Plastic part processing and forming machine applied to ABS engineering blister process

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of vacuum forming technology, and more particularly to a plastic part processing and forming machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process. It includes a base platform, with a forming punch slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the base platform. The bottom of the forming punch has multiple vacuum holes penetrating its top at different heights. A flow divider shell is placed below the forming punch, and multiple air pipes with closed ends are connected to the flow divider shell. Air holes communicating with the interior of the air pipes are opened on the outer wall of the air pipes at the closed ends. Air cavities are opened on the inner wall of the vacuum holes. This invention uses staggered air cavities in conjunction with lifting and sliding air pipes to achieve step-by-step sealing of cavities from top to bottom and independent locking of cavities in different zones, avoiding the drawbacks of synchronous vacuuming across the entire area. Edge-differential softening and pre-stretching compensation suppresses excessive stretching defects in the center of the sheet material. Orderly negative pressure adsorption and exhaust eliminate wrinkles and air bubbles, balance the tensile stress of the sheet material, and improve the uniformity of wall thickness, appearance quality, and dimensional stability of the ABS plastic parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vacuum forming technology, and more particularly to a plastic parts processing and forming machine applied to the vacuum forming process of ABS engineering. Background Technology

[0002] ABS thermoforming is a thermoforming process using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) sheets as raw materials. The ABS sheet is clamped and positioned, then heated to a suitable plastic softening temperature. By extracting air from between the sheet and the mold to create a negative pressure difference, atmospheric pressure is used to force the softened sheet to tightly wrap around and conform to the mold contour. After cooling and shaping, demolding, and cutting, the corresponding shaped plastic part is obtained. This process is suitable for processing large shells and irregularly shaped structural parts. Relying on the excellent impact resistance and molding plasticity of ABS, it is widely used in the preparation of engineering plastic parts such as industrial shells, automotive interiors, and equipment housings.

[0003] Existing ABS thermoforming equipment generally adopts a molding mode of full-area synchronous vacuuming and continuous negative pressure climbing. It lacks a graded and zoned pressure control mechanism and a directional and orderly exhaust structure for the height difference structure of the mold. During the molding process, the sheet material is stretched synchronously as a whole. The stretching sequence and stretching force of each area cannot be independently matched and controlled according to the height difference of the mold surface. This can easily cause airflow disturbance and local air stagnation at different height positions of the mold, resulting in asynchronous bonding of the softened sheet material. Ultimately, this leads to appearance defects such as wrinkles, bubbles, and pits on the surface of the molded plastic parts.

[0004] Meanwhile, the existing process lacks edge stretching compensation capability. The stretching of the edge area of ​​the sheet clamping is restricted and the stretching allowance is insufficient, while the central area of ​​the sheet is subjected to concentrated force and excessive stretching deformation, which easily leads to problems such as excessively thin central wall thickness, local whitening, and tearing. This results in poor overall wall thickness uniformity and low molding accuracy of the plastic parts, which seriously restricts the mass molding quality of high-precision ABS engineering plastic parts.

[0005] In response to the aforementioned technical defects, a solution is proposed to address the technical problems of excessive stretching in the center of ABS vacuum forming, uneven wall thickness, easy warping of finished products, and air trapping and wrinkling in the cavity. The solution adopts a graded air path switching pressure holding structure and edge pre-stretching forming process to effectively optimize the forming stress state. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a plastic parts processing and molding machine for use in ABS engineering vacuum forming process, in order to solve the aforementioned technical defects.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a plastic part processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process, including a base platform, and a forming punch is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the base platform;

[0008] The bottom of the forming punch has multiple vacuum holes that penetrate through its top at different heights. When vacuum forming is performed, the multiple vacuum holes from the highest point to the lowest point of the forming punch are sealed in sequence, spreading and fitting from top to bottom, and the gas is discharged in an orderly manner from high to low, avoiding local air stagnation.

