Insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as an insulating fluid or gas absorbent in electrical equipment. The present disclosure also relates to an insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment and to an electrical equipment comprising said insulating fluid or gas absorbent. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method for producing an electrical equipment comprising said insulating fluid or gas absorbent and to a method for absorbing a gas component in an electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to an insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment, an electrical equipment comprising the same, a method for preparing the electrical equipment, and a method for absorbing gaseous components from the electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Insulating fluids are widely used in electrical equipment to provide insulation, cooling, and arc extinguishing effects. Currently, researchers are focusing on the dielectric and flow properties of insulating fluids to develop novel insulating fluids.

[0003] The gas evolution property of insulating oil refers to the chemical decomposition of certain susceptible hydrocarbon compounds under the influence of electrical and thermal stress. The primary decomposition process involves the generation of short-lived free radicals by breaking covalent bonds in oil molecules, as follows: RH (hydrocarbon compound) → R• + •H.

[0004] Large free radicals (R•) may form insoluble colloidal compounds (solid sludge): R• + •R → RR (insoluble sludge), while small free radicals (H•) may lead to gaseous inclusions, such as hydrogen (H2): H• + •H → H2↑ (soluble gas).

[0005] As is well known, partial discharge (PD) often occurs in such gas inclusions, therefore the gas evolution resistance of the insulating fluid affects the fluid's stability during discharge. Depending on the fluid's properties, the gas volume may decrease (gas-absorbing fluid) or increase (gas-releasing fluid) after being subjected to discharge.

[0006] In a strong gas-absorbing fluid (negative gas evolution tendency), the discharge will disappear rapidly, while in a gas-releasing fluid (positive gas evolution tendency), more discharge will be generated, eventually leading to insulation breakdown.

[0007] Therefore, in addition to insulation, cooling, and arc-extinguishing effects, the gas evolution characteristics (i.e., the tendency to absorb or release gas) of insulating fluids are considered an important factor in their development. Furthermore, gas evolution characteristics are also considered a sign of potential threats to the operational safety of liquid-filled electrical equipment.

[0008] WO2016167176A1 discloses an electrical insulating oil base oil for oil-filled electrical equipment, which contains specific fatty acid esters of fatty acids / aromatic alcohols. This electrical insulating oil exhibits good partial discharge characteristics and biodegradability.

[0009] WO2007126207A1 discloses a plant-based electrical insulating oil that has excellent antioxidant properties and is readily biodegradable in the ecosystem after use due to the characteristics of plant oils.

[0010] In this field, there is a desire to develop an insulating fluid with excellent negative gas evolution tendency, or a gas absorbent that can impart excellent negative gas evolution tendency to an insulating fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) as insulating fluids or gas absorbents in electrical equipment. Formula (I), Where M1 and M2 are each independently a hydrocarbon chain containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and halogen groups.

[0012] In some embodiments, M1 and M2 are each independently methylene. In some embodiments, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl, preferably all of them are phenyl. In some embodiments, x is 0 and y is 1.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the compound of formula (I) has the following formula: .

[0014] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to an insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment, comprising a component (A) selected from compounds of formula (I): Formula (I), Where M1 and M2 are each independently a hydrocarbon chain containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and halogen groups.

[0015] In some embodiments, M1 and M2 are each independently methylene. In some embodiments, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl, preferably all of them are phenyl. In some embodiments, x is 0 and y is 1.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the compound of formula (I) has the following formula: .

[0017] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to an electrical device comprising an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described herein.

[0018] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an electrical device, comprising: providing the electrical device, and filling the electrical device with an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described herein.

[0019] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for absorbing gaseous components in an electrical device, comprising applying an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described herein to the electrical device.

[0020] In some implementations, the electrical equipment may include or include a portion of the following: capacitors, transformers, voltage transformers, current transformers, reactors, cable systems, bushings, converters, or components thereof and / or combinations thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0021] General definitions and terms

[0022] Unless otherwise stated, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of citation.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0024] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions, etc., are based on weight. When quantities, concentrations, or other values ​​or parameters are given as ranges, preferred ranges, or preferred upper and lower limits, or specific values, they should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by pairs of values ​​from any upper or preferred range and any lower or preferred range, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. Unless otherwise stated, when referring to numerical ranges herein, the range means including its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0025] When used with a numerical variable, the terms "about" or "approximately" usually mean that the value of the variable and all values ​​of the variable are within the experimental error (e.g., within a 95% confidence interval for the mean) or within ±10% of the specified value, or a wider range.

[0026] As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the event or situation subsequently described may or may not occur, including both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or situation, and that the content may be selected in any manner.

[0027] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” or “involving,” and variations thereof, are inclusive or open-ended herein and do not exclude additional unlisted elements, steps, or ingredients. Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing terms, such as “comprising,” encompass the meaning of “consisting of.” The expression “consisting of” excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or ingredients. The expression “substantially constitutes” limits the scope to the specified elements, steps, or ingredients, plus optional elements, steps, or ingredients that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprising” encompasses both the expressions “substantially constitutes” and “consisting of.”

