Potassium ion salt nutrient package for improving lactation performance of dairy cows and application thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-11
AI Technical Summary
然而，这可能危及奶牛的胃肠道健康，瘤胃的发酵模式发生改变，损害胃肠道微生物群的功能，抑制营养物质的消化利用，并降低胃肠道上皮细胞的吸收和屏障能力
本发明先通过人工瘤胃发酵产气技术探究最适K浓度和K来源组合，将KHCO3、K2CO3按照特定比例组合筛选，并与一定量的葡萄糖和酵母培养物组合，筛选出对瘤胃环境改善最有效的营养包组合配方，有效提高了饲料发酵后的消化率，以及瘤胃发酵环境中的总产气量，乙酸、丙酸等VFA含量。将筛选的较优的两种营养包组合饲喂给奶牛后，显著改善奶牛的泌乳性能和营养物质消化率。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal husbandry technology, and more specifically, to a potassium-containing ion salt nutrient package for improving the milk production performance of dairy cows and its application. Background Technology
[0002] For decades, global dairy cow milk production has increased almost linearly (FAOSTAT, 2025). Due to their high energy requirements, dairy cows are typically fed high-concentrate diets. However, this can jeopardize the gastrointestinal health of dairy cows, altering rumen fermentation patterns, impairing the function of the gut microbiota, inhibiting nutrient digestion and utilization, and reducing the absorption and barrier capacity of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method to improve rumen fermentation and production performance in dairy cows, and to effectively enhance their lactation performance. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a potassium-containing ion salt nutritional package for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows and its application.
[0004] Adding potassium to the diet can effectively regulate the acid-base balance of dairy cows, stabilize the rumen environment, and improve production performance such as milk yield and milk fat percentage, as well as feed efficiency. However, research on the combined effects and optimal ratio of KHCO3 and K2CO3 is currently lacking. Furthermore, the improvement in milk composition mainly focuses on increasing milk fat percentage, with little effect on regulating milk protein synthesis. Yeast can stabilize rumen pH, increase VFA production, and improve the rumen fermentation environment; glucose enhances dietary palatability, increases feed intake in ruminants, and promotes rumen fermentation. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop an optimal combination of potassium, yeast, and glucose in a nutritional supplement to regulate the acid-base balance of the diet, improve the rumen fermentation environment, and enhance nutrient digestibility, thereby improving dairy cow lactation performance from multiple dimensions.
[0005] To achieve the objective of this invention, in a first aspect, this invention provides a potassium-containing ion salt nutrient package for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows, the nutrient package comprising potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, glucose and yeast culture; The nutrient pack is added to the daily ration of lactating dairy cows at an amount of 1.8%-2.1% of the dry matter basis of the ration. In the diet, potassium bicarbonate was added at 0.56%-0.66% of the dietary dry matter basis, potassium carbonate at 0.19%-0.22% of the dietary dry matter basis, glucose at 0.75%-0.87% of the dietary dry matter basis, and yeast culture at 0.30%-0.35% of the dietary dry matter basis.
[0006] Preferably, the nutrient pack is added to the dairy cow's diet at an amount of 1.92% of the dry matter basis of the diet; In the diet, potassium bicarbonate was added at 0.60% of the dry matter basis, potassium carbonate at 0.20% of the dry matter basis, glucose at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture at 0.32% of the dry matter basis.
[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a potassium-containing ion salt nutrient package for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows, the nutrient package comprising potassium carbonate, glucose and yeast culture; The nutrient pack is added to the daily ration of lactating dairy cows at an amount of 1.8%-2.1% of the dry matter basis of the ration. In the diet, potassium carbonate was added at 0.75%-0.88% of the dry matter basis, glucose was added at 0.75%-0.88% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture was added at 0.30%-0.34% of the dry matter basis.
[0008] Preferably, the nutrient pack is added to the dairy cow's diet at an amount of 1.92% of the dry matter basis of the diet; In the diet, potassium carbonate was added at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, glucose was added at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture was added at 0.32% of the dry matter basis.
[0009] Furthermore, the yeast culture is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture with a viable count ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 4 CFU / g.