[0009] A flow divider housing is placed below the forming punch. The flow divider housing is connected to multiple air pipes with closed ends at the top, and the air pipes are slidably connected to corresponding vacuum holes. The flow divider housing drives the multiple air pipes to rise and fall synchronously. The outer wall of the air pipe has an air hole that communicates with its interior at the closed end. The inner wall of the vacuum hole has an air cavity that cooperates with the air hole for gas flow, and the height of the air cavity is different.

[0010] Preferably, the height of each air cavity is set to correspond one-to-one with the different heights of the top of the forming punch, and a sealing ring that is slidably connected to the air pipe is embedded in the inner wall of the vacuum hole below the air cavity, and a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the diversion shell.

[0011] Preferably, the trachea is slidably connected to the diversion housing, and a spring is fixedly connected between the top of the trachea and the diversion housing. A sealing ring that is slidably connected to the trachea is installed on the diversion housing.

[0012] Preferably, an electric push rod one is fixedly installed at the bottom of the diversion housing, and the movable end of the electric push rod one is fixedly connected to the bottom of the forming punch. An electric push rod two for pushing the forming punch up and down is fixedly installed at the bottom of the base platform.

[0013] Preferably, a track seat is fixedly installed on one side of the base platform, and a pressure frame and a heating seat are vertically slidably connected on the track seat, with the pressure frame located between the heating seat and the base platform.

[0014] Preferably, a mesh plate is fixedly installed inside the heating base, and multiple heating rings are installed at the bottom of the mesh plate, arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. A fan is embedded in the top of the heating base.

[0015] Preferably, conveyor rails are embedded on both sides of the top of the base platform, and rotating rollers are rotatably connected between the ends of the conveyor rails. Two sets of conveyor belts are driven between the rotating rollers. The top of the conveyor rails is provided with limiting grooves that slide in contact with the corresponding conveyor belts. The top height of the conveyor belts is higher than the top height of the base platform.

[0016] The present invention also proposes the following processing and molding steps for the ABS plastic part:

[0017] Step 1: Edge Pre-stretching and Conditioning: The pressure frame moves down and the top of the base platform presses down and fixes the ABS sheet. The heating seat descends and touches the pressure frame. The heat generated by multiple heating coils decreases gradually from the outside to the inside, making the edge of the ABS sheet softer than the center of the sheet. The fan at the top of the heating seat starts and continuously blows air towards the center of the sheet to form a downward pressure auxiliary force. The air cavity corresponding to the edge of the forming punch is connected to the air hole on the side wall of the air pipe, and low-pressure airflow is introduced to the lower side of the sheet edge, forming an upward pushing force on the edge of the ABS sheet. This pre-stretches the edge of the sheet in a controlled manner, compensates for the edge stretching allowance, and inhibits excessive stretching of the center of the sheet during the forming stage.

[0018] Step Two: Full-area softening, pre-expansion and pre-treatment for molding preparation: The heating power of multiple nested heating coils is switched to increase gradually from the outside to the inside, and the ABS sheet is uniformly and fully heated to the molding softening temperature range. All air cavities of the molding punch are connected to the air holes on the corresponding air pipes, and positive pressure airflow is introduced, forming a spherical pre-stretch deformation in the middle of the sheet. After the molding punch is raised as a whole, the air between the ABS sheet and the molding punch is quickly extracted through multiple vacuum holes, and negative pressure vacuum forming is used.

