lens 100 is configured to provide a first beam 101 (of the light 11) to the condenser lens 200, wherein the condenser lens 200 is configured to receive at least 90% of the total intensity of the first beam 101. Specifically, the condenser lens 200 may be configured to provide a second beam 201 (of the system light 1001) from a second side 220 of the condenser lens 200. The system light 1001 may (therefore) include at least a portion of the light source 11.

[0105] In another embodiment, the condenser lens 200 may have a back focal length LBF, where LBF ≥ R0. (1+μ).

[0106] Specifically, such as Figure 2 The magnification of the depicted doublet lens system was evaluated using a ray-tracing model with the LightTools program for varying the cutoff distance, as reported in the table below. For all test configurations using varying cutoff distances, R0 = 4 mm. The cutoff spherical lens was combined with an aspherical condenser lens with a focal length of 20 mm and a diameter of 18 mm, and the lens-to-lens distance was chosen to produce a sharp focus at a distance of 3 m from the light source array. Distance d1 [R0] Distance d3 [mm] Focal length f [mm] HWHM Angle [°] Efficiency 1.667 3 7.1 8+ 1.5 5 9.5 6+ / - 1.33 7 11.4 5- 1 9 14.3 4-- Specifically, focal length f and half-width and half-maximum angle refer to the characteristics of the first lens 100, while efficiency refers to the overall illumination efficiency of the light generation system 1000.

[0107] These results show that truncation at 2 / 3 of the radius (d1 = 1.667R0) makes the first lens 100 twice as strong as the hemispherical lens. Furthermore, when truncation is made at 2 / 3 of the radius (see...), Figure 2The condenser lens (especially the aspherical condenser lens here) can be much smaller while capturing (essentially) all the light 11 from the circular surface 120. Conversely, the efficiency of the hemisphere is reduced compared to the truncation case where d1>R0, because some of the light from the source is not captured by the condenser lens; note that, as mentioned above, the distance d3 is chosen to produce a sharp (as much as possible) focus at 3 m.

[0108] In another example, a 7×7 pixelated LED source is placed close to a truncated spherical lens with a diameter of 7.6 mm, i.e., R0 = 3.8 mm. The cutoff distance is set to R0 / μ, where R0 is the radius of the sphere and μ is the refractive index of the truncated spherical lens, i.e., d1 = R0. (1+1 / μ), and μ=1.5. The final lens exhibits low spherical aberration and, combined with an aspherical condenser lens with a focal length of 20 mm and a diameter of 18 mm, and with the lens-to-lens distance d3 set to 3 mm, provides a compact and efficient pixelated condenser. The effective focal length of the dual-lens system is observed to be approximately 8 mm, and the angular spread in both the horizontal and vertical directions is approximately 8°. The term "angular spread" in this paper may refer to the total beam width when all pixels are on. The light generation system 1000 is used to provide a checkerboard pattern on a floor, the size of which is approximately 1 x 1 m. 2 Furthermore, the illuminance value of each (illuminated) pixel in the pattern is equal to 500 lux. The efficiency of the optical system was observed to be 98%.

[0109] As also mentioned above, a wider angular extension than 8° can be obtained by using a smaller diameter spherical lens. Specifically, with a cutoff distance of R0 / 3, i.e., d1 = 1.33, the beam angle is ±13 degrees for a 4 mm diameter spherical lens and ±11 degrees for 5 mm. The smaller value of d1 causes some distortion in the outermost corner pixels; that is, the image quality of the cutoff lens system may deteriorate when the cutoff distance is not equal to the preferred R / n value described above.

[0110] In an embodiment, spatial variations in maximum throughput per pixel can be applied to compensate for locally reduced illumination, for example, taking into account distortion in the outermost corner pixels.

[0111] Figure 3 An embodiment of a light generation system 1000 is schematically depicted, wherein the light generation system 1000 includes a control system 300. The control system 300 may be specifically configured to control a plurality of light sources 10, for example, to independently control two or more suitable subsets of the light sources 10 of the light source array 1010.

[0112] Figure 3An embodiment of a lighting device 1200 is schematically depicted, selected from the group consisting of lamps, illuminators 2, projector devices, disinfection devices, photochemical reactors, and optical wireless communication devices, including the light generating system 1000 of the present invention. Specifically, in the depicted embodiment, the lighting device 1200 includes a plurality of light generating systems 1000, wherein the light generating systems are configured to (selectively) illuminate shelves (or items 30 on shelves) in an aisle within an interior space 1300.