[0028] As used in this article, the term “selected from” refers to one or more elements selected independently from the groups listed below, or may cover a combination of two or more elements.

[0029] The term “one or more” or “at least one” as used in this document means one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more.

[0030] Unless otherwise stated, the terms "combination thereof" and "mixture thereof" refer to a multi-component mixture of the elements, such as two, three, four, and up to the maximum possible multi-component mixture.

[0031] Furthermore, if the number of components or parts in this disclosure is not previously specified, it indicates that there is no limit to the number of components or parts that may appear (or exist). Therefore, it should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular form of a component or part, such as "a," "an," or similar form, also includes the plural, unless the value clearly indicates a singular number.

[0032] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "insulating fluid" (also known as "insulating oil") refers to a liquid that has electrical insulating properties.

[0033] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "gas absorbent" refers to a substance capable of absorbing gases. Gases can be absorbed by any means, preferably through chemical reactions. The gases absorbed herein primarily refer to hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, etc.).

[0034] As used herein, the term “medium voltage” generally refers to voltages in the range of 10 kV to 35 kV, and the term “high voltage” refers to voltages above that range.

[0035] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "hydroxyl" refers to "-OH". The term "carboxyl" refers to "-COOH". The term "amino" refers to "-NH2". The term "nitro" refers to "-NO2". The term "halogen" refers to "-F", "-Cl", "-Br" or "-I".

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "hydrocarbon chain" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain consisting only of carbon and hydrogen, which links the rest of the molecule to a group, and is saturated or contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon chain may contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Examples of hydrocarbon chains containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to: methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-), n-butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-), n-pentylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-), vinylene (-CH=CH-), propenylene (-CH=CHCH2-), n-butenylene (-CH=CHCH2CH2-), etc.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "aryl" refers to a monocyclic aryl and / or polycyclic monovalent aryl group containing at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In some embodiments, the aryl group has 6 to 10 cyclic carbon atoms (C6-C10). 10 Aryl group. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl and naphthyl. The term "aryl" also refers to a bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon ring, wherein at least one ring is an aromatic ring, and the other rings may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, such as dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl. Unless otherwise stated, aryl groups may optionally be substituted.

[0038] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "alkyl group" includes alkyl, alkenyl, and ynyl groups. The term "alkyl" refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched alkyl group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The term "alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The term "ynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. In some embodiments, the alkyl group comprises 1 to 10 carbon atoms (C1 to C1). 1-10 Hydrocarbon group), such as C 1-10 Alkyl, C 1-10 alkenyl and C 1-10 Alkyne groups, such as: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C 10 -alkyl, -alkenyl, and -ynyl groups. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon group comprises 1 to 17 carbon atoms (C60, C ... 1-17 Hydrocarbon group), such as C 1-17 Alkyl, C1-17 alkenyl and C 1-17 Alkyne groups, such as: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 C 17 -alkyl, -alkenyl, and -ynyl. Examples include, but are not limited to, methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-CH2CH3), n-propyl (-CH2CH2CH3), 1-methylethyl (isopropyl, -CH(CH3)2), n-butyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH3), n-pentyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl, -C(CH3)3), 3-methylhexyl (-CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 2-methylhexyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3), vinyl (-CH=CH2), propenyl (-CH=CHCH3), propenyl (-CH2CH=CH2), butenyl (-CH=CHCH2CH3), butenyl (-CH2CH=CHCH3), butenyl (-CH2CH2CH=CH2), pentyl (-CH2CH2CH=CH2), pentyl (-CH=CH2), propyl-1-enyl (-CH=CHCH3), propenyl-2-enyl (-CH2CH=CH2), butenyl-1-enyl (-CH=CHCH2CH3), butenyl-2-enyl (-CH2CH=CHCH3), butenyl-3-enyl (-CH2CH2CH=CH2), pentyl (-CH= ... -1-Alkenyl (-CH=CHCH2CH2CH3), Pentyl-2-Alkenyl (-CH2CH=CHCH2CH3), Pentyl-3-Alkenyl (-CH2CH2CH=CHCH3), Pentyl-4-Alkenyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2), Pentyl-1,4-dienyl (-CH=CHCH2CH=CH2), Ethynyl (-C≡CH), Propylene-1-yne (-C≡CCH3), Propylene-2-yne ( -CHC≡CH), but-1-ynyl (-C≡CCH2CH3), but-2-ynyl (-CHC≡CCH3), but-3-ynyl (-CH2CH2C≡CH), pentyl-1-ynyl (-C≡CCH2CH2CH3), pentyl-2-ynyl (-CH2C≡CCH2CH3), pentyl-3-ynyl (-CH2CH2C≡CCH3), pentyl-4-ynyl (-CH2CH2CH2C≡CH), etc.

[0039] Uses as an insulating fluid or gas absorbent

[0040] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) as insulating fluids or gas absorbents in electrical equipment. Formula (I), Where M1 and M2 are each independently a hydrocarbon chain containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitro group and halogen group, preferably selected from C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups.