[0019] Step 3: Top-down stepwise negative pressure adsorption and shaping, stress relief molding: During the negative pressure vacuum forming process, the distribution shell gradually moves downwards. The air cavity corresponding to the highest position of the forming punch is the first to be disconnected from the air pipe and air hole. The side wall of the air pipe blocks the air inlet channel of the air cavity. The air pipe limit stretches the internal spring. The air cavity at the highest position maintains the current constant negative pressure and continues to increase the pressure. The sheet material at the corresponding position first adheres to the top surface of the forming punch and locks the adsorption pull force. The air cavities at the remaining height positions of the forming punch are sequentially sealed and pressure maintained in separate zones according to height. The air between the sheet material and the forming punch is orderly drained from the high position to the low position of the forming punch, preventing air trapped inside the cavity and causing wrinkles, bubbles, and pit defects.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) This invention constructs an adaptive air path switching mechanism that switches on and off at different heights and maintains pressure independently in different zones by setting up staggered air cavities at different heights of the forming punch and using a liftable air pipe structure. This avoids the traditional vacuum forming machine's structure mode of synchronous vacuuming across the entire area and continuous pressure climbing. The air pipe is slid along by the flow divider housing, which realizes orderly blocking and independent pressure locking of the air path from the high to the low position of the forming punch. The internal spring of the air pipe realizes adaptive pressure-maintaining elastic sealing treatment, ensuring the sealing, synchronization and stability of the air path switching at multiple heights.

[0022] Simultaneously, the combination of multiple nested heating coil structures, edge pre-blowing treatment, and pressure frame sealing makes the overall structure of the equipment highly interconnected, with minimal interference in the molding process and easy type change and debugging. This significantly reduces mechanical defects such as air trapping, air leakage, and uncoordinated molding processes in ABS thermoforming equipment, and significantly improves the equipment's operational stability and molding adaptability.

[0023] (2) This invention first softens the edges by differentiating them, and then uses the bottom edge pre-blowing and pushing to achieve edge pre-stretching compensation, which releases the edge stretching stress in advance and makes up for the edge extension allowance. This suppresses the defects of single concentrated stretching of the plate center, excessively thin central wall thickness, and cracking and whitening in traditional blow molding and negative pressure molding. Then, by sealing the air cavity from top to bottom, locking the high position with negative pressure without increasing the pressure, and sequentially draining and adsorbing the low position for molding treatment, the ABS plate is laid out and bonded in an orderly manner from top to bottom, and the air in the cavity is discharged in a directional and orderly manner, eliminating wrinkles, bubbles, and pit defects caused by local air stagnation. The stretching rate of each height area is independently controllable and the force is uniform and gentle. The polymer chain orientation of the plate is highly consistent, which effectively eliminates local stress concentration and greatly reduces the warping, springback and deformation error of ABS molded parts after demolding. It also significantly improves the wall thickness uniformity, appearance yield and long-term dimensional stability of ABS engineering plastic parts. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the conveyor rail of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flow divider housing and the forming punch of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the forming punch and multiple air pipes of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the forming punch of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow divider housing of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the heating base of the present invention.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] 1. Base platform; 11. Forming punch; 12. Vacuum hole; 13. Air cavity; 14. Electric push rod II; 15. Conveyor rail; 16. Conveyor belt;

[0034] 2. Diverter housing; 21. Air pipe; 22. Air vent; 23. Connecting pipe; 24. Spring; 25. Electric push rod one;

[0035] 3. Press the border;

[0036] 4. Heating base; 41. Heating coil; 42. Fan. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-6 As shown, the following solutions can be used to address the problems of traditional thermoforming, such as turbulent airflow, uneven bonding of high and low surfaces, and localized overstretching and cracking caused by continuous negative pressure in the first-bonded area during simultaneous vacuuming:

[0039] The plastic part processing and molding machine applied to the ABS engineering vacuum forming process in this embodiment includes a base platform 1, and a forming punch 11 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the base platform 1.

[0040] The bottom of the forming punch 11 has multiple vacuum holes 12 penetrating through its top at different heights. The height of each air chamber 13 corresponds to the different heights of the top of the forming punch 11. The vacuum holes 12 correspond to the stepped high and low surface arrangement of the forming punch 11, providing air passages for independent negative pressure zones. During negative pressure vacuum forming, by sequentially sealing the multiple vacuum holes 12 from the highest to the lowest point of the forming punch 11, the ABS sheet can be gradually spread and bonded to the surface of the forming punch 11 from top to bottom. The gas between the ABS sheet and the forming punch 11 is discharged in a directional and orderly manner from high to low, avoiding local air entrapment problems and eliminating forming defects such as bubbles and wrinkles.

