Sheet shearing machine and sheet shearing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a sheet metal shearing machine and a method for cutting sheet metal, belonging to the field of sheet metal processing technology. The shearing machine includes a frame, a shearing mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a first drive mechanism, and a second drive mechanism. The shearing mechanism includes a lower cutting plate and an upper cutting plate assembly. The upper cutting plate assembly includes multiple upper cutting teeth arranged at intervals along the length of the frame with oblique cutting edges. The drilling mechanism is located upstream of the upper cutting plate assembly and includes multiple drill rods corresponding one-to-one with the upper cutting teeth. The first drive mechanism drives the drill rods to drill holes at intervals in the sheet metal; the second drive mechanism drives the upper cutting plate assembly to rise and fall, so that each upper cutting tooth performs segmented cutting with the corresponding drill hole as the cutting starting point. This invention also discloses a cutting method. This invention uses pre-drilled holes as stress isolation starting points for segmented cutting, dispersing the concentrated stress generated by continuous cutting to each upper cutting tooth, effectively suppressing sheet warping deformation, reducing tool impact force, and improving cut quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal sheet processing technology, and more specifically, it relates to a sheet shearing machine. This invention also relates to a method for cutting metal sheets. Background Technology

[0002] In the sheet metal processing industry, shearing machines are commonly used to cut large sheet metal into the required width or length. Traditional sheet metal shearing machines typically use the relative motion of upper and lower cutting plates to achieve continuous cutting. However, in actual cutting processes, especially when cutting thin or high-strength sheet metal, the shearing force acts continuously along the entire cutting direction, causing stress to gradually accumulate at the cut edge, resulting in significant warping deformation of the sheet metal. This warping not only affects cutting accuracy but also increases the difficulty of leveling in subsequent processes, and may even lead to material scrap.

[0003] To alleviate these problems, some existing technologies attempt to optimize the cutting angle, add pressure plate devices, or adopt segmented shearing. However, simple pressure plates can only constrain the overall movement of the sheet material and cannot eliminate stress accumulation inside the cut; while segmented shearing, without prior stress isolation measures, will still allow stress to be transmitted between segments, resulting in limited improvement in warping deformation. In addition, in existing segmented shearing methods, the cutting blade cuts directly into the surface of the solid sheet material, resulting in a large initial impact force that easily causes blade damage and sheet tearing.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively disperse the concentrated stress during the cutting process and fundamentally avoid board warping is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sheet metal shearing machine to solve the technical problem that existing sheet metal warps and deforms due to stress concentration during the cutting process, which in turn affects subsequent processing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a sheet metal shearing machine, comprising: frame; A shearing mechanism includes a lower cutting plate and an upper cutting plate assembly. The lower cutting plate is fixedly mounted on the frame and is used to support the metal sheet to be cut. The upper cutting plate assembly is located above the lower cutting plate and includes a plurality of upper cutting teeth. The upper cutting teeth are spaced apart along the length of the frame and the cutting edge of each upper cutting tooth is obliquely cut. A drilling mechanism is mounted on the frame and located upstream of the upper cutting plate assembly. The drilling mechanism includes multiple drill rods, each drill rod corresponding to one of the upper cutting teeth. A first drive mechanism, located on the frame, is used to drive each of the drill rods to perform a feed motion relative to the metal plate, so as to drill multiple holes in the metal plate. The second drive mechanism is located on the frame and is used to drive the upper cutting plate assembly to move up and down relative to the lower cutting plate. The correspondence between each drill rod and each upper cutting tooth is configured such that each upper cutting tooth can cut the metal plate in segments with the corresponding drill hole as the cutting starting point, thereby dispersing the stress generated by continuous cutting to each upper cutting tooth.

[0007] Furthermore, the cutting edges of each of the upper cutting teeth are inclined in the same direction, the cutting length of the upper cutting teeth is a, the distance between any two adjacent drill holes is A, and the radius is r, where A≥a≥(A-2r).

[0008] Furthermore, the drill holes formed by each drill rod correspond vertically to the cutting starting points of the corresponding upper cutting teeth.

