A double ponding device with adjustable plant spacing for mountainous crop planting

Abstract

This invention discloses an adjustable-spacing double-shovel-digging device adapted to mountain crop planting, belonging to the field of intelligent agricultural implement technology. It includes a frame with a diesel engine assembly at the front for powering the machine's movement and shovel-digging operations; two shovel-digging mechanisms, each mounted at the rear of the frame, for digging shovels on the ground; and two terrain-measuring mechanisms, each corresponding to one of the shovel-digging mechanisms, for acquiring ground undulation information along the device's direction of travel. The shovel-digging mechanisms adjust their depth based on the ground undulation information detected by the terrain-measuring mechanisms, ensuring a consistent depth under different terrain conditions. This invention solves the problem of inconsistent shovel depths in traditional fixed-stroke shovel-digging devices on uneven mountain terrain by sensing ground undulations through terrain-measuring mechanisms and adaptively adjusting the shovel's depth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent agricultural implements, specifically to a double-row planting device with adjustable plant spacing adapted to mountain crop cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Mountain agriculture is an important component of my country's agricultural regions, with dryland crops such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco being the main types of crops grown in these areas. These crops are planted using a pit-digging and mulching method, which helps to fully collect the limited spring rainfall to ensure crop emergence—a traditional local agronomic practice. However, the quality of pit digging directly affects rainwater harvesting efficiency, seedling emergence rate, crop yield, and soil erosion. Constrained by the rugged terrain, fragmented plots, and steep slopes of mountainous areas, mountain crop cultivation has long faced practical difficulties such as low mechanization, high operational complexity, and difficulty in standardizing planting specifications.

[0003] Currently, existing mechanized planting devices relying on small agricultural machinery (such as the Chinese utility model patent with patent number 202422979077.X, entitled "Mountainous Tobacco Planting Machine") or semi-mechanized planting devices carried by humans (such as the Chinese utility model patent with patent number 202020924227.6, entitled "A Hood-Type Tobacco Planting Machine") are mostly designed for single-plant operations in the tobacco planting process. Furthermore, the depth of the shovel's penetration is fixed by the mechanism's stroke, making it impossible to adapt to the actual unevenness of the ground. In mountainous areas, the ground is often uneven. When the ground is raised, the fixed stroke results in insufficient digging depth, leading to shallow planting holes; conversely, when the ground is sunken, the fixed stroke results in excessive digging depth, leading to deep planting holes. This inconsistency in planting hole depth within the same plot due to terrain undulations severely affects rainwater collection, resulting in poor seedling emergence uniformity and ultimately reduced crop yield.

[0004] Furthermore, existing planting devices mostly have fixed plant and row spacing designs, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the agronomical requirements of different crops (such as tobacco, corn, and potatoes). If users need to change planting specifications, they often need to replace the entire machine or make complex modifications, resulting in serious lack of adaptability and hindering the promotion of multi-crop rotation and intercropping patterns in mountainous areas. Semi-mechanized planting devices carried by hand lack precise spacing mechanisms, making density control difficult and resulting in low operating efficiency.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, there is an urgent need to develop a double-pond device that can adapt to the uneven terrain of mountainous slopes, automatically adjust the pond depth to ensure consistency, and also features flexible and adjustable plant spacing. The purpose of this invention is to provide a double-pond device with adjustable plant spacing suitable for mountain crop cultivation. Through the coordinated operation of terrain-adaptive adjustment components and the adjustable plant spacing design, it solves the problems of inconsistent pond depth and difficulty in standardizing specifications under complex mountainous terrain, achieving standardization, simplification, and efficiency in mountain crop cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable double-row planting device for crop cultivation in mountainous areas, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions, the present invention comprising: The frame has a diesel power unit assembly at its front, which provides power for the machine to move and for pond-dredging operations. Two pond-dredging mechanisms, both of which are mounted on the rear side of the frame, are used for pond-dredging on the ground; Two topographic surveying mechanisms, each corresponding to one of the two pit-digging mechanisms, are used to acquire ground undulation information in the direction of the device's travel; The pit-digging mechanism will adjust its depth of penetration based on the ground undulation information obtained by the topographic surveying agency, so that the pit-digging mechanism can maintain a consistent depth of penetration under different terrain conditions.

[0008] Preferably, the pond-dredging mechanism includes a mounting base, a tilting rod, and a shovel. The mounting base is mounted on a crossbar at the rear of the frame, the tilting rod is hinged to the mounting base, and the shovel is located at the rear end of the tilting rod. The pit-digging mechanism also includes an adjusting component, which is located at the front end of the flipping rod and is signal-connected to the topographic surveying mechanism. It is used to adjust the depth of the shovel's penetration into the soil according to the ground undulation information.