[0041] The “x” and “y” used in this paper indicate whether M1 and M2 exist in equation (I), respectively.

[0042] For example, x being 0 indicates that M1 does not exist in expression (I) and R 1 Directly covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group; and x = 1 indicates R 1 It is covalently attached to one end of M1 and the other end of M1 is covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group.

[0043] This principle also applies to y. For example, y being 0 indicates that M2 and R do not exist in expression (I). 2 The oxygen atom is covalently attached to the ester group; and y = 1 indicates R 2 It is covalently attached to one end of M2 and the other end of M2 is covalently attached to the oxygen atom in the ester group.

[0044] As connecting segments, M1 and M2 can affect the properties of the compound of formula (I), such as its updraft performance and flow properties. In some embodiments, M1 is a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and M2 is also a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms. M1 and M2 may be the same or different.

[0045] Examples of hydrocarbon chains containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to: methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, n-pentylene, vinylene, propyleneene, n-butenylene, etc.

[0046] Hydrocarbon chains with the number of carbon atoms within the above range are advantageous for compounds of formula (I) with good flow properties. Excessively long hydrocarbon chains may lead to reduced flow properties and may increase the risk of decomposition, causing susceptible hydrocarbon compounds to produce gases.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, M1 and M2 in formula (I) are each independently methylene, because the compound has better stability and lower cost. In some more preferred embodiments, M2 is methylene.

[0048] In some embodiments, x is 0 and y is 1. Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by esterification of benzoic acid and aromatic alcohols. Compounds of formula (I) exhibit good stability and low cost.

[0049] Because of R 1 and R 2 The aryl group in formula (I) possesses inherent antioxidant, hydrolysis-resistant, and pyrolysis-resistant properties, and the compounds exhibit good stability under both operating and non-operating conditions of electrical equipment. Meanwhile, R... 1 and R 2 The aryl group in R makes the compounds of formula (I) highly reactive against unwanted gases (such as hydrogen) generated during equipment operation. Therefore, due to R 1 and R 2 The aryl group in formula (I) exhibits excellent upgassing properties.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, R 1 and R 2 Each can be either phenyl or naphthyl. As aryl groups composed solely of aromatic rings, phenyl and naphthyl groups are not prone to decomposition during the operation of electrical equipment, even under harsh operating conditions (such as medium to high pressure, high temperature, etc.). Furthermore, phenyl and naphthyl groups maintain good reactivity to undesirable gases (such as hydrogen). Therefore, R... 1 and R 2 Compounds of formula (I) that are independently phenyl or naphthyl have better uptake performance.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl. In some of the most preferred embodiments, R 1 and R 2 All are phenyl. Compared to other C 6-10 Aryl, R 1 and R 2 The phenyl group in formula (I) can impart superior inhalation and flow properties to the compounds. In some specific embodiments, the compounds of formula (I) may include, but are not limited to, the following structures: , , , , , , , , , , .

[0052] In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is benzyl benzoate, wherein x is 0 and y is 1; M2 is methylene; and R 1 and R 2 All are unsubstituted phenyl groups. Benzyl benzoate is a synthetic ester with excellent getter properties, stability, and low cost. The structure of benzyl benzoate is shown below: (Benzyl benzoate).

[0053] The compounds of formula (I) have excellent dielectric properties (such as high breakdown voltage and high dielectric constant) and gas-gathering properties, and are therefore suitable for use as insulating fluids in electrical equipment, especially in electrical equipment where a negative gas evolution tendency is desired.

[0054] Furthermore, compounds of formula (I) exhibit significant getter properties, making them suitable for use as gas absorbents in electrical equipment. Even small amounts of compounds of formula (I), such as benzyl benzoate, can significantly improve the getter properties of insulating fluid systems, while other advantageous properties of the insulating fluid system remain essentially unchanged. Therefore, compounds of formula (I) can be used as gas absorbents in a wide range of insulating fluid systems, thereby improving the gas absorption performance of these systems without incurring adverse negative effects.

[0055] Specifically, the electrical equipment includes or includes a portion of the following: capacitors, transformers, voltage transformers, current transformers, reactors, cable systems, bushings, converters, or components thereof and / or combinations thereof. In particular, the electrical equipment is a liquid-filled capacitor or a cable system.

[0056] Insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment

[0057] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to an insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment, comprising a component (A) of a compound selected from formula (I), wherein each group is as defined above.

[0058] In one implementation, the compound of formula (I) contains: Formula (I), M1 and M2 are each independently a hydrocarbon chain containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitro group and halogen group, preferably selected from C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups.

[0059] In some embodiments, M1 and M2 are each independently methylene. In some embodiments, R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl. In some preferred embodiments, R 1 and R 2 All are phenyl. In some embodiments, x is 0 and y is 1. In some specific embodiments, the compound of formula (I) may include, but is not limited to, the following structures: , , , , , , , , , , .

[0060] In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) is benzyl benzoate, wherein x is 0 and y is 1; M2 is methylene; and R 1 and R 2 All are unsubstituted phenyl groups. Compounds of formula (I) have the following formula: .

