Battery management device, battery management method, and battery management system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a battery management device, a battery management method, and a battery management system capable of effectively managing a battery for supplying power to a device. A battery management device for an electric vehicle according to an example of the present disclosure can adjust an entry voltage as an entry condition for entering a derating control or a derating rate applied when entering the derating control, in consideration of an internal resistance increased according to a degree of battery deterioration. The battery management device can safely control a battery voltage by the adjusted entry voltage or derating rate, and provide a limited output information to other components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a battery management device and a control method thereof, wherein the battery voltage can be effectively controlled by taking into account the degree of battery degradation. Background Technology

[0002] High-performance batteries are increasingly being used in electronic devices, ranging from electric vehicles equipped with electric motors to unmanned aerial vehicles and renewable energy storage systems (ESS). These high-performance batteries are typically configured as rechargeable batteries, making storage capacity and safety critical.

[0003] High-performance batteries can be controlled using a battery controller, such as a battery management system (BMS), and stable operation can be ensured in electronic devices using these batteries. The battery controller / battery management system can perform various functions, such as: monitoring the battery's voltage, current, and / or temperature; calculating the maximum permissible power during charging and / or discharging; maintaining cell balance; taking protective measures in dangerous situations such as overcurrent and / or short circuits; and recording / monitoring battery charging / discharging and performance data.

[0004] A battery management system can measure the degree of battery degradation during repeated charging and / or discharging, but may not take any action to address any effects of such degradation, such as the increase in internal resistance caused by it.

[0005] Therefore, an improved battery management system is needed for high-performance batteries.

[0006] The descriptions in this background section are intended only to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission that they correspond to prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following overview presents a simplified overview of some features. This overview is not an exhaustive summary and is not intended to identify key or important elements.

[0008] Systems, apparatuses, and methods for a battery management device are described. The battery management device may include: a battery; one or more sensors configured to measure one or more of the following: battery voltage, battery temperature, and battery current; and a battery controller. The battery controller may be configured to: receive information from one or more sensors based on one or more of voltage, temperature, and current; based on the information, determine an increase in internal resistance associated with battery degradation; based on the increase in internal resistance, adjust at least one of the following: an input voltage for initiating derating control to limit battery output, and a derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used to limit battery output based on derating control triggered after the battery voltage reaches the input voltage; and control battery output based on at least one of the adjusted input voltage and derating rate.

[0009] Alternatively, the battery management system may include: a battery; one or more sensors associated with the battery; one or more devices configured to receive power from the battery; and a battery controller configured to: receive information indicating the health status of the battery from the one or more sensors associated with the battery; determine, based on the information, an increase in the internal resistance of the battery; adjust, based on the increase in internal resistance, at least one of: an input voltage for triggering derating control of the battery, and a derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used to limit the output of the battery based on the battery voltage reaching the input voltage; and cause the battery to output power to the one or more devices based on at least one of the adjusted input voltage and derating rate.

[0010] A battery management method may include: receiving information from one or more sensors of the battery, including battery voltage, battery temperature, and battery current, by a battery controller; determining, based on the information, an increase in internal resistance associated with battery degradation; adjusting, based on the increase in internal resistance, at least one of: an entry voltage for initiating derating control to limit battery output, and a derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used for derating control triggered after the battery voltage reaches the entry voltage to limit battery output; and, after the battery voltage reaches the entry voltage, outputting a current output limit value by the battery controller based on the derating rate; and controlling the power output by the battery based on at least one of the adjusted entry voltage and derating rate and the current output limit value.

[0011] These and other features and advantages are described in more detail below. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1An example of the configuration of a battery management device applied to an electric vehicle according to an embodiment is shown;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of a battery controller managing limited outputs according to an embodiment;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of an entry voltage adjustment operation considering the degree of degradation according to an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 4 An example of a derating rate adjustment operation considering the degree of degradation according to an implementation method is shown;

[0017] Figure 5 An example of derating control in a battery in its initial state according to an embodiment is shown;

[0018] Figure 6 An example of the result of derating control performed without adjusting derating conditions in a battery with increased internal resistance is shown;

[0019] Figure 7 An example of derating control performed according to an embodiment when the input voltage has been adjusted in a battery with increased internal resistance is shown; and