[0010] Thirdly, the present invention provides the use of the nutrient pack in the preparation of feed additives or feeds for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows.
[0011] Fourthly, the present invention provides the application of the nutritional package in the field of dairy farming.
[0012] Fifthly, the present invention provides a feed for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows, the feed comprising a basal diet and the nutrient package.
[0013] Furthermore, the basal diet is a total mixed ration for lactating dairy cows.
[0014] Sixthly, the present invention provides a method for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows, the method comprising: feeding dairy cows feed supplemented with the nutrient pack.
[0015] Furthermore, the improvement of dairy cow lactation performance includes, but is not limited to, increasing at least one of the following: dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein yield, rumen total volatile fatty acid concentration, rumen microbial protein content, and apparent digestibility of nutrients.
[0016] Potassium (K) is the third most abundant mineral in animals, and animals have the highest K requirement of all mineral cations. K participates in acid-base balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining normal cardiac and renal function; it is a major intracellular electrolyte. In dairy cow nutrition, K... + It is one of the minerals used to calculate the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Studies have shown that increased DCAD in the diets of lactating dairy cows can improve feed intake and milk production, and alleviate the effects of heat stress. Since metabolism and heat stress are acidifying, increased DCAD can increase the blood buffering capacity for H+. + In vitro studies have shown that K₂CO₃ supplementation is a major pathway for regulating the biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FAs), increasing the synthesis of trans-11-octadecenoic acid (trans-11 18:1) and cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9,trans-11 CLA) intermediates. Furthermore, studies have shown that K₂CO₃ can counteract the negative impact of high-concentrate diets on milk fat synthesis; additionally, with increasing dietary KHCO₃, the concentration of urea nitrogen in milk significantly decreases.
[0017] Studies have shown that adding yeast to dairy cow diets can influence rumen fermentation and improve the digestion and absorption of high-concentrate diets by the rumen microecosystem. Adding yeast to the diet can regulate the feeding behavior of dairy cows, thereby stabilizing rumen pH and the fermentation environment. Furthermore, yeast cultures have effects such as reducing negative energy balance, improving antioxidant capacity, enhancing immunity, and protecting the liver in early lactation dairy cows.
[0018] Soluble sugars are water-soluble carbohydrates, belonging to the non-cellulose carbohydrate category. They are composed of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, and lactose), and oligosaccharides. Ruminants prefer diets with a sweet aroma, so adding soluble sugars to their diets enhances sweetness and palatability, thereby increasing feed intake. Adding appropriate amounts of soluble sugars to dairy cow diets can improve the rumen fermentation environment.
[0019] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention first explores the optimal combination of potassium (K) concentration and sources using artificial rumen fermentation gas production technology. KHCO3 and K2CO3 were screened in specific ratios and combined with certain amounts of glucose and yeast culture to identify the most effective nutrient pack combination formula for improving the rumen environment. This effectively improved the digestibility of fermented feed, as well as the total gas production and VFA content (acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.) in the rumen fermentation environment. Feeding dairy cows with the two optimal nutrient pack combinations significantly improved their lactation performance and nutrient digestibility. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available products.
[0021] Example 1. Test materials The test materials included: KHCO3, K2CO3, glucose, yeast culture, and live yeast. K2CO3 and KHCO3 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Dayang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., respectively, and their English names are Potassium Carbonate and Potassium Bicarbonate, with K contents of 56% and 39%, respectively. Glucose was purchased from Fufeng Group Co., Ltd., and its English name is Dextrose Monohydrate, with a glucose content ≥99.0%. Yeast culture was purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., and its English name is Yeast Culture, with a brewer's yeast content ≥ 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 4 CFU / g, lead (as Pb) ≤ 20 mg / kg, total arsenic (as As) ≤ 5 mg / kg, recommended dosage 80~120 g / head·day. Live yeast was purchased from Wofengde (Nanyang) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the raw material composition is brewing yeast (active), the number of cells ≥20 billion cfu / g, recommended dosage 10~20 g / head·day.
[0022] 2. Test methods It consists of four parts: Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, and Experiment 4.
