Photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting apparatus

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic panel recycling technology, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic panel waste sorting device. It includes a frame with an inclined rectangular box mounted on it. A feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism are respectively located on both sides of the rectangular box. A parallel separation plate and a sieve plate are installed inside the rectangular box, with the separation plate positioned above the sieve plate. This invention addresses the physical difference in thickness between glass wafers and silicon wafers by employing a sieve plate separation method to achieve efficient separation. When the mixture passes through separation holes with specific gaps, thinner silicon wafers can pass through the separation plate, while thicker glass fragments are retained. This achieves selective separation of silicon wafers and glass wafers based on their thickness difference, offering significant advantages such as simple process, high separation efficiency, and low processing cost. It provides a new technical path for the high-value recycling of glass and silicon wafers in retired photovoltaic modules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel recycling technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the global energy transition strategy, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation continues to grow rapidly. The resource recycling of retired photovoltaic modules has become a critical issue that the industry urgently needs to address. A typical photovoltaic module structure consists of tempered glass, EVA film, silicon solar cells, and a backsheet, tightly bonded together through a high-temperature lamination process. Glass accounts for approximately 75%, and silicon for approximately 4%, both possessing high recycling value. To achieve efficient recycling of these valuable materials, it is essential to first break down the adhesive properties of the EVA film to dissociate the components. Thermal treatment is currently a widely used technical approach, using medium-temperature pyrolysis to decompose and carbonize the organic encapsulation material, thereby obtaining a mixture primarily composed of glass and silicon wafers. However, in the glass-silicon mixture formed after pyrolysis, the silicon wafers often break into small fragments (approximately 5mm in size).

[0003] However, after in-depth research, the inventors discovered that although glass and silicon wafers are similar in density and planar size, they have significant differences in thickness. The typical thickness of photovoltaic glass is 3.2 mm, while the thickness of small-sized silicon wafers is only about 0.1-0.2 mm, a difference of more than 15 times. Therefore, glass and silicon wafers can be selectively separated based on the thickness difference. To this end, a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device, including a frame, on which an inclined rectangular box is installed, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism are respectively provided on both sides of the rectangular box, a parallel separation plate and a sieve plate are installed inside the rectangular box, the separation plate is located above the sieve plate, and a toggle mechanism located above the separation plate is installed on the rectangular box; The separation plate has multiple through holes distributed at equal intervals, and the top of the separation plate is equipped with multiple arc-shaped covers distributed at equal intervals. The multiple arc-shaped covers are located above the corresponding through holes, and the arc-shaped covers have separation holes that communicate with the through holes. The actuating mechanism includes multiple levers that are rotatably mounted above the separation plate.

[0006] Preferably, both sides of the rectangular box are flexibly connected to the frame one by multiple springs, and both sides of the frame one are fixedly installed with excitation motors.

[0007] Preferably, the actuating mechanism includes two side plates fixed through both sides of the rectangular box, with multiple rotating shafts rotatably mounted through both side plates. The two sides of the multiple actuating plates are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating shafts. The actuating mechanism also includes hinge seats fixed to both sides of the rectangular box, with telescopic rods hinged to both hinge seats. The piston rod ends of the two telescopic rods are hinged to L-shaped frames. The multiple rotating shafts are all hinged to the adjacent L-shaped frames through swing arms.

[0008] Preferably, the distance between the bottom of the multiple deflectors and the separation plate increases sequentially from the discharge mechanism to the feeding mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a second frame disposed on one side of the first frame, a transfer box fixedly installed on the second frame, a discharge port opened on the side of the transfer box near the rectangular box, and a discharge port adapted to the discharge port opened on the side of the rectangular box near the feeding mechanism, the discharge port being located above the separation plate, and a three-way hopper fixedly connected to the second frame being fixedly installed on the top of the transfer box.

[0010] Preferably, the rectangular box has an opening on the side near the discharge mechanism. The discharge mechanism includes a discharge box fixedly connected to the opening side of the rectangular box. The discharge box has an opening on the side near the rectangular box. A partition plate 1 is fixedly installed inside the discharge box. A partition plate 2 is fixedly installed on the side of the discharge box near the rectangular box. A discharge hopper 2 and a discharge hopper 1 are fixedly installed through the discharge box on the side away from the rectangular box. The discharge hopper 1 and the discharge hopper 2 are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the first partition is flush with the top of the separating plate, the top of the second partition is flush with the top of the screen plate, the bottom and inner wall of the second discharge hopper are flush with the bottom inner wall of the discharge box, and the bottom inner wall of the second discharge hopper is flush with the top of the first partition.

