Joint communication and sensing

Abstract

A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication 2375 network is disclosed, the wireless device being adapted for wireless communication, and for sensing and / or radar operation, the method comprising adapting the sensing operation based on the communication operation, and / or vice versa. The disclosure also relates to related devices and methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates, in particular, to wireless communication and radar technologies used at high frequencies. Background Technology

[0002] For future wireless communication systems, the combination of wireless communication and sensing (radar) is discussed, particularly using the same spectrum and / or hardware for both. This is sometimes referred to as Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS). Combining these functions presents many challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide methods for processing JCAS, particularly regarding the multiplexing of communication signaling and sensing signaling. The described methods can be utilized for one or more different frequency ranges. For example, they can be implemented for frequency ranges (e.g., carrier bandwidth and / or system bandwidth) used for sensing and / or communication signaling at 1 GHz or higher, 2 GHz or higher, 5 GHz or higher, or 6 GHz or higher, or 10 GHz or higher, and / or for millimeter-wave communication, particularly for radio carrier frequencies around 52.6 GHz and / or above, which can be considered high radio frequencies (high frequencies) and / or millimeter waves. The carrier frequency can be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, for example with a lower boundary between 52.6, 55, 60, and 71 GHz and / or a higher boundary between 71, 72, 90, 114, and 140 GHz or higher, particularly between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72 GHz; however, higher frequencies can be considered, particularly 71 GHz or 72 GHz or higher, and / or 100 GHz or higher, and / or 140 GHz or higher. The carrier frequency can specifically refer to the center frequency or maximum frequency of the carrier. The radio nodes and / or networks described herein can operate in broadband with a carrier bandwidth (or bandwidth or carrier aggregation) of, for example, 400 MHz or higher (particularly 1 GHz or higher, or 2 GHz or higher, or even higher, such as 6 GHz or higher, or 8 GHz or higher); the scheduled or allocated bandwidth can be the carrier bandwidth or less, for example, depending on the channel and / or process. In some cases, operation can be based on OFDM or SC-FDM waveforms (e.g., downlink and / or uplink), particularly FDF-SC-FDM waveforms. However, operation based on single-carrier waveforms such as SC-FDE (which can be pulse-shaped or frequency-domain filtered, e.g., based on modulation schemes and / or MCS) can be considered for downlink and / or uplink. Generally, different waveforms can be used for different communication directions. Communication using or utilizing a carrier and / or beam can correspond to operation using or utilizing a carrier and / or beam, and / or may include transmitting on a carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on a carrier and / or beam. Operation can be based on and / or associated with a parameter set that may indicate the subcarrier spacing and / or duration and / or its equivalent for the allocation unit, for example, compared to an OFDM-based system. The subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency spacing may, for example, correspond to 960 kHz or 1920 kHz, representing, for example, the bandwidth of the subcarrier or its equivalent.

[0004] The method is particularly advantageous for implementation in future sixth-generation (6G) telecommunications networks or 6G radio access technologies or networks (RAT / RAN) based, especially according to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, the standardization organization). Suitable RANs can be, in particular, RANs evolved from NR (e.g., version 18 or later) or LTE. However, the method can also be used with other RATs (e.g., future 5.5G systems or IEEE-based systems).

[0005] A method for operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network is disclosed. The wireless device is adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation. The method includes adapting sensing operations based on and / or according to communication operations, and / or vice versa.

[0006] A wireless device for wireless communication networks is discussed. This wireless device is adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation. The wireless device is adapted to adapt sensing operation based on and / or according to communication operation, and / or vice versa.

[0007] Furthermore, a network node in a wireless communication network is proposed. This network node is suitable for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation. The method includes adapting sensing operations based on and / or according to communication operations, and / or vice versa.

[0008] Network nodes for wireless communication networks are also considered. These network nodes are adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation. The network nodes are also adapted to adapt sensing operations based on and / or according to communication operations, and / or vice versa.

[0009] Sensing operations may include and / or be based on transmitting and / or receiving sensing signaling, such as for radar and / or positioning. An apparatus suitable for sensing operations may be adapted to transmit and / or receive sensing signaling. Communication operations may include and / or be based on transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling, such as data signaling and / or control signaling, for example for transmitting user data (e.g., voice data and / or video data and / or application data). An apparatus suitable for communication signaling may be adapted to transmit and / or receive communication signaling. Communication operations and sensing operations may be on the same and / or overlapping and / or adjacent carrier and / or frequency ranges, and / or may be on different carrier and / or frequency ranges, for example, not overlapping and / or not adjacent (e.g., not sharing boundary frequencies).

[0010] Adaptation based on sensing and / or communication operations may include considering requirements or objectives (e.g., for communication and / or for sensing, particularly timing requirements and / or data throughput requirements), and / or (e.g., signaling (such as communication signaling)) scheduling, and / or devices similar to communication and / or sensing participants (e.g., one or more wireless devices and / or network nodes), and / or link budgets, and / or available resources, and / or priorities, and / or quality of service (e.g., for specific types of communication signaling and / or sensing signaling). It can be considered that in some scenarios, using sensing signaling to track a target may have a higher priority than identifying or detecting the presence of a target, such that tracking can be given a higher priority than identification or detection, for example, compared to one or more types of communication signaling and / or regarding timing, particularly for high-speed targets and / or depending on the target's speed or rate.

[0011] Adaptation can be considered to include the transmission and / or reception of scheduling signaling (particularly sensing signaling and / or communication signaling). Scheduling can include configuring and / or allocating resources (e.g., time and / or frequency and / or code resources) for signaling, particularly for communication signaling and / or sensing signaling. Scheduling can ensure that resources for time and / or frequency and / or code do not overlap in at least one of these domains, and / or can include, for example, multiplexing such signaling and / or resources in one or more transmission timing structures and / or time slots and / or subframes. This allows operation in both sensing and communication modes within optimized scheduling and / or in an optimized manner, utilizing available hardware and resources. Adaptation and / or scheduling can take power control (particularly for transmission), for example, ensuring that the maximum power and / or energy used for transmission timing structures (e.g., time slots or sub-time slots) is not exceeded, and / or that the maximum power difference during transmission timing structures (e.g., time slots or sub-time slots) is not exceeded. Power control can be related to both communication signaling and sensing signaling, for example, the total power (or summed power) used for both. This can allow for optimized use of power amplification and / or power circuitry, for example, within the linear range; this can be particularly relevant to high frequencies (e.g., above 1 GHz or 5 GHz) of the carrier used for signaling transmission.

[0012] Adaptation-related information can be sent and / or received as signaling (particularly communication signaling). This information can be provided as control signaling and / or physical layer signaling, and / or on the control channel (or in some cases, on the data channel, such as for a UCI solution on a PUSCH, where control information (e.g., uplink control information) and / or physical layer information can be sent on the data channel and / or resources allocated to the data channel), for example as downlink control information (e.g., from a network node to a wireless device) and / or sidelink control information (e.g., between wireless devices) and / or uplink control information (e.g., from a wireless device to a network node). Alternatively or additionally, the information can be provided as higher-layer signaling and / or on the data channel and / or as data signaling, for example in the downlink and / or uplink and / or sidelink. Multi-hop can be considered, where one device provides information to another, which then passes the information to yet another device (e.g., downlink to sidelink). Alternatively, multiple directions can be considered, such as having a wireless device provide information to another wireless device via a sidelink and to a network node via an uplink. Adaptation-related information can represent and / or indicate: resources for sensing signaling and / or communication signaling, and / or requests for resources, and / or requests to perform sensing, and / or information about what will be performed (e.g., for notification that resources are blocked for devices not involved in sensing and / or sensing signaling can be dropped and / or ignored, e.g., in a multistatic scenario where some wireless devices are not involved). This information can be provided in unicast or multicast (e.g., addressing a group of devices in a multistatic scenario) and / or broadcast. This information can indicate the timing and / or direction of sensing signaling, and / or the beam or beam identifier or beam pair, and / or can configure and / or schedule such signaling (e.g., if the information is sent by a network node); scheduling can instruct a wireless device to be scheduled to send and / or receive sensing signaling. This information can be associated with the intended sensing operation and / or sensing signaling. This can facilitate coordination between nodes or devices, and / or limit interference effects. In some cases, this information can be sent and / or received via a communication interface between network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or control nodes and / or higher-level nodes), particularly in multi-base scenarios involving multiple network nodes, and / or to notify other nodes of sensing operations (which can facilitate interference management). Generally, adaptation can be based on and / or according to sensing signaling or communication signaling from the same device; alternatively or additionally, it can be based on and / or according to signaling from another device, for example, to adapt sensing signaling to be sent by another base station. Related information can be provided, for example, via such a communication interface.

[0013] It can be considered that adaptation may include and / or may be based on adapting sensing frames and / or sensing periods and / or sensing signaling durations and / or sensing signaling sequences and / or the number of sensing signaling symbols. Such adaptation can optimize sensing operations. A sensing frame may be associated with a time interval including one or more occurrences of sensing signaling; an occurrence may include one or more symbols and / or sequences of sensing signaling. A sensing frame may represent a time interval including that number of occurrences and / or symbols and / or sequences intended for a sensing activity (e.g., tracking and / or identification and / or detection). Between the occurrences of sensing signaling, there may be intervals including communication signaling and / or protection time and / or gaps. A sensing frame may correspond to and / or be equal to or longer than one or more subframes and / or time slots (it may be shorter than a frame). A sensing period may be associated with (e.g., within a sensing frame) the period of sensing occurrences and / or the period of the sensing frame. The occurrence of sensing signaling may include one or more symbols and / or allocation units carrying and / or intended for or scheduled for sensing signaling, which may be temporally adjacent and / or consecutive. The duration of sensing signaling can be related to the duration of sensing signaling in an occurrence or the total duration of all occurrences in a sensing frame, and / or represent the duration of sensing signaling in an occurrence or the total duration of all occurrences in a sensing frame. Adaptation may include scheduling occurrences and / or the durations and / or periods of occurrences from a set of possible occurrences and / or durations, where this set may correspond to occurrences having the same total duration in a sensing frame and the duration for each occurrence. The sensing signaling sequence may represent a sequence of modulation symbols and / or a sequence represented by modulation symbols, and / or a sequence based on which signaling is determined. Different sequences may be used for different occurrences and / or sensing frames; it can be considered that the sequence used for shorter occurrences may be different from the sequence used for longer occurrences; in particular, selection from the set described herein with the same total duration (for all occurrences within a sensing frame) is considered. The number of sensing signaling symbols can be related to the number of sensing symbols (and / or symbols or allocation units carrying or intended to be scheduled to carry sensing signaling) for each sensing frame and / or sensed occurrence. This can facilitate adaptation to timing conditions, such as speed and / or rate and / or communication requirements and / or signaling or load conditions based on one or more targets.

[0014] In some variations, adaptation may include and / or scheduling based on sensing signaling and / or communication signaling. Scheduling may relate to a device or node (e.g., a wireless device or network node) scheduling itself and / or another device (e.g., using adaptation-related information as described herein). This may particularly relate to a network node scheduling one or more wireless devices.

[0015] Adaptation may include, in particular, sending and / or receiving sensing signaling and / or communication signaling based on scheduling. Alternatively or additionally, sending and / or receiving sensing signaling and / or communication signaling and / or scheduling or configuration may be based on adaptation. Thus, scheduling may be implemented by the device.

[0016] It can be considered that adaptation may include sending and / or receiving scheduled communication signaling that indicates sensing signaling. Communication signaling settings or capabilities may be adapted and / or utilized to accommodate sensing signaling, which may require relatively limited changes to the communication signaling settings (e.g., in terms of message or signaling extensions).

[0017] Adaptation may include using different parameter sets and / or waveforms and / or sequences and / or sequence roots for sensing signaling and communication signaling. Specifically, symbol duration and / or allocation unit duration and / or cyclic prefix duration may differ between sensing signaling and communication signaling. In some cases, the duration of the occurrence of sensing signaling may correspond to and / or be equal to the duration of one or more symbols (e.g., an integer number of symbols) of the communication signaling and / or associated parameter set; this may include one or more guard intervals (e.g., at the beginning and / or end of the occurrence of sensing signaling). Cyclic prefix durations may be different, for example, making the cyclic prefix associated with sensing signaling longer than the cyclic prefix associated with communication signaling, for example, to accommodate path delays and / or longer impulse responses for sensing signaling. Seamlessly integrating sensing signaling into the timing structure for communication signaling can be considered and / or thus achieved.

[0018] Generally, adaptation may include scheduling sensing signaling for multiple receivers, such that multiple receivers (e.g., one or more wireless devices and / or network nodes) can be scheduled to receive the same transmission of sensing signaling, for example, due to scattering in different directions by a target. This can facilitate multi-base operation. Scheduling may include providing scheduling-related information, for example, via control signaling (such as downlink control signaling and / or DCI), which may be sent by network nodes. Scheduling and / or information may be sent via multiple different paths (e.g., downlink signaling and / or one or more communication interfaces between network nodes).

[0019] Performing sensing may include receiving and / or monitoring to receive sensing signaling; and / or sending sensing signaling. Sending and receiving by the same device or node may be associated with monostatic sensing; in a multistatic scenario, it may be possible that one or more receivers are not transmitters and / or one or more transmitters are not receivers (of sensing signaling).

[0020] Sensing and / or radar operations can be used interchangeably. Sensing operations can be performed in sensing mode. Communication can be performed in communication mode. Different antenna arrangements and / or different nodes can operate in different modes; in some cases, different antenna arrangements of the same radio node can operate in different modes, such as using frequency domain multiplexing (e.g., in addition to and / or superimposed on time domain multiplexing). Sensing operations may include transmitting and / or receiving sensing signaling. Sensing signaling may be signaling intended to be reflected by one or more targets, for example, to determine the presence and / or position and / or rate and / or velocity of a target from the reflected signaling. Sensing operations can be monostatic, or in some cases bistatic or multistatic.

[0021] Communication signaling can be considered as being based on multi-carrier waveforms, such as OFDM waveforms, or waveforms based on DFT-s-OFDM, and / or communication signaling based on waveforms with cyclic appendixes. Cyclic appendixes can typically be either cyclic prefixes or cyclic suffixes. An appendix can represent a repetition of a portion of the signaling carried by a symbol at the beginning (suffix) or end (prefix) of the signaling, and it can be appended to the opposite side (end or beginning) of the symbol; for example, a cyclic prefix can be considered a repetition of the signaling at the end of the symbol it pertains to. Cyclic appendixes can be associated with a specific symbol and can have a duration shorter than the symbol duration, for example, less than 1 / 4 or less than 1 / 6 of the symbol duration.

[0022] Devices similar to radio nodes (e.g., wireless devices and / or network nodes) can operate in TDD mode, such as switching between DL and UL periods. A DL period can be a period during which a radio node operates using DL transmissions, and a UL period can be a period during which a radio node operates using UL transmissions (e.g., a network node can transmit during DL and receive during UL, and vice versa for a wireless device). It can be considered that there are TDD protection periods between DL and UL periods and / or between UL and DL periods, which can include multiple symbol time intervals, such as 10 or more symbols, or 12 or more symbols; the protection periods for DL / UL and UL / DL can have the same duration or different durations. Protection periods can allow switching circuitry and / or handling of interference between different communication directions (especially considering that DL signaling tends to be much stronger than (received) UL signaling). Time-domain multiplexing of sensing signaling and communication signaling can refer to and / or include and / or contain and / or represent switching between communication and sensing modes, such that at different times, different modes are used at least for a portion of the circuitry and / or antenna arrangement and / or signaling associated with the radio node. Antenna arrangements may include one or more antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels; different antenna arrangements may include different antenna elements and / or subarrays and / or panels. Different antenna arrangements and / or panels and / or subarrays and / or elements may be adapted to be controlled or controllable separately from each other. There may be the same number of DL and UL periods and / or the same duration associated with DL and UL (at least at a specific time interval, e.g., alternating such that one DL period is followed by one UL period, or vice versa), or different numbers or durations, such as (approximately) 3:1 (e.g., 3 DL periods followed by a TDD protection period and 1 UL period), or (approximately) 2:1, or even (approximately) 1:2 or 1:NU, where NU is 3 or greater, for UL-dense scenarios. The duration of the UL period may be the same as or different from the duration of the DL period. The distribution and / or duration of DL and UL periods can be referred to as TDD modes; TDD modes can be dynamically controllable (e.g., using DCI signaling), and / or configurable or configurable, for example using higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling or RLC signaling), and / or semi-static configurable or configurable. A TDD mode can describe, for example, the minimum time domain distribution of DL periods and / or UL periods and / or TDD protection periods repeating temporally over one or more frames and / or subframes and / or time slots and / or multiple repeating time durations covering the TDD mode. It can be considered that operation in sensing mode can include both transmission and reception performed by the same radio node, independent of the TDD periods associated with the communication mode.It can be assumed that sensing modes and / or sensing intervals can be inserted and / or embedded and / or reused into time periods nominally associated with DL and / or UL and / or TDD protection periods (especially DL / UL protection periods).

[0023] Sensing signaling and communication signaling can be transmitted by the same transmitting node or device (e.g., a radio node) or by different nodes. Specifically, it can be considered that a radio node transmits both communication and sensing signaling, and may additionally monitor and / or receive reflections of sensing signaling, for example, in a monostatic scenario. In some cases, a radio node may receive both communication and sensing signaling and / or may additionally transmit sensing signaling (e.g., in a monostatic scenario). In some cases, a radio may transmit communication signaling and receive (and / or monitor) sensing signaling, and may additionally transmit sensing signaling, or vice versa. It should be considered that receiving sensing signaling may include and / or be based on monitoring sensing signaling, for example, using one or more receiving beams and / or beam sweeps. Receiving or monitoring sensing signaling may represent reflected and / or diffracted sensing signaling, for example, after impact with a target object and / or obstacle. Operation using sensing and communication signaling can be associated with a specific time period (e.g., a joint operation interval) during which both communication and sensing are performed. The operational state of a radio node may be focused on one type of operation, such as communication or sensing only. Frequency multiplexing of sensing and communication signaling (also known as frequency domain multiplexing or frequency duplexing) can refer to sensing signaling having a different location in the frequency domain than communication signaling, such as in a non-overlapping portion of the spectrum (non-overlapping bandwidth). Specifically, sensing signaling may occupy a first frequency bandwidth, and communication signaling may occupy a second frequency bandwidth, wherein the first and second frequency bandwidths may be non-overlapping and / or separate and / or independent in the frequency domain.