[0061] The beneficial effects of choosing the parts of the compound in formula (I) are as described above.

[0062] The low viscosity of insulating fluids is particularly advantageous for use in electrical equipment, especially capacitors, because it effectively dissipates heat to avoid localized overheating and reduces the occurrence of partial discharge. The inherently low kinetic viscosity of compounds of formula (I) at room temperature or higher allows them to be used alone or in combination with other insulating fluids at these temperatures.

[0063] Compounds of formula (I) may have high pour points, potentially resulting in poor low-temperature flowability. Preferably, additional components with good flow properties (particularly good low-temperature flowability) are added to the insulating fluid or gas absorbent of this disclosure. By adding additional components with good flow properties, the application range of the insulating fluid can be expanded to cover cold environments. In some embodiments, the insulating fluid or gas absorbent of this disclosure may further comprise component (B) selected from: compounds of formula (II) as described below, compounds of formula (III) as described below, mineral oils, vegetable oils, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic esters, silicone oils, polyolefins, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof.

[0064] The structures of equations (II) and (III) are shown below: Equation (II), Formula (III).

[0065] In formula (II), M3 is a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, n-pentylene, vinylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, etc. In some preferred embodiments, M3 is methylene.

[0066] In equation (II), p is either 0 or 1. p being 0 indicates that M3 does not exist in equation (II) and R... 4 It is directly covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group; and p = 1 indicates that in formula (II), R 4 The M3 group is covalently attached to one end, and the other end of the M3 group is covalently attached to an oxygen atom in the ester group. In some preferred embodiments, p is 1.

[0067] In equation (II), R 4 C 6-10 aryl, which optionally contains one or more compounds selected from C 1-10 Hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitro group and halogen group, preferably selected from C 1-10 Substituents of the hydrocarbon group. In some preferred embodiments, R 4 It is a phenyl group.

[0068] In equation (II), R 3 C 1-4 Hydrocarbon group. In some preferred embodiments, R 3 C 1-4 Alkyl group. In some more preferred embodiments, R 3 It is propyl.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments, the compound of formula (II) is benzyl butyrate having the following formula: (Benzyl butyrate).

[0070] In formula (III), M4 is a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, n-pentylene, vinylene, propyleneene, n-butene, etc.

[0071] In equation (III), q is either 0 or 1. q being 0 indicates that M4 does not exist in equation (III) and R... 5 It is directly covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group; and q = 1 indicates that in formula (III), R 5 One end of M4 is covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group, and the other end of M4 is covalently attached to the carbon atom in the ester group.

[0072] In equation (III), R5 C 6-10 aryl groups, which are optionally composed of one or more compounds selected from C 1-10 Hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitro group and halogen group, preferably selected from C 1-10 Substituents of the hydrocarbon group. In some preferred embodiments, R 5 It is a phenyl group.

[0073] In equation (III), R 6 C 1-17 Hydrocarbon group. In some preferred embodiments, R 6 C 1-17 alkyl.

[0074] Compounds of formulas (II)-(III), especially benzyl butyrate, have excellent solubility and compatibility with compounds of formula (I).

[0075] In addition to maintaining good flow properties even at low temperatures, the compounds of formulas (II)-(III) also possess excellent dielectric and getter properties, making them suitable as additional components. Compared to other additional components with moderate or weak getter properties (such as vegetable oils or aliphatic synthetic esters), the combination of compounds of formula (I) and (II)-(III) readily achieves a satisfactory negative gas evolution tendency.

[0076] As used herein, the term "mineral oil" refers to an oil refined from heavy oil through distillation. Examples of mineral oils include, but are not limited to, lubricating oil fractions obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of paraffinic, intermediate, or naphthenic crude oils; for example, paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oils obtained by one or more of the following methods: solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing, and clay treatment. Highly refined mineral oils are preferred for better thermal stability.

[0077] As used herein, the term "vegetable oil" refers to oil obtained from any part of a plant, such as arborvitae oil and seed oil. Examples of vegetable oils include, but are not limited to: turpentine oil, Chinese arborvitae oil, Japanese arborvitae oil, pine oil, olive oil, cocoa butter, perilla oil, camellia oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, mustard oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, safflower oil, flaxseed oil, corn oil, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, hemp oil, evening primrose oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, etc. For excellent oxidative stability, palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil are preferred. For further enhancement of partial discharge properties, palm kernel oil and coconut oil are more preferred.

[0078] Examples of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons include alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons containing two or more aromatic rings, such as diarylalkanes and triarylalkanes.

[0079] Alkylbenzenes are aromatic hydrocarbons with one or more alkyl groups attached to a benzene ring, such as decylbenzene, undecylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, tridecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, heptadecanylbenzene, octadecylbenzene, nonadecanylbenzene, and eicosylbenzene.

[0080] Alkyl naphthalenes are aromatic hydrocarbons with one or more alkyl groups attached to a naphthalene ring, such as decyl naphthalene, undecyl naphthalene, dodecyl naphthalene, tridecyl naphthalene, tetradecyl naphthalene, heptadecanyl naphthalene, octadecyl naphthalene, nonadecanyl naphthalene, and eicosyl naphthalene.