[0020] Figure 8 An example of derating control performed according to an embodiment when the derating rate has been adjusted in a battery with increased internal resistance is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the following description, the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or similar elements are given the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings, so repeated descriptions of identical or similar elements will be omitted. Furthermore, when describing the embodiments set forth in the specification, detailed descriptions of known related technologies will be omitted if it is determined that the description may obscure the subject matter of this disclosure. It should also be understood that the accompanying drawings are provided only for ease of understanding of the embodiments set forth herein, and the technical concept of this disclosure is not limited to the drawings and includes all modifications, equivalents, or substitutions falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0022] For the purposes of this application and claims, the exemplary phrases “at least one: A; B; or C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” are used, which means “at least one A, or at least one B, or at least one C, or at least one A, at least one B, and at least one C.” Furthermore, as used herein, exemplary phrases such as “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “at least one of A, B, or C,” etc., may represent each listed item or all possible combinations of listed items. For example, “at least one of A or B” may refer to (1) at least one A; (2) at least one B; or (3) at least one A and at least one B. “One or more” is synonymous with “at least one” herein.

[0023] Throughout this disclosure, references to a unit (e.g., a control unit) generally refer to items that can be logically grouped together to perform a function or a group of related functions. Units can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. The components, units, modules, and / or functions described above can be implemented and / or performed by one or more processors. For example, units may include processors, microprocessors, graphics processing units, logic circuits, application-specific circuits, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable array logic, field-programmable gate arrays, controllers, microcontrollers, and / or other suitable hardware. These units may also include software control modules, for example, implemented using processors or logic circuits. These units may include or otherwise be able to access memory, such as one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media, such as random access memory, read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, flash memory / other memory devices, data registers, databases, and / or other suitable hardware. One or more storage type media may include any or all of the tangible memory of a computer, processor, etc., or its associated modules, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives, etc., which can be readily provided as non-transitory storage for software programming.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the terms used herein (including technical or scientific terms) may have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Unless the context otherwise indicates, singular expressions used herein may include the meaning of the plural, and this also applies to the singular expressions described in the claims. The expression “based on” as used herein is intended to describe one or more factors influencing the behavior or operation of a determination or decision described in a phrase or sentence including such expression, and this expression does not exclude any additional factors influencing the behavior or operation of the determination or decision.

[0025] Depending on the context, the expression “configured to” as used herein can have meanings such as “set to,” “capable of,” “modified to,” “to do,” “able to,” etc. The expression is not limited to the meaning of “specifically designed in hardware.” For example, a processor configured to perform a specific operation can refer to a general-purpose processor capable of performing a specific operation by executing software, or to a special-purpose computer constructed by programming to perform a specific operation.

[0026] Ordinal terms such as "first" and "second" can be used to distinguish various elements, but elements are not limited by terms. The terms mentioned above are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from other elements.

[0027] When an element is referred to as “connected” or “coupled” to any other element, it should be understood that the element can not only be directly connected or coupled to other elements, but other elements can also exist between them. Conversely, when an element is referred to as “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to any other element, it should be understood that no other elements exist between them.

[0028] Singular expressions can include plural expressions unless they are explicitly different in the context.

[0029] As used herein, the expressions “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the presence of the mentioned features, quantities, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof, and should be construed as not excluding the possible presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0030] The term "unit" or "controller," often used in names such as "motor control unit (MCU)," is a broad term used to name controllers configured to control specific functions of a vehicle and does not imply a general-purpose functional unit. A control unit (e.g., a controller) may include communication devices that communicate with other controllers or sensors to control one or more functions and / or operations it is responsible for; memory that stores the operating system, logic commands, and input / output information; and / or one or more processors that perform the determinations, calculations, and decisions necessary to perform the functions it is responsible for. A controller may include, for example, a processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a microchip, logic, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), memory, etc. A controller may manipulate and / or control other components in the system (e.g., a vehicle). For example, to control the functions it is responsible for, a control unit may include: a communication device / interface configured to communicate with sensors or another control unit; memory configured to store the operating system, logic commands, and / or input / output information; and at least one processor configured to perform the determinations, calculations, decisions, etc., necessary to perform the control functions.

[0031] Examples of this disclosure control battery voltage by adjusting the input voltage (e.g., a reference voltage used for input derating control) and / or the derating rate (e.g., slew rate). The derating rate can be the rate at which the output decreases when / if derating control is performed based on battery degradation (e.g., in response to reaching the input voltage).

[0032] For ease of explanation, the battery management device will be described below in the context of a vehicle. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto and can be applied to various electronic devices and vehicles other than vehicles and / or energy storage systems (ESS). Examples of this disclosure may include derating control to prevent overvoltage (e.g., during battery charging) and / or derating control to prevent undervoltage (e.g., during battery discharging). Battery charging may include charging from an external power source and / or charging via current generated by a load (such as a motor) connected to the battery.