[0024] The device or radio node can be, for example, a wireless device, user equipment, or terminal, or a network node, signaling radio node, or base station. Therefore, sensing capabilities can be provided by the co-participants in the wireless communication network.

[0025] It can be assumed that a radio node is suitable for utilizing an NP number of antenna subarrays and / or panels, where NP can be an integer of 4 or greater. An antenna subarray can include multiple antenna elements, such as 4 or more, or 10 or more, or 50 or more, or 100 or more. The antenna subarray and / or the antenna elements associated with and / or included therein can be associated with and / or connected to one and / or the same antenna circuitry, and / or can be jointly controllable for analog and / or digital beamforming, and / or operable for joint transmission or reception. The panel can include a support structure, such as plastic and / or metal and / or wood, that supports one or more antenna subarrays, and additionally may support additional circuitry (e.g., antenna circuitry and / or interface circuitry). Each antenna subarray can be associated for a communication direction (e.g., receiving or transmitting) and / or a function (e.g., sensing or communication). It can be assumed that the antenna elements of the antenna subarray share the same polarization (e.g., horizontal or vertical). In some cases, NP can be even, where NP / 2 antenna subarrays (and / or their antenna elements) can be associated with a first polarization (e.g., horizontal or vertical, left-hand or right-hand, or any other suitable polarization), and another NP / 2 antenna subarrays are associated with a second polarization, which can be orthogonal to the first polarization. For example, the first polarization can be horizontal and the second polarization vertical, or the first polarization can be left-hand and the second polarization can be right-hand. This allows for the operation of multiple beams, providing good flexibility and / or greater signaling capacity. Generally, the antenna arrangement associated with a radio node can include one or more antenna subarrays, particularly an even number. Generally, different antenna subarrays and / or panels can be used for different functions at different times, such as transmitting or receiving, and / or sensing or communicating. The polarization of the antenna elements can be associated with a specific operating direction, such as for transmitting or receiving. Depending on the signaling direction (transmit or receive), the polarization can be different. For example, an antenna subarray can be associated with a first polarization for transmitting and a second polarization for receiving, or vice versa. This can be achieved, for example, by providing cross-linear antenna elements for the subarray, using associated connections / circuits based on polarization.

[0026] Wireless devices can, for example, use scheduling and / or control information messages to receive indications of resources (e.g., time and / or frequency and / or code resources), and / or encoding and / or MCS and / or scrambling and / or spreading and / or transmission power and / or carrier and / or timing (e.g., timing advance or timing reference, if transmitted by the wireless device). Monitoring can be performed based on such information, particularly assuming that the possible delay is at least as large as the delay produced by the direct path, since reflected signals from the target may be delayed more significantly.

[0027] Specifically, sensing signaling can be considered as being transmitted and / or received by a radio node using a first set of antenna elements and / or antenna subarrays and / or radar panels, and communication signaling can be considered as being transmitted and / or received by a radio node using a second set of antenna elements and / or antenna subarrays and / or antenna panels. The first set may include subarrays and / or antenna elements and / or antenna panels different from the second set. The first set may include one or more antenna subarrays and / or panels, e.g., NC subarrays and / or panels, particularly an even number. The second set can be considered as including one or more antenna subarrays and / or panels, e.g., NS subarrays, particularly an even number. It can be considered that NC + NS = NP. In some cases, NC and / or NS subarrays and / or panels may include an equal number of antenna subarrays and / or panels associated with the first and second polarizations (generally, if all antenna elements of an antenna subarray are associated with the same polarization, then the antenna subarray can be considered associated with that polarization). It can be assumed that different antenna subarrays are used to transmit and receive sensing signaling, where the same polarization can be associated with the transmission and reception of sensing signaling.

[0028] Sensing signaling and communication signaling can be considered to be transmitted and / or received within an operating time interval (e.g., a time slot or an integer number of N symbol time intervals, or allocation units or block symbols). The operating time interval can correspond to 1 ms or less, or 0.5 ms or less, or 0.1 ms or less, and / or N can be 1000 or less, or 300 or less, or 200 or less, or 100 or less, or 20 or less. Therefore, a radio node can operate both signaling types within a short timescale. Within the operating time interval, sensing signaling and communication signaling can be time-multiplexed or operated simultaneously or both (in different sub-segments).

[0029] In some variations, sensing signaling and communication signaling may be transmitted and / or received, for example, within an operating time interval or one or more sub-intervals, at least partially or completely overlapping in time. Partial overlap in time may mean that a portion of the sensing signaling does not overlap with the communication signaling, while complete overlap may mean that all sensing signaling overlaps with the communication signaling (in the time domain, particularly within the operating time interval and / or one or more sub-intervals).

[0030] Specifically, sensing signaling can typically be transmitted within a sensing time interval, and reflections of the sensing signaling can be monitored (and / or received) within a monitoring time interval, wherein the sensing time interval and the monitoring time interval can at least partially or completely overlap in time. The sensing time interval and / or monitoring time interval can be part of the operating time interval, for example, included therein (e.g., as a sub-interval) or cover the operating time interval. This facilitates joint operation on short timescales.

[0031] It can be assumed that the first antenna subarray and / or antenna panel can be used to transmit sensing signaling, and the second antenna subarray and / or antenna panel can be used to monitor and / or receive reflections of sensing signaling. Two or more antenna subarrays and / or panels can be used, for example, for communication using communication signaling during operation time intervals. The first and second subarrays and / or panels can have different polarizations. This can facilitate sensing operation, especially for large NPs (e.g., 8 or greater), with relatively low impact on communication operation.

[0032] Generally, sensing signaling and communication signaling occupy the same spectrum, such as the same carrier. Frequency reuse typically refers to different locations of the spectrum assigned to sensing and communication signaling, such as different portions of the carrier bandwidth; additionally, different bandwidths can be assigned to sensing and communication signaling. Therefore, spectrum reuse can be provided. This can refer to the operating time interval.

[0033] It can be assumed that sensing signaling may occupy 350 MHz or lower, or 300 MHz or lower, and / or 10% or less of the carrier or system bandwidth, or 5% or less of the carrier or system bandwidth, and / or 10% or less of the bandwidth used for communication signaling (second frequency bandwidth or second bandwidth), and / or 7% or less of the bandwidth used for communication signaling (first frequency bandwidth or first bandwidth). This can refer to the operating time interval; in addition, different bandwidth sizes can be used, for example, if only communication signaling is used for a longer period (e.g., 5 times or more the duration of the operating time interval, or 10 times, 20 times, or 50 times or more the duration of the operating time interval), the full carrier / system bandwidth can be applied to the communication signaling. Therefore, bandwidth constraints can be improved.

[0034] In some variations, sensing signaling may occupy a first frequency bandwidth (or first bandwidth), and communication signaling may occupy a second frequency bandwidth (second bandwidth), wherein an additional frequency gap may exist or be located between the first and second frequency bandwidths. The second frequency bandwidth may be larger in size than the first frequency bandwidth; for example, it may be SM times the size, where SM may be 3 or more, or 5 or more, or 10 or more, or 15 or more. This gap may correspond to a bandwidth smaller than the second frequency bandwidth and / or may be smaller than the first frequency bandwidth. This gap may correspond to, for example, a guard bandwidth that limits interference between the first and second frequency bandwidths.

[0035] Generally, communication signaling can be based on OFDM waveforms, such as those based on DFT-s-OFDM. This can facilitate reliable communication with high capacity.

[0036] The method described in this paper facilitates radar or sensing using hardware with communication radio nodes, with limited overhead or efficiency loss.

[0037] Sensing signaling can be represented by reference signaling and / or may include reference signaling. Different types of sensing signaling can differ in terms of parameter sets and / or waveforms and / or modulation symbol sequences and / or sequence roots and / or durations and / or frequency bandwidths and / or densities (e.g., in the time domain and / or frequency domain) and / or codes and / or timings (particularly with respect to period) and / or beamform or beam size.

[0038] Communication signaling and / or sensing signaling can be based on OFDM waveforms, such as OFDM and / or SC-FDM. Transmitting and / or receiving sensing signaling can be considered as operating using sensing signaling. Operating using communication signaling and / or communicating using communication signaling can be considered as transmitting and / or receiving communication signaling. Depending on whether the radio node is suitable for full-duplex operation, operating using sensing signaling can include operation in the same direction (e.g., both operations consist of or are composed of transmitting, or both operations consist of or are composed of receiving), or operation in different directions (for any one or both operations, or between operations and / or for one operation). Therefore, different use cases and setup types (single-base or multi-base) can be considered.

[0039] In some cases, operating using sensing signaling may include sending and / or receiving sensing signaling. Generally, receiving sensing signaling may include receiving a reflection of the sensing signaling; the reflection may be time-shifted relative to the sent signaling (due to propagation delay); this time shift may be two symbol time intervals or less, or one symbol time interval or less, or the duration of a cyclic prefix or less. The range of sensing signaling can be configured accordingly. Generally, operating using sensing signaling may include performing sensing and / or determining the presence (or absence) of an object and / or determining one or more properties of one or more objects (sensing targets).

[0040] Communication signaling can be considered based on OFDM waveforms, such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, or pulsed DFT-s-OFDM. These waveforms are particularly suitable for wireless communications at high frequencies and / or with high communication loads. In some cases, sensing signaling can be based on OFDM waveforms, such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, pulsed DFT-s-OFDM, or OFTS-based waveforms. The sensing signaling waveform can be based on the same waveform as the communication signaling, allowing for easy reuse of configurations and circuitry. In some cases, it can be based on different waveforms, allowing flexibility, such as for different use cases and functions.

[0041] The device or radio node can be a wireless device, user equipment, or terminal. Alternatively, it can be a network node or a signaling radio node. A radio node suitable for wireless communication can be a radio node adapted to transmit and / or receive communication signaling and / or adapted to operate using signaling conforming to communication standards (e.g., according to 3GPP standards). A radio node adapted to operate using signaling conforming to communication standards can be adapted to utilize signaling and / or waveforms according to standards and / or circuitry capable of generating such waveforms and / or signaling. Communication signaling can be and / or includes, for example, data signaling and / or control signaling and / or reference signaling according to wireless communication standards (such as 3GPP standards or IEEE standards). A radio node suitable for sensing operation and / or radar operation can be adapted and / or configured or configurable for transmitting and / or receiving signaling for sensing or radar functions, particularly according to configurations for sensing and / or processing signaling. Radio nodes can share circuitry, such as processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry and / or antenna elements and / or subarrays, between communication signaling and sensing operation and / or sensing signaling. Sensing operation can be monostatic and / or multistatic. Sensing signaling can be reference signaling and / or communication signaling and / or signaling dedicated to sensing. Sensing signaling can have different types of signaling, such as based on purpose and / or object and / or sensing function or associated with it (e.g., which parameters of the object will be determined). Multiplexing communication signaling and sensing signaling within a multiplexing time interval can correspond to communication signaling and sensing signaling being transmitted by the same node or different nodes within the multiplexing time interval. Operating using communication signaling can include sending and / or receiving communication signaling. Operating using sensing signaling can include sending and / or receiving sensing signaling. A radio node can be adapted for monostatic operation. In this case, it can be adapted for full-duplex operation, transmitting and receiving within fully or at least partially overlapping time intervals (e.g., corresponding to and / or at least partially overlapping with the multiplexing time interval), such that it can receive reflected sensing signaling transmitted by itself (due to the high speed of radio waves, reflected sensing signaling will typically be received while the radio node is still transmitting sensing signaling). The radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry and / or antenna circuitry of a radio node can be adapted to handle both communication signaling and sensing signaling. A radio node can be adapted for full-duplex and / or half-duplex operation. Full-duplex can refer to simultaneous transmission and reception, for example, using the same or different circuitry, and / or using different antenna subarrays or individually operable antenna subarrays or antenna elements.

[0042] Sensing signaling can be beamformed. Communication signaling can also be beamformed. Different beams, particularly narrower beams, can be used for sensing signaling compared to communication signaling. In some cases, the beamform of sensing signaling can be different for different occurrences and / or signaling types and / or functions. Beam switching can be performed when switching from communication signaling to sensing signaling and vice versa. Sensing signaling can be transmitted using a sensing beam and / or isotropically or using a default beam; it can be received using a receiving beam or using default or isotropic reception. The sensing beam can be swept across a spatial angle, for example, according to a sweeping scheme, to perform sensing in that spatial angle.

[0043] DFT-s-OFDM-based waveforms can be constructed by performing a DFT spread operation on modulation symbols mapped to frequency intervals (e.g., subcarriers), for example, to provide time-varying signals. DFT-s-OFDM-based waveforms can also be referred to as SC-FDM waveforms. They can be considered to provide good PAPR characteristics, thus allowing for optimized operation of power amplifiers, especially at high frequencies. In general, the methods described herein can also be applied to single-carrier-based waveforms, such as FDE-based waveforms. For example, communication on data and / or control channels can be based on and / or utilize either DFT-s-OFDM-based or single-carrier-based waveforms.

[0044] Communication can occur, particularly on multiple communication links and / or beams and / or simultaneously with multiple targets (e.g., TRPs or other forms of transmission sources are also being received) and / or multiple layers; different reference signaling for multiple transmissions or receptions can be based on different sequence roots and / or combs and / or cyclic shifts. Therefore, high throughput can be achieved with low interference. Generally, (e.g., the same type) different reference signaling can be associated with different transmission sources and / or beams and / or layers, especially if transmitted simultaneously and / or overlapping in time (e.g., considering different timing advance values ​​if transmitted in the uplink). For example, there can be a first reference signaling transmitted using a first transmission source and / or a first beam and / or a first layer, and a second reference signaling transmitted using the first transmission source and / or the first beam and / or the first layer.

[0045] A program product is also described, comprising instructions for causing processing circuitry to control and / or perform the methods described herein. Furthermore, carrier medium devices for carrying and / or storing program products as described herein are considered. An information system comprising and / or connected to or connectable to a radio node is also disclosed. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the concepts and methods described herein and are not intended to limit its scope. The drawings include:

[0047] Figure 1 This illustrates an exemplary resource allocation;

[0048] Figure 2 An exemplary scenario for sensing is shown;

[0049] Figure 3 Another exemplary scenario for sensing is shown;

[0050] Figure 4 An exemplary wireless device is shown; and

[0051] Figure 5 An example network node is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Joint Communications and Sensing (JCAS) is emerging as one of the use cases for future wireless cellular communications, such as 6G. In one approach, cellular communication (radio) nodes (base stations / UEs) can be used to sense the environment by using communication-specific signals and / or dedicated sensing signals, providing information about objects in the surrounding environment such as their location, shape, speed, etc. Some possible applications of sensing using cellular communication systems are traffic monitoring and collision avoidance, gesture / motion detection, object or person presence detection, vital sign detection, environmental mapping, particulate matter / pollution detection, and so on. Generally, Joint Communications and Sensing can include and / or be based on sensing and / or radar operation using radio nodes for communication networks, such as sharing radio circuits and / or antennas and / or resources.

[0053] A tighter integration of communication and sensing can be provided. Sensing can be added at low cost by reusing existing macro-infrastructure. Sensing can be used with both to improve network performance and add new capabilities such as traffic monitoring and surveillance. If the same hardware is used for radar and communications, the performance and capacity of both systems may be compromised. In this discussion, radar signaling can be considered as sensing signaling, and vice versa. For example, to monitor traffic intersections and detect approaching vehicles and their speeds, most available resources can be used for radar operation, reducing the resources available for communications. The approach described in this paper facilitates efficient operation of joint communication and sensing with a limited impact of sensing operation on communication capabilities.

[0054] Sensing can be accomplished using a single node, where the transmitter and receiver are located in the same location and / or associated with the same radio node (monostatic) or multiple nodes, in which case the transmitter(s) and receiver(s) can be located in different locations (multistatic). In some variations of the multistatic approach, one or more nodes can have both transmitters and receivers and / or be operable for both transmitting and receiving. A particular challenge in joint communication and sensing for monostatic scenarios is that if the same radio node is used for simultaneous transmitting and receiving, it must be able to perform full-duplex communication (the received signal will be time-shifted to the transmitted signal, but typically overlaps in time). This can be particularly challenging because the received signal level in cellular communication can be several orders of magnitude lower than the transmitted signal; reception of such signals can be facilitated by certain methods or designs considered to reduce interference. In monostatic radar setups, simultaneous transmitting and receiving (and therefore, full-duplex) is unavoidable if detecting targets close to the base station is possible (from this perspective, targets sufficiently far away may be less challenging because the echo (reflected signal) may arrive after the BS has stopped transmitting).

[0055] Multi-base scenarios may not require simultaneous transmission and reception from the same node. However, one challenge in using communication nodes in multi-base scenarios is that neighboring nodes must be in different duplex directions (uplink and downlink, or sidelink, or transmit and receive modes), which means that different time-division duplex (TDD) configurations can be used in two cells. This is also quite challenging because using different TDD configurations in neighboring cells can lead to significant inter-cell interference, especially inter-cell interference from downlink transmission in one cell to uplink reception in another, since downlink signaling typically has a significantly higher power level than uplink signaling.

[0056] In some applications, sensing can improve network performance and / or add new features, such as traffic monitoring and surveillance. If the same hardware is used for both radar and communications, the performance and capacity of both systems may be affected compared to using separate dedicated equipment for both. If, for example, a traffic intersection is being monitored to detect approaching vehicles and their speeds, a significant portion (e.g., half) of the available resources may need to be devoted to radar operations.