[0041] The flow divider housing 2 is placed below the forming punch 11. The bottom of the flow divider housing 2 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe 23. The connecting pipe 23 serves as the main air passage interface and can be connected to a vacuum pump or a positive pressure air source. The flow divider housing 2 is connected to multiple air pipes 21 with closed ends at the top. The air pipes 21 are slidably connected to the corresponding vacuum holes 12. The flow divider housing 2 drives the multiple air pipes 21 to rise and fall synchronously. The outer wall of the air pipe 21 and the closed end are provided with air holes 22 that communicate with its interior. The inner wall of the vacuum hole 12 is provided with an air cavity 13 that cooperates with the air hole 22 for gas flow.

[0042] The lifting and lowering of the diversion housing 2 can simultaneously drive all the air pipes 21 to slide axially inside the vacuum hole 12. The air passage switching is achieved by the alignment and misalignment of the air hole 22 and the corresponding air chamber 13. The height difference is precisely matched for step-by-step adsorption treatment. The height positions of the air chambers 13 are different. The differentiated height layout of the air chambers 13 matches the step height of the top surface of the forming punch 11 one by one, ensuring that the high-position air passage is disconnected and locked first, and the low-position air passage is closed later, realizing the graded negative pressure control logic.

[0043] The inner wall of the vacuum hole 12 below the air chamber 13 is fitted with a sealing ring that is slidably connected to the air pipe 21. The sealing ring maintains the sealing separation between the inner wall of the vacuum hole 12 and the outer wall of the air pipe 21 during the entire sliding process of the air pipe 21, so as to prevent air leakage between air chambers 13 at different heights and ensure the independence of the negative pressure of each zone.

[0044] The air tube 21 is slidably connected to the diversion housing 2, and a spring 24 is fixedly connected between the top of the air tube 21 and the diversion housing 2. When the diversion housing 2 drives the air tube 21 to slide down in the vacuum hole 12, the air chamber 13 is disengaged from the air hole 22 of the air tube 21, and the side wall of the air tube 21 blocks the air hole 22, causing the air chamber 13 to form a sealed cavity. The limiting of the air tube 21 stretches the internal spring 24. Through the sliding of the air tube 21 and the diversion housing 2, the displacement compensation is used for the continuous descent of the diversion housing 2 to prevent the air tube 21 from getting stuck. At the same time, it avoids excessive negative pressure adsorption on the local ABS sheet, which may cause local depression.

[0045] A sealing ring is installed on the diverter housing 2, which is slidably connected to the air pipe 21. The sealing ring on the diverter housing 2 prevents air leakage at the insertion point of the air pipe 21 and ensures the airtightness of the overall air circuit.

[0046] An electric push rod 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the diversion housing 2, and the movable end of the electric push rod 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the forming punch 11. The electric push rod 25 serves as the lifting drive of the diversion housing 2, controlling the sliding stroke of the air pipe 21, thereby regulating the timing of air passage opening and closing, and matching the step-by-step adsorption forming action. An electric push rod 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the base platform 1 to push the forming punch 11 up and down. The electric push rod 14 independently drives the forming punch 11 to rise and fall as a whole, raising the forming punch 11 to perform adsorption forming.

[0047] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-7 As shown, the following solutions address the problems of limited edge clamping and stretching in ABS vacuum forming, excessive concentrated stretching at the center of the sheet, resulting in thinner center wall thickness, tearing and whitening, and large differences in finished product wall thickness:

[0048] In this embodiment, a track seat is fixedly installed on one side of the base platform 1, and a pressure frame 3 and a heating seat 4 are vertically slidably connected on the track seat. The pressure frame 3 and the heating seat 4 are respectively lifted and lowered by a cylinder. The pressure frame 3 is located between the heating seat 4 and the base platform 1. The track seat provides vertical and stable sliding guidance for the pressure frame 3 and the heating seat 4, and the two control the lowering and lifting actions in steps. After the pressure frame 3 moves down, it cooperates with the base platform 1 to clamp the four sides of the plate to prevent the plate from shifting or moving during the forming process.