[0009] Furthermore, the shearing mechanism also includes a pressure plate, which is located on the side of the lower cutting plate away from the upper cutting plate. The pressure plate can approach the lower cutting plate in the vertical direction to press the material to be cut.

[0010] Furthermore, the spacing between two adjacent upper cutting teeth is equal, and the spacing between each drill rod is equal to the spacing between the upper cutting teeth.

[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the drill rod is 1.0 to 1.5 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the sheet metal shearing machine provided by the present invention are as follows: First, the frame in this application can provide stable support for each mechanism; the shearing mechanism includes a lower cutting plate fixedly mounted on the frame and an upper cutting plate assembly located above it, wherein the multiple upper cutting teeth of the upper cutting plate assembly can reduce the single shearing force through segmented cutting; the drill rod of the drilling mechanism can pre-drill multiple holes in the metal sheet; the first drive mechanism drives the drill rod to perform a feed motion to complete the drilling; the second drive mechanism drives the upper cutting plate assembly to perform a lifting motion to perform cutting. Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned structures, this application first drives each drill rod to drill multiple holes on the plate corresponding to the positions of the upper cutting teeth. Then, the second drive mechanism drives the upper cutting plate assembly to descend, so that each upper cutting tooth cuts in segments with the corresponding drill hole as the starting point. Since each upper cutting tooth cuts independently from the drill hole, the stress generated by continuous cutting is distributed to each upper cutting tooth instead of being concentrated on a continuous cut. Combined with the oblique cutting edge, the instantaneous impact is further reduced, which can effectively prevent the metal plate from warping and deforming at the cut. This solves the technical problems of plate warping and uneven cut caused by stress concentration in traditional continuous shearing.

[0013] Secondly, since a is not less than A-2r, each upper cutting tooth can completely cover the board area between adjacent drill holes without leaving any uncut connecting segments. At the same time, a is not greater than A, so that the cutting endpoint of each upper cutting tooth falls exactly on or before the edge of the next drill hole, avoiding overlapping or interference between the cutting areas of the upper cutting teeth. Combined with the oblique cutting edge, the starting and ending positions of each segment cutting are effectively isolated by the drill holes, which can realize that the cutting stress is released independently in each segment and does not transfer to each other. In this way, the effect of straight cut and no cumulative deformation of the board can be achieved, preventing technical problems such as stress coupling between segments or incomplete cutting caused by improper cutting length.

[0014] This invention also discloses a method for cutting metal sheets, which is implemented using the sheet metal shearing machine described above, and includes the following steps: S1: Place the metal sheet to be cut on the lower cutting plate; S2: Start the first drive mechanism to drive the multiple drill rods of the drilling mechanism to drill multiple holes at the starting position of the cutting of the metal sheet, and the holes are spaced apart along the length of the frame; S3: Activate the second drive mechanism to drive the upper cutting plate assembly to descend, so that the multiple upper cutting teeth take the corresponding drill holes as the cutting starting point to cut the metal plate in segments.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the drilling depth of each drill rod is less than the thickness of the metal sheet, so as to maintain a continuous material connection on the lower surface of the metal sheet.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the second driving mechanism drives each of the upper cutting teeth to descend synchronously and simultaneously cut the metal sheet; or, the second driving mechanism drives each of the upper cutting teeth to descend sequentially from the cutting start end to the cutting end and perform delayed cutting.

[0017] Furthermore, while the upper cutting teeth are cutting the pre-drilled metal sheet, the drill rod is drilling holes in the metal sheet below.