[0057] In 6G, the available carriers or system bandwidth at high frequencies are expected to be very wide, for example, covering 1 GHz or higher, especially 5 GHz or higher. There are several regions with approximately 6 GHz of continuous spectrum (bandwidth) available for high frequencies (above 90 GHz).

[0058] Sensing, also known as active sensing, can generally refer to the transmission and / or reception of signaling reflections, such as radar signaling and / or communication signaling. Sensing can include and / or determining one or more properties of a target object based on processing the received (reflected) signaling, such as the position and / or velocity (total velocity or its components, e.g., direction to the receiver) and / or shape and / or size and / or rate (total or its components) and / or surface structure and / or reflectivity of the reflecting object, for example, based on one or more signaling characteristics of the transmitted (radar) signaling and / or one or more signaling characteristics of the received (radar) signaling, and / or based on one or more changes and / or offsets and / or differences and / or increments (e.g., one value being subtracted from another) between one or more signaling characteristics of the transmitted and / or received signaling. In multi-base scenarios, one or more signaling characteristics can be notified to the receiving node, for example, based on configuration (e.g., higher-layer signaling such as RRC signaling, MAC layer signaling, F1 signaling, X2 signaling, or physical layer signaling).

[0059] Sensing signal processing is described below. In active sensing, signals or signaling (e.g., radar signaling) are transmitted to detect the environment, and the received reflections are used to estimate, for example, the position and / or velocity and / or rate of objects within the range covered by the signaling. Depending on the required accuracy and range for the position and velocity of the objects, there are certain requirements for the duration, bandwidth, and periodicity of the signaling or signal to be used.

[0060] In a typical pulse radar, there are chip duration T and signal integration duration T. i nt (where the periodicity is T) r A sequence of waveforms, symbols, or signals (e.g., spreading codes) over a duration T f It is sent within (in each T) r There is a transmission or signaling occurrence. The selection of these parameters determines the range used to sense the target (the sensing range if the waveform is the same), the range resolution, the rate or speed (speed or rate range), and the speed / rate resolution. L and M can respectively represent (the integers of chips or symbols in the time period corresponding to the periodicity and T) f The number of times the transmission occurs in the integer.

[0061] Depending on the use case, the sensing signal design can be tailored to meet the following basic requirement: range resolution (Ri) representing the minimum resolvable distance between two objects. r ); and / or (explicit) range (R u This represents the maximum distance at which an object can be positioned for detection (e.g., guaranteed and / or within the expected error range); and / or the range of velocity or rate (v). u(v), which represents the maximum range of speeds or velocities of a moving object that can be measured; and / or speed or velocity resolution (v). r (), which represents the smallest change in the speed or rate of a moving object that can be measured.

[0062] The parameters of the sensing signal (also commonly referred to as sensing signaling or radar signaling) may include bandwidth (e.g., minimum bandwidth) and / or duration (e.g., minimum duration of the sensing signal) and / or minimum and / or maximum repetition period and / or minimum duration (the time interval in which sensing signaling can be transmitted) of the sensing frame, which can be designed to satisfy the aforementioned sensing requirements. Table 1 below shows the relationship between sensing requirements and sensing signal parameters, where c represents the speed of light, f c Indicates the carrier frequency.

[0063] Table 1

[0064] Required bandwidth <![CDATA[BW min = c / 2R r ]]> Minimum gap between sensing signals <![CDATA[T rmin = 2R u / c]]> Maximum gap between sensing signals <![CDATA[T rmax = c / 4f c v u ]]> Required sensing frame duration <![CDATA[T f = c / 2f c v r ]]>

[0065] At the receiver, the reflected signal (e.g., reflected from one or more objects and / or from the surrounding environment) is received and can be matched and / or filtered with the transmitted waveform to give a delay (e.g., representing the distance to the object) and / or a phase rotation between consecutive waveforms, such as representing a Doppler shift due to the movement of the object. Generally, the signal generation and receiver processing mentioned above are likely universal for all types of sensing methods and signals, and are not limited to pulse radar. In joint communication and sensing scenarios, the choice of waveform can depend on what kind of waveform is more suitable for both communication and sensing, although this is not required, and the waveforms used for the two systems can be different. The following description of receiver processing is independent of waveform type and equally applies to waveforms as well as any typical communication waveform such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM, etc. As an example, the waveform may include and / or be based on and / or represent and / or be one or more OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM symbols (or even sub-symbols) and / or block symbols, as it is a common waveform used in most existing wireless access links (for wireless and / or cellular communications). The sensing signal can be based on OFDM symbols, specifically a string of OFDM symbols as sensing signaling; such a string can be repeated multiple times, for example, according to periodicity, such as in one or more sensing frames. A string of symbols can represent a sequence of symbols, each symbol sequence can carry and / or represent a sequence of modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM-based waveforms), which can be mapped to the frequency domain; each symbol can carry the same or different sequences. In some cases, sequences can be mapped onto multiple symbols, e.g., frequency priority. Common receiver processing may include performing an FFT on each occurrence of the sequence (e.g., a string of symbols), such as transforming the delay domain to the subcarrier (frequency) domain, and performing an IFFT on each subcarrier across the sequence, such as transforming the time domain to the Doppler domain. Peaks exceeding a threshold (e.g., all peaks) can then be identified, and the delay and Doppler values ​​associated with each peak (which represents the target) can be considered to correspond to the target's delay and rate or velocity.

[0066] For example, the communication nodes involved in sensing may include UE, base station, or a combination thereof, including

[0067] • The base station sends signals for sensing, and the UE receives signals for sensing.

[0068] • The UE sends signals for sensing, and the base station receives signals for sensing.

[0069] • The base station sends signals for sensing, and the base station receives signals for sensing.

[0070] • The UE sends signals for sensing, and the UE receives signals for sensing.

[0071] For example, in the context of existing cellular communications (such as 5G or upcoming systems), the sensing signal can be considered as a DL reference signal, a UL reference signal, or a sidelink reference signal. Furthermore, the sensing signal can be any existing signal, such as the DL positioning reference signal (PRS), CSI-RS, DM-RS; and the UL detection reference signal (SRS), a new sensing / positioning-specific signal, or the communication signal itself. Combinations of these signals are also possible. When sensing involves a UE acting as a transmitter or receiver, or both, the UE must receive information about resources to perform sensing similar to scheduling in data communications.

[0072] For example, resources used for communication and / or sensing in DL and UL (or SL, if applicable) include frequency domain allocation, time domain allocation, time period, and duration of sensing transmissions (e.g., such as...). Figure 1 As indicated in the text, where BW represents the bandwidth. Figure 1 In the middle, T int It is the integration time, which is the duration of the OFDM symbol, T. r It is the period of the sensing signal, and T f This refers to the sensing frame time. Although sensing can be implemented by estimating the channel based on a known reference signal, it is possible to perform sensing based on data. In this case, either the data is known at the receiver (e.g., in a monobase scenario or a shared system), or the data must first be decoded so that the channel can be subsequently estimated. In this paper, the base station can be considered as an example of a network node, and the UE can be considered as an example of a radio device. DCI can be considered as an example of a control information message.

[0073] Accurate estimation of range and rate requires a large bandwidth and high repetition factor for the sensing reference signal. Simultaneously, meeting the link budget requirements for transmission also dictates the transmission duration. Meeting the requirements for data transmission can impact sensing capabilities due to scheduling constraints, among other factors. Furthermore, meeting the resource requirements for sensing can lead to resource shortages in the communication service and result in less reliable and delayed data transmission. Adapting the signal used for sensing (i.e., the sensing reference signal or data used for sensing measurements) to accommodate better data transmission while maintaining acceptable sensing performance involves: - weighing the duration of the sensing reference signal against bandwidth; - weighing the duration of the sensing reference signal against the duration of the sensing frame; - weighing the MIMO layer against bandwidth. Adaptation can be used in two ways: changing the sensing signal parameters to allow for better communication performance and changing the data communication parameters to allow for improved sensing.

[0074] The proposed approach is to adapt the resource allocation for sensing signals to meet the requirements of efficient data transmission, for example, in joint communication and sensing.

[0075] In one example, a trade-off between the duration of the sensing reference signal and bandwidth can be considered. The bandwidth and duration of the sensing signal can be adapted and / or adjusted to provide resources for communication, and optionally, simultaneously provide sufficient link budget (and / or satisfy other sensing metrics, such as resolution, rate resolution, maximum unambiguous rate, etc.) for sensing. In a combined communication and sensing mode, due to limitations imposed by the communication service, it may be necessary to reduce the number of sensing symbols at the expense of increasing the bandwidth of the sensing signal. In this case, the duration of the sensing signal can be reduced, and the bandwidth can be increased to ensure that sufficient bandwidth / power is available to achieve a certain level of sensing accuracy. Figure 2 An example is shown where, instead of a 2-symbol sensing signal with bandwidth BW, a sensing signal with twice the bandwidth and half the duration can be used. Specifically, Figure 2 a) Shows a 2-symbol sensed signal with bandwidth BW; and Figure 2 (b) shows that a single symbol with 2BW can be used for sensing; the desired method can be selected based on requirements. This can be implemented in the scheduler (and / or network node, e.g., when scheduling or allocating sensing signaling resources) or autonomously by the UE, where it uses, for example, a wide bandwidth with a low modulation order for sensing and a narrow bandwidth with a high modulation order for data transmission.

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, a trade-off between the duration of the sensing reference signal and the duration of the sensing frame can be considered. For example, the duration of the sensing frame can be increased and / or the duration of individual sensing signals can be decreased (e.g., corresponding to and / or proportional to the increase in the duration of the sensing frame). In this case, for example, by relaxing the delay requirement, some symbols become available for communication, while the Doppler estimation resolution is increased. Figure 3 An example is shown, where instead of having a sensing frame T f The 2-symbol sensing signal, when the original sensing frame is doubled, i.e., 2T f In some cases, a single symbol is used for sensing. This example even includes the extreme case where a single long transmission is split into multiple short transmissions. Figure 3 a) shows a 2-symbol sensing signal with sensing frame Tf (appearing 3 times in the sensing frame), while Figure 3 b) shows that the original sensing frame was doubled, i.e., 2T. f The single symbol appears 6 times. The desired method can be selected based on operational requirements and / or conditions.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, a trade-off between the frequency allocation of MIMO layers and the sensing signal can be considered. For example, the number of MIMO layers used for communication and the signal bandwidth can be switched and / or adapted. Increasing the signal bandwidth can allow for a reduction in the number of MIMO layers while maintaining the link budget. As bandwidth is increased, sensing performance (e.g., range resolution) can be improved.

[0078] Communication can be based on (DFTS-)OFDM; OFDM-based radar can be used to allow for the reuse of as much hardware as possible.

[0079] Figure 4 A radio node, specifically a wireless device or terminal 10 or UE (User Equipment), is schematically shown. Radio node 10 includes processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any module of radio node 10, such as a communication module or a determination module, may be implemented in and / or executed by the processing circuitry 20, particularly as a module within the controller. Radio node 10 also includes radio circuitry 22, which provides receiving and transmitting or transceiver functions (e.g., one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), which is connected to or can be connected to the processing circuitry. Antenna circuitry 24 of radio node 10 is connected to or can be connected to radio circuitry 22 to collect or transmit and / or amplify signals. Radio circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 that controls it are configured for cellular communication with a network (e.g., the RAN described herein), and / or for sidelink communication (which may be within or outside the coverage of the cellular network; and / or may be considered as non-cellular communication and / or associated with a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 can generally be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node (e.g., a terminal or UE); in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry, such as processing circuitry and / or modules, such as software modules. Radio node 10 can be considered to include and / or be connected to or be connectable to a power source. The DFE can be considered as part of the radio circuitry; the analog front end can be associated with the radio circuitry and / or antenna circuitry.

[0080] Figure 5A radio node 100 is schematically shown, which may be specifically implemented as a network node 100, such as an eNB or a gNB for NR or the like. The radio node 100 includes processing circuitry (also referred to as control circuitry) 120, which may include a controller connected to a memory. Any modules of the node 100, such as transmit and / or receive and / or configuration modules, may be implemented in and / or executed by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry 120 is connected to control a radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and / or transceiver functions (e.g., including one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers). Antenna circuitry 124 may be connected to or may be connected to the radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmission and / or amplification. The node 100 may be adapted to perform any of the methods disclosed herein for operating a radio node or network node; in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry, such as processing circuitry and / or modules. Antenna circuitry 124 may be connected to and / or include an antenna array. Node 100, correspondingly, its circuitry, may be adapted to perform any of the methods described herein for operating a network node or radio node; in particular, it may include corresponding circuitry, such as processing circuitry and / or modules. Radio node 100 may typically include communication circuitry, for example for communicating with another network node (e.g., a radio node) and / or a core network and / or the Internet or local area network, particularly with an information system that can provide information and / or data to be sent to user equipment.

[0081] A DFE can be considered part of a radio circuit; an analog front end can be associated with radio circuits and / or antenna circuits.

[0082] Generally, wireless devices and / or network nodes can operate in TDD operations, and / or communication signaling can be in TDD operations. It should be noted that the transmission of signaling from the transmission source can be synchronous and simultaneous; time offsets may occur due to different propagation times, for example, due to different beams and / or source locations.

[0083] A data block can refer to a transport block, a code block, or a code block bundle. A code block may include and / or represent multiple (information) bits that represent information (e.g., data or control information), bits for error detection encoding (e.g., CRC) may be associated with said information, and / or said information may also include bits for error detection encoding (e.g., CRC). Bits for error detection encoding may be determined based on (information) bits, and / or may be error detection bits used for (information) bits. A code block bundle may include one or more code blocks; wherein each code block may have an associated error correction bit and / or include an error correction bit. Error correction bits in a code block bundle may each be associated with an associated code block; error correction bits may be specific to only one code block, for example, determined based on the bits of only one code block. Different bits and / or groups of bits may be associated with different code blocks. Error correction bits associated with a code block may be associated with a single code block; this may refer to error correction bits that indicate the correctness / incorrectness of a single code block and / or are calculated and / or determined based solely on the (information) bits of a single code block. Information bits can represent, for example, data or control information associated with a data channel (data information / bits) and / or a control channel (control information / bits). A code block packet can be a data block without error correction coding associated with more than one code block. A transport block can include error detection coding associated with multiple code blocks, such as overriding the code blocks that make it up. A transport block can include one or more code blocks. It can be considered that a data block can be associated with, and / or undergo, and / or correspond to a single acknowledgment process (e.g., a specific HARQ process), and / or correspond to a single acknowledgment process (e.g., a specific HARQ process), which may correspond to and / or be represented by a HARQ identifier. A code block can correspond to a sub-pattern of an acknowledgment information bit pattern. In some cases, a data block can correspond to and / or involve and / or undergo multiple acknowledgment processes, for example, if there is an acknowledgment process for each code block of the data block.

[0084] A data block may include and / or represent information bits, which may be data bits (e.g., user data) and / or control information bits. Information bits may be associated with one or more data or control channels (e.g., transport channels and / or logical channels), and / or may be mapped to a specific and / or single physical channel, particularly a physical data channel, or in some cases, mapped to a physical control channel (in which case it may or may not be associated with a higher-level channel similar to a transport or logical channel). A data block may represent bits intended for transmission, such as encapsulating one or more higher-level data packets, such as one or more MAC layer data packets, such as one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or SDUs (Service Data Units); error correction bits, such as CRC, may be added during physical layer processing. The bits of a data block may be considered to undergo physical layer processing, such as encoding (e.g., forward error coding and / or adding error correction coding) and / or rate matching and / or scrambling and / or modulation. Modulation may correspond to mapping the processed bits of the data block to modulation symbols, for example, according to a modulation scheme and / or modulation space. Modulation symbols can be represented as bit sequences until they undergo analog conversion (or vice versa) for reception.

[0085] Wireless devices typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, particularly receivers and / or transceivers and / or transmitters, for performing measurements and / or controlling beam switching and / or beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling (e.g., communication signaling and / or sensing signaling). Wireless devices can be implemented specifically as terminals or user equipment. However, in some cases (e.g., relay and / or reverse link and / or IAB scenarios), it can be implemented as a network node or a network radio node. Network nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, particularly receivers and / or transceivers and / or transmitters, for transmitting reference signaling and / or beam switching indications and / or for beam switching and / or controlling beam switching and / or beamforming and / or receiving and / or transmitting signaling (e.g., communication signaling and / or sensing signaling). Secondary radio nodes can be implemented specifically as network nodes, such as network radio nodes and / or base stations, relay nodes, or IAB nodes. However, in some cases (such as sidelink scenarios), the second radio node can be implemented as a wireless device or terminal, such as a user equipment.

[0086] Generally, sensing signaling can be based on the same waveform as communication signaling. However, in some variations, it can be based on a different waveform. Sensing signaling can be based on OFDM, such as conventional OFDM or extended OFDM (e.g., DFT-s-OFDM) and / or pulsed OFDM, or based on a filter bank or a single carrier. Communication signaling can be based on OFDM, such as conventional OFDM or extended OFDM (e.g., DFT-s-OFDM) and / or pulsed OFDM, or based on a filter bank or a single carrier. Sensing signaling can be transmitted in a transmission timing structure corresponding to the transmission timing structure (e.g., frame structure) associated with the communication signaling, and / or based on the same or different set of parameters as the communication signaling. The timing structure (e.g., symbol duration or allocation unit duration) and / or type of the modulation symbols carried by the signaling can be based on the waveform used.