[0033] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, will illustrate the battery management device and the associated battery management method.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a battery management device applied to electric vehicles, serving as an example of a battery management device applicable to various implementation methods.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 The electric vehicle according to the embodiment may include a battery management device 110, a charging controller 120, and a vehicle control unit 130. Furthermore, the battery management device 110 may include a battery controller 111 and a battery 112. Figure 1 The examples shown are primarily associated with the components described herein, and in actual implementations of electric vehicles, more or fewer components may be included than those shown.

[0036] Vehicle 100 can receive power from battery 112 via battery management device 110 to supply power to drive source and electronic devices. Battery controller 111 can be used to control the state of charge and / or state of discharge of battery 112, protect battery 112, and / or provide limited power information to one or more other controllers (such as charging controller 120 and / or vehicle control unit 130).

[0037] If an external charging device, such as an electric vehicle power supply unit (EVSE), is connected to vehicle 100 (e.g., via a charging cable), charging controller 120 can exchange data required for charging with the EVSE (e.g., via wired and / or wireless communication) and thereby control the charging process. For example, charging controller 120 can control the charging current and voltage (e.g., to prevent overcharging) based on limiting output information received from battery controller 111. As a non-limiting example, charging controller 111 can be implemented in the form of a vehicle charging management system (VCMS).

[0038] The vehicle control unit (VCU) 130 can be used as an advanced controller to perform one or more integrated control functions of a power electronic (PE) system. For example, in an electric vehicle (EV), the VCU 130 can determine the driver-requested torque based on the degree of accelerator pedal operation, and can transmit a corresponding torque command to a motor controller (not shown) and / or a regenerative torque command to a motor controller based on the braking-requested torque. As an example of this disclosure, the VCU 130 can determine a torque command and / or a regenerative torque command within the range of the limit output information received from the battery controller 111, ensuring that the battery input / output power does not exceed the limit output information.

[0039] When vehicle 100 receives power from an external charging device, the limiting output information output by battery controller 111 can be referenced / used by charging controller 120. When vehicle 100 is in motion / operation for generating / determining vehicle control commands, and / or when controlling the charging and / or discharging of battery 112, the limiting output information output by battery controller 111 can be referenced / used by vehicle control unit 130.

[0040] Based on the configuration of the battery management device described herein, the method for outputting battery voltage management and limiting output information according to the embodiment is as follows.

[0041] The battery controller 111 of the battery management device 110 can acquire information about the battery's voltage, temperature, and / or current. One or more sensors (e.g., voltage sensors, temperature sensors, and / or current sensors) can be configured to measure the battery's voltage, temperature, and / or current, and the battery controller 111 can receive the measured voltage, temperature, and / or current of the battery 112 and / or information based on the measured voltage, temperature, and / or current of the battery 112 (e.g., information indicating that one or more of the battery's voltage, temperature, and / or current meet one or more criteria associated with potential battery degradation). The battery controller 111 can determine the degree of battery degradation based on one or more indications such as the state of health (SOH) of the battery 112. For example, the battery controller 111 can determine / calculate the SOH of the battery 112 based on the received battery voltage, temperature, and / or current (e.g., via a programmed calculation process). For example, to ensure safe operation of the battery, output limiting control (e.g., derating control) can be performed to control the battery voltage such that the voltage does not fall below a lower voltage limit or rise above an upper voltage limit. Derating control is described below.

[0042] Whether to enter derating control can be determined based on whether the voltage of battery 112 meets voltage conditions for battery 112. Voltage conditions may include an upper limit entry voltage and / or a lower limit entry voltage. The upper limit entry voltage can be configured / determined, for example, based on a voltage margin according to a predetermined upper limit voltage for overcharge / overvoltage protection of the battery. The upper limit entry voltage can be applied as a voltage condition based on a voltage rise in battery 112 (e.g., during charging). For example, the upper limit entry voltage can be applied as a voltage condition based on a measured voltage indicating that the voltage is rising (e.g., received from a voltage sensor) and / or another indication that the voltage of battery 112 is rising. The lower limit entry voltage can be configured / determined, for example, based on a predetermined lower limit voltage for over-discharge / undervoltage protection of the battery. The lower limit entry voltage may have a higher voltage margin than a predetermined lower limit voltage. The lower limit entry voltage can be applied as a voltage condition based on a voltage drop in battery 112 (e.g., during discharging). For example, the lower limit entry voltage can be applied as a voltage condition based on a measured voltage (e.g., received from a voltage sensor) indicating that the voltage of battery 112 is decreasing and / or another indication that the voltage of battery 112 is decreasing. Therefore, derating control can be activated based on a rise in the voltage of battery 112 to meet (e.g., reach and / or exceed) the upper limit entry voltage and / or based on a drop in voltage to meet (e.g., reach and / or drop below) the lower limit entry voltage.

