Aerogel composites and methods for making aerogel composites

Abstract

This invention discloses an aerogel composite material and a method for manufacturing the aerogel composite material. The method includes the steps of: providing an aerogel fiber mat comprising aerogel particles, the aerogel particles being impregnated within a porous fiber material by applying an alternating electric field, wherein the voltage range of the alternating electric field is 0.1 kV to 200 kV, the frequency range is 0.1 Hz to 800 Hz, and the application time is 30 seconds to 5 minutes; applying a functional material to the surface of at least one aerogel fiber mat, the surface being located between adjacent aerogel fiber mats, wherein the functional material includes a binder, the binder being used to form a stack of aerogel fiber mats; and hot-pressing the stacked aerogel fiber mats to bond adjacent aerogel fiber mats to obtain the aerogel composite material. The aerogel composite material prepared by the manufacturing method of this invention is obtained by hot-pressing multiple layers of aerogel fiber mats stacked together. Compared with existing aerogel composite materials, this aerogel composite material has the characteristics of high strength, high heat and fire resistance, and adjustable thickness according to requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerogels, and more particularly to an aerogel composite material and a method for manufacturing the aerogel composite material. Background Technology

[0002] Aerogel composites are a new type of material that has attracted widespread attention due to their unique structure and properties. They are made by combining aerogel and fiber materials through a special process. They possess characteristics such as lightweight, high-efficiency thermal insulation, fire resistance, and environmental friendliness, and are widely used in fields such as construction, petroleum, aerospace, and new energy vehicles. Especially in applications requiring high-efficiency thermal insulation and lightweighting, aerogel composites demonstrate advantages over other thermal insulation and fire-resistant materials.

[0003] However, despite the superior performance of aerogel composites in many applications, existing technologies still have some limitations. For example, single-layer aerogel composites have not yet met ideal requirements in terms of fire resistance, thickness, and mechanical strength. Especially at high temperatures, the performance of aerogels deteriorates significantly, limiting their application in some extreme conditions. Single-layer aerogels exhibit poor stability at high temperatures, easily leading to cracking or deformation due to thermal expansion. This results in the material's service life and fire resistance failing to meet practical requirements, limiting their application in high-strength, high-fire-resistance applications.

[0004] Therefore, addressing the shortcomings of aerogel materials in terms of fire resistance, thickness, and mechanical strength has become an important technical issue in current aerogel research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. The summary section of this invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] This invention discloses a method for manufacturing aerogel composite materials. The method includes the following steps:

[0007] An aerogel fiber felt is provided, the aerogel fiber felt comprising aerogel particles, the aerogel particles being impregnated in a porous fiber material by applying an alternating electric field, wherein the voltage range of the alternating electric field is 0.1KV to 200KV, the frequency range is 0.1Hz to 800Hz, and the application time is 30 seconds to 5 minutes.

[0008] A functional material is applied to the surface of at least one aerogel fiber felt, the surface being located between adjacent aerogel fiber felts, wherein the functional material includes a binder for forming a stack of aerogel fiber felts;

[0009] The stacked aerogel fiber felts are bonded together by hot pressing, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing is set to 20 to 500 degrees Celsius and the pressure of the hot pressing is set to 0 to 10 MPa.

[0010] The aerogel composite material prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention is obtained by hot pressing multiple layers of aerogel fiber felt together. Compared with the aerogel composite materials of the prior art, this aerogel composite material has the characteristics of high strength, high heat resistance and fire resistance, and adjustable thickness according to requirements.

[0011] In this embodiment, the temperature of the hot pressing process is set to 70 to 250 degrees Celsius, and the pressure range of the hot pressing process is 0.5 to 4 MPa.

[0012] In the embodiments, the functional material further includes at least one of a light-blocking agent and a phase change agent.

[0013] In the embodiments, the light-blocking agent is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium oxide, and boron nitride, and the mass percentage of the light-blocking agent to the aerogel composite material ranges from 5 wt% to 12 wt%.

[0014] In the embodiments, the binder is in powder or liquid form; the binder is selected from at least one of organic or inorganic adhesives, wherein the organic adhesive includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins; the mass percentage of the binder in the aerogel composite material is 1 to 30 wt%.

[0015] In the embodiments, the binder in the aerogel composite material is 5 to 20 wt% by mass.