[0049] A mesh plate is fixedly installed inside the heating base 4, and multiple heating rings 41 are installed at the bottom of the mesh plate, arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. A fan 42 is embedded in the top of the heating base 4. The heating power of the multiple nested heating rings 41 is adjusted in segments. In the early stage of heating and softening, the heat output of the outer ring is greater than that of the inner ring. This allows for targeted and differentiated heating of the edge of the board, improving the degree of edge softening and matching the edge pre-stretching requirements.

[0050] Combined with the air blower 42 blowing air and applying pressure towards the center of the sheet, the difference in softening deformation between the edge and the center of the sheet is further increased, which helps to complete the edge pre-stretching process. In the later stage of heating and softening, the power distribution is switched to achieve uniform heating throughout the entire area. After subsequent vacuum forming, only the air blower 42 is turned on to blow cold air towards the formed ABS for rapid cooling and heat dissipation.

[0051] Conveyor rails 15 are embedded on both sides of the top of the base platform 1, and rotating rollers are rotatably connected between the ends of the conveyor rails 15. One set of rotating rollers is driven by a motor installed on the rail seat. Two sets of conveyor belts 16 are connected between the rotating rollers. The top of the conveyor rails 15 is provided with a limiting groove that slides in contact with the corresponding conveyor belts 16. The top height of the conveyor belts 16 is higher than the top height of the base platform 1.

[0052] The motor drives the rotating roller to feed the conveyor belt 16 intermittently, completing the automatic feeding of the sheet material and the automatic unloading of the finished product. When the pressing frame 3 presses down to clamp the sheet material, the conveyor belt 16 is pressed and embedded into the limiting groove, causing a slight deformation. This fills the gap and improves the sealing of the clamping surface, preventing air leakage at the edge during the pre-blowing and negative pressure forming stages. It also ensures stable airflow pressure at the edge in step one and guarantees consistent edge pre-stretching effect.

[0053] Example 3: Please refer to Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention also proposes the following processing and molding steps for the ABS plastic part:

[0054] Step 1: Edge Pre-stretching and Conditioning: Two sets of conveyor belts 16 intermittently transport the ABS sheet to the forming station on the top surface of the base platform 1. The pressing frame 3 moves down and, combined with the top of the base platform 1, presses down on and fixes the ABS sheet. The conveyor belts 16 deform under pressure to fully fill the limiting groove, improving the sealing between the ABS sheet and the base platform 1. The heating seat 4 descends and abuts against the pressing frame 3. The heating coils 41 inside the heating seat 4 are energized, and the heat generated by the multiple heating coils 41 decreases progressively from the outside to the inside, making the edge of the ABS sheet softer than the center of the sheet. The fan 42 on the top of the heating seat 4 starts and moves towards the center of the sheet. The continued air supply forms a downward auxiliary force; the electric push rod 25 drives the diversion housing 2 to move upward, causing each air pipe 21 to slide inside the corresponding vacuum hole 12. The air cavity 13 at the edge of the forming punch 11 is connected to the air hole 22 on the side wall of the air pipe 21. The external air source is introduced into the lower side of the edge of the sheet through the connecting pipe 23, the diversion housing 2, the air pipe 21, the air hole 22, the air cavity 13, and the vacuum hole 12, forming an upward pushing force on the edge of the ABS sheet, pre-completing the controlled pre-stretching of the sheet edge, compensating for the edge stretching allowance, and suppressing excessive stretching of the sheet center during the forming stage.