[0023] Experiments 1, 2, and 3 employed artificial rumen fermentation gas production technology to conduct gas production and in vitro fermentation experiments. Each gas production experiment had six replicates, and each in vitro fermentation experiment had four replicates. The culture substrate for the artificial rumen fermentation gas production experiment was a high-yielding dairy cow TMR diet formulated according to the standards of the "Chinese Dairy Cattle Feeding Standard" (NY / T 34) and NASEM (2021). Specific formulations and nutrient components are shown in Table 1. The measured indicators included gas production parameters (total gas production, gas production rate at half maximum gas production) at 48 h, VFA content, rumen nutrient degradation rates at 24 h and 48 h, nitrogen utilization fermentation parameters (NH3-N and MCP (microbial protein)), and pH. The optimal nutrient combination was ultimately determined based on these parameters.
[0024] Rumen fluid donor selection and collection. Four healthy Holstein lactating cows with similar lactation stages and body conditions (average parity 1.5, lactation days 88.3, body weight not measured) with rumen fistulas were selected. Rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding. The rumen fluid from the four cows was mixed in equal volumes, filtered through four layers of gauze, and placed in a thermos. After sampling, the samples were quickly brought back to the laboratory for later use.
[0025] Methods for determining in vitro gas production parameters. The substrate was prepared by air-drying and then pulverized through a 2 mm sieve. Six replicates were set up for each group, with 0.500 g of substrate sample accurately weighed for each replicate and placed in a fermentation flask. 50 mL of buffer solution (prepared according to the formula of Menke et al. (1988)) was added to each fermentation flask using a syringe. Then, 25 mL of rumen fluid was inoculated, and sufficient nitrogen gas was introduced into the flask. The flask was immediately sealed with a rubber stopper and placed in an ARGS-3 type in vitro fermentation gas production automatic recording device, connected to the gas collection channel. Continuous dynamic fermentation was carried out at 39°C for 48 h, and the gas production and the gas production rate at which half of the maximum gas production was reached were recorded.
[0026] Methods for determining pH, rumen degradation rate, and in vitro fermentation parameters. After preparing the substrate, air-dry the sample and pass it through a 2 mm sieve. Four replicates were set up for each group at each time point. For each replicate, 3 g of substrate sample was accurately weighed and placed in a fermentation flask, along with 75 mL of rumen fluid and 150 mL of buffer solution. The rumen nutrient degradation rate (including DM, CP, NDF, and ADF) and fermentation parameters (VFA, NH3-N, MCP, and pH) were measured at 24 h and 48 h. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the flask for 5 s, and the flask was immediately sealed with sealing film. A needle was inserted for ventilation, and the flask was incubated at 39°C. At 24 h and 48 h, the fermentation flask was removed and immediately placed in an ice-water mixture for 15 min to terminate fermentation, and the pH value was measured. The broth was filtered through a 0.05 mm nylon bag, and 50 mL of the filtered fermentation broth was stored at -20°C for the determination of VFA, NH3-N, and MCP concentrations. The residue in the nylon bag was repeatedly rinsed with distilled water until the water was clear. The residue was collected and dried at 65°C for 48 h to constant weight. The contents of DM, CP, NDF and ADF were determined, and the nutrient degradation rate was calculated.
[0027] Table 1. TMR formulations and nutrient composition of culture substrates for Experiments 1, 2, and 3
[0028] Note: Net energy for milk production and DCAD are calculated values, while other nutrient levels are measured values.
[0029] Experiment 4 selected 45 healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar parity (2.00±1.35), lactation days (117.78±8.69 d), and daily milk yield (29.97±6.08 kg / d). These cows were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. The optimal and second-optimal nutrient combinations obtained from previous experiments (specifically, Examples 11 and 13) were added to the basal diet at a ratio of 1.92% for a feeding trial. The basal diet is shown in Table 2. The pre-feeding period was 14 days, and the regular feeding period was 60 days. Feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, rumen fermentation, and digestibility were measured during the experiment.
[0030] Table 2. TMR formulation and nutrient composition of the basal diet in Experiment 4
[0031] Note: Net energy for milk production is a calculated value, while other nutritional levels are measured values.