[0009] Preferably, the terrain surveying mechanism includes an outer cylinder fixed to the lower side of the mounting base, a lifting rod slidably disposed in the outer cylinder, a spring disposed in the outer cylinder and applying a downward elastic force to the lifting rod, a movable wheel rotatably mounted on the lower end of the lifting rod, and a displacement sensor fixed to the top of the outer cylinder. The movable wheels roll in contact with the ground to move the lifting rod up and down with the undulations of the ground; The displacement sensor is used to detect changes in the displacement of the lifting rod and transmit the ground undulation information to the controller.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a motor and an adjusting rod, the motor being fixed to the front end of the flipping rod, and the adjusting rod being rotatably mounted to the front end of the flipping rod and driven by the motor; The controller controls the motor to drive the adjusting rod to rotate based on the ground undulation information obtained by the topographic surveying agency, thereby changing the angle between the adjusting rod and the flipping rod, and thus adjusting the shovel's penetration depth.

[0011] Preferably, the angle between the adjusting rod and the flipping rod has three working states: When on a flat surface, the adjusting rod is parallel to the flipping rod; When there is a bump in the ground, the adjusting rod flips upward relative to the flipping rod to reduce the depth of the shovel into the soil; When there is a depression in the ground, the adjusting rod flips downward relative to the flipping rod to increase the depth of the shovel into the soil.

[0012] Preferably, a torsion spring is installed between the flipping rod and the mounting base to drive the rear end of the flipping rod to flip upward and reset.

[0013] Preferably, the dredging mechanism further includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, on which two eccentric wheels are mounted, and the eccentric wheels are vertically aligned with the adjusting component; the rotating shaft is connected to the power output end of the diesel power unit assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the mounting base and the eccentric wheel are slidably mounted on the crossbar and the rotating shaft, respectively, and locked by bolts to adjust the lateral distance between the two dredging mechanisms.

[0015] Preferably, the rear end of the flipping rod is fixed to a fixing cylinder, and the shovel is installed in the fixing cylinder.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The terrain surveying mechanism senses the ground undulations in real time, and the adjustment mechanism adaptively adjusts the depth of the shovel into the soil, which solves the problem of uneven pond depth on uneven mountainous terrain caused by traditional fixed-stroke pond digging devices, effectively ensuring rainwater collection efficiency and uniform seedling emergence.

[0017] 2. The distance between the two planting mechanisms can be flexibly adjusted, which can be adapted to the corn planting mode of one film and two ponds, as well as meet the plant spacing requirements of crops such as flue-cured tobacco and potatoes, thus improving the versatility and applicability of the device.

[0018] 3. It adopts an automatic reciprocating pond-dredging method with eccentric wheel and torsion spring, which has a compact structure, reliable operation, and reduces the burden of manual labor; it can simultaneously dredge two ponds, completing two rows of ponds in one trip, which significantly improves work efficiency.

[0019] 4. The shovel adopts a detachable structure, which makes it easy to replace the shovel body of different specifications according to the soil conditions and to quickly replace it after wear; the whole machine has a modular design, making adjustment and operation simple and adaptable to mountainous broken blocks and complex terrain conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional planar structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dredging mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the front sectional view of the measuring mechanism; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the process structure of a pond-digging mechanism on a flat surface; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure for creating a pit on a raised surface. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure for digging a pit in a sunken area.

[0021] The numbers in the diagram represent: 1-Diesel power unit assembly; 2-Sprocket drive; 3-Frame; 4-Protective cover; 5-Crossbar; 6-Roller; 7-Rotating shaft; 8-Eccentric wheel; 9-Measuring mechanism; 91-Moving wheel; 92-Lifting rod; 93-Outer cylinder; 94-Spring; 95-Displacement sensor; 10-Tilting rod; 11-Torsion spring; 12-Adjusting rod; 13-Motor; 14-Fixed cylinder; 15-Shovel; 16-Mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The above-mentioned and other technical features and advantages of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] This embodiment provides a technical solution: an adjustable double-row planting device for crops adapted to mountainous terrain, such as... Figures 1-7 As shown, the system includes a frame 3, a diesel engine assembly 1, two measuring mechanisms 9, and two pit-dredging mechanisms. The frame 3 is assembled with the diesel engine assembly 1, and is located at the front of the diesel engine assembly 1. The rear of the frame 3 has a handrail for the operator to hold and control the direction and speed of travel, thereby achieving stable control of the machine's trajectory. Both the frame 3 and the diesel engine assembly 1 can use existing and mature models available on the market, which will not be elaborated upon here. The two measuring mechanisms 9 and the two pit-dredging mechanisms are located at the rear of the frame 3 and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, allowing each pit-dredging mechanism to acquire ground condition parameters at its corresponding location, thereby enabling targeted adjustments and improving pit-dredging consistency and adaptability.