[0087] Generally, a block symbol can represent and / or correspond to an extension in the time domain, such as a time interval. The duration of a block symbol (the length of the time interval) can correspond to the duration of an OFDM symbol or a corresponding duration, and / or can be defined based on and / or by the subcarrier spacing used (e.g., based on a parameter set) or equivalents, and / or can correspond to the duration of a modulation symbol (e.g., for signaling in OFDM or similar frequency-domain multiplexing types). A block symbol can be considered to comprise multiple modulation symbols, e.g., based on subcarrier spacing and / or parameter sets or equivalents, particularly for signaling of time-domain multiplexing types (at the symbol level for a single transmitter), such as signaling based on a single carrier, such as SC-FDE or SC-FDMA (especially FDF-SC-FDMA or pulsed SC-FDMA). The number of symbols can be defined based on and / or by the number of subcarriers to be extended by DFTS (for SC-FDMA) and / or based on the number of FFT samples, e.g., for extension and / or mapping, and / or equivalents, and / or can be predefined and / or configured or configurable. In this context, a block symbol may include and / or contain multiple individual modulation symbols, which may be, for example, 1000 or more, or 3000 or more, or 3300 or more. The number of modulation symbols in a block symbol may be based on and / or depend on the bandwidth of the transmission scheduling for signaling in the block symbol. The block symbol and / or the number of block symbols (an integer less than 20, such as equal to or less than 14, 7, 4, 2, or a flexible number) may be a unit for scheduling and / or allocating resources (e.g., an allocation unit), particularly in the time domain. For block symbols (e.g., scheduled or allocated) and / or block symbol groups and / or allocation units, frequency ranges and / or frequency domain allocations and / or bandwidths for transmission allocation may be associated.

[0088] Allocation units and / or block symbols may be associated with a specific (e.g., physical) channel and / or a specific type of signaling (e.g., reference signaling). In some cases, block symbols may exist associated with a channel that is also associated with a form of reference signaling and / or pilot signaling and / or tracking signaling, for example, for timing and / or decoding purposes (such signaling may include a low number of modulation symbols and / or resource elements of the block symbol, e.g., less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1% of the modulation symbols and / or resource elements in the block symbol). For a block symbol, resource elements may be associated; resource elements may be represented in the time / frequency domain, for example by the smallest frequency unit carried or mapped to (e.g., a subcarrier) in the frequency domain and the duration of the modulation symbol in the time domain. Block symbols may include and / or may be associated with: structures that allow and / or include multiple modulation symbols and / or are associated with one or more channels (and / or such structures may depend on the channels to which the block symbol is associated and / or allocated or used), and / or reference signaling (e.g., as discussed above), and / or one or more guard periods and / or transition periods, and / or one or more affixes (e.g., prefixes and / or suffixes and / or one or more infixes (introduced within the block symbol), particularly cyclic prefixes and / or suffixes and / or infixes. Cyclic affixes may represent repetitions of signaling and / or modulation symbols used in the block symbol, with possible slight modifications to the signaling structure of the affix to provide a smooth and / or continuous and / or distinguishable connection between the affix signaling and the signaling of the modulation symbols associated with the content of the block symbol (e.g., channel and / or reference signaling structures). In some cases, particularly some OFDM-based waveforms, affixes may be included in the modulation symbols. In other cases, such as some single-carrier-based waveforms, affixes may be represented by a sequence of modulation symbols within the block symbol. It can be assumed that, in some cases, block symbols are defined and / or used within the context of the associated structure.

[0089] Communication may include transmitting or receiving. Communication similar to transmitting signaling can be considered as being based on SC-FDM-based waveforms and / or corresponding to frequency-domain filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM waveforms. However, the method can be applied to waveforms based on a single carrier, such as SC-FDM or SC-FDE waveforms, which can be pulsed / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC-FDM can be considered as DFT-extended OFDM, making SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM interchangeable. Alternatively or additionally, signaling (e.g., first signaling and / or second signaling) and / or beams (particularly, first receive beam and / or second receive beam) can be based on waveforms with a CP or comparable guard time. The receive and transmit beams of the first beam pair can have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial spreads; the receive and transmit beams of the second beam pair can have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial spreads. It can be assumed that the receiving beam and / or transmitting beam of the first and / or second beam pair have an angular spread of 20 degrees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less, at least in one or both of the horizontal or vertical directions; different beams may have different angular spreads. The extended guard interval or switching guard interval may have a duration corresponding to substantially or at least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent durations, where N may be 2, 3, or 4. For waveforms without CP whose symbol time duration is the same as or similar to signaling with CP, the equivalent of the CP duration may represent the CP duration associated with signaling with CP (e.g., based on SC-FDM or OFDM).

[0090] Pulse shaping (and / or performing FDF) on modulation symbols and / or signaling associated with, for example, a first subcarrier or bandwidth can include mapping modulation symbols (and / or samples associated with them after the FFT) to associated second subcarriers or portions of the bandwidth, and / or applying shaping operations with respect to the power and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbols on the first and second subcarriers, wherein the shaping operations can be based on a shaping function. Pulse-shaped signaling can include pulse shaping of one or more symbols; pulse-shaped signaling typically includes at least one pulse-shaped symbol. Pulse shaping can be performed based on a Nyquist filter. It can be considered that pulse shaping is performed based on periodically extending the frequency distribution of the modulation symbols (and / or associated samples after the FFT) on a first number of subcarriers to a larger second number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers starting from one end of the frequency distribution is appended to the other end of the first number of subcarriers.

[0091] In some variations, communication can be based on a set of parameters (which may be represented, for example, by and / or correspond to and / or indicate the subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length) and / or on SC-FDM waveforms (including FDF-DFTS-FDM-based waveforms) or on a single carrier waveform. Whether pulse shaping or FDF is used on the SC-FDM or SC-based waveform can depend on the modulation scheme used (e.g., MCS). Such waveforms can utilize cyclic prefixes and / or particularly benefit from the methods described. Communication can include and / or be based on beamforming, such as transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming, respectively. It can be considered that beamforming is generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam (e.g., a beam corresponding to a reference beam). Therefore, signaling can be adapted, for example, based on the movement of a communication partner. For example, a beam can be generated by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows for efficient post-processing of digitally formed beams without changing the digital beamforming chain and / or the criteria defining the beamforming precoder. Generally, beams can be generated, for example, based on a precoder via hybrid beamforming and / or digital beamforming. This facilitates beam handling and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADCs / DCAs required for antenna arrangement. Beams can be considered generated via hybrid beamforming, such as analog beamforming performed on the beam representation or beams formed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell searches can be based on receive beamforming, such as analog, digital, or hybrid receive beamforming. Parameter sets can determine the length of the symbol time interval and / or the duration of the cyclic prefix. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for SC-FDM to ensure orthogonality, especially subcarrier orthogonality, in the corresponding system, but can be used for other waveforms. Communication may include using waveforms with cyclic prefixes. Cyclic prefixes can be based on parameter sets and can help maintain signaling orthogonality. The communication may include and / or be based on performing a cell search, for example, for a wireless device or terminal, or may include sending cell identification signaling and / or selection indication, based on which a radio node receiving the selection indication may select a signaling bandwidth from a set of signaling bandwidths for performing a cell search.

[0092] A beam or beam pair can typically target a single radio node, a group of radio nodes, and / or an area comprising one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beam pair can be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that each beam / beam pair serves only one radio node. Beam pair switching, or switching of receive beams (e.g., by using different receive beams) and / or transmit beams, can be performed at the boundaries of the transmission timing structure (e.g., time slot boundaries) or within a time slot (e.g., between symbols). Some tuning of the radio circuitry can be performed, for example, for receiving and / or transmitting. Beam pair switching can include switching from a second receive beam to a first receive beam and / or switching from a second transmit beam to a first transmit beam. Switching can include inserting guard periods to cover retuning times; however, the circuitry can be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly to be substantially instantaneous; this may be particularly true when digital receive beamforming is used to switch receive beams for receiving beam switching purposes.

[0093] A reference beam (or reference signaling beam) can be a beam that includes reference signaling, based on which beam signaling characteristics can be determined (e.g., measured and / or estimated). The signaling beam can include signaling similar to control signaling and / or data signaling and / or reference signaling. The reference beam can be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or more beam signaling characteristics can be reported to it from a receiver (e.g., a wireless device). However, in some cases, it can be received by a radio node from another radio node or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signaling characteristics can be determined by the radio node. The signaling beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. A set of signaling characteristics can include multiple subsets of beam signaling characteristics, each subset associated with a different reference beam. Therefore, the reference beam can be associated with different beam signaling characteristics.

[0094] Beam signaling characteristics, correspondingly, a set of such characteristics, can represent and / or indicate the signal strength and / or signal quality and / or delay characteristics of a beam, and / or be associated with signaling carried on the beam for reception and / or measurement. Beam signaling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may specifically relate to and / or indicate the number and / or list and / or order of beams with optimal (e.g., lowest average delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or, for example, the strongest and / or best quality beam with associated delay spread. Beam signaling characteristics can be based on measurements performed on reference signaling carried on a reference beam to which they pertain. Measurements can be performed by a radio node or another node or wireless device. The use of reference signaling allows for improved accuracy and / or gauging of measurements. In some cases, beams and / or beam pairs can be represented by beam identification indications (e.g., beam or beam pair number). Such indications may be represented by: one or more signaling sequences (e.g., one or more specific reference signaling sequences) that may be transmitted on a beam and / or beam pair, and / or signaling characteristics and / or resources used (e.g., time / frequency and / or code) and / or specific RNTIs (e.g., CRC scrambling for some messages or transmissions), and / or information provided in signaling (e.g., control signaling and / or system signaling) on ​​a beam and / or beam pair, such as information elements encoded and / or provided in the information field or in some form of message as signaling (e.g., DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signaling).

[0095] A reference beam can typically be one of a set of reference beams, with a second set of reference beams associated with that set of signaling beams. The associated set can refer to at least one beam in the first set being associated with and / or corresponding to the second set (or vice versa), for example, based on it, such as by having the same analog or digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analog beamforming, and / or a modified form thereof, such as by performing additional analog beamforming. This set of signaling beams can be referred to as the first set of beams, and a corresponding set of reference beams can be referred to as the second set of beams.

[0096] In some variations, a reference beam and / or multiple reference beams and / or reference signaling may correspond to and / or carry random access signaling, such as a random access preamble. Such a reference beam or signaling may be transmitted by another radio node. The signaling may indicate which beam was used for transmission. Alternatively, the reference beam may be the beam receiving the random access signaling. Random access signaling may be used for initial connection to the radio node and / or the cell provided by the radio node, and / or for reconnection. Random access signaling facilitates rapid and early beam selection. Random access signaling may be on the random access channel, for example based on broadcast information provided by the radio node (the radio node performing beam selection), such as with synchronization signaling (e.g., an SSB block and / or associated therewith). Reference signaling may correspond to synchronization signaling, for example, transmitted by the radio node in multiple beams. Features may be reported by the node receiving the synchronization signaling, such as msg3 for contention resolution during random access, which may be transmitted on the physical uplink shared channel based on resource allocation provided by the radio node.

[0097] Delay characteristics (which may correspond to delay spread information) and / or measurement reports may represent and / or indicate at least one of the following: average delay, and / or delay spread, and / or delay distribution, and / or delay spread distribution, and / or delay spread range, and / or relative delay spread, and / or energy (or power) distribution, and / or impulse response to received signaling, and / or power delay distribution of received signals, and / or parameters related to the power delay distribution of received signals. Average delay may represent the mean and / or average value of delay spread, which may be weighted or unweighted. Distribution may be, for example, the distribution of received power and / or energy of the signal over time / delay. Range may indicate the intervals of delay spread distribution over time / delay, which may cover a predetermined percentage of the delay spread of the corresponding received energy or power, such as 50% or more, 75% or more, 90% or more, or 100%. Relative delay spread can indicate a relationship to, for example, a threshold delay of average delay, and / or an offset relative to expected and / or configured timing, such as the timing of signaling already scheduled, and / or a relationship to the duration of the cyclic prefix (which can be considered in the form of a threshold). Energy or power distribution can be correlated with the energy or power received over the time interval of the delay spread. Power delay distribution can be correlated with the received signal or a representation of the received signal energy / power across time / delay. Parameters related to the power delay distribution can be correlated with metrics calculated based on the power delay distribution. Different values ​​and forms of delay spread information and / or reports can be used, allowing for a wide range of capabilities. The types of information represented by the measurement reports can be predefined or configurable, such as using measurement configurations and / or reference signaling configurations, particularly using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC signaling) and / or physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI signaling).

[0098] Typically, different beam pairs can differ on at least one beam; for example, a beam pair using a first receive beam and a first transmit beam can be considered different from a second beam pair using a first receive beam and a second transmit beam. Transmit beams that do not use precoding and / or beamforming, such as those using a natural antenna profile, can be considered a special form of transmit beam pair. Beams can be indicated to radio nodes by the transmitter using beam indication and / or configuration, which may indicate, for example, beam parameters and / or time / frequency resources associated with the beam and / or transmission mode and / or antenna profile and / or antenna port and / or precoder associated with the beam. Different beams can be provided with different content; for example, different received beams can carry different signaling. However, cases can be considered where different beams carry the same signaling, such as the same data signaling and / or reference signaling. Beams can be transmitted from the same node and / or transmission point and / or antenna arrangement, or from different node and / or transmission point and / or antenna arrangements.

[0099] Communication using beam pairs or beams can include receiving signaling on a received beam (which may be a beam in a beam pair), and / or transmitting signaling on a beam (e.g., a beam in a beam pair). The following terms should be interpreted from the perspective of the referred radio node: a received beam can be a beam carrying signaling received by the radio node (for receiving, the radio node can use a receiving beam, such as a beam pointing to the received beam, or a non-beamformed beam). A transmitting beam can be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signaling. A beam pair can consist of a receiving beam and a transmitting beam. The transmitting and receiving beams in a beam pair can be associated with and / or correspond to each other, for example, such that signaling on the receiving beam and signaling on the transmitting beam propagate substantially along the same path (but in opposite directions), for example, at least under stationary or nearly stationary conditions. It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily indicate a temporal order; a second signaling may be received and / or transmitted before or in some cases simultaneously with the first signaling, or vice versa. The receive and transmit beams in a beam pair can operate on the same carrier, frequency range, or bandwidth portion, for example, in TDD operation; however, variations using FDD can also be considered. Different beam pairs can operate on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion (e.g., such that the transmit beam operates on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion, and the receive beam operates on the same frequency range, carrier, or bandwidth portion (the transmit and receive beams can operate on the same or different ranges, carriers, or BWPs). Communication using the first beam pair and / or the first beam can be based on and / or include switching from the second beam pair or the second beam to the first beam pair or the first beam for communication. The switching can be controlled by the network, such as a network node (which can be the source or transmitter of the receive beam in the first beam pair and / or the second beam pair, or associated with it, such as an associated transmission point or node in dual connectivity). Such control can include transmission control signaling, such as physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling. In some cases, switching... Switching can be performed by a radio node without additional control signaling, for example, based on measurements of the signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (e.g., first and second receiving beams), particularly the first and / or second beam pairs. For example, if the signal quality or signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or the second beam) is deemed insufficient and / or worse than the corresponding measurement indication on the first beam pair, it can be switched to the first beam pair (or the first beam). Measurements performed on the beam pair (or beam) can specifically include measurements performed on the receiving beams within the beam pair. It can be considered that a timing indication can be determined before switching from the second beam pair to the first beam pair for communication. Therefore, when communication begins using the first beam pair or the first beam, synchronization can be ready and / or a timing indication can be available for synchronization.However, in some cases, timing indications can be determined after switching to the first beam pair or the first beam. This can be particularly useful if the first signaling is expected to be received only after the switch, for example, based on the periodicity or scheduling timing of suitable reference signaling on the first beam pair (e.g., the first receive beam). Typically, a node's receive beam can be associated with and / or correspond to the node's transmit beam, for example, such that the receiving (spatial) angle of the receive beam and the transmitting (spatial) angle of the transmit beam at least partially, or substantially or completely overlap and / or intersect, especially for TDD operation and / or frequency-independent operation. In some cases, spatial correspondence between beams can be considered, for example, such that a beam pair (e.g., the transmit beam of a transmitting node and the receive beam of a receiving node) can be considered to include corresponding beams (e.g., the receive beam is a suitable and / or optimal beam for receiving transmissions on the transmit beam, e.g., based on threshold signal quality and / or signal strength and / or measurements); for each beam in such a beam, there can be an associated or corresponding complementary beam of the corresponding node (e.g., for the transmit beam in a beam pair, there can be a receive beam of the transmitting node, and / or for the receive beam in a beam pair, there can be a transmit beam of the receiving node); if the beams (e.g., at least substantially or substantially) overlap (e.g., in spatial angles), then in some cases, a beam pair can be considered to indicate four beams (or actually, two beam pairs).

[0100] In some cases, one or more beams, signals, or signaling may be associated with a quasi-co-located (QCL) characteristic or set of characteristics or a QCL class (also known as a QCL type) or a QCL identifier; beams, signals, or signaling that share such characteristics can be considered quasi-co-located. Quasi-co-located beams, signals, or signaling may be considered (e.g., perceived by the receiver) as the same beam or originating from the same transmitter or transmission source, at least in terms of QCL characteristics or sets or classes or identifiers and / or sharing of such characteristics. QCL characteristics can relate to signaling propagation, and / or one or more delay characteristics, and / or path loss, and / or signal quality, and / or signal strength, and / or beam orientation, and / or beam shape (specifically, angle or region, such as the area covered), and / or Doppler shift, and / or Doppler spread, and / or delay spread, and / or time synchronization, and / or frequency synchronization, and / or one or more other parameters, such as those related to the propagation channel and / or spatial RX parameters (which may refer to the receive beam and / or transmit beam, such as shape, coverage, or orientation). QCL characteristics can be associated with a specific channel (e.g., a physical layer channel similar to a control channel or data channel) and / or a reference signaling type and / or antenna port. Different QCL classes or types can be associated with different QCL characteristics or sets of characteristics; a QCL class can define and / or relate to one or more criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges that a beam must meet to be considered quasi-co-located according to that class; a QCL identifier can refer to and / or represent all beams quasi-co-located according to a QCL class. Different classes can be associated with one or more of the same characteristics (e.g., different classes can have different criteria and / or thresholds and / or ranges for one or more characteristics) and / or different characteristics. A QCL indication can be considered a form of beam indication, such as relating to all beams belonging to a QCL class and / or QCL identifier and / or quasi-co-located beam. A QCL identifier can be indicated by a QCL indication. In some cases, beams and / or beam indications can be considered as indicating and / or representing QCL identifiers and / or quasi-co-located beams or signals or signaling.