[0018] Compared to existing technologies, the metal sheet cutting method of this invention possesses all the advantages of the aforementioned sheet metal shearing machine, which will not be elaborated upon here. In addition to the aforementioned beneficial effects, after the sheet metal is placed, in step S2, each drill rod drills an array of holes on the sheet metal according to a one-to-one correspondence with the upper cutting teeth. These holes become stress isolation points for subsequent cutting. Then, in step S3, the upper cutting teeth begin cutting from the edge of each drill hole. Since each drill hole breaks the continuous structure of the sheet metal, the shear stress that would normally propagate along the entire cut is confined within each segment. In step S4, the minute deformations generated by these segments are independent and dispersed in direction, macroscopically canceling each other out or causing only minor local undulations, without forming an overall arch or curl. Combined with the progressive shearing of the oblique cutting edge, it can achieve the technical effect of a smooth cut and maintaining the flatness of the sheet metal, thereby solving the technical problem of overall warping and deformation of the sheet metal caused by the unidirectional accumulation of stress along the cut in traditional continuous cutting. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall structure of the sheet metal shearing machine provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the sheet metal shearing machine provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the shearing mechanism, the punching mechanism, and the frame in the sheet metal shearing machine of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the drill rod and the upper cutting teeth in the sheet metal shearing machine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a step diagram of the metal sheet cutting method of the present invention.

[0020] In the picture: 1. Rack; 2. Shearing mechanism; 21. Lower cutting plate; 22. Upper cutting plate assembly; 221. Upper cutting teeth; 222. Assembly plate; 23. Pressure plate; 3. Drilling mechanism; 31. Drill rod; 4. First drive mechanism; 5. Second drive mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "back" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0023] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in light of the specific circumstances.

[0024] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 5 The sheet metal shearing machine provided by this invention will now be described. In general, this invention decomposes the traditional single upper cutting edge into multiple spaced upper cutting teeth 221, and pre-drills holes corresponding to each upper cutting tooth 221 on the sheet metal before cutting, so that each upper cutting tooth 221 cuts in segments starting from the corresponding drilled hole. Through this structural layout, the continuously accumulated shear stress is distributed to each upper cutting tooth 221, transforming the large warping deformation originally caused by a single cutting edge into small deformations caused by multiple upper cutting teeth 221, thereby significantly reducing the processing difficulty after sheet metal cutting.

[0026] Based on the above-mentioned overall approach, this invention proposes a sheet metal shearing machine, which includes a frame 1, a shearing mechanism 2, a punching mechanism 3, a first driving mechanism 4, and a second driving mechanism 5.

[0027] The shearing mechanism 2 includes a lower cutting plate 21 and an upper cutting plate assembly 22. The lower cutting plate 21 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 and is used to support the metal sheet to be cut. The upper cutting plate assembly 22 is located above the lower cutting plate 21 and includes multiple upper cutting teeth 221. Each upper cutting tooth 221 is spaced apart along the length of the frame 1, and the cutting edge of each upper cutting tooth 221 is obliquely cut. The punching mechanism 3 is mounted on the frame 1 and located upstream of the upper cutting plate assembly 22. The upstream side refers to the direction along the sheet feed (or cutting direction). The punching mechanism 3 contacts the sheet before the upper cutting plate assembly 22. The assembly includes multiple drill rods 31, each drill rod 31 corresponding to one upper cutting tooth 221; a first drive mechanism 4, located on the frame 1, is used to drive each drill rod 31 to feed relative to the metal sheet, so as to drill multiple holes in the metal sheet; a second drive mechanism 5, located on the frame 1, is used to drive the upper cutting plate assembly 22 to move up and down relative to the lower cutting plate 21; wherein, the correspondence between each drill rod 31 and each upper cutting tooth 221 is configured such that each upper cutting tooth 221 can use the corresponding drill hole as the cutting starting point to cut the metal sheet in segments, thereby dispersing the stress generated by continuous cutting to each upper cutting tooth 221.

[0028] In the specific implementation of the above embodiment, the frame 1 serves as the supporting skeleton of the entire equipment, providing an installation reference for the lower cutting plate 21, the shearing mechanism 2, the punching mechanism 3, and each drive mechanism. In practice, the frame 1 should possess sufficient rigidity and stability to withstand the shearing force and vibration during the cutting process. The cutting edges of each oblique-cutting upper cutting tooth 221 form a certain angle (usually 1°~3°) with the horizontal plane, ensuring that during the descent of the upper cutting tooth 221, the cutting edges do not simultaneously contact the plate, but rather cut in point by point along the length of the cutting edge, thereby reducing the instantaneous shearing force.

