A recommended fertilization method for processing tomatoes

Abstract

The application discloses a recommended fertilization method for processing tomatoes, and relates to the technical field of scientific fertilization.The yield, fertilization amount and straw returning of the previous season crops are used to obtain the nutrient input and removal of the previous season crops, the soil nutrient balance is calculated according to the nutrient balance, 10% of the phosphorus balance and 50% of the potassium balance of the previous season are taken as the nutrients of the previous season crop residues to be brought into the processing tomatoes of the next season, the yield response is determined according to the actual soil condition, and finally, the fertilization amount is determined based on the yield response and the agronomic efficiency.The application realizes the accurate nutrient management in the production of tomatoes through the internal connection of the yield response and the agronomic efficiency of the fertilizer, avoids the blind fertilization and excessive fertilization of farmers, finally analyzes the habitual application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers of the farmers, compares and analyzes the economic benefits, provides more economical and beneficial fertilization measures for the farmers, and has a wide application prospect in the production of processing tomatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of scientific fertilization technology, and in particular to a recommended fertilization method for processed tomatoes. Background Technology

[0002] Fertilizer and nutrient input is the material guarantee for high crop yields and quality. Effective nutrient management can avoid both low and high levels of nutrient input, thereby preventing resource waste and threats to the farmland ecological environment.

[0003] However, in current processing tomato cultivation, the problem of irrational fertilization, such as indiscriminate and excessive fertilization, is widespread, leading to nutrient loss and waste, and increased costs. Excessive fertilization not only fails to further increase yield but also wastes resources; the lost nutrients entering the environment seriously threaten the farmland's ecological environment and affect its sustainable use. Exploring efficient fertilization theories and scientifically and efficiently utilizing fertilizer resources is crucial for solving the problems of excessive and irrational fertilization in processing tomato production, as well as untimely fertilization recommendations and widespread indiscriminate fertilization. This is of key significance for ensuring sustained high tomato yields, the sustainable use of oasis farmland, and the protection of the ecological environment.

[0004] With the development of the times and the progress of society, ecological civilization construction has received increasing attention. Precise nutrient input and improved nutrient utilization in agricultural production have become a consensus. Therefore, in response to the current problems of unreasonable fertilization, such as blind and excessive fertilization, in the cultivation of processing tomatoes, there is an urgent need for a recommended fertilization method for processing tomatoes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a recommended fertilization method for processed tomatoes to solve the problem of unreasonable fertilization, such as blind and excessive fertilization.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A recommended fertilization method for processed tomatoes includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Determine the residual effect of nutrients from the previous season: Calculate the phosphorus and potassium residues based on the amount of nutrients removed from the previous season's crop and the amount of organic and chemical fertilizers applied to the previous season's crop.

[0009] S2. Determine the target yield: Target yield = average yield of farmers over 5 years × 1.05;

[0010] S3. Determine the yield response of processed tomatoes: The yield responses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are obtained by the yield difference between the treatment with sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer supply and the treatments with no nitrogen, no phosphorus, and no potassium, respectively. If the yield response is unknown, proceed to step S4.

[0011] S4. Based on the indicators of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil test, determine the soil nutrient supply level. If there is no soil test result, skip to step S5 and then determine the yield response coefficient. Specifically, the yield response = target yield × yield response coefficient.

[0012] S5. Determine the soil nutrient supply level based on the soil texture and color that have been entered;

[0013] S6. Determining the amount of chemical fertilizer to be applied:

[0014] The amount of nitrogen applied should be determined based on the yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer:

[0015] Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg N / hm) 2 = Yield reaction (t / hm) 2 ) / agronomic efficiency (kg / kg) × 1000;

[0016] The amount of phosphorus to be applied should be determined based on the yield response of phosphate fertilizer, the amount of crop removal (to maintain soil balance), and the residual effect of phosphorus from the previous season.

[0017] Phosphorus application rate (FP, kg P2O5 / hm) 2 = Phosphorus requirement for yield response + (Phosphorus removed from crops - Residual phosphorus from the previous season)

[0018] = Phosphate fertilizer yield response × (Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / Phosphorus nutrient recovery rate × 2.292) + Target yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Proportion of returned fruit removal × 2.292 - Residual phosphorus effect of the previous season;

[0019] Potassium application should be considered based on three factors: potassium production response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and the residual potassium effect from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application, in addition to considering the amount removed from fruit production, also needs to account for the return of some straw.

[0020] Potassium application rate (FK, kg K2O / hm) 2 = Potassium requirement for yield response + (Potassium from crop removal - Potassium residual from previous season)

[0021] = Potassium fertilizer yield response × (potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / potassium nutrient recovery rate × 1.205) + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × potassium nutrient harvest index × 1.205 × proportion of returned fruit removal + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - straw return rate) × 1.205 - potassium residual effect of the previous season;

[0022] Fertilization methods are recommended based on other micronutrients lacking in the soil;

[0023] S7. Determination of the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied: If organic fertilizer is to be applied, replace 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer, then calculate the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer based on the amount of organic fertilizer used, and subtract the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer to finally determine the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer in one application.

[0024] S8. Determine the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing. If topdressing is applied to phosphate fertilizer, calculate based on the selected compound phosphate fertilizer variety. If topdressing is not applied to phosphate fertilizer, apply single-element fertilizers for nitrogen and potassium in all topdressing. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied does not meet the requirements, calculate the amount of topdressing according to the ratio of nitrogen and potassium in the compound fertilizer.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S1:

[0026] Residual phosphorus effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.1;

[0027] Potassium residual effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.5;

[0028] in:

[0029] The amount of organic and chemical fertilizers used in the previous season's crops was obtained based on actual survey data;

[0030] Nutrient removal from the previous season = Grain removal from the previous season + Straw removal from the previous season;

[0031] Phosphorus removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Phosphorus conversion factor;

[0032] Phosphorus removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - phosphorus nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × phosphorus conversion factor;

[0033] Potassium removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Potassium nutrient harvest index × Potassium conversion factor;

[0034] Potassium removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × potassium conversion factor;

[0035] Furthermore, in step S4: the critical values ​​for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil test are:

[0036]

[0037] If available nitrogen is ≥120mg / kg, the grade will be upgraded to "medium" or "high" based on the "low" or "medium" organic matter test value; if available nitrogen is <90mg / kg, the grade will be downgraded to "medium" based on the "high" organic matter test value.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S4: the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium yield response coefficients of processed tomatoes correspond to the soil nutrient supply level as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Furthermore, in step S5: the specific principles for determining the soil nutrient supply level include: low: sandy soil (regardless of soil color); slightly yellow clay or loam; medium: gray / brown (or medium organic matter) clay or loam; high: black clay or loam containing high amounts of organic matter and high fertility.