[0016] In the embodiments, the density of the aerogel particles ranges from 0.01 g / cm3 to 0.5 g / cm3, and the average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm.

[0017] In the embodiments, the density of the aerogel particles ranges from 0.03 g / cm3 to 0.1 g / cm3, and the average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 50 μm.

[0018] In the embodiments, the porous fiber material is selected from glass fiber mat, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber woven fabric, ceramic fiber mat, paper, polyurethane fiber mat, carbon fiber mat, polypropylene fiber mat, polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat, and combinations thereof.

[0019] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 20 g / m2 and 500 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.3 mm and 4 mm, and the air permeability is between 200 L / m2 / s and 3000 L / m2 / s.

[0020] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 50 g / m2 and 150 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, and the air permeability is between 500 L / m2 / s and 2000 L / m2 / s.

[0021] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 90 g / m2 and 135 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.8 mm and 1.3 mm, and the air permeability is between 1100 L / m2 / s and 1800 L / m2 / s.

[0022] In the embodiments, the polypropylene and glass fiber composite felt is made of a blend of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber, and the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite felt is between 20 kg / m3 and 200 kg / m3, and the thickness is between 1 mm and 20 mm.

[0023] In the embodiments, the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is between 50 kg / m3 and 150 kg / m3, and the thickness is between 3 mm and 10 mm.

[0024] In the embodiments, the mass percentage of the aerogel particles to the aerogel composite material ranges from 10 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0025] In this embodiment, there are at least three pieces of aerogel fiber felt, and the thickness of the aerogel fiber felt is 0.1-5 mm or 0.3-2 mm.

[0026] In an embodiment, the light-blocking agent and / or phase change agent are mixed with the binder and then applied to the surface of at least one piece of the aerogel fiber felt.

[0027] The present invention also discloses an aerogel composite material. The aerogel composite material is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-17, and the aerogel composite material comprises at least two aerogel fiber mats, adjacent aerogel fiber mats being connected by an adhesive;

[0028] The aerogel composite material contains aerogel particles at a mass percentage of 10-50 wt%, and the aerogel composite material contains a binder at a mass percentage of 1-30 wt%.

[0029] In the embodiments, the binder in the aerogel composite material is 5 to 20 wt% by mass.

[0030] In the embodiments, the binder is in powder or liquid form; the binder is selected from at least one of organic or inorganic adhesives, wherein the organic adhesive includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins; the mass percentage of the binder in the aerogel composite material is 1 to 30 wt%.

[0031] In an embodiment, the aerogel fiber mat is an aerogel glass fiber mat, wherein the mass percentage of glass fiber in the aerogel composite material is 5-70 wt%.

[0032] In an embodiment, at least one of a light-blocking agent and a phase change agent is also distributed between adjacent aerogel fiber felts.

[0033] In the embodiments, the light-blocking agent is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium oxide, and boron nitride, and the mass percentage of the light-blocking agent to the aerogel composite material ranges from 5 wt% to 12 wt%.

[0034] In an embodiment, the aerogel fiber felt comprises a porous fiber material and aerogel particles distributed in the porous fiber material, wherein the density of the aerogel particles ranges from 0.01 g / cm3 to 0.5 g / cm3, and the average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm.

[0035] In the embodiments, the porous fiber material is selected from glass fiber mat, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber woven fabric, ceramic fiber mat, paper, polyurethane fiber mat, carbon fiber mat, polypropylene fiber mat, polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat, and combinations thereof.

[0036] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 20 g / m2 and 500 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.3 mm and 4 mm, and the air permeability is between 200 L / m2 / s and 3000 L / m2 / s.

[0037] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 50 g / m2 and 150 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, and the air permeability is between 500 L / m2 / s and 2000 L / m2 / s.

[0038] In the embodiment, the areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 90 g / m2 and 135 g / m2, the thickness is between 0.8 mm and 1.3 mm, and the air permeability is between 1100 L / m2 / s and 1800 L / m2 / s.

[0039] In the embodiments, the polypropylene and glass fiber composite felt is made of a blend of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber, and the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite felt is between 20 kg / m3 and 200 kg / m3, and the thickness is between 1 mm and 20 mm.

[0040] In the embodiments, the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is between 50 kg / m3 and 150 kg / m3, and the thickness is between 3 mm and 10 mm.

[0041] In this embodiment, there are at least three pieces of aerogel fiber felt, and the thickness of the aerogel fiber felt is 0.1-5 mm or 0.3-2 mm.