[0024] In this document, the terms "front (side, end, part)" and "rear (side, end, part)" indicate the positional relationship along the travel direction of this device, that is, the travel direction of this device is forward. However, this does not mean that it must face a fixed direction during actual installation and operation; it is only used to describe the relative positional relationship between the components. Correspondingly, the terms "left (side, face)" and "right (side, face)" indicate the positional relationship along the width direction of the diesel power unit assembly 1. This definition facilitates the understanding of the overall structural layout by those skilled in the art.

[0025] A crossbar 5 is fixed on the lower side of the frame 3. The crossbar 5 serves as the main load-bearing component of the rear structure of the machine and is used to install the pond-dredging mechanism and related parts. Rollers 6 are rotatably installed at both ends of the crossbar 5. Through the rolling contact between the rollers 6 and the ground, the weight of the machine can be shared, reducing the burden on the operator. At the same time, it can effectively improve the stability of the device in complex mountainous terrain and reduce the impact of bumps on the pond-dredging accuracy.

[0026] The pit-digging mechanism includes a mounting base 16 installed on the crossbar 5. The mounting base 16 serves as the foundation for all actuators, and its structural stability directly affects the pit-digging accuracy. A tilting rod 10 is hinged to the mounting base 16 via a pivot, allowing the tilting rod 10 to swing around the hinge point. A fixing cylinder 14 is fixed to the rear end of the tilting rod 10, used for mounting and positioning the shovel 15. The shovel 15 is detachably installed within the inner cavity of the fixing cylinder 14, and is bolted to the fixing cylinder 14. This detachable structure facilitates the replacement of shovels 15 of different specifications or shapes according to different soil conditions, and also facilitates quick replacement after wear, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving operational adaptability. A torsion spring 11 is installed between the tilting rod 10 and the mounting base 16. The torsion spring 11 continuously provides a restoring torque, driving the rear end of the tilting rod 10 to tilt upwards when no external force is applied, thus raising the shovel 15 and preventing resistance or accidental digging on the ground when not in operation, improving smooth movement.

[0027] An adjusting element is provided at the front end of the tilting rod 10 to adjust the angle between the adjusting rod 12 and the tilting rod 10, thereby changing the soil penetration depth of the shovel 15. A rotating shaft 7 is rotatably mounted on the diesel power unit assembly 1. The rotating shaft 7 is connected to the power output end of the diesel power unit assembly 1 via a sprocket drive 2. The sprocket drive 2 achieves efficient power transmission, which has the advantages of stable transmission, simple structure, and convenient maintenance. An eccentric wheel 8 is mounted on the rotating shaft 7. The eccentric wheel 8 is vertically aligned with the adjusting element. The eccentric structure of the eccentric wheel 8 generates a periodic pressing action during rotation, which, in conjunction with the torsion spring 11, drives the tilting rod 10 to swing up and down.

[0028] like Figure 5As shown, when the eccentric wheel 8 is driven to rotate by the diesel power unit assembly 1, and the thin end of the eccentric wheel 8 faces upward, the tilting rod 10 and the shovel 15 tilt upward under the action of the torsion spring 11, causing the shovel 15 to lift off the ground. As the eccentric wheel 8 continues to rotate, when the thick end of the eccentric wheel 8 faces upward, the eccentric wheel 8 exerts an upward pressure on the tilting rod 10. Based on the lever principle, the shovel 15 located at the rear end of the tilting rod 10 will dig the soil downward. During the continuous forward movement of the device, the shovel 15 periodically enters and exits the soil, thereby forming a continuous and uniform pond on the ground. This structure achieves automatic pond making through mechanical periodic motion, and has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and good consistency.

[0029] The adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting rod 12 vertically rotatably mounted at the front end of the flipping rod 10. A motor 13 is fixed at the front end of the flipping rod 10, and the motor 13 is controlled by a controller to drive the adjusting rod 12 to adjust its angle around its mounting axis. The angular relationship between the adjusting rod 12 and the flipping rod 10 has three working states: First, when the adjusting rod 12 is parallel to the flipping rod 10, it is suitable for flat ground, and the shovel 15 maintains a normal depth of penetration. Second, when the adjusting rod 12 flips upward relative to the flipping rod 10, it is suitable for situations where the ground is raised, reducing the depth of penetration of the shovel 15 and avoiding excessive digging. Third, when the adjusting rod 12 flips downward relative to the flipping rod 10, it is suitable for situations where the ground is depressed, allowing the shovel 15 to penetrate deeper into the ground, thereby compensating for differences in ground height. By switching between these three states, a consistent planting depth can be obtained under different terrain conditions, thus significantly improving planting quality and uniformity.