[0041] Furthermore, in step S6, recommended fertilization methods for those lacking other micronutrients include:

[0042] If manganese is deficient, apply 20-25 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Manganese sulfate, or 0.2% manganese sulfate, or 800 times diluted potassium permanganate, or manganese-containing foliar fertilizer, spray once each during the seedling stage, early flowering stage, and full flowering stage;

[0043] If boron is deficient, apply 5-10 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Alternatively, apply 0.1%-0.2% borax solution to the leaves once during the initial flowering stage and once during the full bloom stage.

[0044] If copper is deficient, apply 3-15 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Apply copper sulfate, or 0.02% copper sulfate, or copper-containing foliar fertilizer, once each during the seedling stage, early flowering stage, and full bloom stage;

[0045] If zinc is deficient, apply 6-8 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Alternatively, apply zinc sulfate, or spray the leaves with a 0.2%~0.3% zinc sulfate solution at the initial flowering stage and the full bloom stage respectively;

[0046] If iron is deficient, apply 30-50 kg / hm² as basal fertilizer. 2 Ferrous sulfate, or use iron-containing foliar fertilizer during the seedling stage;

[0047] If there is a deficiency of molybdenum, spray the seedlings with a 0.05% to 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution 2 to 3 times during the seedling and early flowering stages, or use a foliar fertilizer containing molybdenum.

[0048] Furthermore, step S7 specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] S701. Determine the amount of organic fertilizer: Amount of organic fertilizer = Amount of nitrogen applied × 0.1 / Percentage of nitrogen content in organic fertilizer / Nitrogen release rate of organic fertilizer;

[0050] S702. Determine the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer phosphorus = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer phosphorus percentage content × Organic fertilizer phosphorus release rate; Organic fertilizer potassium = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer potassium percentage content × Organic fertilizer potassium release rate;

[0051] S703, Fertilizer application rate: Nitrogen application rate = Recommended nitrogen application rate × 0.9; Phosphorus application rate = Recommended phosphorus application rate - Organic fertilizer phosphorus application rate; Potassium application rate = Recommended potassium application rate - Organic fertilizer potassium application rate;

[0052] S704. Calculate the actual amount of fertilizer: Calculate the amount of fertilizer used based on phosphorus;

[0053] Furthermore, in step S8, the base fertilizer ratio (percentage) of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is:

[0054]

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0056] This invention obtains information on nutrient input and removal from the previous season's crop by analyzing its yield, fertilizer application, and return-to-soil status. Based on the nutrient balance (input - removal), it calculates the nutrient balance of the previous season's crop, carrying over 10% of the previous season's phosphorus balance and 50% of the previous season's potassium balance as residual nutrients to the next season's processing tomatoes. The yield response is determined based on actual soil conditions, and finally, the actual fertilizer application rate is determined based on the yield response and agronomic efficiency. This invention achieves precise nutrient management in tomato production by leveraging the inherent relationship between yield response and fertilizer agronomic efficiency, avoiding farmers' blind and excessive fertilization. Finally, it analyzes farmers' habitual application of chemical and organic fertilizers and provides more economical fertilization measures through economic benefit analysis and comparison, showing broad application prospects in processing tomato production. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are used to explain the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.

[0058] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the invention with unnecessary details, only the processing steps closely related to the solution according to the invention are shown below, while other details that are not closely related to the invention are omitted.

[0059] It should be emphasized that the term "including / comprises" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, element, or step, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, or steps.

[0060] It should be emphasized here that the step markers mentioned below are not a limitation on the order of the steps, but should be understood as meaning that the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order than in the embodiments, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A recommended fertilization method for processed tomatoes includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Determine the nutrient residual effect of the previous season (kg / hm) 2 ): Calculate the residual effects of phosphorus and potassium based on the amount of nutrients removed from the previous season's crop and the amount of organic and chemical fertilizers applied to the previous season's crop;

[0064] Calculations for different straw return methods:

[0065] a) Burning: calculated based on 90% straw returning to the field.

[0066] b) Removal: Calculated based on 10% straw return to the field:

[0067] c) Returning to the field: User input, calculated based on the actual proportion returned to the field. All returned to the field is calculated as 90%.

[0068] Calculation method:

[0069] Residual phosphorus effect = (Phosphorus nutrient input from organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Phosphorus nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.1;

[0070] The amount of organic and chemical fertilizers used in the previous season's crops was obtained based on actual survey data;

[0071] Nutrient removal from the previous season = Grain removal from the previous season + Straw removal from the previous season;

[0072] Phosphorus removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Phosphorus conversion factor;

[0073] Phosphorus removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - phosphorus nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × phosphorus conversion factor;

[0074] Potassium removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Potassium nutrient harvest index × Potassium conversion factor.

[0075] Potassium removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × potassium conversion factor;

[0076] S2. Determine the target yield: Target yield = Farmer's previous yield × 1.05;

[0077] The primary goal is to obtain yield levels under farmers' habitual practices to estimate target yields. Recommended fertilization is defined as increasing yield by 5% based on farmers' existing practices.

[0078] S3. Determine the reaction for processing tomato yield:

[0079] The yield response is the difference between the yield of a treatment without a certain nutrient and the yield of two treatments with sufficient application of that nutrient. For example, the yield difference between nitrogen treatment and no nitrogen treatment is the yield response to nitrogen fertilizer application.

[0080] In practice, the yields of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are obtained by comparing the yields of treatments with sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supply with those with no nitrogen, no phosphorus, and no potassium, respectively. If the yields are unknown, proceed to step S4.