[0042] The method for manufacturing aerogel composite materials of the present invention employs an aerogel fiber felt obtained through a preparation process using an alternating electric field. The aerogel component of this aerogel fiber felt is aerogel particles. When this aerogel fiber felt is further subjected to heating and pressurization, its structure or properties are not damaged, thereby enabling the hot pressing of multiple layers of aerogel fiber felt into a complete sandwich-like board structure. Due to the stacking of multiple layers of aerogel fiber felt and the addition of various functional materials between the aerogel fiber felts, the prepared aerogel composite material exhibits better performance in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and fire resistance than a single-layer aerogel fiber felt. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The following drawings, which are incorporated herein by reference as part of this invention, are provided for understanding the invention. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and their descriptions, serving to explain the principles of the invention.

[0044] In the attached image:

[0045] Figure 1 A scanning electron microscope image of the vertical cross-section of the aerogel fiber felt used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A scanning electron microscope image of the vertical cross-section of the aerogel fiber felt used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A scanning electron microscope image of a vertical cross-section of a prior art aerogel fiber mat, which is a comparative example according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 A scanning electron microscope image of a vertical cross-section of a prior art aerogel fiber felt, which is a comparative example according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing an aerogel composite material according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0051] To fully understand the present invention, a detailed description is set forth in the following description to illustrate the aerogel composite material of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the aerogel composite material. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art of aerogels. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below; however, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may have other embodiments.

[0052] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form.

[0053] To at least partially solve the above technical problems, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 As shown, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an aerogel composite material. This method may include the following steps:

[0054] S101: An aerogel fiber felt is provided, the aerogel fiber felt comprising porous fiber material and aerogel particles.

[0055] S102: Applying a functional material to the surface of at least one aerogel fiber felt, the surface being located between adjacent aerogel fiber felts, wherein the functional material includes an adhesive for forming a stack of aerogel fiber felts.

[0056] S103: Hot pressing of stacked aerogel fiber felts to bond adjacent aerogel fiber felts, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing is set to 20 to 500 degrees Celsius and the pressure of the hot pressing is set to 0 to 10 MPa.

[0057] The manufacturing method of this invention involves stacking multiple layers of aerogel fiber felt together and then hot-pressing them to prepare an aerogel composite material. Compared with existing aerogel composite materials, this aerogel composite material has advantages such as high strength, high heat and fire resistance, and adjustable thickness.

[0058] Regarding the aforementioned step S101, this step involves an aerogel fiber mat. The aerogel fiber mat mainly comprises a porous fiber material as a substrate and aerogel particles located within the porous fiber material. The aerogel component in the aerogel fiber mat exists in granular (powder) form, unlike the loosely porous aerogels of the prior art. The aerogel particles of the aerogel fiber mat are impregnated within the porous fiber material by applying an alternating electric field. By applying an alternating electric field to the porous fiber material to impregnate the aerogel particles, the aerogel particles are not only impregnated into the porous fiber material but also impregnated relatively uniformly. See also... Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The image shown is an aerogel fiber mat used in an embodiment of the present invention. A scanning electron microscope image of this aerogel fiber mat in a vertical cross-section is shown compared to a comparative example. Figure 3 and Figure 4 (Scanning electron microscope image of prior art aerogel fiber felt) shows that the aerogel particles in the aerogel fiber felt of the present invention are more uniformly distributed and the impregnation amount is relatively large.

[0059] An alternating electric field is an electric field whose magnitude and direction change with time. It is generated by an alternating current (AC) power source, where charges oscillate between positive and negative, causing changes in the electric field. Alternating electric fields are characterized by periodic changes, with their frequency describing the rate of change, measured in Hertz (Hz). The alternating electric field of this invention has a voltage range of 0.1 kV to 200 kV, a frequency range of 1 Hz to 800 Hz, and an application time of 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Those skilled in the art can adjust any of these parameters according to actual usage requirements and product conditions during production.