[0113] Therefore, in an embodiment, the lighting fixture 1200 may be configured to be arranged in an indoor space 1300 selected from the group consisting of shops and warehouses.

[0114] In the depicted embodiment, the light generating system 1000 is angled relative to the ceiling 1301, i.e., the flat surface is arranged at an angle α to the ceiling 1301, for example, an angle ≥10°, which can help to selectively illuminate the aisle-side shelves.

[0115] Therefore, in one embodiment, the lighting device 1200 may include a light generating system 1000, wherein the lighting device 1200 is configured to be physically coupled to the (suspended) ceiling 1310, such that the flat surface 110 of the light generating system 1000 is arranged at an angle α relative to the ceiling 1310, wherein α ≥ 10°, for example ≥ 20°, particularly 30°. In another embodiment, α ≤ 80°, for example ≤ 70°, particularly ≤ 60°.

[0116] In one embodiment, the lighting device 1200 can be configured to illuminate multiple locations in different directions, such as on two opposite sides of a passageway. Therefore, in another embodiment, the lighting device 1200 may include multiple light generating systems 1000, wherein the flat surfaces 110 of at least two light generating systems 1000 are arranged at an angle ≥20° to each other, for example, ≥40°, particularly ≥60°. In another embodiment, the flat surfaces 110 of at least two light generating systems 1000 are arranged at an angle ≤160° to each other, for example, ≤140°, particularly ≤120°.

[0117] In the depicted embodiment, the lighting device 1200 also includes a sensor 500 configured to detect the presence of an object 20, such as a shopping cart, and to provide relevant sensor signals to the control system 300. In such an embodiment, the control system 300 can be configured to control the light source 10 based on the relevant sensor signals.

[0118] In another embodiment, the control system may be configured to select one or more items 30 based on relevant sensor signals and control the light source 1010 to highlight the items 30.

[0119] In another embodiment, the control system may be configured to select one or more items 30 based on relevant sensor signals and a second input, wherein the second input is selected from a group including an item list, product matching input, specific object input, or historical information.

[0120] Figure 3 The arrangement of the lighting device 1200 of the present invention and the interior space 1300 is also schematically depicted, wherein the interior space 1300 includes a plurality of locations 1310, such as locations including the article 30, and wherein the lighting device 1200 is configured to individually illuminate the plurality of locations 1310.

[0121] The term "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand the terms "substantially" or "essentially" and similar terms used herein. The term "substantially" or "essentially" may also include embodiments with terms such as "completely," "entirely," "all," etc. Therefore, in embodiments, the adjective "substantially" or "essentially" may also be removed. Where applicable, the term "substantially" or "essentially" may also refer to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, particularly 99% or higher, even more particularly 99.5% or higher, including 100%.

[0123] The term "comprising" also includes embodiments, where the term "comprising" means "consisting of".

[0124] The term “and / or” specifically refers to one or more items mentioned before and after “and / or”. For example, the phrase “item 1 and / or item 2” and similar phrases may refer to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term “comprising” in one embodiment may mean “consisting of”, but in another embodiment it may also mean “comprising at least the defined kinds and optional one or more other kinds”.

[0125] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third, etc., used in the specification and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe an order or chronological sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate, and that embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in a different order than those described or shown in the text.

[0126] During operation, the equipment, apparatus, or system may be described herein in addition to the methods described herein. Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to the method of operation, or the equipment, apparatus, or system in operation.

[0127] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to devise many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

[0128] In the claims, any reference numerals placed in parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claims.

[0129] The use of the verb "comprising" and its variations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in the claims. Unless the context explicitly requires it, throughout the specification and claims, the words "comprising," "including," etc., should be interpreted as encompassing, not exclusive or exhaustive; that is, in the sense of "including but not limited to."

[0130] The article "one" or "a" preceding an element does not preclude the existence of multiple such elements.

[0131] This invention can be implemented by hardware comprising several different elements and by a computer that is appropriately programmed. In the device claims, apparatus claims, or system claims listing several means, several of these means can be implemented by the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are referenced in mutually different dependent claims does not imply that combinations of these measures cannot be used advantageously. In another aspect, the invention provides a software product that, when run on a computer, enables the implementation of one or more embodiments of the methods described herein.