[0081] S4. If soil test results are available, determine the yield response based on the measured levels of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil test. Available nitrogen is mainly used to adjust for organic matter. Refer to Table 1 for the corresponding relationships:

[0082] Table 1 Critical values ​​of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil testing

[0083]

[0084] Note: If available nitrogen is ≥120mg / kg, the grade will be upgraded to "medium" or "high" based on the "low" or "medium" organic matter test value; if available nitrogen is <90mg / kg, the grade will be downgraded to "medium" based on the "high" organic matter test value.

[0085] Based on the indicators of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil test, determine the soil nutrient supply level. If there is no soil test result, proceed to step S5.

[0086] Finally, the yield response coefficient is determined by soil grade. According to the correspondence in Table 2, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium yield response of processing tomatoes under the target yield can be obtained. The specific yield response = target yield × yield response coefficient.

[0087] Table 2. Response coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium yields in processed tomatoes and soil nutrient supply levels.

[0088]

[0089] S5. If there are no soil test results, determine the soil nutrient supply level based on the soil texture and color that have been entered.

[0090] The specific principles for determining soil nutrient supply levels include:

[0091] Low: Sandy soil (regardless of soil color); slightly yellow clay or loam;

[0092] Medium: Gray / brown (or medium organic matter) clay or loam;

[0093] High: Black clay or loam containing high amounts of organic matter and high fertility.

[0094] After determining the soil nutrient supply levels as low, medium, or high, the yield response is then determined by referring to the yield response coefficients in Table 2.

[0095] S6. Determination of fertilizer application rate: Nitrogen application rate is determined based on yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; phosphorus application rate is determined based on yield response, crop removal rate (to maintain soil balance), and residual phosphorus effect of the previous season.

[0096] Potassium application should be considered based on three factors: potassium production response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and the residual potassium effect from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application, in addition to considering the amount removed from fruit production, also needs to account for the return of some straw.

[0097] Fertilization methods are recommended based on the micronutrients lacking in the soil.

[0098] The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is determined based on yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer:

[0099] Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg N / hm) 2 = Yield reaction (t / hm) 2 ) / agronomic efficiency (kg / kg) × 1000;

[0100] Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg / hm) 2 = A×1000 / (-0.00158A×A+3.7797×A+7.6343)

[0101] A represents the yield reaction, with units of t / hm². 2 .

[0102] The amount of phosphorus to be applied is determined based on the yield response of phosphate fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus removed by crops (to maintain soil balance), and the residual effect of phosphorus from the previous season.

[0103] Phosphorus application rate (FP, kg P2O5 / hm) 2 = Phosphorus requirement for yield response + (Phosphorus removed from crops - Residual phosphorus from the previous season)

[0104] = Phosphate fertilizer yield response × (Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / Phosphorus nutrient recovery rate × 2.292) + Target yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Proportion of returned fruit removal × 2.292 - Residual phosphorus effect of the previous season;

[0105] =Phosphate fertilizer yield response × 2.95 + (Target yield × 0.111 - Residual phosphorus effect from the previous season)

[0106] In processed tomatoes: the phosphorus requirement per unit economic yield is 0.36 kg / kg, the phosphorus harvest index is 0.67, and the phosphorus recovery rate is 0.28, considering the removal of 20% of the fruit phosphorus.

[0107] Potassium application rate is mainly considered based on three factors: potassium yield response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and residual potassium from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application rate, in addition to considering the return of 20% of fruit removal, also needs to consider the return of some straw removal. Details are as follows:

[0108] Potassium application rate (FK, kg K2O / hm) 2 = Potassium requirement for yield response + (Potassium from crop removal - Potassium residual from previous season)

[0109] = Potassium fertilizer yield response × (potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / potassium nutrient recovery rate × 1.205) + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × potassium nutrient harvest index × 1.205 × proportion of returned fruit removal + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - straw return rate) × 1.205 - potassium residual effect of the previous season;

[0110] =Potassium fertilizer yield response × 3.62 + Target yield × 0.46 + Target yield × (1 - S%) × 0.71 - Previous season's residual potassium effect

[0111] In processing tomatoes, the potassium requirement per unit economic yield is 2.524 kg / kg, the potassium harvest index is 0.765, and the potassium recovery rate is 0.84. Considering the return of 20% of the potassium removed from the fruit, the return of some of the removed straw also needs to be taken into account.

[0112] If the soil has a deficiency of micronutrients, fertilize according to the recommended fertilization methods for correcting micronutrient deficiencies given in Table 3.

[0113] Table 3 lists recommended fertilization methods for micronutrient deficiencies, including:

[0114]

[0115] S7. Determination of the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied: If organic fertilizer is to be applied, replace 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer, then calculate the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer based on the amount of organic fertilizer used, and subtract the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer to finally determine the amount of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer once.

[0116] The calculation steps include:

[0117] S701. Determine the amount of organic fertilizer: Amount of organic fertilizer = Amount of nitrogen applied × 0.1 / Percentage of nitrogen content in organic fertilizer / Nitrogen release rate of organic fertilizer;

[0118] S702. Determine the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer phosphorus = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer phosphorus percentage content × Organic fertilizer phosphorus release rate; Organic fertilizer potassium = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer potassium percentage content × Organic fertilizer potassium release rate;

[0119] S703, Final fertilizer application rate: Nitrogen application rate = Recommended nitrogen application rate × 0.9; Phosphorus application rate = Recommended phosphorus application rate - Organic fertilizer phosphorus application rate; Potassium application rate = Recommended potassium application rate - Organic fertilizer potassium application rate;

[0120] S704. Calculate the actual amount of fertilizer: Calculate the amount of fertilizer used based on phosphorus.

[0121] Specifically, taking the recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dosage as 185-63-73, and taking cow manure as an example, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of cow manure is 0.383-0.218-0.278, respectively. Refer to Table 4 for the nutrient release rate of organic fertilizer.

[0122] Organic fertilizer application rate = 185 × 0.1 / (0.383 / 100) / (33.3 / 100) = 14505.367 kg

[0123] Organic fertilizer phosphorus = 14505.367 × (0.218 / 100) × (58 / 100) = 18.3 kg

[0124] Potassium content of organic fertilizer = 14505.367 × (0.278 / 100) × (69.1 / 100) = 27.9 kg

[0125] Final nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium dosage

[0126] Nitrogen application rate = 185 × 0.9 = 166.5 kg

[0127] Phosphorus application rate = 63 - 18.3 = 44.7 kg

[0128] (Judgment criteria: If the amount of phosphorus applied is less than 0, do not apply chemical phosphorus fertilizer, and apply organic fertilizer instead.)