[0060] The density range of the aerogel particles in the aerogel composite material of the present invention can be 0.01 g / cm³. 3 up to 0.5 g / cm 3 The average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm. Preferably, the density of the aerogel particles can be in the range of 0.03 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.1 g / cm 3 The aerogel particles have an average particle size of less than or equal to 50 μm. For example, the aerogel particles can be from JIOS Aerogel. Aerogel particles (Chinese Patent CN103771428B and US Patent US20220306833, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). The mass percentage of aerogel particles to aerogel composites ranges from 10 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0061] Porous fiber materials can be selected from glass fiber mat, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber woven fabric, ceramic fiber mat, paper, polyurethane fiber mat, carbon fiber mat, polypropylene fiber mat, polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat, and combinations thereof. When the porous fiber material is a glass fiber product, the mass percentage of glass fiber in the aerogel composite material is 5-70 wt%.

[0062] As a preferred option, the porous fiber material can be glass fiber nonwoven fabric with a surface density of 20 g / m³. 2 Up to 500g / m 2 The thickness can range from 0.3mm to 4mm, and the air permeability can be 200L / m². 2 / s to 3000L / m 2 Between / s. More preferably, the areal density can be 50 g / m². 2 Up to 150g / m 2 The thickness can range from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and the air permeability can be 500L / m². 2 / s to 2000L / m 2 Between / s, or a surface density of 90g / m 2 Up to 135g / m 2 The thickness ranges from 0.8mm to 1.3mm, and the air permeability is 1100L / m². 2 / s to 1800L / m 2 Between / s.

[0063] As another preferred embodiment, the porous fiber material can also be selected with a density of 50 kg / m³. 3 Up to 150kg / m 3 The composite felt is made of polypropylene and glass fiber with a thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm. It should be noted that this invention is not limited to the specifically listed types of porous fiber materials; any porous fiber material known to those skilled in the art, or any material equivalent to a porous fiber material capable of accommodating aerogel particles, falls within the scope of protection defined by this invention.

[0064] The aerogel composite material of this invention employs a unique aerogel fiber mat, which gives it significant technical advantages compared to aerogel composite materials manufactured by existing methods such as supercritical drying or slurry impregnation. For example, compared to supercritical drying, this invention does not require complex supercritical equipment or consume large amounts of energy to generate supercritical fluid. It only requires a simple alternating electric field and atmospheric pressure drying method to prepare aerogel powder, and the entire manufacturing process is simple. While ensuring uniform aerogel particle distribution, it can efficiently produce aerogel composite materials, thereby achieving lower input costs and energy consumption. Compared to aerogel slurry impregnation, by avoiding the solvent impregnation process, the aerogel composite material of this invention can maintain the integrity of the particle structure, thus exhibiting superior performance.

[0065] On the other hand, traditional aerogel composite materials, whether manufactured through supercritical drying, slurry impregnation, or other existing technologies, are difficult to process further due to structural limitations. These materials are prone to structural damage after reheating or pressurization, limiting their strength and thickness. In contrast, this invention proposes a novel method for manufacturing aerogel composite materials using an alternating electric field process to obtain aerogel fiber mats. These aerogel fiber mats are composed of aerogel particles. Heating and pressurizing them does not damage their structure or properties, allowing multilayer aerogel fiber mats to be hot-pressed into a sandwich-like, complete sheet structure. Due to the stacking of multiple layers of aerogel fiber mats and the ability to add various functional materials between them, the prepared aerogel composite material exhibits superior strength and thermal insulation / fire resistance compared to single-layer aerogel fiber mats.

[0066] The method for manufacturing aerogel fiber mats can basically include the following steps:

[0067] Feeding: Applying aerogel particles to the surface of the porous fiber material and / or applying aerogel particles to a loader, the loader being at least partially subjected to an alternating electric field; for example, the loader may be a conveyor belt or a rotary feeder, the conveyor belt may be located above the porous fiber material and at least partially within the alternating electric field, the aerogel particles may be conveyed by the conveyor belt, and when the alternating electric field is applied, the aerogel particles located on the conveyor belt may be impregnated within the porous fiber material.

[0068] Processing: Aerogel particles are impregnated within porous fiber materials by applying an alternating electric field. The voltage range of the alternating electric field can be 0.1 kV to 200 kV, and the frequency range can be 0.1 Hz to 800 Hz. The density of the aerogel particles ranges from 0.01 g / cm³. 3 up to 0.5 g / cm 3The average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm. The alternating electric field is applied for 30 seconds to 5 minutes.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the porous fiber material and aerogel particles are placed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, which are electrically insulated from each other by a dielectric and connected to a power source so that the porous fiber material and aerogel particles are subjected to an alternating electric field.