[0029] In the actual implementation of drilling, in the transverse direction perpendicular to the cutting direction, the rotation axis of each drill rod 31 is aligned with the cutting starting point of the corresponding upper cutting tooth 221; in the longitudinal direction along the cutting direction, the drill holes drilled by each drill rod 31 are on the same cutting path as the cutting starting point of the corresponding upper cutting tooth 221. This arrangement allows the drilling to disrupt the continuity of the board material during cutting, creating a stress concentration zone around the drill hole. When the upper cutting tooth 221 cuts from the drill hole, the drill hole pre-releases some residual stress, reducing stress accumulation during the cutting process. The drill hole provides the initial entry point for the upper cutting tooth 221, avoiding slippage and chipping caused by the cutting edge of the upper cutting tooth 221 directly impacting the surface of the complete board material, thus improving cutting accuracy. Similarly, since each upper cutting tooth 221 starts cutting from an independent drill hole, the stress transmission between each cutting segment is interrupted by the drill hole, achieving physical isolation of stress.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, in one optional implementation, the cutting edge inclination direction of each upper cutting tooth 221 is consistent, the cutting length of the upper cutting tooth 221 is a, the distance between any two adjacent drill holes is A, and the radius is r, where A≥a≥(A-2r).

[0031] In the above embodiment, the inequality A≥a ensures that the cutting areas of two adjacent upper cutting teeth 221 do not overlap, avoiding excessive material deformation and energy waste caused by repeated cutting. Simultaneously, appropriate uncut connecting sections are maintained between adjacent cutting areas to preserve the integrity of the sheet material. The inequality a≥(A-2r) ensures that the cutting length of the upper cutting teeth 221 is sufficient to cover the effective distance between two adjacent drill holes (net distance after deducting the drill hole radius), avoiding uncut "island" material between adjacent cutting sections and ensuring the continuity of the cutting line. In this way, this embodiment achieves a balance between stress dispersion and cutting continuity, avoiding stress re-accumulation while ensuring cutting quality.

[0032] In the specific implementation process, let A = 50mm and r = 5mm, then A - 2r = 40mm. According to the above constraint, a should satisfy 50mm ≥ a ≥ 40mm.

[0033] If a = 45mm: the cutting length of the upper cutting tooth 221 is 45mm, and a 5mm uncut connecting section is left between adjacent cutting areas (50-45=5mm), satisfying A≥a. At the same time, 45mm≥40mm, satisfying a≥(A-2r). Under this parameter combination, there is an appropriate uncut connecting section between adjacent cutting areas to maintain the integrity of the board, and no uncut material is left.

[0034] If a=55mm: Violating A≥a will cause the cutting areas of adjacent upper cutting teeth 221 to overlap by 5mm, resulting in repeated cutting, increasing energy consumption and tool wear.

[0035] If a=35mm: This violates the rule that a≥(A-2r), resulting in 5mm of uncut material between adjacent cutting areas (40-35=5mm), forming "islands" and affecting the cutting quality.

[0036] Based on the above, in a preferred embodiment, the drill holes formed by each drill rod 31 correspond vertically to the cutting starting points of the corresponding upper cutting teeth 221. It should be noted that "corresponding" in the above context means that, in the transverse direction perpendicular to the cutting direction, the rotation axis of each drill rod 31 is aligned with the cutting starting point of the corresponding upper cutting tooth 221; and in the longitudinal direction along the cutting direction, the position of the drill hole and the cutting starting point of the upper cutting tooth 221 are on the same cutting path. This ensures that the upper cutting teeth 221 can accurately cut from the drill hole, avoiding impact of the cutting edge of the upper cutting teeth 221 on the surface of the intact board.

[0037] An alternative implementation is proposed, wherein the shearing mechanism 2 further includes a pressure plate 23, which is located on the side of the lower cutting plate 21 opposite to the upper cutting plate, and the pressure plate 23 can approach the lower cutting plate 21 in the vertical direction to press the material to be cut.