[0129] Potassium application rate = 73 - 27.9 = 45.1 kg

[0130] (Judgment criteria: If the amount of potassium applied is less than 0, do not apply chemical potassium fertilizer, and apply organic fertilizer instead.)

[0131] Finally, based on the calculated fertilizer application amounts of 166.5 (nitrogen application) - 44.7 (phosphorus application) - 45.1 (potassium application), the amount of chemical fertilizer used is determined.

[0132] Table 4 Nutrient Release Rate of Organic Fertilizer

[0133]

[0134] S8. Determine the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing. If topdressing is applied to phosphate fertilizer, calculate based on the selected compound phosphate fertilizer variety. If topdressing is not applied to phosphate fertilizer, apply single-element fertilizers for nitrogen and potassium in all topdressing applications.

[0135] Refer to Table 5 to determine the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing fertilizer.

[0136] 1. Timing and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer application:

[0137] Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in 5-8 applications based on the total amount of nitrogen applied.

[0138] 2. Nitrogen fertilizer base and topdressing ratio:

[0139] (1) Nitrogen fertilizer application rate FN≤200kg / hm 2 Fertilizer was applied 5 times.

[0140] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer application rate FN>200, FN≤250kg / hm 2 Fertilizer was applied 6 times.

[0141] (3) Nitrogen fertilizer application rate FN>250, FN≤300kg / hm 2 Fertilizer was applied 7 times.

[0142] (4) Nitrogen fertilizer application rate FN>300kg / hm 2 Fertilizer was applied 8 times.

[0143] Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, flowering stage, early fruiting stage, fruit enlargement stage, and peak fruiting stage.

[0144] The nitrogen application ratio at different times is determined by the soil's basic nutrient supply level. Based on the soil texture, color, and low, medium, and high organic matter content, the basic soil fertility is determined as low, medium, and high. Then, the ratio of basal fertilizer and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is determined based on the soil fertility level. If soil test results are available, the fertilizer application ratio is adjusted according to the soil test results.

[0145] 3. Phosphate fertilizer base and topdressing ratio: Phosphate fertilizer is applied in two applications. 70% is applied as base fertilizer, and triple superphosphate or diammonium phosphate can be selected. 30% is applied as topdressing with water during the initial flowering period.

[0146] 4. Potassium fertilizer base application ratio: Potassium fertilizer is applied in two applications: 30% is applied with irrigation water during the initial fruiting stage, 40% is applied with irrigation water during the early stage of full fruiting, and 30% is applied with irrigation water during the later stage of full fruiting.

[0147] Table 5. Ratio of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizers as Base and Topdressing (Percentage)

[0148]

[0149] Note: If using compound fertilizers (such as diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate), deduct the nitrogen from the recommended nitrogen fertilizer amount for diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate, and then apply the remaining nitrogen fertilizer in 5-8 applications with irrigation water.

[0150] The principles of compound fertilizer application include: applying nitrogen top dressing based on the amount of base fertilizer nitrogen brought in by the compound fertilizer; the recommended amount of phosphorus is usually the lowest among the three major elements, so the recommended amount of compound fertilizer should prioritize meeting the phosphorus requirement, and the remaining nitrogen should be applied in the second or third application.

[0151] I. If topdressing with phosphate fertilizer is required, the calculation should be based on the selected compound phosphate fertilizer variety. Specific steps include:

[0152] S801. Determine the input of base fertilizer: Let A, B, and C represent the recommended total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, and a, b, and c represent the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients brought in by the base fertilizer and compound fertilizer.

[0153] N, P2O5, and K2O below represent the percentage content of the three nutrients, respectively.

[0154] Base fertilizer and compound fertilizer application rate = Recommended phosphorus application rate × Base fertilizer ratio × 100 / P2O5

[0155] a = Compound fertilizer and base fertilizer application rate × N / 100

[0156] c = Compound fertilizer base fertilizer application rate × K2O / 100

[0157] If A ≥ a × base fertilizer ratio, then no other nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied as base fertilizer;

[0158] If A < a × base fertilizer ratio, then the nitrogen supplemented by urea to meet the insufficient base fertilizer nitrogen ratio is (A × base fertilizer ratio - a) / 0.46;

[0159] If C ≥ c × base fertilizer ratio, then no additional potassium fertilizer is needed as base fertilizer;

[0160] If Cc < 15 kg / hm2, no potassium topdressing is needed. If the deficiency is insufficient, potassium sulfate base fertilizer should be used to supplement it. The amount of potassium sulfate used = (Cc) / 0.50.

[0161] If C < c × base fertilizer ratio, then potassium sulfate should be used to supplement the insufficient potassium in the base fertilizer = (C × base fertilizer ratio - c) / 0.50;

[0162] S802. Determination of the first topdressing compound fertilizer: Let a1, b1, and c1 represent the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients brought in by the first topdressing compound fertilizer;

[0163] Dosage of the first topdressing compound fertilizer = Recommended phosphorus application rate × First topdressing ratio × 100 / P2O5

[0164] a1 = Dosage of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer × N / 100

[0165] c1 = Dosage of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer × K2O / 100

[0166] (1) If a > A × Base fertilizer ratio, topdressing is carried out according to the number of times set according to the soil fertility level, and the dosage of each topdressing is redistributed according to the remaining nitrogen ratio. The corresponding dosage of urea for each time is:

[0167] Dosage of urea =

[0168] At this time:

[0169] If A - a - a1 < 15 kg / hm 2 , then no more nitrogen fertilizer needs to be topdressed, and the nitrogen deficiency = (A - a - a1) / 0.46; The nitrogen fertilizer application task is completed;

[0170] If a1 > Nitrogen in the first topdressing, then no other nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied;

[0171] If a1 < Nitrogen in the first topdressing, then urea is used to supplement the insufficient nitrogen in the topdressing = (Nitrogen in the first topdressing - a1) / 0.46;

[0172] (2) If a < A × Base fertilizer ratio, at this time, fertilization is carried out according to the original base - topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer; There is no need to adjust the topdressing nitrogen ratio;

[0173] At this time:

[0174] If a1 > A × First topdressing nitrogen ratio, then no other nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied;