[0030] The measuring mechanism 9 is located on the lower side of the mounting base 16 and is used to measure the undulation of the ground in real time, providing control parameters for the adjustment components. The measuring mechanism 9 includes an outer cylinder 93 fixed to the lower side of the mounting base 16. A lifting rod 92 is slidably installed inside the outer cylinder 93. The lifting rod 92 can move up and down inside the outer cylinder 93. Its lower end extends out of the outer cylinder 93 and is rotatably mounted with a moving wheel 91. The moving wheel 91 rolls in contact with the ground and can follow the changes in ground undulation in real time, thereby driving the lifting rod 92 to produce corresponding displacement. A spring 94 is provided on the upper side of the lifting rod 92. The spring 94 is used to provide elastic support force, so that the lifting rod 92 always keeps in contact with the ground, while buffering the impact of the ground and avoiding measurement errors. A displacement sensor 95 is installed on the inner top of the outer cylinder 93. The displacement sensor 95 is used to detect the change in distance between itself and the top of the lifting rod 92 and transmits the detection signal to the controller in real time. The controller judges the change in ground elevation based on the displacement data and controls the motor 13 to adjust the angle of the adjusting rod 12 to achieve automatic terrain adaptation adjustment, thereby significantly improving the operation accuracy and intelligence level of the device in complex mountainous terrain.

[0031] Optionally, the displacement sensor 95 can be a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a linear displacement potentiometer, or an LVDT linear differential transformer, and the appropriate one can be selected according to the actual needs and budget.

[0032] In use, the operator holds the frame 3 to control the machine's movement along the planting row direction. The diesel engine assembly 1 provides the power for the entire machine's movement and drives the rotating shaft 7 to rotate continuously via the sprocket drive 2. The eccentric wheel 8 mounted on the rotating shaft 7 then rotates eccentrically.

[0033] During the periodic rotation of the eccentric wheel 8, its outer contour continuously exerts periodic pressure on the front end of the tilting rod 10, and cooperates with the torsion spring 11 located between the tilting rod 10 and the mounting base 16, causing the tilting rod 10 to oscillate back and forth around the mounting base 16. When the eccentric wheel 8 is in the thin-end upward position, under the reset action of the torsion spring 11, the rear end of the tilting rod 10 tilts upward, causing the shovel 15 to detach from the ground; when the eccentric wheel 8 rotates to the thick-end upward position, it applies upward pressure to the front end of the tilting rod 10. Based on the lever transmission principle, the rear end of the tilting rod 10 drives the shovel 15 to insert downward into the soil, realizing the digging action. As the device continues to move forward, the shovel 15 completes periodic insertion and removal of soil, thereby forming continuous and evenly spaced pits on the ground.

[0034] During the pit-digging process, the measuring mechanism 9, located below the mounting base 16, operates synchronously. The moving wheel 91 remains in constant rolling contact with the ground, and its movement causes the lifting rod 92 to slide up and down within the outer cylinder 93 as the ground undulates. The spring 94 provides a continuous downward elastic force, ensuring the moving wheel 91 remains stably in contact with the ground while absorbing impact. The displacement sensor 95 detects changes in the displacement of the lifting rod 92 in real time. When the lifting rod 92 is detected to be moving upward, the ground level is higher than the set height; conversely, it is lower than the set height. This ground level information is then transmitted to the controller.

[0035] Based on the detected terrain undulation data, and considering the distance difference between the measuring mechanism 9 and the shovel 15, the controller needs to delay the control of the motor 13 to drive the adjusting rod 12 to rotate for a certain period of time, for example, 1 to 2 seconds. This changes the angle between the adjusting rod 12 and the tilting rod 10: when the ground protrudes, the adjusting rod 12 deflects upward, reducing the shovel 15's penetration depth; when the ground is concave, the adjusting rod 12 deflects downward, increasing the shovel 15's penetration depth; and it maintains a neutral position when the ground is level. Through this adjustment mechanism, the shovel 15 maintains a basically consistent effective penetration depth under different terrain conditions, thus ensuring consistent pit-digging depth.

[0036] Furthermore, the mounting base 16 and the eccentric wheel 8 are slidably mounted on the crossbar 5 and the rotating shaft 7 respectively, and are locked and fixed by bolts. By adjusting the position of the mounting base 16 on the crossbar 5 and the position of the eccentric wheel 8 on the rotating shaft 7, the lateral spacing between the two dredging mechanisms can be changed, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of plant spacing or row spacing to adapt to the planting needs of different crops and improve the versatility and adaptability of the device.