[0038] In one alternative embodiment, the pressure plate 23 is positioned between the upper cutting plate assembly 22 and the lower cutting plate 21, and is driven or independently lowered by the upper cutting plate assembly 22 to directly press the upper surface of the plate.

[0039] As set above, the pressure plate 23 presses the board before cutting to prevent the board from slipping under shearing force. In addition, the pressure plate 23 can also constrain the deformation of the board during the cutting process, reduce warping, and improve the stability of cutting.

[0040] In addition to the feasible implementations described above, in an optional embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent upper cutting teeth 221 is equal, and the spacing between each drill rod 31 is equal to the spacing between the upper cutting teeth 221. This ensures uniformity in segmented cutting, maintaining consistent stress dispersion across all cut segments, and making the overall deformation of the sheet material more controllable.

[0041] In specific applications, if the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221 is 10mm, then the diameter of the drill rod 31 should be in the range of 10mm to 15mm.

[0042] If the diameter of drill rod 31 is 12mm (1.2 times): the diameter of the drill hole is 12mm, which is slightly larger than the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221, providing sufficient cutting space for the upper cutting tooth 221, while retaining enough uncut material between adjacent drill holes.

[0043] If the diameter of drill rod 31 is 8mm (0.8 times): less than 1.0 times, the drill hole is too small, the cutting edge of the upper cutting tooth 221 may not be completely aligned with the center of the drill hole, and the stress release is insufficient.

[0044] If the diameter of drill rod 31 is 18mm (1.8 times): which is greater than 1.5 times, the drill hole is too large, the net distance between adjacent drill holes is too small, and the plate has been severely weakened before cutting.

[0045] Preferably, in one embodiment, the diameter of the drill rod 31 is 1.0 to 1.5 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221.

[0046] In practical implementation, if the diameter of the drill rod 31 is less than 1.0 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221, the drill hole is too small, resulting in insufficient stress release and difficulty in accurately aligning the cutting edge of the upper cutting tooth 221 with the drill hole. If the diameter of the drill rod 31 is greater than 1.5 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221, the drill hole is too large, leading to an excessively short uncut connection section between adjacent cut sections, reduced overall sheet integrity, and excessive material loss at the drill hole. This embodiment limits the spacing between the drill rods 31 to balance stress release effect and material retention, preventing technical problems such as insufficient stress release and excessive material waste due to unclear parameter selection.

[0047] Based on the same inventive concept, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cutting metal sheets, which is implemented using the sheet metal shearing machine described above, and includes the following steps: S1: Place the metal sheet to be cut on the lower cutting plate 21; S2: Start the first drive mechanism 4 to drive the multiple drill rods 31 of the drilling mechanism 3 to drill multiple holes at the starting position of the metal sheet cutting, and the holes are arranged at intervals along the length of the frame 1. S3: Start the second drive mechanism 5 to drive the upper cutting plate assembly 22 to descend, so that the multiple upper cutting teeth 221 take the corresponding drill holes as the cutting starting point to cut the metal plate in segments. S4: By segmented cutting, the stress accumulated at the cut point during continuous cutting is distributed to each upper cutting tooth 221, so that the warping deformation at the cut point of the metal sheet is transformed into multiple small deformations caused by each upper cutting tooth 221.

[0048] In the specific implementation process of the above steps, after the board is placed, in step S2, each drill rod 31 drills an array of holes on the board according to the one-to-one positional relationship with the upper cutting tooth 221. These holes become stress isolation points for subsequent cutting. Then, in step S3, the upper cutting tooth 221 cuts from the edge of each hole. Since each hole breaks the continuous structure of the board, the shear stress that would originally propagate along the entire cut is confined within each segment. In step S4, the small deformations generated by these segments are independent and dispersed in direction. Macroscopically, they cancel each other out or only cause small local undulations, without forming an overall arch or curl. Combined with the progressive shearing of the oblique cutting edge, it can achieve the technical effect of a flat cut and the flatness of the board, thereby solving the technical problem of overall warping and deformation of the board caused by the unidirectional accumulation of stress along the cut in traditional continuous cutting.