[0175] If a1 < A × First topdressing nitrogen ratio, then urea is used to supplement the insufficient nitrogen in the first topdressing = (A × First topdressing nitrogen ratio - a1) / 0.46;

[0176] (3) If c > C × Base fertilizer ratio, topdressing is carried out according to the number of times set according to the soil fertility level, and the dosage of each topdressing is redistributed according to the remaining potassium base - topdressing ratio;

[0177] At this time:

[0178] If C - c - c1 < 15 kg / hm 2, then there is no need to apply additional potassium fertilizer, and the insufficient part is supplemented with potassium sulfate, where potassium sulfate = (C - c - c1) / 0.5;

[0179] If c1 > the potassium in the first topdressing, then there is no need to apply other potassium fertilizers;

[0180] If c1 < the potassium in the first topdressing, then the insufficient potassium in the first topdressing is supplemented with potassium sulfate = (the potassium in the first topdressing - c1) / 0.5;

[0181] (4) If c < C × basal dressing ratio, then fertilize according to the original fertilization ratio at this time; there is no need to adjust the topdressing potassium ratio;

[0182] If c1 > C × the first topdressing potassium ratio, then there is no need to apply other potassium fertilizers;

[0183] If c1 < C × the first topdressing potassium ratio, then the insufficient potassium in the first topdressing is supplemented with potassium sulfate = (C × the first topdressing potassium ratio - c1) / 0.5;

[0184] S803. If there is secondary or multiple topdressings, the topdressing method is the same as in step S802.

[0185] Second, if there is no topdressing for phosphate fertilizer, single-element fertilizers are used for nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in all topdressings. The specific steps include:

[0186] S804. Let A, B, and C represent the total recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient amounts respectively, and a, b, and c represent the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient amounts brought in by the water-soluble compound fertilizer basal dressing

[0187] The following types of water-soluble compound fertilizers N - P2O5 - K2O represent the percentage contents of the three nutrients respectively

[0188] The application rate of water-soluble compound fertilizer basal dressing = recommended phosphorus application rate × 100 / P2O5

[0189] a = application rate of water-soluble compound fertilizer basal dressing × N / 100

[0190] c = application rate of water-soluble compound fertilizer basal dressing × K2O / 100

[0191] S805. Judge whether the nitrogen in the basal dressing exceeds the standard (that is, whether it exceeds A × basal dressing ratio)

[0192] (1) If a ≥ A, that is, (a ≥ A), then there is no need to topdress nitrogen again. If the difference between the two (a - A) ≥ 15 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen brought in by the compound fertilizer is too high. It is recommended to choose other compound fertilizers. If other compound fertilizers are not chosen, then "the nitrogen ratio of the compound fertilizer is too high" can be prompted (compound fertilizer single application);

[0193] (2) If a < A, then there are three cases

[0194] 1. If (A - a) ≤ 15 kg / hm 2 , then supplement the insufficient urea, and the amount of urea to be supplemented = (A - a) / 0.46. The application of base fertilizer is completed, and no nitrogen topdressing is required (compound fertilizer + supplementary urea are applied as base fertilizer at one time).

[0195] At this time: All potassium fertilizers are also applied as base fertilizer at one time, and then enter the judgment of potassium fertilizer topdressing.

[0196] If c ≥ C, then no other potassium fertilizers need to be applied.

[0197] If c < C, the insufficient potassium in the compound fertilizer is supplemented with potassium sulfate, and the amount of potassium sulfate to be supplemented = (C - c) / 0.5

[0198] 2. If a < A × base fertilizer ratio, then supplement the insufficient nitrogen in the base fertilizer with urea = (A × base fertilizer ratio - a) / 0.46. The task of applying base fertilizer nitrogen is completed. Enter the next topdressing step, and the topdressing is carried out according to the ratio and number of times set according to the soil fertility level. The amount of topdressing each time = A × topdressing ratio / 0.46.

[0199] 3. If a > A × base fertilizer ratio, then the amount of base fertilizer is a, and the application of base fertilizer is completed; enter the topdressing step, and the topdressing is carried out according to the number of times set according to the soil fertility level. The amount of topdressing each time is re - distributed according to the remaining nitrogen ratio. For example, if the nitrogen brought in by the compound fertilizer base fertilizer is 80 kg / hm 2 , which has exceeded the set topdressing amount of 60 kg / hm 2 , then the remaining nitrogen = recommended total amount 180 - 80 = 100 kg / hm 2 , if nitrogen fertilizer is applied four times, with a ratio of 30:30:20:20, there are 3 topdressings, and the remaining topdressing ratio is 30:20:20. Then the nitrogen for the first topdressing = (A - a) × (30 / (30 + 20 + 20)) = 100 × 30 / 70 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen for the second topdressing = (A - a) × (20 / (30 + 20 + 20)) = 100 × 20 / 70 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen for the third topdressing = (A - a) × (20 / (30 + 20 + 20)) = 100 × 20 / 70 kg / hm 2 .

[0200] At this time:

[0201] If A - a - nitrogen for the first topdressing < 15 kg / hm 2 , then no more nitrogen topdressing is required, and the insufficient nitrogen = (A - a - nitrogen for the first topdressing) / 0.46. The task of applying nitrogen fertilizer is completed.

[0202] Otherwise, enter the next topdressing step, and the judgment conditions are类推d in the same way.

[0203] S806, Potassium Fertilizer Topdressing: If nitrogen meets the requirements of split application, judge the potassium application rate.

[0204] (1) If c > C, no more potassium fertilizer needs to be applied. If the difference between the two (c - C) ≥ 15 kg / hm², the potassium brought by the compound fertilizer is too high. The NE system recommends choosing other compound fertilizers. If other compound fertilizers are not selected, the NE system still recommends, but a pop-up window shows "The potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer is too high".

[0205] (2) If c > C × base fertilizer ratio, topdressing is carried out according to the number of times set according to the soil fertility level, and the topdressing amount each time is redistributed according to the remaining potassium ratio. For example, if the potassium brought by the compound fertilizer base fertilizer is 60 kg / hm 2 , which has exceeded the set top-dressing amount of 40 kg / hm 2 , then the remaining potassium = recommended total amount 150 - 60 = 90 kg / hm 2 , if potassium fertilizer is applied three times, with a ratio of 40:40:20 and 2 topdressings, the remaining ratio is: 40:20. The potassium for the first topdressing = (C - c) × (40 / (40 + 20)) = 90 × 40 / 60 kg / hm 2 , the potassium for the second topdressing = (C - c) × (20 / (40 + 20)) = 90 × 20 / 60 kg / hm 2 .