[0043] The battery controller 111 may apply a derating rate (e.g., conversion rate) to reduce the current limiting output over time based on determining that derating control is required. The battery controller 111 may output information about the current limiting output (e.g., based on the application of the derating rate) (referred to herein as “limiting output information”) in real time (e.g., at generation / based on generation) and / or at predetermined intervals (e.g., as batch information). As described herein, the charging controller 120 and / or the vehicle control unit 130 may, depending on the circumstances, refer to the limiting output information to adjust the charging and / or discharging rates to prevent the voltage of the battery 112 from reaching a predetermined upper limit voltage and / or a predetermined lower limit voltage.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of a battery controller managing a limited output according to an embodiment. For convenience, the steps are described using an example in which the processor circuitry performs the steps. Figure 2 . Figure 2 One, some, or all of the steps or portions thereof in the exemplary method may be performed by one or more other circuits. Figure 2 One or more steps of the exemplary method may be omitted, performed in a different order, and / or modified in other ways, and / or one or more additional steps may be added.

[0045] refer to Figure 2 The battery controller 111 can determine derating conditions (S210). Derating conditions may include (e.g., if / when derating control is entered) the applied input voltage and / or derating rate. If the battery 112 is in an initial state (e.g., birth of life (BOL)), the derating conditions may be default conditions (e.g., initially programmed). One or more of the conditions (e.g., according to the default conditions) may be adjusted depending on, for example, a degradation indication of the battery 112 (e.g., a change in internal resistance due to degradation of the battery 112). (See reference...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 Describe an exemplary adjustment method.

[0046] Battery controller 111 can measure / determine the voltage of battery 112 (S220). Battery controller 111 can receive a measured voltage value from a voltage sensor configured to measure the voltage of battery 112. Additionally, or alternatively, battery controller 111 can receive information based on the measured voltage (S220), e.g., from the voltage sensor. Battery controller 111 can compare the measured voltage with one or more threshold voltages (e.g., an upper threshold voltage and / or a lower threshold voltage, depending on the direction of change) to determine whether derating control is initiated (S230). Additionally, or alternatively, information based on the measured voltage (S220) can indicate the result of the comparison with one or more threshold voltages (e.g., the information can indicate whether the measured voltage meets one or more threshold voltages) (S230). For example, battery controller 111 and / or the voltage sensor can determine whether the voltage of battery 112 has reached the upper threshold voltage based on a rise in battery voltage, and / or determine whether the voltage of battery 112 has reached the lower threshold voltage based on a drop in battery voltage.

[0047] If the voltage of battery 112 meets (e.g., has reached and / or exceeded) the input voltage (Yes in S230), then battery controller 111 can output limit output information adjusted by applying derating rate (S240).

[0048] If the voltage of battery 112 does not meet (e.g., does not reach and / or is less than) the input voltage (No in S230), battery controller 111 may output limiting output information based on the current state of the battery (e.g., state of charge and / or temperature, etc.) (e.g., instead of ground or / without applying a derating rate) (S250).

[0049] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A more detailed description Figure 2 The determination of derating conditions (S210) is described herein. As described herein, derating conditions may include the input voltage and / or the derating rate. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The entry voltage determination operation S210A is described, and references are made. Figure 4 Description of the reduction rate determination operation S210B.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of an input voltage adjustment operation considering the degree of degradation according to an embodiment. For convenience, the steps are described using an example in which they are performed by a processor circuit. Figure 3 . Figure 3 One, some, or all of the steps or portions thereof in the exemplary method may be performed by one or more other circuits. Figure 3One or more steps of the exemplary method may be omitted, performed in a different order, and / or modified in other ways, and / or one or more additional steps may be added.

[0051] refer to Figure 3 The battery controller 111 can determine the internal resistance based on / based on the degree of degradation of the battery 112 (e.g., state of health (SOH)) (S211). Various methods for determining the internal resistance based on SOH are well known to those skilled in the art, and a detailed description of the determination process will be omitted. Based on the internal resistance, the battery controller 111 can adjust the upper limit margin (S212A) and / or the lower limit margin (S213A).