[0037] Furthermore, protective covers 4 are fixed to the frame 3 on the upper side of the two pond-digging mechanisms. The protective covers 4 can shield the splashed soil during the pond-digging process, effectively preventing soil from splashing onto the operators. This not only improves the safety of the operation but also improves the operating environment, providing good protection.

[0038] With the above-described structural design, this embodiment can achieve adaptive pond-digging operations in complex mountainous terrain. While ensuring consistent pond depth, it also allows for adjustable plant spacing, and has advantages such as reasonable structure, strong adaptability, high degree of automation, and high operational efficiency.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, all of which will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-row planting device with adjustable plant spacing adapted for mountain crop cultivation, comprising: The frame (3) is equipped with a diesel power unit assembly (1) on the front side of the frame (3), which is used to provide power for the machine to move and for pond digging operations; Two pond-dredging mechanisms are installed on the rear side of the frame (3) for dredging ponds on the ground; Two topographic surveying mechanisms (9) are respectively associated with two digging mechanisms, and are used to obtain ground undulation information in the direction of the device's travel; The pit-digging mechanism will change the depth of the pit-digging mechanism into the ground based on the ground undulation information detected by the topographic surveying agency (9), so that the pit-digging mechanism can maintain a consistent depth of the pit-digging mechanism under different terrain conditions.

2. The adjustable row and plant spacing double-row planting device adapted to mountain crop planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pond-dredging mechanism includes a mounting base (16), a tilting rod (10), and a shovel (15). The mounting base (16) is mounted on a crossbar (5) at the rear of the frame. The tilting rod (10) is hinged to the mounting base (16). The shovel (15) is located at the rear end of the tilting rod (10). The pit-digging mechanism also includes an adjustment component, which is located at the front end of the flipping rod (10) and is signal-connected to the topographic surveying mechanism (9) for adjusting the soil penetration depth of the shovel (15) according to the ground undulation information.

3. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The topographic surveying mechanism (9) includes an outer cylinder (93) fixed to the lower side of the mounting base (16), a lifting rod (92) slidably disposed in the outer cylinder (93), a spring (94) disposed in the outer cylinder (93) and applying a downward elastic force to the lifting rod (92), a moving wheel (91) rotatably mounted on the lower end of the lifting rod (92), and a displacement sensor (95) fixed to the top of the outer cylinder (93). The movable wheel (91) rolls in contact with the ground to drive the lifting rod (92) up and down as the ground undulates; The displacement sensor (95) is used to detect the displacement change of the lifting rod (92) and transmit the ground undulation information to the controller.

4. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting component includes a motor (13) and an adjusting rod (12). The motor (13) is fixed to the front end of the flipping rod (10), and the adjusting rod (12) is rotatably mounted on the front end of the flipping rod (10) and driven by the motor (13). The controller controls the motor (13) to drive the adjusting rod (12) to rotate based on the ground undulation information obtained by the terrain surveying mechanism (9), so as to change the angle between the adjusting rod (12) and the flipping rod (10), thereby adjusting the soil penetration depth of the shovel (15).

5. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the adjusting rod (12) and the flipping rod (10) has three working states: When on a flat surface, the adjusting rod (12) is parallel to the flipping rod (10); When there is a bump in the ground, the adjusting rod (12) flips upward relative to the flipping rod (10) to reduce the depth of the shovel (15) into the soil; When there is a depression in the ground, the adjusting rod (12) flips downward relative to the flipping rod (10) to increase the depth of the shovel (15) into the soil.

6. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, A torsion spring (11) is installed between the flipping rod (10) and the mounting base (16) to drive the rear end of the flipping rod (10) to flip upward and reset.

7. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dredging mechanism also includes a rotating shaft (7) rotatably mounted on the frame (3), on which two eccentric wheels (8) are mounted, and the eccentric wheels (8) are vertically aligned with the adjusting component; the rotating shaft (7) is connected to the power output end of the diesel power unit assembly (1).

8. The adjustable row and plant spacing double-row planting device adapted to mountain crop planting according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mounting base (16) and the eccentric wheel (8) are slidably mounted on the crossbar (5) and the rotating shaft (7) respectively, and are locked by bolts to adjust the lateral distance between the two dredging mechanisms.

9. The adjustable double-row planting device for mountain crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rear end of the flipping rod (10) is fixed with a fixing cylinder (14), and the shovel (15) is installed in the fixing cylinder (14).

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