[0049] The following describes the specific method for cutting metal sheets using the aforementioned sheet metal shearing machine.

[0050] First, place the metal sheet to be cut on the lower cutting plate 21, adjust the cutting start position, and align the front end of the sheet with the preset punching start line.

[0051] Next, the first drive mechanism 4 is activated, driving multiple drill rods 31 of the drilling mechanism 3 to feed downwards synchronously, drilling multiple holes at the starting position of the metal sheet cutting. The holes are spaced apart along the length of the frame 1, with a spacing equal to the spacing of the upper cutting teeth 221. As a preferred method, the drilling depth of the drill rods 31 is controlled to be less than the thickness of the metal sheet (e.g., a 2mm thick sheet with a drilling depth of 1.8mm), thus retaining approximately 0.2mm of continuous material connection on the lower surface of the sheet. This ensures that the sheet remains a single unit after drilling, facilitating subsequent transport and positioning, and preventing premature deformation due to localized perforation.

[0052] Then, the second drive mechanism 5 is activated to drive the upper cutting plate assembly 22 to descend, so that the multiple upper cutting teeth 221 take the corresponding drill holes as the cutting starting point to cut the metal plate in segments or simultaneously.

[0053] Optionally, the second drive mechanism 5 is configured as a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of which is mounted on the frame 1. The cutting assembly includes an assembly plate 222 and upper cutting teeth 221. Each upper cutting tooth 221 is fixedly connected to the assembly plate 222. The assembly plate 222 is mounted on the frame 1 and can be guided to move in the vertical direction. The extension end of the hydraulic cylinder drives the assembly plate 222 to move up and down, thereby driving each upper cutting tooth 221 to move up and down. As for the first drive mechanism 4, it includes a lead screw and nut assembly and multiple drive motors. The drive motors are mounted on the frame 1 through the lead screw and nut assembly and can move horizontally and vertically. Each drive motor has a drill rod 31 at its power output end. Under the action of the first drive mechanism 4, each drill rod 31 can rotate, move up and down, and adjust horizontally to perform drilling operations on the plate.

[0054] Finally, through the segmented cutting described above, the shear stress that would have accumulated along the entire cut during continuous cutting is distributed to the segments independently cut by each upper cutting tooth 221. The small local deformations caused by each segment (such as small edge warping or indentation) are dispersed in direction and have small amplitude, so they do not cause obvious arching or curling of the entire board on a macroscopic scale, thus achieving the effect of straight cuts and good flatness of the board.

[0055] When multiple sheets of metal need to be processed continuously or the same sheet needs to be cut multiple times, a parallel production line approach can be adopted: while the upper cutting tooth 221 cuts the currently drilled metal sheet, the drill rod 31 drills holes in the next sheet below (or the next cutting segment of the same sheet). The drilling station and the cutting station are staggered on the frame 1, and they do not interfere with each other. With equal spacing and synchronous cycle control, drilling and cutting can be carried out in parallel, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0056] In the specific implementation process, for a 1.5mm thick low-carbon steel plate, the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221 is set to 4mm, and the diameter of the drill rod 31 is 5mm (i.e., 1.25 times). The drilling spacing A = 25mm, the drilling radius r = 2.5mm, then A - 2r = 20mm, and the cutting length of the upper cutting tooth 221 is taken as a = 22mm. A synchronous mode is used during cutting. The results show that the maximum warpage height of the plate after cutting is only 0.3mm, while the warpage height of a traditional continuous shearing machine is usually greater than 2mm. Simultaneously, the cutting edge of the upper cutting tooth 221 shows no significant wear or chipping after 500 continuous shearing cycles. This indicates that the solution of this invention significantly reduces cutting stress concentration and extends tool life.

[0057] Based on the above method, more preferably, in step S2, the drilling depth of each drill rod 31 is less than the thickness of the metal plate, so as to maintain a continuous material connection on the lower surface of the metal plate.