[0081] Diarylalkanes are alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons containing two aromatic rings in their molecules. Examples of diarylalkanes include diphenylmethane, benzyltoluene, benzylxylene, phenyl-sec-butylphenylmethane, di-sec-butyldiphenylmethane, diphenylethane, phenethylphenylethane, phenylcumylethane, diisopropylphenylethane, phenyltolylethane, di-sec-butylphenylethane, di-tert-butylphenylethane, phenyldimethylethane, phenyl-sec-butylphenylethane, diphenylpropane, and diphenylbutane.

[0082] Triarylalkanes refer to alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons containing three aromatic rings in their molecules. Examples of triarylalkanes include dibenzylbenzene, dibenzyltoluene, dibenzylxylene, and their alkyl-substituted derivatives.

[0083] Synthetic esters are the esterification products of acids and alcohols. The molecular structure of a synthetic ester may contain one or more ester groups. Synthetic esters can be prepared from fatty acids and fatty alcohols, or from aromatic acids and fatty alcohols, or from fatty acids or aromatic alcohols.

[0084] Synthetic esters can be phthalates, which are esterification products of phthalic acid and alcohol. Examples of phthalates include dinonyl phthalate, diisopropyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, octadecyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, diisoamyl phthalate, etc.

[0085] It should be understood that synthetic insulating fluids as additional components refer to synthetic insulating fluids other than compounds of formulas (I)-(III). In particular, synthetic esters as additional components refer to synthetic esters other than compounds of formulas (I)-(III).

[0086] Silicone oil refers to linear polysiloxanes that remain liquid at room temperature. Examples of silicone oils include dimethyl silicone oil, diethyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, and phenylmethyl silicone oil.

[0087] In this article, polyolefins refer to olefin polymers that are typically liquid at room temperature. Examples of polyolefins may include polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyisobutylene, etc.

[0088] The term "epoxy resin" in this article refers to polymers containing two or more epoxy groups in their molecules that are typically liquid at room temperature. Examples of epoxy resins include aliphatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, etc.

[0089] For environmentally friendly purposes, additional components may be biodegradable or have readily biodegradable properties.

[0090] The additional component (B), exhibiting excellent low-temperature fluidity, compensates for the insufficient fluidity of the compound of formula (I) at low temperatures. In some embodiments, component (B) has a kinetic viscosity of 300 mmHg at -25°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 / s or less, or 250 mm 2 / s or less, or 200 mm 2 / s or less, or 150 mm 2 / s or less, or 100 mm 2 / s or less. In some embodiments, component (B) has a kinetic viscosity of 600 mm at -40°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 / s or less, or 550 mm 2 / s or less, or 500 mm 2 / s or less, or 450 mm 2 / s or less, or 400 mm 2 / s or less. In some embodiments, component (B) has a kinetic viscosity of 1500 mm at -50°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 / s or less, or 1450 mm 2 / s or less, or 1400 mm 2 / s or less, or 1350mm 2 / s or less, or 1300 mm 2 / s or less. Even when the content of the compound of formula (I) is very high (e.g., up to 70 wt%), the inclusion of such component (B) in the insulating fluid can ensure satisfactory low-temperature fluidity.

[0091] The appropriate content of the compound of formula (I) ensures that the insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein has the desired gas absorption, dielectric properties and flow properties.

[0092] In some embodiments, based on the total weight of components (A) and (B) of this disclosure, the content of component (A) is 0.1-70 wt%, preferably 0.1-50 wt%, more preferably 0.1-30 wt%, for example 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, etc., and any subrange of any two of these values.

[0093] Excessive content of component (A) may increase the viscosity of the insulating fluid, which is not conducive to its application in cold environments.

[0094] In some embodiments, based on the total weight of components (A) and (B) of this disclosure, the content of component (B) is 30-99.9 wt%, preferably 50-99.9 wt%, more preferably 70-99.9 wt%, such as 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, 99.0 wt%, etc., and any subrange of any two of these values.

[0095] In addition to components (A) and (B) mentioned above, the insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein may also contain commonly used additives. Examples of additives include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, decomposition inhibitors, etc. Based on the total weight of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent, the content of additives may be 10 wt% or less, preferably 5 wt% or less, more preferably 2 wt% or less, even more preferably 1 wt% or less, and may also be 0 wt%.

[0096] The insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein has a kinetic viscosity of 150 mm at 20°C. 2 Below / s, preferably 100 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 50 mm 2 / s or less, for example, 150 mm 2 / s or less, or 140 mm 2 / s or less, or 130 mm 2 / s or less, or 120 mm 2 / s or less, or 110 mm 2 / s or less, or 100 mm 2 / s or less, or 90 mm 2 / s or less, or 80 mm 2 / s or less, or 70 mm 2 / s or less, or 60 mm 2 / s or less, or 50 mm 2 / s or less, or 40 mm 2 / s or less, or 30 mm 2 / s or less, or 20 mm 2 / s or less, or 10 mm 2 / s or less, or 5 mm 2 / s or less. Kinetic viscosity can be measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020.