[0055] Step 2: Full-area softening, pre-expansion, and pre-treatment for molding preparation: Stop the airflow corresponding to the upper and lower sides of the ABS sheet. Switch the heating power of multiple nested heating coils 41 to gradually increase from the outside to the inside. The ABS sheet is uniformly and fully heated to the molding softening temperature range. The heating seat 4 moves upward along the track seat to avoid and reset. The electric push rod 1 25 drives the diversion housing 2 to move upward, so that all the air chambers 13 of the molding punch 11 are connected to the air holes 22 on the corresponding air pipes 21. Positive pressure airflow is introduced to the lower side of the sheet through the vacuum hole 12, pushing the softened ABS sheet to expand upward as a whole. A spherical pre-stretch deformation is formed in the middle of the sheet. The electric push rod 2 14 is started to drive the molding punch 11 to lift as a whole. After that, the air between the ABS sheet and the molding punch 11 is quickly extracted through multiple vacuum holes 12, and negative pressure vacuum forming is performed.

[0056] Step 3: Top-down stepwise negative pressure adsorption and shaping, stress relief molding: During the negative pressure vacuum forming process, the electric push rod 25 drives the diversion shell 2 to gradually move downwards, and each air pipe 21 slides synchronously within the vacuum hole 12; the air cavity 13 corresponding to the highest position of the forming punch 11 is first disconnected from the air hole 22 of the air pipe 21, and the side wall of the air pipe 21 blocks the air inlet channel of the air cavity 13. The limit of the air pipe 21 stretches the internal spring 24, and the air cavity 13 at the highest position maintains the current constant negative pressure and continues to increase the pressure. The corresponding plate material first adheres to the top surface of the forming punch 11 and locks the adsorption tension; the forming punch 11 is formed from high to low... The air cavities 13 at the lowest height positions are sequentially sealed and pressure-held independently according to height. The air between the sheet and the forming punch 11 is orderly discharged from the high position to the low position of the forming punch 11, eliminating the defects of wrinkles, bubbles, and pits caused by air trapped inside the cavity. The segmented negative pressure forming mode precisely controls the stretching rate of different areas of the sheet, so that the stretching force of the sheet is smooth and balanced, and the orientation of the polymer chains inside the sheet is uniform and consistent, eliminating local stress concentration and significantly reducing the warping and springback deformation of the finished product after demolding. After the sheet is completely conformed to the contour of the forming punch 11 and the pressure holding and cooling are completed, the negative pressure is released.

[0057] Step 4: The electric push rod 25 drives the diversion housing 2 and the air pipe 21 to move upward and reset. The air hole 22 on the air pipe 21 is reconnected with each air chamber 13. Normal pressure positive airflow is introduced between the sheet and the forming punch 11 through the vacuum hole 12. The air pressure is used to assist the smooth separation of the molded plastic part from the forming punch 11. Then the pressing frame 3 moves upward to release the sheet clamping limit. The conveyor belt 16 starts the conveying action to send the molded ABS plastic part out of the molding station, completing a single processing cycle, and conveying the next sheet for feeding and processing.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plastic parts processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process, characterized in that, Includes a base platform (1), and a forming punch (11) is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the base platform (1); The bottom of the forming punch (11) is provided with multiple vacuum holes (12) that penetrate through the top of the punch at different heights. When vacuuming, the multiple vacuum holes (12) from the top of the highest point to the top of the lowest point of the forming punch (11) are sealed in sequence, and the holes are spread and adhered from top to bottom. The gas is discharged in an orderly manner from high to low, avoiding local air stagnation. The flow divider housing (2) is placed below the forming punch (11). The flow divider housing (2) is connected to multiple air pipes (21) with closed ends at the top. The air pipes (21) are slidably connected to the corresponding vacuum holes (12). The flow divider housing (2) drives the multiple air pipes (21) to rise and fall synchronously. The outer wall of the air pipe (21) and the closed end are provided with air holes (22) that communicate with the inside. The inner wall of the vacuum hole (12) is provided with air chambers (13) that cooperate with the air holes (22) for gas flow. The height positions of the air chambers (13) are different.

2. The plastic parts processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of each air cavity (13) is set in a corresponding manner to the different heights of the top of the forming punch (11). The inner wall of the vacuum hole (12) below the air cavity (13) is fitted with a sealing ring that is slidably connected to the air pipe (21). The bottom of the diversion housing (2) is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (23).