[0206] At this time:

[0207] If C - c - potassium for the first topdressing < 15 kg / hm 2 , then no more potassium topdressing is needed, and the insufficient part is supplemented with potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride = (C - c - c1) / 0.5. The potassium fertilizer application task is completed.

[0208] Otherwise, enter the next topdressing step.

[0209] (3) If c < C × base fertilizer ratio, fertilize according to the original fertilization ratio at this time. If potassium fertilizer is applied three times, with a ratio of 40:40:20 and 2 topdressings, the remaining ratio is: 40:20. There is no need to adjust the topdressing potassium ratio. Then the potassium for the first topdressing = C × the first topdressing potassium ratio, and the potassium for the second topdressing = C × the second topdressing potassium ratio.

[0210] Determination of Fertilization Position

[0211] This plan implements the 4R nutrient management principle, that is, using the appropriate fertilizer variety, applying it at the appropriate fertilization time and at the appropriate fertilization position.

[0212] NE Processing Tomato Fertilization Position Recommendation:

[0213] 3] Base fertilizer: Broadcast before sowing, then mix with soil and apply deeply

[0214] Topdressing: Apply fertilizer with drip irrigation water, using water to adjust the fertilizer concentration.

[0215] Example 2

[0216] In 2023, the second pastoral team of Wusuhatubuhu Town planted corn as the preceding crop.

[0217] 1. First, confirm the residual nutrient effect of the previous season: The previous season's corn yield was 0.8t, and the nitrogen fertilizer input was 360kg / hm. 2 Phosphate fertilizer 210 kg / hm 2 Potassium fertilizer 100 kg / hm 2 The straw return rate was 0.9%.

[0218] Nutrient removal from the previous season = Grain removal from the previous season + Straw removal from the previous season;

[0219] Phosphorus removal from previous season's crop grains = Previous season's yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Phosphorus conversion factor = 0.8 × 4.5 × 0.79 × 2.292 = 6.52 kg / hm² 2

[0220] Phosphorus removal from previous season's crop straw = Previous season's yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - Phosphorus nutrient harvest index) × (1 - Return-to-soil ratio) × Phosphorus conversion factor = 0.8 × 4.5 × (1 - 0.79) × 2.292 = 1.73 kg / hm² 2

[0221] Residual phosphorus effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.1 = (210 - (6.52 + 1.73)) × 0.1 = 20.17 kg / hm 2

[0222] Potassium removal from previous season's crop grains = Previous season's yield × RIEK × Potassium nutrient harvest index × Potassium conversion factor = 0.8 × 17.6 × 0.79 × 1.205 = 13.40 kg / hm² 2

[0223] Potassium removal from previous season's crop straw = Previous season's yield × RIEK × (1 - Potassium Nutrient Harvest Index) × (1 - Return-to-soil ratio) × Potassium conversion factor = 0.8 × 17.6 × (1 - 0.79) × 1.205 = 3.56 kg / hm 2

[0224] Potassium residual effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.5 = (100 - 16.96) × 0.5 = 41.52 kg / hm² 2

[0225] 2. Determine the target output:

[0226] The average yield of farmers in the vicinity over the past 5 years was 138 tons.

[0227] Target yield = Average yield per farmer over 5 years × 1.05 = 145t

[0228] 3. Determine the reaction for processing tomato yield:

[0229] The soil nutrient supply level of this plot was measured to be low, with a nitrogen fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.414, a phosphorus fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.38, and a potassium fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.282.

[0230] Nitrogen fertilizer yield response = Target yield × Nitrogen fertilizer yield response coefficient = 145 × 0.414 = 60.03 kg / hm² 2

[0231] Phosphate fertilizer yield response = Target yield × Phosphate fertilizer yield response coefficient = 145 × 0.38 = 55.1 kg / hm² 2

[0232] Potash fertilizer yield response = target yield × potash fertilizer yield response coefficient = 145 × 0.282 = 40.89 kg / hm 2

[0233] 4. Determining the amount of chemical fertilizer to be applied:

[0234] The amount of nitrogen applied should be determined based on the yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer:

[0235] Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg N / hm2) = yield response (t / hm) 2 () / agronomic efficiency (kg / kg) × 1000 = 60.03 / (-0.0158 × 60.03) 2 +3.7797×60.03+7.6343)×1000=338.0205 kg / hm 2

[0236] The amount of phosphorus to be applied should be determined based on the yield response of phosphate fertilizer, crop migration (to maintain soil balance), and the residual effect of phosphorus from the previous season.

[0237] Phosphorus application rate (FP, kgP2O5 / hm) 2 = Phosphorus requirement for yield response + (Phosphorus removed from crops - Residual phosphorus from the previous season)

[0238] = Yield reaction × 2.95 + (Target yield × 0.111 - Residual phosphorus effect from the previous season)

[0239] =55.1×2.95+(145×0.111-20.17488)=158.4651 kg / hm 2

[0240] Potassium application should be considered based on three factors: potassium production response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and the residual potassium effect from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application, in addition to considering the amount removed from fruit production, also needs to account for the return of some straw.

[0241] Potassium application rate (FK, kg K2O / hm) 2 = Potassium requirement for yield response + (Potassium from crop removal - Potassium residual from previous season)

[0242] = Potassium fertilizer yield response × (potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / potassium nutrient recovery rate × 1.205) + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × potassium nutrient harvest index × 1.205 × proportion of returned fruit removal + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - fruit potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - straw return rate) × 1.205 - residual potassium effect of the previous season;

[0243] =Potassium fertilizer yield response × 3.62 + Target yield × 0.46 + Target yield × (1 - S%) × 0.71 - Last season's residual potassium yield = 40.89 × 3.62 + 145 × 0.46 + 145 × (1 - 0.9) × 0.0.71 - 41.5168 = 183.5 kg / hm² 2

[0244] 5. Comparison between the NE expert recommendation system and farmers' average yield:

[0245] NE nutrient experts recommend the following fertilizer application rate (N 338 kg / hm²) 2 P2O5 158 kg / hm 2 K2O: 183 kg / hm 2 The yield was 123.18 tons, consistent with farmers' usual fertilization practices, with a nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 201.6 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 108 kg / hm2, and the application rate of potassium fertilizer is 150 kg / hm2. 2 Under these conditions, the average yield was 116.65t, an increase of 5.59%.