[0097] The insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein has a kinetic viscosity of 3500 mm at -25°C. 2 For speeds below 1 / s, 1500 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, preferably 500 mm 2 / s or less, for example, 3500 mm 2 / s or less, or 3000 mm 2 / s or less, or 2000 mm 2 / s or less, or 1500 mm 2 / s or less, or 1400 mm 2 / s or less, or 1200 mm 2 / s or less, or 1000 mm 2 / s or less, or 800 mm 2 / s or less, or 600 mm 2 / s or less, or 500 mm 2 / s or less, or 200 mm 2 / s or less, or 100 mm 2 / s or less, or 80 mm 2 / s or less, or 60 mm 2 / s or less, or 40 mm 2 / s or less, or 20 mm 2 / s or less. Kinetic viscosity can be measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020.

[0098] The insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein has a kinetic viscosity of 20,000 mm³ at -40°C. 2 Below / s, 3000 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, more preferably 1000 mm 2 Below / s, for example, 20000 mm 2 / s or less, or 15000 mm 2 / s or less, or 10000 mm 2 / s or less, or 5000 mm 2 / s or less, or 3000 mm 2 / s or less, or 2000 mm 2 / s or less, or 1000mm 2 / s or less, or 800 mm 2 / s or less, or 600 mm 2 / s or less, or 400 mm 2 / s or less, or 200 mm 2 / s or less, or 100mm 2 / s or less. Kinetic viscosity can be measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020.

[0099] The insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein has a kinetic viscosity of 30,000 mm³ at -50°C. 2 For speeds below 5000 mm / s, 5000 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, more preferably 1500 mm 2 Below / s, for example, 30000 mm 2 / s or less, or 10000 mm 2 / s or less, or 5000 mm 2 / s or less, or 2000 mm 2 / s or less, or 1500 mm 2 / s or less, or 1000 mm 2 / s or less, or 800 mm 2 / s or less, or 600 mm 2 / s or less, or 400 mm 2 / s or less, or 200 mm 2 / s or less. Kinetic viscosity can be measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020.

[0100] The pour point of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein can be below -50°C. The pour point can be measured according to IEC 60867-2022.

[0101] The insulating fluid or gas absorbent of this disclosure, having a kinetic viscosity and pour point within the aforementioned range, exhibits superior cooling performance and versatility even in cold regions.

[0102] The gas evolution coefficient of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent disclosed herein can be -20 mm. 3 For speeds below / min, -50mm is preferred. 3 / min or less, preferably -100 mm 3 / min or less. The gas evolution coefficient can be measured according to IEC 60628A (Ed.2, ​​1985). Insulating fluids or gas absorbents with gas evolution coefficients within the above range can be used in electrical equipment with high gas absorption requirements, such as in capacitors.

[0103] electrical equipment

[0104] In another respect, this disclosure relates to an electrical device comprising an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described above.

[0105] Compared to conventional insulating fluids, insulating fluids or gas absorbents as described herein can provide electrical equipment with better gas absorption performance. Therefore, electrical equipment containing insulating fluids or gas absorbents as described herein can offer improved operational safety, particularly for equipment operating in harsh environments such as medium to high voltage and high temperature conditions.

[0106] In some implementations, the electrical equipment includes or includes a portion of the following: capacitors, transformers, voltage transformers, current transformers, reactors, cable systems, bushings, converters, or components thereof and / or combinations thereof.

[0107] In some implementations, the electrical device is a capacitor filled with an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described herein. Such capacitors offer superior resistance to gas evolution and stability during discharge, and are therefore less prone to breakdown.

[0108] Methods for manufacturing electrical equipment

[0109] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an electrical device. The method includes providing the electrical device and filling it with an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described herein.

[0110] Before being introduced into electrical equipment, it is preferable to purify the insulating fluid or gas absorbent to meet the requirements for use in the electrical equipment. Examples of purification processes include, but are not limited to, clay filtration or vacuum dehydration.

[0111] In some implementations, the neutralization value of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent before it is introduced into the electrical equipment is below 0.5 mg KOH / g.

[0112] In some implementations, the water content of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent is below 200 ppm before it is introduced into the electrical equipment.

[0113] Methods for absorbing gas components

[0114] As mentioned above, reducing gas inclusions is of paramount importance for preventing partial discharge. Before applying an insulating fluid to equipment, gases can be easily removed using conventional methods, such as vacuuming. However, gas removal becomes more difficult when electrical equipment already contains an insulating fluid, especially during operation. While oxygen or water vapor can be absorbed by antioxidants or desiccants, absorbing hydrogen or gaseous hydrocarbons remains a challenge.

[0115] As described herein, insulating fluids or gas absorbents exhibit excellent absorption properties for hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons. Therefore, in another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for absorbing gaseous components in electrical equipment, comprising applying an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described above to the electrical equipment. As used herein, "absorbing gaseous components" refers to a process that results in a reduction in the amount of gaseous components. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent described herein achieves the absorption of gaseous components by contacting the target gaseous component to be absorbed. In some embodiments, the gaseous component is generated by the chemical decomposition of the insulating fluid filled in the electrical equipment under the influence of electrical and thermal stress.