[0070] Regarding step S102, the functional material mainly includes an adhesive, which is used to bond adjacent aerogel fiber mats together through hot pressing. In specific embodiments, the adhesive can be in powder or liquid form. When in powder form, the powdered adhesive can be applied to the surface of the aerogel fiber mat using a powder application device. When in liquid form, the adhesive can be applied to the surface of the aerogel fiber mat by smearing.

[0071] In optional embodiments, the binder may be selected from at least one of organic or inorganic adhesives, wherein the organic adhesive includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins. The binder in the aerogel composite material has a mass percentage of 1 to 30 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the binder in the aerogel composite material has a mass percentage of 5 to 20 wt%.

[0072] Furthermore, to improve the performance of aerogel composites, the functional materials also include at least one of a light-blocking agent and a phase change agent. The light-blocking agent is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium oxide, and boron nitride, and the mass percentage of the light-blocking agent to the aerogel composite ranges from 5 wt% to 12 wt%. The light-blocking agent and the phase change agent can be mixed with the binder beforehand and then applied to the surface of the aerogel fiber felt.

[0073] In step S103, the purpose of hot pressing is to bond the stacked aerogel fiber felts together with an adhesive, thereby forming a board with a predetermined number of layers or thickness. Hot pressing is a prior art technique, and those skilled in the art know how to perform hot pressing on stacked aerogel fiber felts; therefore, it will not be described in detail here.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature setting for the hot pressing process can be from 70 to 250 degrees Celsius. The pressure range for the hot pressing process is from 0.5 to 4 MPa.

[0075] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an aerogel composite material, which is manufactured by the method disclosed herein. The aerogel composite material comprises at least two aerogel fiber mats. Adjacent aerogel fiber mats are connected by an adhesive. The mass percentage of aerogel particles in the aerogel composite material is 10-50 wt%, and the mass percentage of the adhesive in the aerogel composite material is 1-30 wt%.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the aerogel composite material comprises at least three aerogel fiber mats. The aerogel fiber mats are stacked together, with adhesives, light-blocking agents, and phase change agents, among other functional materials, disposed between adjacent aerogel fiber mats, forming a sandwich-like structure. Adjacent aerogel fiber mats are connected by applying an adhesive. Each aerogel fiber mat has a thickness of 0.1-5 mm, or 0.3-2 mm.

[0077] The present invention has been described through the above embodiments. However, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing aerogel composite materials, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: An aerogel fiber felt is provided, the aerogel fiber felt comprising aerogel particles, the aerogel particles being impregnated in a porous fiber material by applying an alternating electric field, wherein the voltage range of the alternating electric field is 0.1KV to 200KV, the frequency range is 0.1Hz to 800Hz, and the application time is 30 seconds to 5 minutes. A functional material is applied to the surface of at least one aerogel fiber felt, the surface being located between adjacent aerogel fiber felts, wherein the functional material includes a binder for forming a stack of aerogel fiber felts; The stacked aerogel fiber felts are bonded together by hot pressing, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing is set to 20 to 500 degrees Celsius and the pressure of the hot pressing is set to 0 to 10 MPa.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the hot pressing process is set to 70 to 250 degrees Celsius, and the pressure range of the hot pressing process is 0.5 to 4 MPa.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional material also includes at least one of a light-blocking agent and a phase change agent.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-blocking agent is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium oxide, and boron nitride, and the mass percentage of the light-blocking agent to the aerogel composite material ranges from 5 wt% to 12 wt%.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder is in powder or liquid form; the binder is selected from at least one of organic or inorganic adhesives, wherein the organic adhesive includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins; the mass percentage of the binder in the aerogel composite material is 1 to 30 wt%.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder in the aerogel composite material has a mass percentage of 5 to 20 wt%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density range of the aerogel particles is 0.01 g / cm³. 3 up to 0.5 g / cm 3 The average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The density range of the aerogel particles is 0.03 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.1 g / cm 3 The average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 50 μm.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous fiber material is selected from glass fiber mat, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber woven fabric, ceramic fiber mat, paper, polyurethane fiber mat, carbon fiber mat, polypropylene fiber mat, polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat, and combinations thereof.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 20 g / m³. 2 Up to 500g / m 2 The thickness ranges from 0.3mm to 4mm, and the air permeability is 200L / m². 2 / s to 3000L / m 2 Between / s.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 50 g / m². 2 Up to 150g / m 2 The thickness is between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, and the air permeability is 500L / m². 2 / s to 2000L / m 2 Between / s.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is between 90 g / m² and 135 g / m². 2 The thickness ranges from 0.8mm to 1.3mm, and the air permeability is 1100L / m². 2 / s to 1800L / m 2 Between / s.