[0101] Multilayer transmission (multilayer transmission) can refer to the simultaneous transmission of communication signaling and / or reference signaling in one or more beams and / or using multiple transmission sources, such as those controlled by a network node or a wireless device. The layer can refer to the transmission layer; a layer can be considered to represent a data or signaling stream. Different layers can carry different data and / or data streams, for example, to increase data throughput. In some cases, the same data or data stream can be transmitted on different layers, for example, to increase reliability. Multilayer transmission can provide diversity, such as transport diversity and / or spatial diversity. Multilayer transmission can be considered to include two or more layers; the number of transmission layers can be represented by rank or a rank indicator.

[0102] A transmission source may specifically include an antenna or a group of antenna elements or an antenna subarray or an antenna array or a transmission point or a TRP or TP (transmission point) or access point, and / or be represented by and / or associated with it. In some cases, a transmission source may be represented or can be represented and / or corresponds to and / or associated with an antenna port or transmission layer, for example, for multilayer transmission. Different transmission sources may specifically include different and / or individually controllable antenna elements or (sub)arrays and / or be associated with different antenna ports. In particular, analog beamforming may be used, with separate analog controls for different transmission sources. An antenna port may indicate, in particular, the transmission source and / or one or more transmission parameters of reference signaling associated with the antenna port. Specifically, transmission parameters relate to and / or indicate the frequency domain distribution or mapping of the modulation symbols for reference signaling (e.g., which comb to use and / or which subcarrier or frequency offset, or the like), and / or which cyclic shift to use (e.g., the modulation symbol sequence or the root sequence or shift elements of a sequence based on or derived from the root sequence), and / or which overlay code to use (e.g., the modulation symbol sequence or the root sequence or shift elements of a sequence based on or derived from the root sequence). In some cases, the transmission source may represent the target for reception. For example, if it is implemented as a TRP or AP (Access Point).

[0103] In some variations, reference signaling may be and / or include, for example, CSI-RS and / or PT-RS and / or DMRS transmitted by the network node. In other variations, reference signaling may be transmitted by the UE, for example, to the network node or other UEs, in which case it may include and / or probe reference signaling. Other forms of reference signaling (e.g., new forms) may be considered and / or used. Generally, the modulation symbols of the reference signaling, and correspondingly the resource elements carrying it, may be associated with a cyclic prefix.

[0104] Data signaling can be on a data channel (e.g., on PDSCH or PSSCH) or on a dedicated data channel (e.g., for low latency and / or high reliability, such as a URLLC channel). Control signaling can be on a control channel (e.g., on a common control channel, PDCCH, or PSCCH) and / or include one or more DCI or SCI messages. Reference signaling can be associated with control signaling and / or data signaling (e.g., DM-RS and / or PT-RS).

[0105] For example, reference signaling may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or synchronization signaling and / or probe signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, particularly CSI-RS. Reference signaling can typically be signaling with one or more signaling characteristics (particularly the transmission power and / or sequence and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution of modulation symbols known to the receiver). Therefore, the receiver can use reference signaling as a reference and / or for training and / or for compensation. The receiver may be notified of reference signaling by the transmitter, for example, configured and / or signaled with control signaling, particularly physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC signaling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, such as a network node configuring the UE to send reference signaling. Reference signaling may include one or more reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signaling can be adapted to measure and / or estimate and / or represent transmission conditions, such as channel conditions and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal or transmission) quality. It can be considered that the transmission characteristics of reference signaling (e.g., signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) are applicable to both the transmitter and receiver of the signaling (e.g., due to being predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or transmitted). Different types of reference signaling can be considered, such as those involving uplink, downlink, or sidelink; cell-specific (particularly cell-wide, e.g., CRS); or device or user-specific (addressing to a specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS); demodulation-dependent (e.g., DMRS); and / or signal strength-dependent, such as power-dependent or energy-dependent or amplitude-dependent (e.g., SRS or pilot signaling); and / or phase-dependent, etc.

[0106] References to specific resource structures (e.g., allocation units and / or block symbols and / or block symbol groups and / or transmission timing structures and / or symbols and / or time slots and / or mini-time slots and / or subcarriers and / or carriers) may refer to specific sets of parameters, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. Transmission timing structures may represent time intervals that can cover one or more symbols. Some examples of transmission timing structures are transmission time intervals (TTI), subframes, time slots, and mini-time slots. A time slot may include a predetermined (e.g., predefined and / or configured or configurable) number of symbols, such as 6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-time slot may include a smaller number of symbols than the number of symbols in a time slot (which may be particularly configurable or configurable), particularly 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more symbols, e.g., fewer symbols than in a time slot. Transmission timing structures may cover time intervals of a specific length, which may depend on the symbol time length and / or cyclic prefix used. Transmission timing structures may relate to and / or cover specific time intervals in a time stream, for example, those synchronized for communication. Timing structures used and / or scheduled for transmission (e.g., time slots and / or mini-slots) can be scheduled in relation to and / or synchronously with timing structures provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures can define timing grids, which, for example, have symbol time intervals representing the smallest timing unit within each individual structure. Such timing grids can be defined, for example, by time slots or subframes (wherein, in some cases, a subframe can be considered a specific variant of a time slot). Transmission timing structures can have durations (time lengths) possibly determined based on the duration of their symbols, in addition to the cyclic prefix used. Symbols in a transmission timing structure can have the same duration, or in some variants, different durations. The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure can be predefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or depend on the set of parameters. The timing of mini-slots is typically configurable or configurable, particularly by the network and / or network nodes. Timing can be configurable to begin and / or end at any symbol in the transmission timing structure (particularly one or more time slots).

[0107] Transmission quality parameters can typically correspond to the number of retransmissions R and / or the total number of transmissions T, and / or encoding (e.g., the number of encoded bits, such as error detection encoding and / or error correction encoding such as FEC encoding) and / or bit rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission power level (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or basic power level P0 and / or transmission power control command TPC step size) and / or signal quality (e.g., SNR and / or SIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density).

[0108] A buffer status report (or buffer condition report, BSR) may include information indicating the presence and / or size of data to be transmitted (e.g., available in one or more buffers, provided by a higher layer). Size may be explicitly indicated, and / or indexed to a range of sizes, and / or may relate to one or more different channels and / or acknowledgment processes and / or higher layers and / or channel groups, such as one or more logical channels and / or transport channels and / or groups thereof. The structure of a BSR may be predefined and / or configurable or modifiable, for example, to override and / or modify a predefined structure, such as using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). Different forms of BSRs may exist, with different levels of resolution and / or information, such as more detailed long BSRs and less detailed short BSRs. Short BSRs may concatenate and / or combine information from long BSRs, for example, providing a sum for data available for one or more channels and / or channel groups and / or buffers, which may be represented separately in a long BSR; and / or may be indexed to a less detailed range scheme for available or buffered data. BSRs can be used in place of scheduling requests, for example, to schedule or allocate (uplink) resources by network nodes for transmitting radio nodes (such as wireless devices, UEs, or IAB nodes).

[0109] It is generally believed that there exists a program product comprising instructions adapted, particularly when executed on processing and / or control circuitry, to cause the processing and / or control circuitry to perform and / or control any of the methods described herein. Furthermore, it is believed that there exists a carrier medium means for carrying and / or storing a program product as described herein.

[0110] A carrier medium device may include one or more carrier media. Generally, the carrier medium is accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by processing or control circuitry. Stored data and / or program products and / or code can be considered as part of carrying data and / or program products and / or code. The carrier medium typically includes boot / transmission media and / or storage media. Boot / transmission media may be adapted to carry and / or carry and / or store signals, particularly electromagnetic and / or electrical and / or magnetic and / or optical signals. The carrier medium, particularly boot / transmission media, may be adapted to guide such signals to carry them. The carrier medium, particularly boot / transmission media, may include electromagnetic fields, such as radio waves or microwaves, and / or optically transmissive materials, such as fiberglass and / or cables. The storage medium may include at least one memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, a cache, an optical disk, a magnetic storage device, a flash memory, etc.

[0111] A system comprising one or more radio nodes (particularly network nodes and user equipment) as described herein is described. This system may be a wireless communication system, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network.

[0112] Furthermore, it is generally accepted that there exists a method for operating an information system that includes providing information. Alternatively or additionally, information systems suitable for providing information may be considered. Providing information may include providing information to and / or to a target system, which may include and / or be implemented as a radio access network and / or a radio node, particularly a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information may include transmitting and / or streaming and / or sending and / or delivering information, and / or providing information for this and / or for downloading, and / or triggering such provision, for example by triggering different systems or nodes to stream and / or transmit and / or send and / or deliver information. The information system may include and / or be connected to or be able to connect to the target, for example via one or more intermediate systems (e.g., a core network and / or the Internet and / or a private or local network). Information may be provided using and / or via such intermediate systems. Providing information may be used for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or using the RAN or radio nodes described herein. Connecting the information system to the target and / or providing information may be based on target indications and / or adapted to target indications. A target indication can indicate a target and / or one or more parameters relating to a transmission to the target and / or a path or connection on which information is provided to the target. Such parameters may be particularly related to an air interface and / or radio access network and / or radio node and / or network node. Example parameters may indicate, for example, the type and / or nature of the target and / or transmission capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or delay and / or reliability and / or cost, and accordingly, one or more estimates thereof. The target indication can be provided by the target or determined by an information system, for example based on information received from the target and / or historical information, and / or provided by a user, such as a user operating the target or a device communicating with the target, for example via the RAN and / or air interface. For example, a user may indicate on a user device communicating with an information system that information will be provided via the RAN, for example by selecting from options provided by the information system, such as on a user application or user interface, which may be a web interface. An information system may include one or more information nodes. Information nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, the information system and / or information nodes may be implemented as computers and / or computer arrangements, such as host or host-based arrangements and / or servers or server-based arrangements. In some variations, the interactive server of the information system (e.g., a web server) can provide a user interface and, based on user input, can trigger the sending and / or streaming of information supplies from another server to the user (and / or target), which may be connected to or be able to connect to the interactive server and / or be part of the information system, or be connected to or be able to connect to it.Information can be any kind of data, particularly data intended for use by a user at a terminal, such as video data and / or audio data and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or environmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicle data and / or operational data. Information provided by an information system can be mapped to and / or is mapped to and / or is intended to be mapped to the communications or data signaling and / or one or more data channels described herein (which can be signaling or channels of the air interface and / or used within the RAN and / or for radio transmission). It can be considered that information is formatted based on target indications and / or targets, such as regarding data volume and / or data rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which can particularly relate to mappings to communications or data signaling and / or data channels. Mapping information to data signaling and / or data channels can be considered as referring to the use of signaling / channels to carry data, for example, at a higher layer of communication, where the signaling / channel is below transmission. Target indications can typically include different components that may have different sources and / or different characteristics that may indicate the target and / or the communication path to the target. The format of the information can be specifically chosen, for example, from a set of different formats for information to be transmitted over the air interface and / or by the RAN described herein. This may be particularly relevant because the air interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / or predictability, and / or potentially cost-sensitive. A format can be selected to adapt to a transmission indication that may specifically indicate the path of information between the target and the information system (which may be the indicated and / or planned and / or anticipated path) for the RAN or radio node described herein. The (communication) path of the information may represent the interface (e.g., air and / or cable interface) and / or intermediate system (if present) between the information system and / or the node providing or transmitting the information and the target to which the information is transmitted or will be transmitted. The path may be (at least partially) undetermined, and multiple dynamically selected paths may be included when the target indication is provided and / or the information is provided / transmitted by the information system, for example, if the Internet is involved. Information and / or the format used for information can be group-based and / or mapped and / or mappable and / or intended to be mapped to groups. Alternatively or additionally, a method for operating a target device may be considered, including providing a target indication to an information system. More alternatively or additionally, a target device adapted to provide a target indication to an information system may be considered. In another approach, a target indication tool adapted to and / or including indication modules for providing target indication to an information system may be considered. The target device can typically be a target as described above. The target indication tool may include and / or be implemented as software and / or an application or application and / or a web interface or user interface and / or may include one or more modules for implementing actions performed and / or controlled by the tool.The tool and / or target device may be adapted and / or the method may include receiving user input, based on which a target indication may be determined and / or provided. Alternatively or additionally, the tool and / or target device may be adapted and / or the method may include receiving information and / or communication signaling carrying information, and / or manipulating and / or presenting the information (e.g., on a screen and / or as audio or as other forms of indication). The information may be based on the received information and / or the communication signaling carrying the information. Presenting the information may include processing the received information, such as decoding and / or transforming, particularly between different formats, and / or using the hardware used for presentation. Manipulating the information may be independent of presentation or not, and / or may continue or follow presentation, and / or may be performed without user interaction or even user reception, such as for automated processes, or where the target device has no (e.g., conventional) user interaction, such as an MTC device for automotive or transportation or industrial applications. The information or communication signaling may be anticipated and / or received based on the target indication. Presenting and / or manipulating information typically includes one or more processing steps, particularly decoding and / or executing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. Manipulating information can typically include, for example, relaying and / or transmitting information over an air interface, which can include mapping information onto signaling (such mapping can typically involve one or more layers, such as one or more layers of the air interface, such as the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and / or the MAC layer and / or the physical layer). Information can be imprinted (or mapped) onto communication signaling based on target indications, which can make it particularly suitable for use in the RAN (e.g., for target devices similar to network nodes or, in particular, UEs or terminals). Tools are generally adaptable for use on target devices (e.g., UEs or terminals). Typically, tools can provide multiple functions, such as providing and / or selecting target indications, and / or presenting, for example, video and / or audio, and / or manipulating and / or storing received information. For example, if the target device is a UE or a tool for a UE, providing target indications can include transmitting or conveying in the RAN as signaling and / or carrying indications on the signaling. It should be noted that such information can be transmitted to the information system via one or more additional communication interfaces and / or paths and / or connections. Target indication can be higher-level indication and / or the information provided by the information system can be higher-level information, such as application layer or user layer, particularly above the radio layer, similar to the transport and physical layers. Target indication can be mapped to physical layer radio signaling, such as being related to or on the user plane, and / or the information can be mapped to physical layer radio communication signaling, such as being related to or on the user plane (particularly in the reverse communication direction). The described method allows for the provision of target indication, thereby facilitating the provision of information in a specific format particularly suitable and / or adapted for efficient use of the air interface.User input may, for example, represent a selection from multiple possible transmission modes or formats and / or paths, such as in terms of the data rate and / or packing and / or size of the information provided by the information system.

[0113] Generally, parameter sets and / or subcarrier spacing can indicate the bandwidth of a carrier's subcarriers (in the frequency domain), and / or the number of subcarriers in the carrier, and / or the subcarrier numbering in the carrier, and / or the symbol time length. Different parameter sets may differ particularly in terms of subcarrier bandwidth. In some variations, all subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated with them. Parameter sets and / or subcarrier spacing can differ between carriers, especially in terms of subcarrier bandwidth. The symbol time length and / or duration of the timing structure associated with a carrier can depend on the carrier frequency and / or subcarrier spacing and / or parameter set. In particular, different parameter sets can have different symbol time lengths, even on the same carrier.

[0114] Signaling can typically include one or more (e.g., modulated) symbols and / or signals and / or messages. Signals can include or represent one or more bits. Indications can represent signaling and / or be implemented as signals or multiple signals. One or more signals can be included in and / or represented by a message. Signaling, particularly control signaling, can include multiple signals and / or messages that can be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated with different signaling procedures, such as indicating and / or involving one or more such procedures and / or corresponding information. Indications can include signaling and / or multiple signals and / or messages and / or can be included therein, which can be transmitted on different carriers and / or associated with different acknowledgment signaling procedures (e.g., indicating and / or involving one or more such procedures). Signaling associated with a channel can be transmitted such that it represents signaling and / or information for that channel, and / or that the signaling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver as belonging to that channel. Such signaling can typically conform to the transmission parameters and / or format used for that channel.

[0115] Antenna arrangements may include one or more antenna elements (radiating elements), which may be combined in an antenna array. An antenna array or subarray may include one or more antenna elements, which may be arranged, for example, in two dimensions (e.g., a panel) or three dimensions. Each antenna array or subarray or element can be considered individually controllable, and correspondingly, different antenna arrays are individually controllable from each other. A single antenna element / radiator can be considered a minimal example of a subarray. Examples of antenna arrays include one or more multi-antenna panels or one or more individually controllable antenna elements. Antenna arrangements may include multiple antenna arrays. Antenna arrangements can be considered associated with (specific and / or individual) radio nodes (e.g., configuring, notifying, or scheduling radio nodes) so that they are controlled or manageable, for example, by the radio nodes. Antenna arrangements associated with a UE or terminal may be smaller than antenna arrangements associated with network nodes (e.g., in the size and / or number of antenna elements or arrays). The antenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, for example, to change beamforming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays can be formed by combining one or more independent or individually controllable antenna elements or subarrays. Beamforming can be provided through analog beamforming, or in some variations, through digital beamforming or through hybrid beamforming combining analog and digital beamforming. Notification radio nodes can be configured with a beam transmission method, for example, by sending corresponding indicators or indications, such as beam identification indicators. However, it is possible to consider situations where notification radio nodes are not configured with such information and / or operate transparently without knowing the beamforming method used. Antenna arrangements can be considered individually controllable in terms of the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of the signals fed to them for transmission, and / or individually controllable antenna arrangements can include independent or separate transmit and / or receive units and / or ADCs (analog-to-digital converters, alternatively, ADC chains) or DCAs (digital-to-analog converters, alternatively, DCA chains) to convert digital control information into analog antenna feeds for the entire antenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA can be considered part of the antenna circuitry and / or connected to or connectable to the antenna circuitry), or vice versa. Scenarios where beamforming is directly controlled by an ADC or DCA can be considered analog beamforming scenarios; such control can be performed after encoding / decoding and / or after the modulated symbols have been mapped to resource elements. This might be at the level of antenna arrangement using the same ADC / DCA, such as a single antenna element or a group of antenna elements associated with the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming can correspond to scenarios where beamforming processing is provided before signaling is fed to the ADC / DCA, for example, by using one or more precoders and / or by pre-coded information, such as before and / or during the mapping of modulated symbols to resource elements.Such a precoder for beamforming can provide, for example, weights for amplitude and / or phase, and / or can be based on a codebook selected, for example, from a codebook. The precoder can involve one or more beams, for example, defining one or more beams. The codebook can be configured or configurable, and / or predefined. DFT beamforming can be considered a form of digital beamforming where a DFT process is used to form one or more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming can be considered.