[0246] Example 3

[0247] In 2022, in Xingfu Village, Erliugong Town, Changji, the preceding crop was wheat.

[0248] 1. First, confirm the residual nutrient effect of the previous season: The wheat yield of the previous season was 0.35t, and the nitrogen fertilizer input was 450kg / hm. 2 Phosphate fertilizer 250 kg / hm 2 Potassium fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 The straw return rate was 0.9%.

[0249] Nutrient removal from the previous season = Grain removal from the previous season + Straw removal from the previous season;

[0250] Phosphorus removal from previous season's crop grains = Previous season's yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Phosphorus conversion factor = 0.35 × 0.45 × 0.79 × 2.292 = 0.28 kg / hm² 2

[0251] Phosphorus removal from previous season's crop straw = Previous season's yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - Phosphorus nutrient harvest index) × (1 - Return-to-soil ratio) × Phosphorus conversion factor = 0.35 × 0.45 × (1 - 0.79) × 2.292 = 0.07 kg / hm² 2

[0252] Residual phosphorus effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.1 = (250 - (0.28 + 0.07)) × 0.1 = 24.64 kg / hm 2

[0253] Potassium removal from previous season's crop grains = Previous season's yield × Potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Potassium nutrient harvest index × Potassium conversion factor = 0.35 × 17.6 × 0.79 × 1.205 = 5.86 kg / hm² 2

[0254] Potassium removal from previous season's crop straw = Previous season's yield × Potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - Potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - Return-to-soil ratio) × Potassium conversion factor = 0.35 × 17.6 × (1 - 0.79) × 1.205 = 1.56 kg / hm 2

[0255] Potassium residual effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.5 = (120 - (5.86 + 1.56)) × 0.5 = 56.29 kg / hm² 2

[0256] 2. Determine the target output:

[0257] The average yield of farmers in the vicinity over the past 5 years was 114 tons.

[0258] Target yield = average yield per farmer over 5 years × 1.05 = 120t

[0259] 3. Determine the reaction for processing tomato yield:

[0260] The soil nutrient supply level of this plot was measured to be medium, with a nitrogen fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.352, a phosphorus fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.278, and a potassium fertilizer yield response coefficient of 0.176.

[0261] Nitrogen fertilizer yield response = Target yield × Nitrogen fertilizer yield response coefficient = 120 × 0.352 = 42.24 kg / hm 2

[0262] Phosphate fertilizer yield response = target yield × phosphate fertilizer yield response coefficient = 120 × 0.278 = 33.36 kg / hm 2

[0263] Potash fertilizer yield response = target yield × potash fertilizer yield response coefficient = 120 × 0.176 = 21.12 kg / hm 2

[0264] 4. Determining the amount of chemical fertilizer to be applied: The amount of nitrogen to be applied is determined based on the yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0265] Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg N / hm) 2 = Yield reaction (t / hm) 2 () / agronomic efficiency (kg / kg) × 1000 = 42.24 / (-0.0158 × 42.24) 2 +3.7797×42.24+7.6343)×1000=303.67 kg / hm 2

[0266] The amount of phosphorus to be applied should be determined based on the yield response of phosphate fertilizer, crop migration (to maintain soil balance), and the residual effect of phosphorus from the previous season.

[0267] Phosphorus application rate (FP, kg P2O5 / hm) 2 = Phosphorus requirement for yield response + (Phosphorus removed from crops - Residual phosphorus from the previous season)

[0268] =Phosphate fertilizer yield response × 2.95 + (Target yield × 0.111 - Residual phosphorus effect from the previous season)

[0269] =33.36×2.87+(120×0.111+24.63901)=158.46 kg / hm 2

[0270] Potassium application should be considered based on three factors: potassium production response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and residual potassium from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application, in addition to considering the return of 20% of fruit removal, also needs to consider the return of some straw removal.

[0271] Potassium application rate (FK, kg K2O / hm) 2 = Potassium requirement for yield response + (Potassium from crop removal - Potassium residual from previous season)

[0272] = Potassium fertilizer yield response × (potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / potassium nutrient recovery rate × 1.205) + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × potassium nutrient harvest index × 1.205 × proportion of returned fruit removal + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - fruit potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - straw return rate) × 1.205 - residual potassium effect of the previous season;

[0273] =Potassium fertilizer yield response × 3.62 + Target yield × 0.46 + Target yield × (1 - S%) × 0.71 - Last season's residual potassium effect) = 21.12 × 3.62 + 120 × 0.39 + 120 × (1 - 0.9) × 0.71 - 56.2886 = 83.88 kg / hm 2

[0274] 5. Comparison of NE Nutrient Expert Recommendation System with Farmers' Average Yield:

[0275] NE nutrient expert recommended fertilizer application rate (N: 303 kg / hm) 2 P2O5: 158 kg / hm 2 K2O: 84 kg / hm 2 The yield was 201.21 tons, consistent with farmers' usual fertilization practices, with a nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 235 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of phosphate fertilizer was 262 kg / hm. 2 The potassium fertilizer application rate was 186 kg / hm². 2 Under these conditions, the average yield was 183.86 tons, an increase of 9.44%.