[0058] In the above steps, the drill rod 31 does not completely penetrate the board when drilling, but leaves a very thin layer of material on the lower surface. In this way, before the upper cutting tooth 221 performs segmented cutting in step S3, the board is still kept as a whole by the continuous material layer on the lower surface that has not been drilled through, which is convenient for handling and positioning. When the upper cutting tooth 221 starts cutting from the drill hole, since most of the material has been removed by the drilling depth, the upper cutting tooth 221 only needs to overcome the shear resistance of the remaining thin layer of material. At the same time, the continuous material connection on the lower surface can prevent the board from deforming prematurely or the hole position from shifting due to stress release during the drilling process. With the combination of the oblique cutting edge and the equal spacing, the remaining thin layer will break neatly along the edge of the drill hole when the upper cutting tooth 221 cuts in, and will not cause the board to warp and deform due to stress concentration. Thus, the board can maintain its integrity during the drilling stage and maintain the dispersion of stress distribution during the cutting stage.

[0059] Based on the above embodiments, more preferably, in step S3, the second driving mechanism 5 drives each upper cutting tooth 221 to descend synchronously and cut the metal sheet simultaneously; or, the second driving mechanism 5 drives each upper cutting tooth 221 to descend sequentially from the cutting start end to the cutting end and perform delayed cutting.

[0060] When the sheet metal shearing machine is working continuously, the drill rod 31 on the upstream side, driven by the first drive mechanism 4, continuously drills new holes in the sheet metal area that is about to enter the shearing station. Meanwhile, the upper cutting assembly 22 on the downstream side, driven by the second drive mechanism 5, simultaneously cuts these drilled sheets into segments. Since the drill rod 31 and the upper cutting teeth 221 correspond one-to-one at the same spacing and are staggered by one station distance, the drilling and cutting actions overlap in time and are continuous in space, forming a production line operation. With the equal spacing arrangement and oblique cutting edge, when the previous batch of sheets is in the cutting stage, the drilling work of the next batch of sheets has been completed, saving the time of drilling separately. Furthermore, since the drilling and cutting rhythms are synchronized, the stress release process is seamlessly connected, thereby achieving the technical effect of continuous feeding and high-efficiency production without stopping the machine.

[0061] In summary, the core of the sheet metal shearing machine and sheet metal cutting method provided by this invention lies in the organic cooperation of the frame 1, shearing mechanism 2, drilling mechanism 3, and first and second drive mechanisms 5, which changes the stress accumulation mode of traditional sheet metal cutting. Multiple upper cutting plate assemblies 22 with upper cutting teeth 221 spaced apart along the length of the frame 1, combined with the oblique cutting edges of each upper cutting tooth 221, provide a structural basis for segmented, low-impact cutting. The drilling mechanism 3 is located upstream of the upper cutting plate assembly 22, with multiple drill rods 31 corresponding one-to-one with each upper cutting tooth 221. Driven by the first drive mechanism 4, it pre-drills multiple spaced holes at the starting position of the sheet metal cutting. These holes not only serve as stress isolation points for subsequent cutting but also as precise cutting starting points for each upper cutting tooth 221. When the second drive mechanism 5 drives the upper cutting plate assembly 22 to descend, each upper cutting tooth 221 cuts in from the edge or inside of the corresponding drill hole. Since each drill hole has removed local material and broken the continuous lattice structure inside the plate, the shear stress that would have accumulated unidirectionally along the entire cut is forcibly dispersed into each independent segment, so that the warping deformation changes from an overall arch to a local deformation that is dispersed in multiple directions and has a smaller amplitude.

