Compound feed for relieving weaning diarrhea and enteritis of piglets and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a compound feed for alleviating weaning diarrhea and enteritis in piglets and its preparation method, belonging to the field of livestock and poultry feed technology. The compound feed includes a basal feed and indole-3-propionic acid, wherein the amount of indole-3-propionic acid added is 100–200 mg per kilogram of piglet body weight. The compound feed of this invention can alleviate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets, enhance intestinal barrier function, and reduce the economic losses caused by post-weaning diarrhea in piglets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry feed technology, specifically relating to a compound feed for alleviating weaning diarrhea and enteritis in piglets and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale pig farming, piglet diarrhea is a common disease with complex etiologies. Post-weaning diarrhea, in particular, is not caused by a single factor, but rather by the interaction of multiple factors, including physiological processes, pathogens, nutrition, and the environment. Currently, the incidence of this disease remains high in large-scale pig farms. Affected piglets often exhibit growth retardation and decreased feed utilization, and in severe cases, it can directly lead to piglet mortality, hindering the sustainable and healthy development of the pig farming industry.

[0003] Indole-3-propionic acid (ICA), an important small-molecule metabolite produced by gut microbiota through the metabolism of Trp, has attracted considerable attention in recent years in the field of host-microbe interaction research. ICA is primarily produced by certain Clostridium species (such as Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium botulinum) carrying the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene, through the metabolism of Trp. As a small-molecule metabolite with multiple biological activities, ICA can act as a potent free radical scavenger, exerting antioxidant effects, and also as a natural ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), indirectly regulating host physiological functions by activating downstream signaling pathways. Previous studies have found that ICA exhibits potential protective effects in various diseases, including malignant tumors, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting its important role in maintaining host health. In addition, indole-3-propionic acid has the characteristics of simple molecular structure and low molecular weight, making it easy to prepare and control artificially. Therefore, it has important development value and broad application prospects in animal husbandry production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound feed for alleviating weaning diarrhea and enteritis in piglets and its preparation method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A compound feed for alleviating weaning diarrhea and enteritis in piglets, characterized in that it comprises a basal feed and indole-3-propionic acid, wherein the amount of indole-3-propionic acid added is 100–200 mg per kilogram of piglet body weight.

[0007] Further, the basic feed, by weight percentage, comprises: 50-55% corn, 16-18% soybean meal, 8-12% extruded soybeans, 8-12% broken rice, 2-3% fishmeal, 0.2-0.4% lysine, 0.1-0.2% sodium chloride, 0.05-0.15% limestone, 0.3-0.4% dicalcium phosphate, 0.02-0.04% phytase, 0.04-0.06% methionine, 0.06-0.1% threonine, 0.3-0.4% oilseed meal, 4-6% micronutrients, and 1-2% premix, totaling 100%.

[0008] Further, the premix comprises: vitamin A 10000-14000 IU, vitamin D3 1000-1400 IU, vitamin E 20-40 IU, vitamin K 2-3 mg, vitamin B1 2000-2200 μg, vitamin B12 80-100 μg, vitamin B2 8-12 mg, vitamin B6 6-10 mg, niacin 30 mg, D-pantothenic acid 60 mg, folic acid 1-2 mg, biotin 0.3-0.5 mg, iron 100-200 mg, zinc 100-110 mg, manganese 20-40 mg, copper 20-30 mg, iodine 0.4-0.6 mg, and selenium 0.2-0.4 mg.

[0009] Furthermore, the iron element comes from ferrous sulfate monohydrate; the zinc element comes from zinc sulfate monohydrate; the manganese element comes from manganese sulfate monohydrate; the copper element comes from copper sulfate pentahydrate; the iodine element comes from calcium iodate; and the selenium element comes from sodium selenite.

[0010] A method for preparing the compound feed involves adding indole-3-propionic acid to a base feed and mixing them thoroughly.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) The compound feed containing indole-3-propionic acid of the present invention can alleviate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets, especially in the 21-35 day age stage, and can significantly reduce the diarrhea index of piglets. At the same time, it can increase serum immunoglobulin, significantly increase the content of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A, and improve intestinal morphology.

[0013] (2) This invention utilizes the immunomodulatory activity of indole-3-propionic acid to prepare feed additives that do not contain antibiotics or hormones, ensuring safety and reducing economic losses during piglet rearing. The use of indole-3-propionic acid can avoid the problems of antibiotic resistance and drug residues, which is in line with the development trend of green and ecological farming. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 These are photomicrographs of the intestinal morphology of weaned piglets with different concentrations of indole-3-propionic acid.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a statistical bar chart showing the effect of different amounts of indole-3-propionic acid on the morphology of the jejunum in weaned piglets.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a statistical bar chart showing the effects of different concentrations of indole-3-propionic acid on the morphology of the ileum in weaned piglets.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a statistical bar chart showing the effect of different amounts of indole-3-propionic acid on the colon morphology of weaned piglets. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are clearly and completely described below, but the implementation of the invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art; the experimental methods used are all conventional methods; and the materials, reagents, instruments, etc. used are all commercially available. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following content needs to be specifically explained:

[0019] Indole-3-propionic acid was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The 21-day-old weaned piglets were of the Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred pig breed.

[0020] Comparative Example 1: A piglet feed, the specific preparation method of which is as follows:

[0021] A control feed was prepared by mixing 52.6% corn, 17.6% soybean meal, 10% extruded soybeans, 10% broken rice, 2.36% fishmeal, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% sodium chloride, 0.08% limestone, 0.36% dicalcium phosphate, 0.03% phytase, 0.05% methionine, 0.08% threonine, 0.36% oilseed meal, 5% micronutrients, and 1% premix.