[0032] 3. Comparative Examples and Implementation Examples In Experiment 1, five test substances—K2CO3, KHCO3, glucose, yeast culture, and live yeast—were added to the culture substrate separately according to the addition ratios recommended in actual production and literature. The control group served as the comparative group. The settings for each example are shown in Table 3.
[0033] Table 3. Proportion of single test substance added to culture substrate (mass percentage, DM basis)
[0034] In the five examples of Experiment 2, the composition of five test substances, namely KHCO3, K2CO3, glucose, yeast culture and live yeast, was added to the culture substrate (DM basis) at a ratio of 1.92%. The combination scheme of Examples 6 to 10 was to fix the addition ratio of yeast culture and glucose in Experiment 1, and then change the ratio of KHCO3 and K2CO3 in a gradient to determine the optimal combination of the two (Table 4).
[0035] Table 4. Proportion of test compound combinations added to culture substrate (mass percentage, DM basis)
[0036] Experiment 3 further combined the preferred embodiments with yeast culture or live yeast. Two optimal KHCO3 and K2CO3 combination ratios were selected from Examples 6-10 (specifically, the combination ratios of Examples 7 and 10), the glucose addition ratio was fixed, and further combined with yeast culture or live yeast to optimize the final nutrient package combination (Table 5).
[0037] Table 5. Proportion of test compound combinations added to culture substrate (mass percentage, DM basis)
[0038] The basal diet of Experiment 4 (Table 2) served as the control group, i.e., Comparative Example 2. Example 15 involved adding the nutrient pack composition of Example 11 to the basal diet at 1.92% of the dry matter basis, resulting in a 0.3% increase in dietary K levels. Example 16 involved adding the nutrient pack composition of Example 13 to the basal diet at 1.92% of the dry matter basis, resulting in a 0.3% increase in dietary K levels.
[0039] 4. Data Processing The raw data were processed using Excel software. Experiments 1 through 3 used ANOVA to analyze the differences in various indicators among different groups. Experiment 4 used a mixed model for statistical analysis and employed Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. P A value <0.05 indicates a significant difference. P A value <0.01 indicates a highly significant difference.
[0040] 5. Test Results 1) The results of the gas production test in Experiment 1 showed that Comparative Example 1 had the lowest cumulative gas production over 48 hours, at 58.63 mL / g, indicating that all additives may have the effect of promoting rumen fermentation. Example 5 had the highest cumulative gas production over 48 hours and the highest theoretical maximum gas production, at 77.09 mL / g and 83.12 mL / g, respectively, and was significantly higher than Comparative Example 1. P <0.05 indicates that K2CO3 needs to be included in subsequent composition screening. Example 1 showed the fastest gas production rate and the shortest time to reach half of the maximum gas production. Examples 1 and 5 showed the fastest gas production rates when reaching half of the maximum gas production, and these rates were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1. P <0.05), see Table 6.
[0041] Table 6 Gas generation kinetic parameters of additives
[0042] Note: GP 48 : 48h cumulative gas production (mL / g, DM), A: Theoretical maximum gas production (mL / g, DM), B: Peak of the gas production curve, C: Time to reach half of the maximum gas production (h), AGPR: Gas production rate to reach half of the maximum production (mL / h). Different lowercase letters in the superscript of peer data indicate significant differences. P <0.05), the same applies below.
[0043] The results of the in vitro fermentation experiments are shown in Tables 7-9. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the crude protein degradation rates at 24 h in Examples 2 and 4 and at 48 h in Example 5 were significantly improved.P <0.05); the NDF degradation rate in Examples 4 and 5 showed an increasing trend after 24 h ( P = 0.09), the ADF degradation rate of Example 5 after 24 h showed an increasing trend compared to Comparative Example 1 ( P = 0.06). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and total volatile acids in Examples 1-5 after 48 h were all significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1 ( P <0.01), propionic acid in Examples 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1 ( P <0.01).
[0044] Table 7 Degradation rates (%) of dry matter, CP, NDF and ADF after treatment
[0045] Table 8. pH, MCP, and N-NH3 at 24 and 48 h after treatment.