[0116] A beam can be defined by the spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distribution of radiation, and / or the spatial angle (also called solid angle) or spatial (stereo) angular distribution of radiation sent to (for transmit beamforming) or received from it (for receive beamforming). Receive beamforming may include accepting only signals arriving from the receive beam (e.g., using analog beamforming to avoid reception from outside the receive beam), and / or cleaning up signals not in the receive beam, for example, in digital post-processing (e.g., digital beamforming). Beams can have solid angles equal to or less than 4*pi sr (4*pi corresponds to a beam covering all directions), particularly less than 2*pi or pi or pi / 2 or pi / 4 or pi / 8 or pi / 16. In particular, smaller beams can be used for high frequencies. Different beams can have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angle and / or reach). A beam may have a main direction, which may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., the center of the main lobe, which, for example, relates to signal strength and / or solid angle, can be averaged and / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have one or more side lobes. A lobe can generally be defined as a continuous or contiguous distribution of transmitted and / or received energy and / or power, for example, bounded by one or more continuous or contiguous regions of zero energy (or virtually zero energy). The main lobe may include the lobe with the maximum signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, side lobes often arise due to beamforming constraints, some of which may carry signals of significant intensity and may cause multipath effects. However, due to reflection, side lobes may generally have a different direction from the main lobe and / or other side lobes.

[0117] Side lobes may still contribute to the transmitted and / or received energy or power. The beam can be swept and / or switched over time, for example, by changing its (primary) direction, but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the primary direction remains unchanged, for example, from the transmitter's perspective for the transmitted beam or from the receiver's perspective for the received beam. Sweeping can correspond to continuous or near-continuous changes in the primary direction (e.g., such that after each change, the primary lobe before the change at least partially covers the primary lobe after the change, for example, at least 50%, 75%, or 90%). Switching can correspond to discontinuous switching of the direction, for example, such that after each change, the primary lobe before the change does not cover the primary lobe after the change, for example, at most 50%, 25%, or 10%.

[0118] Signal strength can be, for example, a representation of signal power and / or signal energy as seen from the transmitting or receiving node. A beam that has greater strength during transmission than another beam (e.g., depending on the beamforming used) may not necessarily have greater strength at the receiver, and vice versa, for example due to interference and / or obstacles and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflection and / or attenuation or other effects that affect the beam or the signaling it carries. Signal quality can generally be a representation of how well a signal can be received over noise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam does not necessarily have greater beam strength than that other beam. Signal quality can be represented, for example, by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, energy per resource element over noise / interference, or another corresponding quality metric. Signal quality and / or signal strength can be related to the beam and / or the specific signaling carried by the beam (e.g., reference signaling and / or a specific channel, such as a data channel or control channel), and / or can be measured relative to the beam and / or the specific signaling carried by the beam. Signal strength can be represented by the received signal strength and / or relative signal strength, such as compared to a reference signal (strength).

[0119] Uplink or sidelink signaling can be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signaling. Downlink signaling can be, in particular, OFDMA signaling. However, signaling similar to communication signaling and / or sensing signaling is not limited to this (filter bank-based signaling and / or single carrier-based signaling, such as SC-FDE signaling, can be considered alternatives).

[0120] A radio node can generally be considered a device or node suitable for wireless and / or radio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication and / or suitable for communication using an air interface (e.g., according to communication standards).

[0121] A radio node can be a network node or a user equipment or terminal. A network node can be any radio node in a wireless communication network, such as a base station and / or a gNodeB (gNB) and / or an eNodeB (eNB) and / or a relay node and / or a micro / nano / pico / feno node and / or a transport point (TP) and / or an access point (AP) and / or other nodes, particularly for the RAN or other wireless communication networks described herein.

[0122] In the context of this disclosure, the terms User Equipment (UE) and Terminal may be considered interchangeable. A wireless device, User Equipment, or Terminal may refer to a terminal device used for communicating via a wireless communication network, and / or implemented as a User Equipment according to standards. Examples of User Equipment may include telephones (e.g., smartphones, personal communication devices, mobile phones, or terminals), computers (especially laptops), sensors or machines with radio capabilities (and / or adapted for an air interface), particularly for MTC (machine-type communication, sometimes also called M2M, machine-to-machine) or vehicles adapted for wireless communication. User Equipment or Terminal may be mobile or stationary. Wireless devices typically include and / or are implemented as processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, which may include one or more chips or chipsets. The circuitry and / or multiple circuits may be packaged in, for example, a chip housing, and / or may have one or more physical interfaces for interacting with other circuitry and / or for power supply. Such wireless devices may be intended for use as User Equipment or Terminals.

[0123] Radio nodes typically include processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. Radio nodes, particularly network nodes, may in some cases include cable circuitry and / or communication circuitry, using which they can be connected to or can be connected to another radio node and / or the core network.

[0124] The circuitry may include integrated circuits. Processing circuitry may include one or more processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) and / or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) and / or FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) or the like. It can be understood that the processing circuitry includes and / or is (operably) connected to or connectable to one or more memories or memory arrangements. Memory arrangements may include one or more memories. Memory may be adapted to store digital information. Examples of memories include volatile and non-volatile memories and / or random access memory (RAM) and / or read-only memory (ROM) and / or magnetic and / or optical memory and / or flash memory and / or hard disk memory and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM or Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM).

[0125] Radio circuitry may include one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers (transceivers may operate or be operable as transmitters and receivers, and / or may include combined or separate circuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g., within a package or enclosure), and / or may include one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters, and / or may include and / or be connected to or connectable to antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. Antenna arrays may include one or more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, such as a 2D or 3D array, and / or antenna panels. A remote radio head (RRH) can be considered an example of an antenna array. However, in some variations, an RRH may also be implemented as a network node, depending on the type of circuitry and / or functionality implemented therein.

[0126] Communication circuits may include radio circuits and / or cable circuits. Communication circuits typically include one or more interfaces, which may be air interfaces and / or cable interfaces and / or optical interfaces, such as laser-based interfaces. Interfaces may be, in particular, packet-based. Cable circuits and / or cable interfaces may include and / or be connected to or be connectable to one or more cables (e.g., fiber-optic based and / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermediate systems and / or interfaces) connected to or be connectable to a target, such as one controlled by communication circuits and / or processing circuits.

[0127] Any or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated with different components of a radio node (e.g., different circuits or different parts of circuits). It can be considered that modules are distributed across different components and / or circuits. The program product described herein may include modules associated with a device (e.g., a user equipment or network node) on which the program product is intended to be executed (which may be executed on and / or controlled by the associated circuitry).

[0128] Wireless communication networks can be or include radio access networks and / or backhaul networks (e.g., relay or backhaul networks or IAB networks), and / or particularly radio access networks (RANs) according to communication standards. Communication standards can be, in particular, those based on 3GPP and / or 5G (e.g., those based on NR or LTE, particularly LTE evolution).

[0129] A wireless communication network may be and / or include a radio access network (RAN), which may be and / or include any kind of cellular and / or wireless radio network that can be connected to or is connectable to a core network. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for 5G networks, such as LTE evolution and / or NR (New Radio), and correspondingly, their successors. A RAN may include one or more network nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A network node may be, in particular, a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within the RAN (e.g., user equipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicle communication device or device for machine-type communication (MTC), etc.). A terminal may be mobile or, in some cases, stationary. A RAN or wireless communication network may include at least one network node and a UE or at least two radio nodes. It is generally understood that a wireless communication network or system, such as a RAN or RAN system, includes at least one radio node and / or at least one network node and at least one terminal.

[0130] Downlink transmissions can be associated with transmissions from a network or network node to a terminal. Uplink transmissions can be associated with transmissions from a terminal to a network or network node. Sidelink transmissions can be associated with (direct) transmissions from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink, and sidelink (e.g., sidelink transmission and reception) can be considered as directions of communication. In some variations, uplink and downlink can also be used to describe wireless communication between network nodes, such as wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) network communication between, for example, base stations or similar network nodes, particularly communication terminated at such nodes. Backhaul and / or relay communication and / or network communication can be considered as implemented as sidelink or uplink communication or similar forms of communication.

[0131] Control information or control information messages, or corresponding signaling (control signaling), can be transmitted on a control channel (e.g., a physical control channel), which can be a downlink channel or (in some cases, a sidelink channel, such as when one UE schedules another UE). For example, control information / allocation information can be signaled by network nodes on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / or PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or HARQ-specific channels. Acknowledgment signaling, such as a form of control information or signaling (e.g., uplink control information / signaling), can be transmitted by the terminal on the PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or HARQ-specific channels. Multiple channels can be used for multi-component / multi-carrier indications or signaling.

[0132] Sending acknowledgment signaling can typically be based on and / or in response to control signaling that handles topic transmissions and / or schedules topic transmissions. Such control signaling and / or topic signaling can be sent by signaling radio nodes (which can be network nodes and / or nodes associated with them, e.g., in a dual-connectivity scenario). Topic transmissions and / or topic signaling can be transmissions or signaling involved in ACK / NACK or acknowledgment messages, such as indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of topic transmissions or signaling. Topic signaling or transmissions can specifically include and / or be represented by, for example, data signaling on PDSCH or PSSCH, or some form of control signaling on PDCCH or PSSCH, e.g., for a specific format.

[0133] Signaling characteristics can be based on the type or format of scheduling permission and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the type of allocation, and / or the timing of acknowledgment signaling and / or scheduling permission and / or scheduling assignment, and / or the resources associated with acknowledgment signaling and / or scheduling permission and / or scheduling assignment. For example, if a specific format for scheduling permission (scheduling or allocating the allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling the subject transmission for acknowledgment signaling) is used or detected, then a first or second communication resource can be used. The type of allocation can be associated with dynamic allocation (e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static allocation (e.g., for configuring permission). The timing of acknowledgment signaling can be associated with the time slot and / or symbol in which the signaling will be transmitted. The resources used for acknowledgment signaling can be associated with the allocated resources. The timing and / or resources associated with scheduling permission or assignment can represent the search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured to receive PDCCH transmissions) in which permission or assignment is received. Therefore, which transmission resource will be used can be based on implicit conditions requiring low signaling overhead.

[0134] Scheduling may include, for example, using control signaling (e.g., DCI or SCI signaling) and / or signaling on control channels (e.g., PDCCH or PSCCH) to indicate one or more scheduling opportunities that schematically represent a configuration for carrying data signaling or subject signaling. The configuration may be represented or representable by a table, and / or correspond to a table. Scheduling assignment may, for example, point to an opportunity for receive allocation configuration, such as by indexing a table of scheduling opportunities. In some cases, receive allocation configuration may include 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. This configuration may specifically represent a time allocation. Receive allocation configuration can be considered to be associated with data signaling, particularly on physical data channels (e.g., PDSCH or PSSCH). Generally, receive allocation configuration may be associated with downlink signaling, or in some cases with sidelink signaling. Control signaling (e.g., data signaling) that schedules subject transmissions may point to and / or index and / or involve and / or indicate scheduling opportunities for receive allocation configuration. Receive allocation configuration can be considered to be configured or configurable using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC layer signaling). Receive allocation configurations can be applied and / or are effective for multiple transmission timing intervals, for example, such that for each interval, one or more opportunities can be indicated or allocated for data signaling. These methods allow for efficient and flexible scheduling, which can be semi-static but can be updated or reconfigured on a useful time scale in response to changes in operating conditions.

[0135] In this context, control information, for example, in a control information message, can be specifically implemented as a scheduling assignment and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which can instruct the transmission of a subject for feedback (the transmission of acknowledgment signaling), and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. Reporting timing can instruct the timing of acknowledgment signaling used for scheduling, such as time slots and / or symbol and / or resource sets. Control information can be carried by control signaling.

[0136] A topic transport may include one or more individual transports. A scheduling assignment may include one or more scheduling assignments. Generally, it should be noted that in a distributed system, topic transports, configuration, and / or scheduling may be provided by different nodes or devices or transport points. Different topic transports may be on the same or different carriers (e.g., in carrier aggregation) and / or on the same or different bandwidth portions and / or on the same or different layers or beams (e.g., in MIMO scenarios) and / or to the same or different ports. Generally, topic transports may involve different HARQ or ARQ procedures (or different sub-procedures, e.g., in MIMO with different beams / layers associated with the same procedure identifier but different sub-procedure identifiers (e.g., swapped bits)). Scheduling assignments and / or HARQ codebooks may indicate a target HARQ structure. The target HARQ structure may, for example, indicate the HARQ response to the intent of the topic transport, such as the number of bits and / or whether a block group-level response is provided. However, it should be noted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, for example, because the total size of the target structure used for the sub-mode is larger than the predetermined size.

[0137] Sending acknowledgment signaling, also known as sending acknowledgment information or feedback information, or simply ARQ or HARQ feedback or report feedback, may include and / or be based on: for example, error coding and / or scheduling assignment of the topic transmission to determine correct or incorrect reception. Sending acknowledgment information may be based on and / or include a structure for the acknowledgment information to be sent, such as a structure of one or more sub-modes, based on which the topic transmission is scheduled for an associated subdivision. Sending acknowledgment information may include, for example, sending corresponding signaling at an instance and / or in a message and / or on a channel (particularly a physical channel, which may be a control channel). In some cases, the channel may be, for example, a shared channel or a data channel rate-matched using the acknowledgment information. Acknowledgment information may typically involve multiple topic transmissions, which may be on different channels and / or carriers, and / or may include data signaling and / or control signaling. Acknowledgment messages can be based on a codebook, which may be based on one or more size indicators and / or assignment indicators (representing a HARQ structure). These indicators can be received using multiple control signaling and / or control messages, for example, within the same or different transmission timing structures and / or in the same or different (target) resource sets. Sending acknowledgment messages may include determining the codebook based, for example, on control information and / or configuration within one or more control information messages. The codebook may involve sending acknowledgment messages at a single and / or specific time (e.g., a single PUCCH or PUSCH transmission) and / or in a single message, or using jointly encoded and / or modulated acknowledgment messages. Typically, acknowledgment messages may be sent along with other control information, such as scheduling requests and / or measurement information.

[0138] In some cases, acknowledgment signaling may include other information immediately preceding the acknowledgment message, such as control information, particularly uplink or sidelink control information, such as scheduling requests and / or measurement information or the like, and / or error detection and / or correction information, with corresponding associated bits. The payload size of the acknowledgment signaling may represent the number of bits in the acknowledgment message, and / or in some cases, the total number of bits carried by the acknowledgment signaling, and / or in some cases, the number of required resource elements. Acknowledgment signaling and / or information may be associated with ARQ and / or HARQ procedures; ARQ procedures may provide ACK / NACK (and possibly additional feedback) feedback and may perform decoding on each (re)transmission separately without soft-buffered / soft-merged intermediate data, while HARQ may include soft-buffered / soft-merged intermediate data for decoding of one or more (re)transmissions.

[0139] Subject transmissions can be data signaling or control signaling. Transmissions can occur on shared or dedicated channels. Data signaling can occur on data channels, such as on PDSCH or PSSCH, or on dedicated data channels, such as those used for low latency and / or high reliability, such as URLLC channels. Control signaling can occur on control channels, such as on common control channels or PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or include one or more DCI or SCI messages. In some cases, subject transmissions may include or represent reference signaling. For example, it may include DM-RS and / or pilot signaling and / or discovery signaling and / or probe signaling and / or phase tracking signaling and / or cell-specific reference signaling and / or user-specific signaling, specifically CSI-RS. Subject transmissions may involve a scheduling assignment and / or an acknowledgment signaling process (e.g., based on an identifier or sub-identifier) ​​and / or a segment. In some cases, subject transmissions may span segment boundaries in time, for example, due to being scheduled to begin in one segment and extend to another, or even span more than one segment. In this context, the topic transmission can be considered to be associated with the segment in which it ends.

[0140] It can be assumed that transmitting acknowledgment information, especially acknowledgment messages, is based on determining whether the transmitted topic has been correctly received, for example, based on error coding and / or reception quality. Reception quality can be based, for example, on the determined signal quality. Acknowledgment messages can typically be sent to signaling radio nodes and / or node deployments and / or networks and / or network nodes.