[0012] Preferably, a slag discharge box is fixedly installed through the bottom of the rectangular box, and a slag discharge hopper is fixedly installed through one side of the slag discharge box. The bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box is inclined, and the slag discharge hopper is located on the lower side of the bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box.

[0013] Preferably, the transfer box and the rectangular box are flexibly connected by a rectangular sealing tube cover, and the discharge port and the inlet port are connected by the sealing tube cover.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention addresses the physical difference in thickness between glass wafers and silicon wafers by employing a sieve plate separation method to achieve efficient separation of the two. When the mixture passes through the separation holes with specific gaps, the thinner silicon wafers can pass through the separation plate, while the thicker glass fragments are retained. This achieves selective separation of silicon wafers and glass wafers based on their thickness differences, and has significant advantages such as simple process, high separation efficiency, and low processing cost. It provides a new technical path for the high-value recycling of glass and silicon wafers in retired photovoltaic modules. The agitator forcefully scrapes the material piled up on the separation plate, spreading it out and allowing more material to come into contact with the screen surface of the separation plate, thus avoiding a decrease in screening efficiency due to excessive local accumulation of material. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a partial side sectional view of a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of the separation plate in a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram of section A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the actuating mechanism in a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism in a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge mechanism in a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge mechanism in a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 .

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Frame 1; 2. Rectangular box; 3. Feeding mechanism; 4. Discharging mechanism; 5. Separating plate; 6. Screen plate; 7. Actuating mechanism; 8. Spring; 9. Vibration motor; 21. Slag discharge box; 22. Slag discharge hopper; 23. Feed inlet; 31. Frame 2; 32. Transfer box; 33. Discharge port; 34. Three-way hopper; 35. Sealing pipe cover; 41. Discharge box; 42. Discharge hopper one; 43. Discharge hopper two; 44. Partition one; 45. Partition two; 51. Through hole; 52. Arc-shaped cover; 53. Separation hole; 71. Side plate; 72. Rotary shaft; 73. Paddle plate; 74. L-shaped frame; 75. Swing arm; 76. Telescopic rod; 77. Hinge seat. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please refer to Figures 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: a photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting equipment, including a frame 1, a rectangular box 2 installed on the frame 1 at an incline, a feeding mechanism 3 and a discharging mechanism 4 respectively provided on both sides of the rectangular box 2, a separation plate 5 and a sieve plate 6 installed inside the rectangular box 2 in parallel, the separation plate 5 being located above the sieve plate 6, and a toggle mechanism 7 located above the separation plate 5 installed on the rectangular box 2. The separation plate 5 has multiple through holes 51 that are evenly spaced. The top of the separation plate 5 is equipped with multiple arc-shaped covers 52 that are evenly spaced. The multiple arc-shaped covers 52 are located above the corresponding through holes 51. The arc-shaped covers 52 have separation holes 53 that are connected to the through holes 51. The actuating mechanism 7 includes a plurality of actuating plates 73 rotatably mounted above the separation plate 5.

[0019] Both sides of the rectangular box 2 are flexibly connected to the frame 1 by multiple springs 8. Both sides of the frame 1 are fixedly installed with excitation motors 9. In addition, the specially sized separation hole 53 only allows thinner and smaller rectangular silicon wafers to enter. Since thicker glass sheets cannot enter the separation hole 53, the glass sheets and rectangular silicon wafers can be separated. Some broken glass shards pass through the separation hole 53 and then pass through the holes on the sieve plate 6 and fall onto the bottom inner wall of the rectangular box 2. The rectangular silicon wafers are separated by the sieve plate 6 and accumulate above the sieve plate 6.

[0020] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the side of the rectangular box 2 closest to the feeding mechanism 3 is higher than the other side, so that during the vibration of the rectangular box 2, the material can actively move from the feeding mechanism 3 side to the discharging mechanism 4 side inside the rectangular box 2.

[0021] The actuating mechanism 7 includes two side plates 71 that are fixed through both sides of the rectangular box 2. Multiple rotating shafts 72 are rotatably mounted through both side plates 71. The two sides of multiple toggle plates 73 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating shafts 72. The actuating mechanism 7 also includes hinge seats 77 fixed on both sides of the rectangular box 2. Telescopic rods 76 are hinged to both hinge seats 77. L-shaped frames 74 are hinged to the piston rod ends of both telescopic rods 76. Multiple rotating shafts 72 are hinged to the adjacent L-shaped frames 74 through swing arms 75.