13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is made of a blend of polypropylene fibers and glass fibers, and the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is 20 kg / m³. 3 Up to 200kg / m 3 The thickness ranges from 1mm to 20mm.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is 50 kg / m³. 3 Up to 150kg / m 3 The thickness ranges from 3mm to 10mm.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of the aerogel particles to the aerogel composite material ranges from 10 wt% to 50 wt%.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerogel fiber felt consists of at least three pieces, and the thickness of the aerogel fiber felt is 0.1-5 mm or 0.3-2 mm.

17. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The light-blocking agent and / or phase change agent are mixed with the binder and then applied to the surface of at least one piece of the aerogel fiber felt.

18. An aerogel composite material, characterized in that, The aerogel composite material is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-17, and the aerogel composite material comprises at least two aerogel fiber mats, with adjacent aerogel fiber mats connected by an adhesive. The aerogel composite material contains aerogel particles at a mass percentage of 10-50 wt%, and the aerogel composite material contains a binder at a mass percentage of 1-30 wt%.

19. The aerogel composite material according to claim 18, wherein the binder in the aerogel composite material has a mass percentage of 5 to 20 wt%.

20. The aerogel composite material according to claim 19, characterized in that, The binder is in powder or liquid form; the binder is selected from at least one of organic or inorganic adhesives, wherein the organic adhesive includes at least one of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins; the mass percentage of the binder in the aerogel composite material is 1 to 30 wt%.

21. The aerogel composite material according to claim 18, characterized in that, The aerogel fiber mat is an aerogel glass fiber mat, wherein the mass percentage of glass fiber in the aerogel composite material is 5-70 wt%.

22. The aerogel composite material according to claim 18, characterized in that, At least one of a light-blocking agent and a phase change agent is also distributed between adjacent aerogel fiber felts.

23. The aerogel composite material according to claim 22, characterized in that, The light-blocking agent is selected from at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium oxide, and boron nitride, and the mass percentage of the light-blocking agent to the aerogel composite material ranges from 5 wt% to 12 wt%.

24. The aerogel composite material according to claim 18, characterized in that, The aerogel fiber felt comprises a porous fiber material and aerogel particles distributed within the porous fiber material, wherein the density of the aerogel particles ranges from 0.01 g / cm³. 3 up to 0.5 g / cm 3 The average particle size of the aerogel particles is less than or equal to 500 μm.

25. The aerogel composite material according to claim 24, characterized in that, The porous fiber material is selected from glass fiber mat, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber woven fabric, ceramic fiber mat, paper, polyurethane fiber mat, carbon fiber mat, polypropylene fiber mat, polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat, and combinations thereof.

26. The aerogel composite material according to claim 25, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 20 g / m³. 2 Up to 500g / m 2 The thickness ranges from 0.3mm to 4mm, and the air permeability is 200L / m². 2 / s to 3000L / m 2 Between / s.

27. The aerogel composite material according to claim 26, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 50 g / m². 2 Up to 150g / m 2 The thickness is between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, and the air permeability is 500L / m². 2 / s to 2000L / m 2 Between / s.

28. The aerogel composite material according to claim 27, characterized in that, The areal density of the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 90 g / m³. 2 Up to 135g / m 2 The thickness ranges from 0.8mm to 1.3mm, and the air permeability is 1100L / m². 2 / s to 1800L / m 2 Between / s.

29. The aerogel composite material according to claim 25, characterized in that, The polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is made of a blend of polypropylene fibers and glass fibers, and the density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is 20 kg / m³. 3 Up to 200kg / m 3 The thickness ranges from 1mm to 20mm.

30. The aerogel composite material according to claim 29, characterized in that, The density of the polypropylene and glass fiber composite mat is between 50 kg / m3 and 150 kg / m3, and the thickness is between 3 mm and 10 mm.

31. The aerogel composite material according to claim 18, characterized in that, The aerogel fiber felt consists of at least three pieces, and the thickness of the aerogel fiber felt is 0.1-5 mm or 0.3-2 mm.

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