[0116] The gaseous components can be absorbed by any means, preferably through a chemical reaction. The gaseous components may include, but are not limited to, hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbon compounds such as methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. Hydrogen is the preferred gaseous component.

[0117] Before application to electrical equipment, it is preferable to purify the insulating fluid or gas absorbent to further reduce the dielectric loss of the fluid. Examples of purification processes include, but are not limited to, clay filtration or vacuum dehydration.

[0118] Beneficial effects

[0119] The inventors have for the first time discovered that compounds of formula (I) (aromatic synthetic esters) can be used as ideal insulating fluids or gas absorbers. Compared to conventional insulating oils, the insulating fluids or gas absorbers of this disclosure exhibit superior gas absorption performance. The gas absorption performance of the system can also be effectively improved by adding even small amounts of the gas absorber described herein. The insulating fluids of this disclosure can contain additional components to enhance the fluid's flow characteristics, thereby increasing versatility. Furthermore, the insulating fluids or gas absorbers of this disclosure have excellent commercial applicability due to their low cost.

[0120] Example

[0121] The solution disclosed herein will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0122] It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely examples to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description; it is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here, and obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, equipment, and reagents used herein are commercially available.

[0123] Material

[0124] Benzyl benzoate: CAS No. 120-51-4, purchased from Wuxi Yatai Joint Chemicals, China.

[0125] Benzyl butyrate: CAS No. 103-37-7, purchased from Wanghua (Shandong) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0126] M / DBT (Jarylec C101): Contains benzyltoluene and dibenzyltoluene, purchased from ARKEMA, France.

[0127] SAS-fluid: Contains benzyltoluene and diphenyl ethane, purchased from Mitsubishi International GmbH, Germany.

[0128] Detailed information on the formulation and cost of the examples and comparative examples (typical insulating fluids currently used in capacitor products) is shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0129] Table 1

[0130] Table 2

[0131] Gas evolution tendency results

[0132] Tables 3 and 4 show the test results of the gas evolution coefficients for the examples and comparative examples.

[0133] Table 3

[0134] Compared to Comparative Examples 1a-b, Examples 1a-d exhibit a stronger tendency for negative gas evolution. Specifically, the gas evolution coefficients of Comparative Examples 1a-b are approximately -143 to -123 mm.3 / min, while Examples 1a-d show a better gas evolution coefficient (approximately -252 to -157 mm). 3 The figure ( / min) indicates that the negative gas evolution tendency of the embodiment is stronger compared with the comparative example.

[0135] In addition, it can be seen that the gas absorption capacity of Examples 1a-d increases significantly with the increase of the amount of benzyl benzoate added, illustrating that the compound of formula (I) is particularly suitable as a gas absorbent with a strong negative gas evolution tendency.

[0136] Table 4

[0137] The test method for the gas evolution coefficient in Table 4 is the same as that in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of benzyl benzoate significantly improves the gas absorption performance of various typical insulating fluids, including mineral oil, synthetic esters, vegetable oils (natural esters), synthetic aromatics, and silicone oil.

[0138] Flow performance results

[0139] Pour point test: conducted at Guilin CEMT (IEC 60867-2022).

[0140] Kinetic viscosity test: conducted at HAECKEL in Henan and LONGHUA in Shanghai (GB / T265-1988).

[0141] The test results of the flow performance of the examples and comparative examples are summarized in Tables 5 and 6.

[0142] Table 5

[0143] As shown in Table 4, the kinetic viscosity of Examples 1a-d at room temperature (20°C) is significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1a-b. Examples 1a-d demonstrate that the addition of benzyl butyrate effectively reduces the kinetic viscosity at low temperatures. This low viscosity is particularly advantageous for capacitor applications because it facilitates effective heat dissipation, preventing localized overheating and reducing partial discharge.

[0144] Table 6

[0145] As can be seen from Table 6, at room temperature or higher, benzyl benzoate reduces the kinetic viscosity of various insulating fluids commonly used in power and electrical equipment due to its inherently low kinetic viscosity.

[0146] Dielectric property results

[0147] Tables 7 and 8 list the test results for the examples and comparative examples.

[0148] Table 7

[0149] As shown in Table 7, compared with Comparative Examples 1a-b, Examples 1a-d have comparable breakdown voltages (electrode gap of 2.5 mm) and higher dielectric constants (at 50 Hz and 100 Hz). o C). In capacitor products, an increased dielectric constant can achieve higher energy density, thereby reducing the amount of insulating fluid required and lowering costs.

[0150] Table 8

[0151] As can be seen from Table 8, mixing benzyl benzoate with other typical insulating fluids can enable the fluid system to achieve comparable or even higher breakdown strength, which can fully meet the dielectric performance requirements of electrical equipment such as power capacitors.