3. The plastic parts processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air tube (21) is slidably connected to the diversion housing (2), and a spring (24) is fixedly connected between the top of the air tube (21) and the diversion housing (2). A sealing ring that is slidably connected to the air tube (21) is installed on the diversion housing (2).

4. The plastic parts processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the diversion housing (2) is fixedly installed with an electric push rod (25), and the movable rod end of the electric push rod (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the forming punch (11). The bottom of the base platform (1) is fixedly installed with an electric push rod (14) that pushes the forming punch (11) up and down.

5. The plastic parts processing and molding machine for ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 4, characterized in that, A track seat is fixedly installed on one side of the base platform (1), and a pressure frame (3) and a heating seat (4) are vertically slidably connected on the track seat, with the pressure frame (3) located between the heating seat (4) and the base platform (1).

6. The plastic part processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating seat (4) is fixedly installed with a mesh plate inside, and multiple heating rings (41) are installed at the bottom of the mesh plate in sequence from the inside to the outside. A fan (42) is embedded in the top of the heating seat (4).

7. The plastic part processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base platform (1) has conveyor rails (15) embedded on both sides of its top, and rotating rollers are rotatably connected between the ends of the conveyor rails (15). Two sets of conveyor belts (16) are connected between the rotating rollers. The top of the conveyor rails (15) is provided with a limiting groove that slides in contact with the corresponding conveyor belts (16). The top height of the conveyor belts (16) is higher than the top height of the base platform (1).

8. The plastic part processing and molding machine applied to ABS engineering vacuum forming process according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing and molding steps for this ABS plastic part are as follows: Step 1: Edge pre-stretching and conditioning: The pressure frame (3) moves down and combines with the top of the base platform (1) to press down and fix the ABS sheet. The heating seat (4) descends to abut against the pressure frame (3). The heat generated by multiple heating coils (41) decreases gradually from the outside to the inside, making the edge of the ABS sheet softer than the middle of the sheet. The top fan (42) of the heating seat (4) starts and continuously sends air towards the middle of the sheet to form a downward pressure auxiliary force. The air cavity (13) corresponding to the edge of the forming punch (11) is connected to the air hole (22) on the side wall of the air pipe (21) to introduce low-pressure airflow to the lower side of the sheet edge, forming an upward pushing force on the edge of the ABS sheet. The controlled pre-stretching of the sheet edge is completed in advance to compensate for the edge stretching allowance and suppress excessive stretching of the sheet center during the forming stage. Step 2: Full-area softening, pre-expansion and pre-treatment for molding preparation: The heating power of multiple nested heating coils (41) is switched to gradually increase from the outside to the inside, and the ABS sheet is uniformly and fully heated to the molding softening temperature range. All air cavities (13) of the molding punch (11) are connected to the air holes (22) on the corresponding air pipes (21) respectively, and positive pressure airflow is introduced. The middle part of the sheet forms a spherical pre-stretching deformation. After the molding punch (11) is lifted as a whole, the air between the ABS sheet and the molding punch (11) is quickly extracted through multiple vacuum holes (12) and vacuum-formed under negative pressure. Step 3: Top-down negative pressure adsorption and shaping, stress relief molding: During the negative pressure vacuum forming process, the diversion shell (2) gradually moves downward. The air cavity (13) corresponding to the highest position of the forming punch (11) is first disconnected from the air hole (22) of the air pipe (21). The side wall of the air pipe (21) forms a blockage of the air inlet channel of the air cavity (13). The air pipe (21) limits the stretching of the internal spring (24). The air cavity (13) at the highest position maintains the current negative pressure constant and continues to increase the pressure. The corresponding plate first adheres to the top surface of the forming punch (11) and locks the adsorption pull. The air cavities (13) at the other height positions of the forming punch (11) are arranged in order of height to complete the air passage blockage and independent pressure maintenance in each section. The air between the plate and the forming punch (11) is orderly drained from the high position to the low position of the forming punch (11) to prevent the air from accumulating inside the cavity and causing wrinkles, bubbles, and pit defects.

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