[0062] Macroscopically, the sheet material remains flat. Based on this, by further defining the geometric relationship between the drilling spacing and the cutting length of the upper cutting tooth 221 (A≥a≥A-2r), it is ensured that each segment is completely cut through without stress overlap. The diameter of the drill rod 31 is controlled to be 1.0~1.5 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth 221, ensuring smooth cutting without weakening the sheet material's strength. The design of drilling depth less than the sheet material thickness to retain a continuous material layer on the lower surface ensures the sheet material maintains its integrity during the drilling stage, facilitating positioning and transport. Furthermore, this method provides two working modes: synchronous cutting and sequential delayed cutting, suitable for high-efficiency production or low-stress processing of thick, high-strength materials, respectively. It also supports parallel drilling and cutting operations, enabling continuous production in an assembly line. In summary, this invention uses "drilling holes first, then cutting in segments starting from the holes" as its core technical means to effectively disperse concentrated stress, significantly suppress warping deformation of the sheet metal, reduce the initial impact force of the cutting tool, extend the cutting edge life, and balance processing efficiency and cut quality. It provides an efficient, reliable and easily industrialized technical solution for solving the long-standing stress deformation problem in the field of metal sheet cutting.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sheet metal shearing machine, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The shearing mechanism (2) includes a lower cutting plate (21) and an upper cutting plate assembly (22). The lower cutting plate (21) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1) and is used to support the metal sheet to be cut. The upper cutting plate assembly (22) is located above the lower cutting plate (21). The upper cutting plate assembly (22) includes a plurality of upper cutting teeth (221). Each upper cutting tooth (221) is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the frame, and the cutting edge of each upper cutting tooth (221) is obliquely cut. A drilling mechanism (3) is set on the frame (1) and located on the upstream side of the upper cutting plate assembly (22). The drilling mechanism (3) includes a plurality of drill rods (31), and each drill rod (31) is correspondingly set with each upper cutting tooth (221). The first drive mechanism (4) is provided on the frame (1) and is used to drive each of the drill rods (31) to make a feed motion relative to the metal plate so as to drill multiple holes in the metal plate; The second drive mechanism (5) is provided on the frame (1) and is used to drive the upper cutting plate assembly (22) to move up and down relative to the lower cutting plate (21); The correspondence between each drill rod (31) and each upper cutting tooth (221) is configured such that each upper cutting tooth (221) can cut the metal plate into segments with the corresponding drill hole as the starting point.

2. The sheet metal shearing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edges of each of the upper cutting teeth (221) are inclined in the same direction. The cutting length of the upper cutting teeth (221) is a, the distance between any two adjacent drill holes is A, and the radius is r, where A≥a≥(A-2r).

3. The sheet metal shearing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drill holes formed by each drill rod (31) correspond vertically to the cutting starting points of the corresponding upper cutting teeth (221).

4. The sheet metal shearing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shearing mechanism (2) also includes a pressure plate (23), which is located on the side of the lower cutting plate (21) away from the upper cutting plate. The pressure plate (23) can approach the lower cutting plate (21) in the vertical direction to press the plate to be cut.

5. The sheet metal shearing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent upper cutting teeth (221) is equal, and the spacing between each drill rod (31) is equal to the spacing between the upper cutting teeth (221).

6. The sheet metal shearing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the drill rod (31) is 1.0 to 1.5 times the thickness of the upper cutting tooth (221).

7. A method for cutting metal sheets, characterized in that, Using the sheet metal shearing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: S1: Place the metal sheet to be cut on the lower cutting plate (21); S2: Start the first drive mechanism (4) to drive the multiple drill rods (31) of the drilling mechanism (3) to drill multiple holes at the cutting start position of the metal plate, and the holes are spaced apart along the length of the frame; S3: Activate the second drive mechanism (5) to drive the upper cutting plate assembly (22) to descend, so that the multiple upper cutting teeth (221) take the corresponding drill holes as the cutting starting point to cut the metal plate in segments.

8. The method for cutting metal sheets according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the drilling depth of each drill rod (31) is less than the thickness of the metal sheet, so as to maintain a continuous material connection on the lower surface of the metal sheet.

9. The method for cutting metal sheets according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the second driving mechanism (5) drives each of the upper cutting teeth (221) to descend synchronously and cut the metal sheet at the same time; or, the second driving mechanism (5) drives each of the upper cutting teeth (221) to descend sequentially from the cutting start end to the cutting end and perform delayed cutting.

10. The method for cutting metal sheets according to claim 7, characterized in that, While the upper cutting tooth (221) cuts the pre-drilled metal plate, the drill rod (31) drills holes in the metal plate below.

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