[0046] Table 9. VFA concentrations after 48 h of treatment
[0047] 2) The results of the gas production test in Experiment 2 showed that Comparative Example 1 had the lowest cumulative gas production over 48 hours, at 79.54 mL / g. Examples 7 and 10 had the highest cumulative gas production over 48 hours and the highest theoretical maximum gas production, at 95.46 mL / g, 92.99 mL / g, and 103.70 mL / g, 101.47 mL / g, respectively, and were significantly higher than Comparative Example 1. P <0.05), see Table 10. This indicates that Examples 7 and 10 are the preferred KHCO3 and K2CO3 combination modes for screening.
[0048] Table 10 Gas production kinetic parameters after 48 h of treatment
[0049] The results of the in vitro fermentation experiments in Experiment 2 are shown in Tables 11-13. Based on the combined results of all indicators, Example 7 significantly improved the cumulative gas production at 48 h, the CP degradation rate at 24 h and 48 h, and the volatile acid content at 48 h; Example 10 significantly improved the cumulative gas production at 48 h, the dry matter degradation rate at 24 h and 48 h, the CP degradation rate at 24 h and 48 h, and the volatile acid content at 48 h. Examples 7 and 10 were further screened for combination experiments with different yeast types.
[0050] Table 11 Degradation rates (%) of dry matter, CP, NDF and ADF after treatment
[0051] Table 12 pH, MCP, and N-NH3 at 24 h and 48 h after treatment
[0052] Table 13 VFA concentrations after 48 h of treatment
[0053] 3) The gas production test results of Experiment 3 show that the cumulative gas production over 48 hours in Examples 11, 13, and 14 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1. P <0.05), see Table 14.
[0054] Table 14 Gas production kinetic parameters after 48 h of treatment
[0055] The results of the in vitro fermentation experiment in Experiment 3 are shown in Tables 15-17. Example 11 significantly improved the cumulative gas production at 48 h, the CP degradation rate at 24 h and 48 h, and the volatile acid content at 48 h. Considering its cost advantage, it was the optimal nutrient pack combination screened from Experiments 1 to 3. Example 13 significantly improved the cumulative gas production at 48 h, the dry matter and CP degradation rate at 24 h and 48 h, and the volatile acid content at 48 h, making it the second-best nutrient pack combination screened from Experiments 1 to 3.
[0056] Table 15 Degradation rates (%) of dry matter, CP, NDF and ADF after treatment
[0057] Table 16 pH, MCP, and N-NH3 at 24 h and 48 h after treatment
[0058] Table 17 VFA concentrations after 48 h of treatment
[0059] 4) In Experiment 4, dairy cows were fed the nutrient pack combinations from Examples 13 and 11, resulting in Examples 15 and 16. The results of lactation performance showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows in Examples 15 and 16 were 22.2 and 22.5 kg / d, respectively, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 by 11.6% and 13.1%. P< 0.001). The milk yield of dairy cows in Examples 15 and 16 was 34.67 and 34.37 kg / d, respectively, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 by 11.3% and 10.3%. P<The milk yield of Example 16 was 4.19%, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 by 11.1%, and significantly higher than that of Example 15 by 0.001%. The milk protein yield of cows in Examples 15 and 16 was 1087.9 and 1076.8 g / d, respectively, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 by 13.5% and 12.3%. P =0.042). There were no differences in milk fat yield, milk protein percentage, lactose percentage, total solids content, feed efficiency, and somatic cell count among the three groups (see Table 18).
[0060] Table 18 Effects of dietary supplementation with nutrient packs on dry matter intake and lactation performance in dairy cows
[0061] Note: Data are expressed as mean. Different lowercase letters in the superscript of data from the same period indicate significant differences. P <0.05), the same applies below.
[0062] The results of the treatment on rumen fermentation in dairy cows showed that, in terms of volatile fatty acids, the concentrations of total VFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid in the rumen fluid of Examples 15 and 16 were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 2. P <0.05), with total VFA reaching 92.34 mmol / L and 94.21 mmol / L, respectively, significantly higher than control group 2 by 5.0% and 7.1% ( ). P <0.01). The rumen microbial protein content of Examples 15 (86.11 mg / mL) and 16 (87.15 mg / mL) was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 (79.23 mg / mL). P <0.05). See Table 19.