[0022] Example 1: A feed for alleviating diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets, the specific preparation method of which is as follows:

[0023] The basic feed is prepared by mixing 52.6% corn, 17.6% soybean meal, 10% extruded soybeans, 10% broken rice, 2.36% fishmeal, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% sodium chloride, 0.08% limestone, 0.36% dicalcium phosphate, 0.03% phytase, 0.05% methionine, 0.08% threonine, 0.36% oilseed meal, 5% micronutrients, and 1% premix.

[0024] Add 100 mg of indole-3-propionic acid to the basic feed according to the weight of weaned piglets, mix, and obtain compound feed 1 to relieve diarrhea and enteritis in weaned piglets.

[0025] Example 2: A feed to alleviate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets, the specific preparation method of which is as follows:

[0026] The basic feed is prepared by mixing 52.6% corn, 17.6% soybean meal, 10% extruded soybeans, 10% broken rice, 2.36% fishmeal, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% sodium chloride, 0.08% limestone, 0.36% dicalcium phosphate, 0.03% phytase, 0.05% methionine, 0.08% threonine, 0.36% oilseed meal, 5% micronutrients, and 1% premix.

[0027] Add 200 mg of indole-3-propionic acid to the basic feed according to the weight of weaned piglets, mix, and obtain compound feed 2 to relieve diarrhea and enteritis in weaned piglets.

[0028] Feeding and Management: Piglets were housed in individual pens within the same pigsty. Prior to the trial, the pigsty was thoroughly cleaned and disinfected according to the pigsty management procedures. Piglets had free access to powdered feed and water. During the trial, the pigsty was kept clean and dry, with good air circulation, and the pens were cleaned daily.

[0029] Effect evaluation and sample testing: (1) Diarrhea rate: Based on the fecal condition, the diarrhea of ​​pigs was recorded daily, and the diarrhea index was calculated as the sum of diarrhea scores over two weeks / number of pigs; (2) Growth performance: The average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of piglets were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated as the total feed intake / total weight gain; (3) Serum sample collection and immunoglobulin level detection: One day before the end of the experiment, piglets were allowed free access to water and fasted for 12 hours. After the experiment, blood was collected by puncture of the anterior vena cava, and serum samples were separated. The contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum samples of piglets were detected using an ELISA kit. Jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were collected, and the contents of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the intestine were detected using an ELISA kit. The results are shown in Tables 1-3; (4) Intestinal morphology: After the experiment, the jejunum, ileum, and colon of piglets were collected and quickly transferred to centrifuge tubes containing 4% paraformaldehyde fixative for fixation. The results are shown in Tables 1-3. Figure 1-4 .

[0030] Data analysis: One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Duncan's multiple comparison analysis was used for inter-group differences. Different superscript letters indicate that P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are presented as "mean ± standard error".

[0031] Table 1 Diarrhea Index

[0032]

[0033] Table 2 Serum Immunoglobulin Levels

[0034]

[0035] Table 3. Levels of intestinal secretory immunoglobulins

[0036]

[0037] From Table 1-3 and Figure 1-4 It is evident that the immune-enhancing and anti-diarrheal weaning feed for piglets provided by this invention can significantly increase the levels of serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM in piglets, thereby enhancing the body's immune performance; reduce the diarrhea rate in weaned piglets; improve the intestinal immune level of piglets; and improve intestinal morphology. Adding indole-3-propionic acid to the feed can effectively alleviate the occurrence of post-weaning diarrhea, increase breeding efficiency, and has a good demonstration effect for widespread application.

[0038] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A compound feed for alleviating weaning diarrhea and enteritis in piglets, characterized in that, It includes a basal feed and indole-3-propionic acid, wherein the amount of indole-3-propionic acid added is 100–200 mg per kilogram of piglet body weight.

2. The composite feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic feed, by weight percentage, includes: corn 50-55%, soybean meal 16-18%, extruded soybeans 8-12%, broken rice 8-12%, fish meal 2-3%, lysine 0.2-0.4%, sodium chloride 0.1-0.2%, limestone powder 0.05-0.15%, dicalcium phosphate 0.3-0.4%, phytase 0.02-0.04%, methionine 0.04-0.06%, threonine 0.06-0.1%, oilseed meal 0.3-0.4%, micronutrient supplement 4-6%, premix 1-2%, totaling 100%.

3. The compound feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The premix comprises: Vitamin A 10000-14000 IU, Vitamin D3 1000-1400 IU, Vitamin E 20-40 IU, Vitamin K 2-3 mg, Vitamin B1 2000-2200 μg, Vitamin B12 80-100 μg, Vitamin B2 8-12 mg, Vitamin B6 6-10 mg, Niacin 30 mg, D-pantothenic acid 60 mg, Folic acid 1-2 mg, Biotin 0.3-0.5 mg, Iron 100-200 mg, Zinc 100-110 mg, Manganese 20-40 mg, Copper 20-30 mg, Iodine 0.4-0.6 mg, and Selenium 0.2-0.4 mg.

4. The composite feed according to claim 3, characterized in that, The iron element comes from ferrous sulfate monohydrate; the zinc element comes from zinc sulfate monohydrate; the manganese element comes from manganese sulfate monohydrate; the copper element comes from copper sulfate pentahydrate; the iodine element comes from calcium iodate; and the selenium element comes from sodium selenite.

5. A method for preparing a compound feed as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Indole-3-propionic acid is added to the basic feed and mixed evenly to obtain the final product.

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