[0152] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of this disclosure, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. The use of compounds of formula (I) as insulating fluids or gas absorbents in electrical equipment, Equation (I) in, M1 and M2 are each independently hydrocarbon chains containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and halogen groups.

2. The use as described in claim 1, wherein, M1 and M2 are each independently methylene; and / or R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl, preferably all of them are phenyl; and / or x is 0 and y is 1.

3. The use as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The compound of formula (I) has the following formula: 。 4. An insulating fluid or gas absorbent for electrical equipment, comprising component (A) selected from compounds of formula (I): Equation (I) in M1 and M2 are each independently hydrocarbon chains containing 1-5 carbon atoms; x and y are each independently 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 Each independently is C 6-10 Aryl; R 1 and R 2 Each independently and optionally selected from one or more of C 1-10 Substitution of hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and halogen groups.

5. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to claim 4, wherein, In formula (I), M1 and M2 are each independently methylene; and / or R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is phenyl, preferably all of them are phenyl; and / or x is 0 and y is 1.

6. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The compounds of formula (I) have the following formula: 。 7. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-6, further comprising component (B) selected from: Compounds of formula (II), compounds of formula (III), mineral oils, vegetable oils, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic esters, silicone oils, polyolefins, epoxy resins, and combinations thereof. Equation (II) Equation (III) in, M3 and M4 are each independently hydrocarbon chains containing 1-5 carbon atoms; p and q are each independently 0 or 1, preferably 1; R 3 C 1-4 Hydrocarbon group, preferably C 1-4 Alkyl, more preferably propyl; R 4 C 6-10 aryl groups, which are optionally composed of one or more compounds selected from C 1-10 Substitution with hydrocarbon groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and halogen groups, preferably R 4 It is phenyl; R 5 C 6-10 aryl groups, which are optionally composed of one or more compounds selected from C 1-10 Substitution of the hydrocarbon group, preferably, R 5 It is phenyl; R 6 C 1-17 Hydrocarbon group, preferably C 1-17 alkyl.

8. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to claim 7, wherein, The compound of formula (II) has the following formula: 。 9. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent of claim 7, wherein, The kinetic viscosity of component (B) at -25°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020, is 300 mm³. 2 / s below; and / or The kinetic viscosity of component (B) at -40°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020, is 600 mm³. 2 / s below; and / or The kinetic viscosity of component (B) at -50°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020, is 1500 mm³. 2 / s or less.

10. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-9, wherein, Based on the total weight of component (A) and component (B), the content of component (A) is 0.1-70 wt%, preferably 0.1-50 wt%, and more preferably 0.1-30 wt%.

11. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-9, wherein, Based on the total weight of component (A) and component (B), the content of component (B) is 30-99.9 wt%, preferably 50-99.9 wt%, and more preferably 70-99.9 wt%.

12. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-11, wherein, The insulating fluid or gas absorbent has a kinetic viscosity of 150 mm² at 20°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 Below / s, preferably 100 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 50 mm 2 / s below; and / or The insulating fluid or gas absorbent has a kinetic viscosity of 3500 mmHg at -25°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 For speeds below 1 / s, 1500 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, preferably 500 mm 2 / s below; and / or The insulating fluid or gas absorbent has a kinetic viscosity of 20,000 mm³ at -40°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 Below / s, 3000 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, more preferably 1000 mm 2 / s below; and / or The insulating fluid or gas absorbent has a kinetic viscosity of 30,000 mm³ at -50°C, as measured according to GB / T265-1988 or ISO 3104-2020. 2 For speeds below 5000 mm / s, 5000 mm is preferred. 2 / s or less, more preferably 1500 mm 2 / s or less.

13. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-11, wherein, The insulating fluid or gas absorbent has a pour point below -50°C as measured according to IEC 60867-2022.

14. The insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-11, wherein, The gas evolution coefficient of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent, as measured according to IEC 60628A (Ed. 2, 1985), is -20 mm. 3 For speeds below / min, -50mm is preferred. 3 / min or less, preferably -100 mm 3 / min or less.

15. An electrical device comprising an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described in any one of claims 4-14.

16. A method for manufacturing an electrical device, comprising: Provide electrical equipment, and The electrical equipment is filled with the insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described in any one of claims 4-14.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The insulating fluid or gas absorbent is purified before being introduced into the electrical equipment.

18. The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The neutralization value of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent before being introduced into the electrical equipment is below 0.5 mgKOH / g, and / or The water content of the insulating fluid or gas absorbent before it is introduced into the electrical equipment is below 200 ppm.

19. A method for absorbing gaseous components in an electrical device, comprising applying an insulating fluid or gas absorbent as described in any one of claims 4-14 to the electrical device.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the gaseous component comprises hydrogen.

21. The use according to any one of claims 1-3, the insulating fluid or gas absorbent according to any one of claims 4-14, the electrical device according to claim 15, and the method according to any one of claims 16-20, wherein, The electrical equipment includes or includes a portion of the following: capacitors, transformers, voltage transformers, current transformers, reactors, cable systems, bushings, converters, or components thereof and / or combinations thereof.

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