[0063] Table 19 Effects of dietary supplementation on rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows
[0064] All treatments significantly affected the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Compared with Comparative Example 2 (67.27%) and Example 15 (70.18%), Example 16 significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dry matter in dairy cows (74.81%). P <0.01). The apparent digestibility of CP in Example 16 (80.97%) was significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 2 (76.58%) and Example 15 (77.84%). P <0.01). Regarding feed fiber digestibility, the NDF and ADF digestibility of Example 16 (59.97% and 61.97%) was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 (48.81% and 47.79%). P <0.01). The experimental results are shown in Table 20.
[0065] Table 20 Effect of dietary supplementation with nutrient packs on apparent nutrient digestibility in dairy cows (%)
[0066] In summary, the present invention optimally provides a potassium-containing cation salt nutrient package for improving dairy cow production performance (Examples 11 and 16). The nutrient package is added to the daily diet of lactating dairy cows at a ratio of 1.92% (DM basis). The proportions of each component of the nutrient package, KHCO3, K2CO3, glucose, and yeast culture, in the daily diet of lactating dairy cows are 0.60%, 0.20%, 0.80%, and 0.32%, respectively.
[0067] The present invention provides a potassium cation salt nutrient package for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows (Examples 13 and 15). The nutrient package is added to the daily diet of lactating dairy cows at a ratio of 1.92% (DM basis). The proportions of each component of the nutrient package, K2CO3, glucose and yeast culture, are added to the daily diet of lactating dairy cows at 0.80%, 0.80% and 0.32%, respectively.
[0068] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A potassium ion salt containing nutrient package for improving the lactation performance of a dairy cow, characterized in that, The nutrient package contains potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, glucose, and yeast culture; The nutrient pack is added to the daily ration of lactating dairy cows at an amount of 1.8%-2.1% of the dry matter basis of the ration. In the diet, potassium bicarbonate was added at 0.56%-0.66% of the dietary dry matter basis, potassium carbonate at 0.19%-0.22% of the dietary dry matter basis, glucose at 0.75%-0.87% of the dietary dry matter basis, and yeast culture at 0.30%-0.35% of the dietary dry matter basis.
2. The nutritional packet of claim 1, wherein, The nutrient pack is added to the dairy cow's diet at 1.92% of the dry matter basis of the diet; In the diet, potassium bicarbonate was added at 0.60% of the dry matter basis, potassium carbonate at 0.20% of the dry matter basis, glucose at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture at 0.32% of the dry matter basis.
3. A potassium ion salt containing nutritional package for improving the lactation performance of a dairy cow, characterized in that, The nutrient package contains potassium carbonate, glucose, and yeast culture; The nutrient pack is added to the daily ration of lactating dairy cows at an amount of 1.8%-2.1% of the dry matter basis of the ration. In the diet, potassium carbonate was added at 0.75%-0.88% of the dry matter basis, glucose was added at 0.75%-0.88% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture was added at 0.30%-0.34% of the dry matter basis.
4. The nutritional packet of claim 3, wherein, The nutrient pack is added to the dairy cow's diet at 1.92% of the dry matter basis of the diet; In the diet, potassium carbonate was added at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, glucose was added at 0.80% of the dry matter basis, and yeast culture was added at 0.32% of the dry matter basis.
5. The nutritional packet of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The yeast culture is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture with a viable count ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 4 CFU / g.
6. Any of the following applications of the nutritional pack according to any one of claims 1-5: (1) Application in the preparation of feed additives or feeds for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows; (2) Application in the dairy farming field.
7. A feed for improving the lactation performance of a dairy cow, characterized in that, The feed comprises a basal diet and a nutrient package as described in any one of claims 1-5.
8. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The basal diet is a total mixed ration for lactating dairy cows.
9. A method of improving the lactational performance of a dairy cow, characterized in that, The method includes feeding dairy cows the feed as described in claim 7 or 8.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein, Improving dairy cow lactation performance includes increasing at least one of the following: dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein production, rumen total volatile fatty acid concentration, rumen microbial protein content, and apparent digestibility of nutrients.