[0022] Furthermore, the telescopic rod 76 is either an electric actuator or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0023] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, by controlling the synchronous extension and retraction of the two telescopic rods 76, the L-shaped frame 74 drives each of the deflector plates 73 to swing synchronously through the swing arm 75. The deflector plates 73 scrape the material piled on top of the separation plate 5 below, which can spread the material out. By extending the direct contact time between the material and the separation plate 5 below, it is ensured that the material can be fully screened by the separation plate 5.

[0024] The distance between the bottom of the multiple deflectors 73 and the separation plate 5 increases sequentially from the discharge mechanism 4 to the feeding mechanism 3.

[0025] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, due to the different distances between the bottom of each deflector plate 73 and the separation plate 5, the material piled on top of the separation plate 5 can be scraped and spread evenly step by step.

[0026] The feeding mechanism 3 includes a second frame 31 set on one side of the first frame 1. A transfer box 32 is fixedly installed on the second frame 31. The transfer box 32 has a discharge port 33 on the side near the rectangular box 2. The rectangular box 2 has a discharge port 33 that matches the discharge port 33 on the side near the feeding mechanism 3. The discharge port 33 is located above the separation plate 5. A three-way hopper 34 that is fixedly connected to the second frame 31 is fixedly installed on the top of the transfer box 32.

[0027] The rectangular box 2 has an opening on the side near the discharge mechanism 4. The discharge mechanism 4 includes a discharge box 41 fixedly connected to the opening side of the rectangular box 2. The discharge box 41 has an opening on the side near the rectangular box 2. A partition 44 is fixedly installed inside the discharge box 41. A partition 45 is fixedly installed on the side of the discharge box 41 near the rectangular box 2. A discharge hopper 43 and a discharge hopper 42 are fixedly installed through the discharge box 41 on the side away from the rectangular box 2. The discharge hopper 42 and the discharge hopper 43 are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0028] The top of partition 1 44 is flush with the top of separation plate 5, the top of partition 2 45 is flush with the top of screen plate 6, the bottom and inner wall of discharge hopper 2 43 are flush with the bottom inner wall of discharge box 41, and the bottom inner wall of discharge hopper 2 43 is flush with the top of partition 1 44.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, aligning the top of partition 44 with the top of separation plate 5 ensures that the block glass on top of separation plate 5 only falls on the top of partition 44. By aligning the top of partition 45 with the top of sieve plate 6, it ensures that the rectangular silicon wafers on top of sieve plate 6 only fall on the bottom inner wall of discharge box 41. By setting partition 45, it prevents glass shards on the bottom inner wall of rectangular box 2 from entering the discharge box 41.

[0030] A slag discharge box 21 is fixedly installed through the bottom of the rectangular box 2, and a slag discharge hopper 22 is fixedly installed through one side of the slag discharge box 21. The bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box 21 is inclined, and the slag discharge hopper 22 is located on the lower side of the bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box 21.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the glass shards that fall on the bottom inner wall of the rectangular box 2 will slide into the slag discharge box 21 under the action of vibration and gravity of the rectangular box 2. Then the glass shards will fall into the slag discharge hopper 22 along the bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box 21 and finally be discharged through the slag discharge hopper 22.

[0032] The transfer box 32 and the rectangular box 2 are flexibly connected by a rectangular sealing tube cover 35, and the discharge port 33 and the inlet port 23 are connected by the sealing tube cover 35.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the inlet 23 and outlet 33 are connected by the sealing tube cover 35. By maintaining a flexible connection between the two, the transfer box 32 does not need to move synchronously with the rectangular box 2 during the vibration separation process of the rectangular box 2.