[0276] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A recommended fertilization method for processing tomatoes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the residual effect of nutrients from the previous season: Calculate the phosphorus and potassium residues based on the amount of nutrients removed from the previous season's crop and the amount of organic and chemical fertilizers applied to the previous season's crop. S2. Determine the target yield: Target yield = average yield of farmers over 5 years × 1.05; S3. Determine the yield response of processed tomatoes: The yield responses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are obtained by the yield difference between the treatment with sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium supply and the treatments with no nitrogen, no phosphorus, and no potassium respectively. If the yield response is unknown, skip to step S4. S4. Based on the indicators of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil test, determine the soil nutrient supply level. If there is no soil test result, skip to step S5 and then determine the yield response coefficient. Specifically, the yield response = target yield × yield response coefficient. S5. Determine the soil nutrient supply level based on the soil texture and color that have been entered; S6. Determination of fertilizer application rate: The amount of nitrogen applied is determined based on the yield response and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen application rate (FN, kg N / hm 2 ) = yield response (t / hm 2 ) / agronomic efficiency (kg / kg) x 1000; The amount of phosphorus to be applied should be determined based on the yield response of phosphate fertilizer, crop migration (to maintain soil balance), and the residual effect of phosphorus from the previous season. Phosphorus application rate (FP, kg P2O5 / hm) 2 = Phosphorus requirement for yield response + (Phosphorus removed from crops - Residual phosphorus from the previous season) = Phosphate fertilizer yield response × (Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / Phosphorus nutrient recovery rate × 2.292) + Target yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Proportion of returned fruit removal × 2.292 - Residual phosphorus effect of the previous season; Potassium application should be considered based on three factors: potassium production response, crop potassium removal (to maintain soil balance), and the residual potassium effect from the previous season. Unlike phosphorus application, potassium application, in addition to considering the amount removed from fruit production, also needs to account for the return of some straw. Potassium application rate = Potassium requirement for yield response + (Potassium from crop removal - Potassium residual effect from the previous season) = Potassium fertilizer yield response × (potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield / potassium nutrient recovery rate × 1.205) + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × potassium nutrient harvest index × 1.205 × proportion of returned fruit removal + target yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - straw return rate) × 1.205 - potassium residual effect of the previous season; Fertilization methods are recommended based on other micronutrients lacking in the soil; S7. Determining the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied: If organic fertilizer is to be applied, replace 10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer, then calculate the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer based on the amount of organic fertilizer used, and subtract the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer to finally determine the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer before sowing. S8. Determine the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing. If topdressing is applied to phosphate fertilizer, calculate based on the selected compound phosphate fertilizer variety. If topdressing is not applied to phosphate fertilizer, apply single-element fertilizers for nitrogen and potassium in all topdressing. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied does not meet the requirements, calculate the amount of topdressing according to the ratio of nitrogen and potassium in the compound fertilizer.

2. A method of recommending fertilization for processing tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1: Residual phosphorus effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.1; Potassium residual effect = (Nutrient input of organic and chemical fertilizers in the previous season's crop - Nutrient removal from the previous season's crop) × 0.5; in: The amount of organic and chemical fertilizers used in the previous season's crops was obtained based on actual survey data; Nutrient removal from the previous season = Grain removal from the previous season + Straw removal from the previous season; Phosphorus removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Phosphorus nutrient harvest index × Phosphorus conversion factor; Phosphorus removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × phosphorus nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - phosphorus nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × phosphorus conversion factor; Potassium removal from previous crop grains = Previous crop yield × Potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × Potassium nutrient harvest index × Potassium conversion factor; Potassium removal from crop straw in the previous season = previous season's yield × potassium nutrient requirement per unit of economic yield × (1 - potassium nutrient harvest index) × (1 - return to field ratio) × potassium conversion factor.

3. The recommended fertilization method for processing tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4: the critical values ​​for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil testing are: If available nitrogen is ≥120mg / kg, the grade will be upgraded to "medium" or "high" based on the "low" or "medium" organic matter test value; if available nitrogen is <90mg / kg, the grade will be downgraded to "medium" based on the "high" organic matter test value.

4. The recommended fertilization method for processing tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4: the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium yield response coefficients of processed tomatoes correspond to the soil nutrient supply level as follows: 。 5. The recommended fertilization method for processing tomato according to claim 1, wherein, In step S5: The specific principles for determining the soil nutrient supply level include: Low: Sandy soil (regardless of soil color); slightly yellow clay or loam; Medium: Gray / brown (or medium organic matter) clay or loam; High: Black clay or loam containing high amounts of organic matter and high fertility.

6. The recommended fertilization method for processed tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, recommended fertilization methods for those lacking other micronutrients include: If manganese is deficient, apply 20-25 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Manganese sulfate, or 0.2% manganese sulfate, or 800 times diluted potassium permanganate, or manganese-containing foliar fertilizer, spray once each during the seedling stage, early flowering stage, and full flowering stage; If boron is deficient, apply 5-10 kg / hm² as a base fertilizer. 2 Alternatively, apply 0.1%-0.2% borax solution to the leaves once during the initial flowering stage and once during the full bloom stage. Lack of element copper, then base 3 ~ 15 kg / hm 2 of copper sulfate, or with 0.02% of copper sulfate, or with copper-containing foliar fertilizer, each spray 1 time at seedling stage, early flowering stage, full flowering stage; Lack of element zinc, then base 6~8kg / hm 2 of zinc sulfate, or respectively in the initial flowering, flowering leaf face spray 0.2%~0.3% zinc sulfate solution; If iron is deficient, apply 30-50 kg / hm² as basal fertilizer. 2 Ferrous sulfate, or use iron-containing foliar fertilizer during the seedling stage; If there is a deficiency of molybdenum, spray the seedlings with a 0.05% to 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution 2 to 3 times during the seedling and early flowering stages, or use a foliar fertilizer containing molybdenum.

7. The recommended fertilization method for processing tomato according to claim 1, wherein, Step S7 specifically includes the following steps: S701. Determine the amount of organic fertilizer: Amount of organic fertilizer = Amount of nitrogen applied × 0.1 / Percentage of nitrogen content in organic fertilizer / Nitrogen release rate of organic fertilizer; S702. Determine the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer phosphorus = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer phosphorus percentage content × Organic fertilizer phosphorus release rate; Organic fertilizer potassium = Organic fertilizer application amount × Organic fertilizer potassium percentage content × Organic fertilizer potassium release rate; S703, Final fertilizer application rate: Nitrogen application rate = Recommended nitrogen application rate × 0.9; Phosphorus application rate = Recommended phosphorus application rate - Organic fertilizer phosphorus application rate; Potassium application rate = Recommended potassium application rate - Organic fertilizer potassium application rate; S704. Calculate the actual amount of fertilizer: Calculate the amount of fertilizer used based on phosphorus.

8. The method for recommending fertilization of processing tomato according to claim 1, wherein In step S8, the base fertilizer ratio (percentage) of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is as follows: 。

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