[0132] The present invention also provides a control system that can control a device, apparatus, or system, or perform the methods or processes described herein. Furthermore, the present invention provides a computer program product that, when functionally coupled to or executed on a computer included in a device, apparatus, or system, controls one or more controllable elements of such device, apparatus, or system.

[0133] The present invention is also applicable to devices, apparatuses, or systems that include one or more characterizing features described in the specification and / or shown in the drawings. The present invention also relates to methods or processes that include one or more characterizing features described in the specification and / or shown in the drawings.

[0134] The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined to provide additional advantages. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be combined, and more than two embodiments can be combined. Additionally, some features can form the basis of one or more divisional applications.

Claims

1. A light generation system (1000) comprising a light source array (1010) and a first lens (100), wherein the light source array (1010) comprises a plurality of light sources (10), wherein the first lens (100) is a solid truncated spherical lens (400), the truncated spherical lens (400) comprising a flat surface (110) and a circular surface (120), wherein the flat surface (110) is arranged in a light-receiving relationship with the plurality of light sources (10), wherein the circular surface (120) is shaped according to the surface of a virtual sphere (425) having a radius (R0) and occupies at least 66% of the spherical surface (420) of the virtual sphere (425), wherein an axis (A) perpendicular to the flat surface (110) intersects the first lens (100) by a distance (d1), wherein d1 is selected from 1.

33. R0-1.90 The range of R0, The light generating system (1000) further includes a condenser lens (200) configured to receive light from the first lens (100). The condenser lens (200) tapers from a first side (210) to a second side (220), wherein the first side (210) is configured to receive light from the first lens (100), and wherein the first side (210) has a width selected from 1.

5. R0-4 The radius of the range R0 (R1).

2. The light generation system (1000) according to claim 1, wherein d1 ≤ 1.85 R0.

3. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lens has a refractive index μ, wherein d1 is selected from 0.

9. R0 (1+1 / μ)-1.1 R0 The range of (1+1 / μ).

4. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the circular surface (120) occupies at least 80% of the spherical surface (420).

5. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first lens (100) has a total surface area (Atot), wherein the flat surface (110) has a flat surface area (Ap), wherein the circular surface (120) has a circular surface area (Ar), and wherein Ap + Ar ≥ 0.99 Atot.

6. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R0 is selected from the range of 2-8 mm, and wherein the first lens (100) has an effective focal length (f) selected from the range of ≤18 mm.

7. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light source (10) is arranged to provide light source light (11) to a flat surface (110) of the first lens (100), wherein the first lens (100) is configured to provide a first light beam (101) to the condenser lens (200), wherein the condenser lens (200) is configured to receive at least 90% of the first light beam (101).

8. The light generation system (1000) according to claim 3, wherein the condenser lens (200) has a back focal length LBF, wherein LBF ≥ R0 (1+μ).

9. The light generating system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the condenser lens (200) is arranged at a third distance (d3) from the first lens (100), wherein d3 is selected from the range of 2-7 mm.

10. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light source array (1010) comprises at least 25 light sources (10), and wherein the light sources are arranged at a second distance (d2) from the flat surface (110), wherein d2 is selected from the range of 0.01-0.5 mm.

11. The light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light source array (1010) comprises a pixelated light source array, and wherein the light generation system (1000) comprises a control system (300), wherein the control system (300) is configured to independently control two or more suitable subsets of the light sources (10) of the light source array (1010).

12. A lighting device (1200) selected from the group consisting of lamps, illuminators (2), projector devices, disinfection devices, photochemical reactors and optical wireless communication devices, the lighting device comprising a light generation system (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims.

13. The lighting device (1200) according to claim 12, the lighting device (1200) comprising a sensor (500) and a light generating system (1000) according to claim 12, wherein the sensor (500) is configured to detect the presence of an object (20) and provide an associated sensor signal to the control system (300), and wherein the control system (300) is configured to control the light source (10) based on the associated sensor signal.

14. An apparatus comprising a lighting device (1200) according to any one of claims 12-13 and an interior space (1300), wherein the interior space (1300) includes a plurality of locations (1310), wherein the lighting device (1200) is configured to individually illuminate the plurality of locations (1310).

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