[0141] Acknowledgment information, or bits of a sub-pattern structure of such information (e.g., acknowledgment information structure), can represent and / or include one or more bits, particularly bit patterns. Multiple bits associated with a data structure or substructure or message (e.g., a control message) can be considered sub-patterns. The structure or arrangement of the acknowledgment information can indicate the order and / or meaning and / or mapping and / or pattern of the bits (or bit sub-patterns) of the information. The structure or mapping can specifically indicate one or more data block structures involved in the acknowledgment information, such as code blocks and / or groups of code blocks and / or transport blocks and / or messages (e.g., command messages), and / or which bits or bit sub-patterns are associated with which data block structure. In some cases, the mapping can involve one or more acknowledgment signaling processes, such as processes with different identifiers, and / or one or more different data streams. The configuration or structure or codebook can indicate which process and / or data stream the information involves. Typically, acknowledgment information can include one or more sub-patterns, each of which can be associated with a data block structure (e.g., a code block or group of code blocks or a transport block). Sub-patterns can be arranged to indicate acknowledgment or non-acknowledgment of the associated data block structure, or another retransmission state (e.g., non-scheduled or non-received). A sub-pattern can be considered to consist of one bit, or in some cases, more than one bit. It should be noted that the acknowledgment information may undergo significant processing before being sent along with the acknowledgment signaling. Different configurations can indicate different sizes and / or mappings and / or structures and / or patterns.

[0142] The acknowledgment signaling process (which provides acknowledgment information) can be a HARQ process and / or identified by a process identifier, such as a HARQ process identifier or sub-identifier. The acknowledgment signaling and / or the associated acknowledgment information can be referred to as feedback or acknowledgment feedback. It should be noted that the data blocks or structures that the sub-pattern may involve are intended to carry data (e.g., information and / or system and / or coded bits). However, depending on the transmission conditions, such data may be received or not received (or not received correctly), which can be indicated accordingly in the feedback. In some cases, the sub-pattern of the acknowledgment signaling may include padding bits, for example, if the acknowledgment information for the data block requires fewer bits than the size indication of the sub-pattern. Such a situation may occur, for example, where the size is indicated by a larger cell size than required by the feedback.

[0143] Acknowledgment messages typically indicate at least ACK or NACK, for example, those involving acknowledgment signaling procedures, or elements of data block structures such as data blocks, sub-block groups, or sub-blocks, or messages, particularly control messages. Typically, for an acknowledgment signaling procedure, there may be a specific sub-pattern and / or data block structure that can provide acknowledgment messages. Acknowledgment messages may include multiple messages represented in multiple ARQ and / or HARQ structures.

[0144] The acknowledgment signaling process can determine the correct or incorrect reception and / or corresponding acknowledgment information of a data block (e.g., a transport block) and / or its substructures based on coded bits associated with a data block and / or coded bits associated with one or more data blocks and / or sub-blocks and / or sub-block groups. The acknowledgment information (determined by the acknowledgment signaling process) can be associated with the data block and / or one or more sub-blocks and / or sub-block groups as a whole. A code block can be considered an example of a sub-block, and a code block group can be considered an example of a sub-block group. Therefore, the associated sub-pattern can include one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of a data block, and / or one or more bits indicating the reception status or feedback of one or more sub-blocks or sub-block groups. The bits of each sub-pattern or sub-pattern can be associated with and / or mapped to a specific data block or sub-block or sub-block group. In some variations, correct reception of a data block can be indicated if all sub-blocks or sub-block groups are correctly identified. In such cases, the sub-pattern can represent acknowledgment information for the data block as a whole, thereby reducing overhead compared to providing acknowledgment information for sub-blocks or sub-block groups. A sub-pattern provides acknowledgment information for itself and / or the smallest structure associated with it (e.g., a sub-block / sub-block group / data block) that can be considered its (highest) resolution. In some variations, a sub-pattern may provide several elements of the data block structure and / or acknowledgment information at different resolutions, for example, to allow for more specific error detection. For instance, even though the sub-pattern indicates acknowledgment signaling associated with the data block as a whole, in some variations, a higher resolution (e.g., sub-block or sub-block group resolution) may be provided by the sub-pattern. A sub-pattern may typically include one or more bits indicating ACK / NACK for the data block, and / or at least one bit indicating ACK / NACK for a sub-block or sub-block group or more than one sub-block or sub-block group.

[0145] Subblocks and / or subblock groups may include information bits (representing data to be transmitted, such as user data and / or downlink / sidelink data or uplink data). It can be assumed that data blocks and / or subblocks and / or subblock groups also include one or more error detection bits, which may be related to and / or determined based on the information bits (for subblock groups, error detection bits may be determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits and / or error correction bits of the subblocks within the subblock group). Data blocks or substructures (e.g., subblocks or subblock groups) may include error correction bits, which may be determined specifically based on the information bits and error detection bits of the block or substructure, for example, utilizing error correction coding schemes, particularly for forward error correction (FEC), such as LDPC or polar coding and / or turbo coding. Typically, error correction coding of a data block structure (and / or associated bits) may cover and / or involve the information bits and error detection bits of that structure. Subblock groups may represent a combination of one or more code blocks (and corresponding bits). Data blocks may represent code blocks or code block groups, or a combination of more than one code block group. Transport blocks can be split into blocks and / or groups of blocks, for example, based on the bit size of the information bits provided for error coding in higher-level data structures and / or size requirements or preferences for error coding (particularly error correction coding). Such higher-level data structures are sometimes also referred to as transport blocks, which in this context represent information bits without the error-coding bits described herein, although higher-level error handling information can be included, for example, for Internet protocols (e.g., TCP). However, such error handling information represents information bits in the context of this disclosure when the described acknowledgment signaling process treats it accordingly.

[0146] In some variations, a sub-block (e.g., a code block) may include error correction bits, which may be determined based on the sub-block's information bits and / or error detection bits. Error correction coding schemes may be used, for example, based on LDPC or polar coding or Reed-Mueller coding, to determine the error correction bits. In some cases, a sub-block or code block may be considered as a block or pattern comprising information bits, error detection bits determined based on the information bits, and error correction bits determined based on the information bits and / or error detection bits. It can be considered that in a sub-block (e.g., a code block), the information bits (and possibly, error correction bits) are protected and / or covered by the error correction scheme or corresponding error correction bits. A group of code blocks may include one or more code blocks. In some variations, no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied; however, the application of one or both may be considered. A transport block may include one or more groups of code blocks. It can be considered that no additional error detection bits and / or error correction bits are applied to the transport block; however, the application of one or both may be considered. In certain variants, the block group does not include an additional error detection or correction coding layer, and the transport block may only include additional error detection coding bits, but no additional error correction coding. This can be particularly true if the transport block size is larger than the block size used for error correction coding and / or the maximum size. Sub-patterns of acknowledgment signaling (particularly indicating ACK or NACK) can be associated with a block, for example, indicating whether a block has been correctly received. Sub-patterns can be considered to be associated with subgroups (e.g., block groups) or data blocks (e.g., transport blocks). In such cases, it can indicate ACK if all sub-blocks or block codes of a group or data / transport block are correctly received (e.g., based on logical AND operations), and it can indicate NACK or another incorrect reception state if at least one sub-block or block code is not correctly received. It should be noted that a block can be considered correctly received not only if it has actually been correctly received, but also if it can be correctly reconstructed based on soft merging and / or error correction coding.

[0147] A submode / HARQ structure can be associated with an acknowledgment signaling procedure and / or a carrier (e.g., a component carrier) and / or a data block structure or data block. Specifically, it can be considered that a (e.g., a specific and / or single) submode involves (e.g., mapped from a codebook to) a (e.g., a specific and / or single) acknowledgment signaling procedure (e.g., a specific and / or single HARQ procedure). It can be considered that, in bit modes, submodes are mapped one-to-one to acknowledgment signaling procedures and / or data blocks or data block structures. In some variations, multiple submodes (and / or associated acknowledgment signaling procedures) can be associated with the same component carrier, for example, if multiple data streams transmitted on that carrier undergo acknowledgment signaling procedures. A submode can include one or more bits, the number of which can be considered to represent its size or bit size. Different bit n-tuples (n is 1 or greater) of a submode can be associated with different elements of a data block structure (e.g., a data block or a sub-block or group of sub-blocks), and / or represent different resolutions. A variation could be considered where only one resolution is represented by a bit pattern (e.g., a data block). A bit n-tuple can represent acknowledgment information (also known as feedback), specifically ACK or NACK, and optionally (if n ≠ 1), can represent DTX / DRX or other receive states. ACK / NACK can be represented by one bit or more, for example, to improve ambiguity resolution of the bit sequence representing ACK or NACK and / or improve transmission reliability.

[0148] Acknowledgment or feedback information can relate to multiple different transmissions, which can be associated with and / or represented by a data block structure (correspondingly, the associated data block or data signaling). The data block structure and / or the corresponding block and / or signaling can be scheduled for simultaneous transmission, for example, for the same transmission timing structure, particularly within the same time slot or subframe and / or on the same symbol. However, alternatives with scheduling for non-simultaneous transmissions can be considered. For example, acknowledgment information can relate to data blocks scheduled for different transmission timing structures (e.g., different time slots (or mini-time slots, or time slots and mini-time slots) or the like), which can be received accordingly (or not received or received incorrectly). Scheduling signaling can typically include indications of resources, such as time and / or frequency resources, for example, signaling for receiving or transmitting the scheduled data.

[0149] Signaling can generally be considered as representing an electromagnetic wave structure (e.g., within a time and frequency interval) intended to convey information to at least one specific or general target (e.g., anything that might pick up the signaling). The signaling process can include transmitting signaling. Transmitting signaling, such as signaling that includes or represents acknowledgment and / or resource request information, particularly control or communication signaling, can include encoding and / or modulation. Encoding and / or modulation can include error detection coding and / or forward error correction coding and / or scrambling. Receiving control signaling can include corresponding decoding and / or demodulation. Error detection coding can include and / or be based on parity or checksum methods, such as CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding can include and / or be based on, for example, turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding and / or polarization coding and / or LDPC coding (Low-Density Parity Check). The type of coding used can be based on the channel (e.g., physical channel) to which the coded signal is associated. Considering that coding increases the number of coded bits used for error detection coding and forward error correction, the code rate can represent the ratio of the number of information bits before coding to the number of coded bits after coding. Encoded bits can refer to information bits (also known as system bits) plus encoded bits.

[0150] Communication signaling may include and / or be represented and / or implemented as data signaling and / or user plane signaling. Communication signaling may be associated with a data channel (e.g., a physical downlink channel, physical uplink channel, or physical sidelink channel, particularly PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel)). Typically, the data channel can be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signaling may be signaling associated with and / or on the data channel.

[0151] Indications can typically indicate, explicitly and / or implicitly, the information they represent and / or indicate. Implicit indications can be based, for example, on the location and / or resources used for transmission. Explicit indications can be based, for example, on parameterization with one or more parameters, and / or one or more indices and / or one or more bit patterns representing information. Of particular consideration is the control signaling described herein, which implicitly indicates the type of control signaling based on the sequence of resources utilized.

[0152] Resource elements typically describe the smallest individually available and / or coded and / or decoded and / or modulated and / or demodulated time-frequency resources, and / or time-frequency sources covering symbol time lengths in time and subcarriers in frequency. Signals can be allocated and / or assigned to resource elements. Subcarriers can be, for example, subbands of carriers defined by standards. Carriers can define frequencies and / or bands for transmission and / or reception. In some variations, (jointly coded / modulated) signals can cover more than one resource element. Resource elements are typically defined by the corresponding standard (e.g., NR or LTE). Because symbol time lengths and / or subcarrier spacing (and / or parameter sets) can differ between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different resource elements can have different extensions (length / width) in the time and / or frequency domains, especially resource elements associated with different carriers.

[0153] Resources can typically represent time-frequency and / or code resources, such as signaling in a specific format that can be transmitted (e.g., sent and / or received) and / or intended for sending and / or receiving on time-frequency and / or code resources.

[0154] Boundary symbols can typically represent start or end symbols used for transmission and / or reception. Start symbols can be, in particular, start symbols for uplink or sidelink signaling (e.g., control signaling or data signaling). Such signaling can occur on data channels or control channels (e.g., physical channels, particularly physical uplink shared channels (e.g., PUSCH) or sidelink data or shared channels or physical uplink control channels (e.g., PUCCH) or sidelink control channels). If a start symbol is associated with control signaling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signaling can respond to received signaling (in the sidelink or downlink), for example, representing an associated acknowledgment signaling, which can be HARQ or ARQ signaling. End symbols can represent the end symbol (in time) of downlink or sidelink transmission or signaling, which can be intended for or scheduled for use by radio nodes or user equipment. Such downlink signaling can be, in particular, data signaling, for example, on physical downlink channels similar to shared channels (e.g., PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)). The start symbol can be determined based on and / or in relation to such an end symbol.

[0155] Configuring a radio node, particularly a terminal or user equipment, can refer to the adaptation, cause, setting, and / or instruction of the radio node to operate according to a configuration. Configuration can be performed by another device, such as a network node (e.g., a radio node of a network, such as a base station or eNodeB) or the network itself, in which case it can include sending configuration data to the radio node to be configured. Such configuration data can represent the configuration to be configured and / or include one or more indications related to the configuration, such as configurations for transmission and / or reception on allocated resources (particularly frequency resources). A radio node can configure itself, for example, based on configuration data received from the network or a network node. A network node can utilize and / or is adapted to utilize its circuitry for configuration. Allocation information can be considered a form of configuration data. Configuration data can include and / or be represented by configuration information and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or messages.

[0156] Typically, configuration may include determining configuration data representing the configuration and providing (e.g., sending) it to one or more other nodes (in parallel and / or sequentially), which may further transmit it to a radio node (or another node, which may be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively or additionally, configuring a radio node, for example, via a network node or other device, may include, for example, receiving configuration data and / or data associated with the configuration data from another node (e.g., a network node), which may be a higher-level node in the network, and / or transmitting the received configuration data to the radio node. Thus, determining the configuration and transmitting the configuration data to the radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities capable of communicating via a suitable interface (e.g., an X2 interface in the case of LTE, or a corresponding interface for NR). Configuring a terminal may include scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, such as downlink data and / or downlink control signaling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication signaling (particularly acknowledgment signaling), and / or configuring resources and / or resource pools for it.

[0157] A resource structure can be considered adjacent to another resource structure in the frequency domain if they share a common boundary frequency, such as one frequency as the upper frequency boundary and the other as the lower frequency boundary. Such a boundary can be represented, for example, by the upper end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of the bandwidth assigned to subcarrier n+1. A resource structure can also be considered adjacent to another resource structure in the time domain if they share a common boundary time, such as one time as the upper (or right-hand side in the figure) boundary and the other as the lower (or left-hand side in the figure) boundary. Such a boundary can be represented, for example, by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n, which also represents the beginning of the symbol time interval assigned to symbol n+1.

[0158] Typically, a resource structure being adjacent to another resource structure in the time domain can also be referred to as being adjacent to and / or adjacent to that other resource structure in the time domain.

[0159] Resource structures can typically represent structures in the time and / or frequency domains, particularly time intervals and frequency intervals. A resource structure may include and / or consist of resource elements, and / or the time interval of a resource structure may include and / or consist of symbol time intervals, and / or the frequency interval of a resource structure may include and / or consist of subcarriers. Resource elements can be considered examples of resource structures, and time slots or mini-time slots or physical resource blocks (PRBs) or portions thereof can be considered other examples. Resource structures can be associated with specific channels, such as PUSCH or PUCCH, particularly resource structures smaller than time slots or PRBs.

[0160] Examples of resource structures in the frequency domain include bandwidth or frequency band or bandwidth portion. A bandwidth portion can be, for example, a portion of the bandwidth available for communication by a radio node due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulations and / or standards. The bandwidth portion can be configured or configurable to a radio node. In some variations, the bandwidth portion can be a portion of the bandwidth used for communication (e.g., transmission and / or reception) by the radio node. The bandwidth portion can be smaller than the bandwidth (which can be the device bandwidth defined by the device's circuitry / configuration, and / or system bandwidth, e.g., available for the RAN). It can be considered that a bandwidth portion includes one or more resource blocks or groups of resource blocks, particularly one or more PRBs or groups of PRBs. The bandwidth portion may involve and / or include one or more carriers.

[0161] A carrier can typically represent a frequency range or band and / or involve a center frequency and associated frequency spacing. A carrier can be considered to comprise multiple subcarriers. A carrier may have been assigned, for example, a center frequency or center frequency spacing represented by one or more subcarriers (for each subcarrier, a frequency bandwidth or spacing may typically be assigned). Different carriers may be non-overlapping and / or adjacent in the frequency domain.

[0162] It should be noted that the term "radio" in this disclosure can be generally considered to be associated with wireless communication and may also include wireless communication utilizing millimeter waves (particularly millimeter waves above one of the thresholds of 10 GHz, 20 GHz, 50 GHz, 52 GHz, 52.6 GHz, 60 GHz, 72 GHz, 100 GHz, or 114 GHz). Such communication may utilize one or more carriers, for example in FDD and / or carrier aggregation. The upper frequency boundary may correspond to 300 GHz, 200 GHz, or 120 GHz, or any threshold larger than the threshold representing the lower frequency boundary.

[0163] A radio node, particularly a network node or terminal, can typically be any device adapted to transmit and / or receive radio and / or wireless signals and / or data (particularly communication data) specifically on at least one carrier. This at least one carrier can include carriers accessed via the LBT process (which may be referred to as LBT carriers), such as unlicensed carriers. A carrier can be considered as part of a carrier aggregate.

[0164] Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier can refer to receiving or transmitting using a frequency (band) or spectrum associated with the cell or carrier. A cell typically includes and / or is defined by or used for one or more carriers, particularly at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission (referred to as a UL carrier) and at least one carrier for DL ​​communication / transmission (referred to as a DL carrier). It can be considered that a cell includes varying numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively or additionally, a cell may include at least one carrier for both UL and DL communication / transmission, for example, in TDD-based methods.

[0165] A channel can typically be a logical, transport, or physical channel. A channel may include and / or be arranged on one or more carriers (especially multiple subcarriers). A channel carrying and / or used to carry control signaling / control information can be considered a control channel, especially if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries control plane information. Similarly, a channel carrying and / or used to carry data signaling / user information can be considered a data channel, especially if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel can be defined for a specific communication direction or for two complementary communication directions (e.g., UL and DL, or sidelinks in both directions), in which case it can be considered to have two component channels, one in each direction. Examples of channels include channels for low-latency and / or high-reliability transmission, particularly channels for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), which can be used for control and / or data.