[0034] In this embodiment: the material is conveyed to the top of the three-way hopper 34 by the conveyor belt. The material enters the transfer box 32 through the three-way hopper 34 and is then discharged through the discharge port 33 and enters the rectangular box 2 through the inlet port 23. After entering the rectangular box 2, the material falls on the top of the separation plate 5. Then, under the action of two excitation motors 9, the rectangular box 2 will drive the internal separation plate 5 and screen plate 6 to vibrate. As the separation plate 5 vibrates, the material will move from the feeding mechanism 3 side to the discharging mechanism 4 side at the top of the separation plate 5. During this process, the rectangular silicon wafers and some glass fragments in the material will fall to the top of the screen plate 6 through the corresponding separation holes 53 and through holes 51, while the block glass in the material will always be at the top of the separation plate 5. The glass fragments falling to the top of the screen plate 6 will pass through the screen plate 6 and fall onto the bottom inner wall of the rectangular box 2, while the rectangular silicon wafers will always be at the top of the screen plate 6. Subsequently, the block glass located at the top of the separation plate 5 will enter the discharge box 41 and fall onto the partition 44. Finally, these block glass will be discharged through the discharge hopper 42. Meanwhile, the rectangular silicon wafers located at the top of the sieve plate 6 will enter the discharge box 41 and fall onto the bottom inner wall of the discharge box 41. Finally, these rectangular silicon wafers will be discharged through the discharge hopper 43. The glass slag that falls onto the bottom inner wall of the rectangular box 2 will fall into the slag discharge box 21 and finally be discharged through the slag discharge hopper 22.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel recycling scrap sorting apparatus comprising a frame one (1), characterized in that: A rectangular box (2) is installed on the frame (1) at an incline. A feeding mechanism (3) and a discharging mechanism (4) are respectively provided on both sides of the rectangular box (2). A separation plate (5) and a sieve plate (6) are installed inside the rectangular box (2) in parallel. The separation plate (5) is located above the sieve plate (6). A toggle mechanism (7) is installed on the rectangular box (2) above the separation plate (5). The separation plate (5) has multiple through holes (51) distributed at equal intervals. The top of the separation plate (5) is equipped with multiple arc-shaped covers (52) distributed at equal intervals. The multiple arc-shaped covers (52) are located above the corresponding through holes (51). The arc-shaped covers (52) have separation holes (53) that communicate with the through holes (51). The actuating mechanism (7) includes a plurality of actuating plates (73) rotatably mounted above the separation plate (5).

2. The photovoltaic panel recycling waste sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular box (2) is flexibly connected to the frame (1) on both sides by multiple springs (8), and the frame (1) is fixedly installed with excitation motors (9) on both sides.

3. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The actuating mechanism (7) includes two side plates (71) fixed through both sides of the rectangular box (2). Multiple rotating shafts (72) are rotatably mounted through both side plates (71). The two sides of multiple toggle plates (73) are fixedly connected to the corresponding rotating shafts (72). The actuating mechanism (7) also includes hinge seats (77) fixed on both sides of the rectangular box (2). Telescopic rods (76) are hinged on both hinge seats (77). The piston rod ends of the two telescopic rods (76) are hinged to L-shaped frames (74). Multiple rotating shafts (72) are hinged to the adjacent L-shaped frames (74) through swing arms (75).

4. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The distance between the bottom of the multiple deflectors (73) and the separation plate (5) increases sequentially from the discharge mechanism (4) to the feeding mechanism (3).

5. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding mechanism (3) includes a second frame (31) set on one side of the first frame (1). A transfer box (32) is fixedly installed on the second frame (31). The transfer box (32) has a discharge port (33) on the side near the rectangular box (2). The rectangular box (2) has a discharge port (33) that matches the discharge port (33) on the side near the feeding mechanism (3). The discharge port (33) is located above the separation plate (5). A three-way hopper (34) that is fixedly connected to the second frame (31) is fixedly installed on the top of the transfer box (32).

6. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The rectangular box (2) has an opening on the side near the discharge mechanism (4). The discharge mechanism (4) includes a discharge box (41) fixedly connected to the opening side of the rectangular box (2). The discharge box (41) has an opening on the side near the rectangular box (2). A partition (44) is fixedly installed inside the discharge box (41). A partition (45) is fixedly installed on the side of the discharge box (41) near the rectangular box (2). A discharge hopper (43) and a discharge hopper (42) are fixedly installed through the side of the discharge box (41) away from the rectangular box (2). The discharge hopper (42) and the discharge hopper (43) are centrally symmetrically distributed.

7. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: The top of the first partition (44) is flush with the top of the separation plate (5), the top of the second partition (45) is flush with the top of the sieve plate (6), the bottom and inner wall of the second discharge hopper (43) are flush with the bottom inner wall of the discharge box (41), and the bottom inner wall of the second discharge hopper (43) is flush with the top of the first partition (44).

8. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: A slag discharge box (21) is fixedly installed through the bottom of the rectangular box (2), and a slag discharge hopper (22) is fixedly installed through one side of the slag discharge box (21). The bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box (21) is inclined, and the slag discharge hopper (22) is located on the lower side of the bottom inner wall of the slag discharge box (21).

9. A photovoltaic panel scrap sorting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: The transfer box (32) and the rectangular box (2) are flexibly connected by a rectangular sealing tube cover (35), and the discharge port (33) and the inlet port (23) are connected by the sealing tube cover (35).

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