[0166] Generally, a symbol can represent and / or be associated with a symbol time length, which can depend on the carrier and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or parameter set of the associated carrier. Therefore, a symbol can be considered to indicate a time interval with a symbol time length associated with the frequency domain. The symbol time length can depend on the carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or parameter set and / or subcarrier spacing of the symbol, or be associated with the symbol. Therefore, different symbols can have different symbol time lengths. In particular, parameter sets with different subcarrier spacings can have different symbol time lengths. Typically, the symbol time length can be based on and / or include a guard interval or cyclic extension, such as a prefix or suffix.

[0167] A sidelink typically represents a communication channel (or channel structure) between two UEs and / or terminals, where data is transmitted between participants (UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, for example, directly and / or without relaying through a network node. A sidelink can be established solely via and / or directly through the participants' air interfaces, and participants can be directly linked via the sidelink communication channel. In some variations, sidelink communication can be performed without interaction with a network node, for example, on fixed-defined resources and / or resources negotiated between participants. Alternatively or additionally, it can be considered that the network node provides some control functionality, for example, by configuring resources (specifically one or more resource pools) for sidelink communication and / or monitoring the sidelink for, for example, charging purposes.

[0168] Sidelink communication can also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, and / or in some cases as ProSe (proximity service) communication, such as in the context of LTE. Sidelinks can be implemented in the context of V2x communication (vehicle-to-vehicle), such as V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), and / or V2P (vehicle-to-person). Any device suitable for sidelink communication can be considered a user equipment or terminal.

[0169] A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may include one or more (e.g., physical or logical) channels, such as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel, which may carry control information such as acknowledgment location indication) and / or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, which may carry data and / or acknowledgment signaling, for example). A sidelink communication channel (or structure) can be considered to involve, for example, cellular communication according to a specific license and / or standard, and / or the use of one or more carriers and / or frequency ranges associated with and / or used by cellular communication according to a specific license and / or standard. Participants may share (physical) channels and / or resources of the sidelink, particularly in the frequency domain and / or associated with frequency resources (e.g., carriers), such that two or more participants transmit on them, for example, simultaneously and / or with a time shift, and / or there may be specific channels and / or resources associated with a particular participant, such that, for example, only one participant transmits on a specific channel or on a specific resource or multiple specific resources (e.g., in the frequency domain and / or associated with one or more carriers or subcarriers).

[0170] Sidelinks can be implemented in accordance with and / or according to specific standards (e.g., LTE-based standards and / or NR). Sidelinks can utilize TDD (Time Division Duplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technologies, for example, configured by network nodes and / or pre-configured and / or negotiated between participants. User equipment (UE) can be considered suitable for sidelink communication if the UE and / or its radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry are adapted to utilize sidelinks, for example, on one or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats, particularly according to specific standards. Generally, a radio access network can be considered defined by two participants in sidelink communication. Alternatively or additionally, a radio access network can be represented and / or defined using network nodes and / or communications with such nodes, and / or associated with such communications.

[0171] Communication, or performing communication, typically includes sending and / or receiving signaling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signaling) may include using the sidelink for communication (and correspondingly for signaling). Sidelink transmission and / or sending on a sidelink can be considered to include transmissions utilizing the sidelink (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuits and / or air interfaces). Sidelink reception and / or receiving on a sidelink can be considered to include reception utilizing the sidelink (e.g., associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuits and / or air interfaces). Sidelink control information (e.g., SCI) can typically be considered to include control information transmitted using the sidelink.

[0172] Carrier aggregation (CA) typically refers to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link between wireless and / or cellular communication networks and / or network nodes and terminals, or on a side link comprising multiple carriers for at least one transmission direction (e.g., DL and / or UL), and also refers to an aggregation of carriers. The corresponding communication link can be called a carrier-aggregated communication link or a CA communication link; the carriers in the carrier aggregation can be called component carriers (CCs). In such links, data can be transmitted via more than one carrier and / or all carriers (the carrier aggregation). Carrier aggregation may include one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / or a master carrier (which may be called, for example, a master component carrier or PCC), through which control information can be transmitted, wherein the control information may refer to the master carrier and other carriers, which may be called secondary carriers (or secondary component carriers, SCCs). However, in some methods, control information can be transmitted on more than one carrier in the aggregation, such as one or more PCCs and one PCC and one or more SCCs.

[0173] Transmissions can typically involve specific channels and / or specific resources, particularly having start and end symbols in time that cover the interval between them. Scheduled transmissions can be those that are scheduled and / or anticipated and / or for which resources are provided or reserved. However, not every scheduled transmission must be implemented. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission may not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted, due to power limitations or other effects (e.g., channel occupancy on an unlicensed carrier). Transmissions can be scheduled for transmission timing substructures within a transmission timing structure (e.g., mini-slots and / or only covering a portion of the transmission timing structure). Boundary symbols can indicate the start or end of a transmission within the transmission timing structure.

[0174] In the context of this disclosure, "predefined" can refer to relevant information that is defined, for example, in a standard and / or available without requiring specific configuration from the network or network node, such as being stored in memory, and is independent of being configured. "Configurable" or "configurable" can be considered to refer to corresponding information, for example, set / configured by the network or network node.

[0175] Configuration or scheduling, such as mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration, can schedule transmissions, for example, to schedule transmissions for a time / transmission when that configuration is valid, and / or transmissions can be scheduled by individual signaling or individual configurations (e.g., individual RRC signaling and / or downlink control information signaling). The scheduled transmission can represent signaling to be sent by the device that scheduled the transmission, or signaling to be received by the device that scheduled the transmission, depending on which side of the communication the device is on. It should be noted that downlink control information, or specifically DCI signaling, can be considered physical layer signaling, as opposed to higher layer signaling such as MAC (Media Access Control) signaling or RRC layer signaling. The higher the layer of signaling, the lower the frequency / time / resource consumption can be assumed, at least in part because the information contained in such signaling must be passed through several layers, each of which needs to process and respond.

[0176] Scheduled transmissions and / or transmission timing structures (e.g., mini-slots or slots) may involve specific channels, particularly physical uplink shared channels, physical uplink control channels, or physical downlink shared channels, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, or PDSCH, and / or may involve specific cells and / or carrier aggregation. Corresponding configurations, such as scheduling configurations or symbol configurations, may relate to such channels, cells, and / or carrier aggregations. Scheduled transmissions can be considered as transmissions on physical channels, particularly shared physical channels, such as physical uplink shared channels or physical downlink shared channels. For such channels, semi-persistent configurations may be particularly suitable.

[0177] Typically, configuration can be a timing-indicating configuration, and / or a representation or configuration using corresponding configuration data. Configuration can be embedded and / or included in messages or configuration or corresponding data, and can in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically indicate and / or schedule resources.

[0178] The control region of the transmission timing structure can be an interval in the time and / or frequency domain that is intended, scheduled, or reserved for control signaling (particularly downlink control signaling) and / or for a specific control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel, such as a PDCCH). This interval may include and / or consist of multiple time-domain symbols that can be configured or configurable, for example by (UE-specific) dedicated signaling (which may be unicast, e.g., addressed to or intended for a specific UE), such as on the PDCCH or RRC signaling or on multicast or broadcast channels. Generally, the transmission timing structure may include a control region covering a configurable number of symbols. It can be considered that, typically, boundary symbols are configured to follow the control region in time. The control region may be associated with one or more specific UEs and / or PDCCHs and / or DCIs and / or identifiers (e.g., UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cell identifiers) in a format configured and / or determined, and / or represented and / or associated with the CORESET and / or search space.

[0179] The duration of symbols in a transmission timing structure (symbol duration or interval) can typically depend on a parameter set and / or a carrier, where the parameter set and / or carrier can be configurable. The parameter set can be a set of parameters used for scheduling transmissions.

[0180] A transmission timing structure may include multiple symbols and / or define intervals comprising several symbols (and correspondingly, the time intervals associated with them). In the context of this disclosure, it should be noted that, for ease of reference, references to symbols may be interpreted as referring to the time-domain projection or time interval or time component or duration or length of the symbol, unless it is clearly apparent from the context that frequency-domain components must also be considered. Examples of transmission timing structures include time slots, subframes, mini-time slots (which may also be considered substructures of time slots), time slot aggregations (which may include multiple time slots and may be considered superstructures of time slots), and their corresponding time-domain components. A transmission timing structure typically includes multiple symbols that define the time-domain extension of the transmission timing structure (e.g., intervals or lengths or durations) and are arranged adjacent to each other in a numbered sequence. A timing structure (which may also be considered or implemented as a synchronization structure) may be defined by a series of such transmission timing structures, which may, for example, define a timing grid with symbols representing a minimum grid structure. Transmissions of transmission timing structures and / or boundary symbols or schedules may be determined or scheduled in relation to such timing grids. The received transmission timing structure can be a transmission timing structure in which scheduling control signaling is received (e.g., in relation to a timing grid). The transmission timing structure can be, in particular, a time slot or subframe, or in some cases, a mini-time slot.

[0181] Feedback signaling can be considered a form of control signaling, such as uplink or sidelink control signaling, such as UCI (Uplink Control Message) signaling or SCI (Sidelink Control Message) signaling. Feedback signaling may specifically include and / or represent acknowledgment signaling and / or acknowledgment information and / or measurement reports.

[0182] Signaling utilizing resources or resource structures and / or associated with resources or resource structures can be signaling covering resources or structures, signaling on associated frequencies, and / or signaling within associated time intervals. A signaling resource structure can be considered to include and / or contain one or more substructures, which can be associated with one or more different channels and / or signaling types, and / or include one or more holes (resource elements not scheduled for transmission or reception). Resource substructures, such as feedback resource structures, can generally be continuous in time and / or frequency within associated intervals. A substructure, particularly a feedback resource structure, can be considered to represent a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However, in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, particularly a frequency resource range, can represent a discontinuous pattern of resources in one or more domains (e.g., time and / or frequency). Resource elements of a substructure can be scheduled for associated signaling.

[0183] Example types of signaling include signaling for a specific communication direction, particularly uplink signaling, downlink signaling, sidelink signaling and reference signaling (such as SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signaling, control signaling and / or signaling associated with a specific channel (such as PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.).

[0184] In the context of this disclosure, a distinction can be made between dynamically scheduled or aperiodic transmissions and / or configurations, and semi-static or semi-persistent or periodic transmissions and / or configurations. The term "dynamic" or similar terms can generally refer to configurations / transmissions that are valid and / or scheduled and / or configured for: multiple occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, such as one or more transmission timing structures (e.g., time slots or time slot aggregation), for (relatively) a shorter timescale and / or (e.g., predefined and / or configured and / or limited and / or explicit) of transmissions / occurrences, and / or for one or more (e.g., a specific number) of transmissions / occurrences. Dynamic configuration can be based on low-level signaling, such as control signaling at the physical and / or MAC layers, particularly control signaling in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static can refer to longer timescales, such as several time slots and / or more than one frame, and / or an undefined number of occurrences, such as until the dynamic configuration contradicts itself, or until a new periodic configuration arrives. Periodic or semi-static configurations can be based on and / or configured with higher-level signaling, particularly RCL layer signaling and / or RRC signaling and / or MAC signaling.

[0185] In this disclosure, specific details (such as specific network functions, processes, and signaling steps) are set forth for purposes of explanation and not limitation in order to provide a thorough understanding of the techniques presented herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts and aspects can be practiced in other variations and modifications that depart from these specific details.

[0186] For example, concepts and variations are described in part within the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), or new radio mobile or wireless communication technologies; however, this does not preclude the use of these concepts and aspects in relation to additional or alternative mobile communication technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11ay. While the variations described may relate to certain technical specifications (TS) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be understood that these approaches, concepts, and aspects may also be implemented in relation to different performance management (PM) specifications.

[0187] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the services, functions, and steps explained herein can be implemented using software that runs in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor, or using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a general-purpose computer. It will also be understood that, although the variations described herein are set forth in the context of methods and apparatus, the concepts and aspects presented herein can also be embodied in program products and systems including control circuitry (e.g., a computer processor and memory coupled to the processor), wherein the memory is encoded using one or more programs or program products that perform the services, functions, and steps disclosed herein.

[0188] It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variations presented herein will be fully appreciated from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes can be made to the form, construction, and arrangement of the exemplary aspects without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or without sacrificing all their advantageous effects. The aspects presented herein can be varied in many ways.

[0189] Some useful abbreviations include

[0190] Abbreviation Explanation

[0191] ABF simulates a beamformer, which unfolds (fanout) into an antenna + beamforming unit.

[0192] ACK / NACK Acknowledgment / Negative Acknowledgment

[0193] Ant antenna

[0194] ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)

[0195] BB baseband

[0196] Beam Index IF Beam Index Interface

[0197] BER (Bit Error Rate)

[0198] BI Beam Index

[0199] BLER block error rate

[0200] BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)

[0201] BWP bandwidth portion

[0202] CAZAC constant amplitude zero cross-correlation

[0203] CB code block

[0204] CBB code block package

[0205] CBG code block group

[0206] CDM (Code Division Multiple Access)

[0207] CM (cubic meter)

[0208] RXBB Communication Receiver Baseband

[0209] CORESET Control Resource Set

[0210] CP cyclic prefix

[0211] CP rem CP removal

[0212] CQI Channel Quality Information

[0213] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0214] CRS Common Reference Signal

[0215] CSI Channel State Information

[0216] CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0217] DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator

[0218] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0219] DFE (Digital Front End)

[0220] DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)

[0221] DFTS-FDM DFT-Extended-FDM

[0222] DM(-)RS Demodulation Reference Signal (Signaling)

[0223] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0224] FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)

[0225] FDE Frequency Domain Equalization

[0226] FDF frequency domain filtering

[0227] FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)

[0228] FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)

[0229] GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output)

[0230] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0231] IAB Integration Access and Backhaul

[0232] IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform)

[0233] Im (im) is the imaginary part, for example, used in pi / 2*BPSK modulation.

[0234] IR impulse response

[0235] ISI Inter-symbol Interference

[0236] JCAS (Joint Communications and Sensing)

[0237] MBB Mobile Broadband

[0238] MCS modulation and coding scheme

[0239] MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0240] MRC Maximum Ratio Merging

[0241] MRT Maximum Ratio Transmission

[0242] MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0243] OFDM / A (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access)

[0244] PAPR peak-to-average power ratio

[0245] PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

[0246] PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

[0247] PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

[0248] PRB (Physical Resource Block)

[0249] PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

[0250] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0251] (P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control Channel

[0252] PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal)

[0253] PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signaling

[0254] (P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared Channel

[0255] QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

[0256] OCC Orthogonal Cover Code

[0257] QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)

[0258] PSD power spectral density

[0259] RAN (Radio Access Network)

[0260] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0261] RB resource block

[0262] RE Resource Elements

[0263] Re real part (e.g., for pi / 2*BPSK modulation)

[0264] RF (Radio Frequency)

[0265] RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier)

[0266] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0267] RX receiver, receive, receive related / side

[0268] SA Scheduling Assignment

[0269] SC-FDE Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization

[0270] SC-FDM / A Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing / Multiple Access

[0271] SCI sidelink control information

[0272] SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio)

[0273] SIR signal-to-interference ratio

[0274] SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)

[0275] SPI Serial-to-Parallel Interface

[0276] SR scheduling request

[0277] SRS detection reference signal (signaling)

[0278] SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal)

[0279] Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)

[0280] TB transfer block

[0281] TDD (Time Division Duplex)

[0282] TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)

[0283] T-RS tracking reference signaling or timing reference signaling

[0284] TX transmitter, transmission, transmission-related / side

[0285] UCI uplink control information

[0286] UDC up / down converter, from BB-RF hybrid

[0287] UE User Equipment

[0288] URLLC Ultra-Low Latency High Reliability Communication

[0289] VL-MIMO (Very Large Multiple Input Multiple Output)

[0290] WD Wireless Devices

[0291] Wfg waveform generator

[0292] ZC Zadoff-Chu

[0293] ZF forced zero

[0294] ZP stands for Zero Power, e.g., the CSI-RS symbol for silent operation.

[0295] Abbreviations can be considered to follow 3GPP usage (if applicable).

Claims

1. A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, said wireless device being adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation, said method comprising: Adapting sensing operations based on and / or according to communication operations, and / or vice versa.

2. A wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation, the wireless device being further adapted to adapt sensing operation based on and / or according to communication operation, and / or vice versa.

3. A method for operating a network node in a wireless communication network, said network node being adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation, said method comprising: Adapting sensing operations based on and / or according to communication operations, and / or vice versa.

4. A network node for a wireless communication network, the network node being adapted for wireless communication and for sensing and / or radar operation, the network node being further adapted to adapt sensing operation based on and / or according to communication operation, and / or vice versa.

5. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes the transmission and / or reception of scheduling signaling, particularly the transmission and / or reception of scheduling sensing signaling and / or communication signaling.

6. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Information related to the adaptation is sent and / or received as signaling, particularly communication signaling.

7. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes and / or is based on: adapting the sensing frame and / or sensing period and / or sensing signaling duration and / or sensing signaling sequence and / or the number of sensing signaling symbols.

8. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes and / or is based on: scheduling sensing signaling and / or communication signaling.

9. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes, in particular, scheduling-based sending and / or receiving of sensing signaling and / or communication signaling.

10. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes: sending and / or receiving scheduled communication signaling that indicates sensing signaling.

11. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes: using different parameter sets and / or waveforms and / or sequences and / or sequence roots for sensing signaling and communication signaling.

12. The method or apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The adaptation includes: scheduling sensing signaling for multiple receivers.

13. A program product comprising instructions for causing processing circuitry to control and / or perform the method according to any one of claims 1, 3, or 5 to 12.

14. A carrier medium device for carrying and / or storing the program product according to claim 13.

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