[0052] For example, the upper limit margin can be obtained by multiplying a predetermined margin (e.g., based on the initial / default (BOL) state) by the percentage increase in internal resistance. That is, if / when the current internal resistance increases by 10% compared to the initial state, the upper limit margin can be adjusted to 1.1 times. As the upper limit margin increases, the upper limit entry voltage can be decreased accordingly. The method for obtaining the lower limit margin can be similar to the method for obtaining the upper limit margin, and therefore redundant descriptions will be omitted.

[0053] For example, battery controller 111 can be configured to adjust the upper limit input voltage according to Equation 1 during / based on battery charging:

[0054] [Equation 1]

[0055]

[0056] Among them, V UE It is the adjusted upper limit input voltage, V UT This is the predetermined upper limit voltage of the battery. It is the upper limit input voltage before adjustment, R 0 R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, R is the internal resistance after the increase based on the degree of degradation, and w1 is the first weight.

[0057] The battery controller can also, or alternatively, be configured to adjust the lower limit input voltage according to Equation 3 during / based on battery discharge:

[0058] [Equation 3]

[0059]

[0060] Among them, V LE It is the adjusted lower limit entry voltage, V LT This is the predetermined lower limit battery voltage. It is the lower limit entry voltage before adjustment, R 0R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, R is the internal resistance after the increase based on the degree of degradation, and w1 is the first weight.

[0061] The battery controller 111 can determine the upper limit entry voltage (e.g., upper limit voltage minus upper limit margin) based on the obtained upper limit margin (S214A), and / or determine the lower limit entry voltage (i.e., lower limit voltage plus lower limit margin) based on the obtained lower limit margin (S215A).

[0062] Figure 4 An example of a derating rate adjustment operation considering the degree of degradation according to an implementation is shown. For convenience, the steps are described by way of an example in which they are executed by processor circuitry. Figure 4 . Figure 4 One, some, or all of the steps, or a portion thereof, of the exemplary method may be performed by one or more other circuits. (The following can be omitted.) Figure 4 One or more steps of the exemplary method may be performed in a different order and / or modified in another way, and / or one or more additional steps may be added.

[0063] refer to Figure 4 The battery controller 111 can determine the internal resistance based on the degree of battery degradation (e.g., SOH) (S211). The battery controller 111 can adjust the upper limit derating rate based on the determined internal resistance (S212B), and / or adjust the lower limit derating rate based on the determined internal resistance (S213B).

[0064] For example, the upper derating rate can be obtained by multiplying a predetermined derating rate (e.g., based on the initial / default (BOL) state) by the percentage increase in internal resistance. For example, assuming an initial derating rate (switching rate) of 1.0, if the current internal resistance has increased by 10% from the initial state, the upper derating rate can be adjusted to 1.1. The method for obtaining the lower derating rate can be similar to the method for obtaining the upper derating rate, and therefore redundant descriptions will be omitted.

[0065] Can be performed individually and / or together Figure 3 The entry voltage regulation and described in Figure 4The derating rate adjustment described herein. In this case, weights can be assigned to the adjustment process (e.g., according to the needs / objectives of those skilled in the art). The weights can be changed based on the vehicle's condition. For example, if the condition / objective is to use high discharge output for as long as possible, the weight of the lower limit entering voltage adjustment can be reduced to delay entering derating control, but after entering derating control, the weight of the derating rate adjustment can be increased to quickly reduce the output and achieve undervoltage protection. For example, if / when the condition / objective is to achieve stable battery protection, the weight of the lower limit entering voltage adjustment can be increased to accelerate entering derating control, and / or the weight of the derating rate adjustment can be reduced to apply the output limit more gradually.

[0066] For example, the battery controller can be configured to adjust the upper voltage derating rate according to Equation 2 during / based on battery charging:

[0067] [Equation 2]

[0068]

[0069] Among them, SR U This is the adjusted upper limit voltage derating rate. It is the upper limit voltage derating rate before adjustment, R 0 R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, R is the internal resistance after the increase according to the degree of degradation, and w2 is the second weight.

[0070] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the lower limit voltage derating rate according to Equation 4 during / based on battery discharge:

[0071] [Equation 4]

[0072]

[0073] Among them, SR L This is the adjusted lower limit voltage derating rate. It is the lower limit voltage derating rate before adjustment, R 0 R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, R is the internal resistance after the increase according to the degree of degradation, and w2 is the second weight.

[0074] The following text will use parametric diagrams to illustrate the effects of the examples in this paper to explain the effects of adjusting / different depreciation conditions.

[0075] Figure 5 An example of derating control in a battery in its initial state according to an embodiment is shown.

[0076] refer to Figure 5While charging the battery at maximum output in BOL state, the battery voltage reaches the upper limit entry voltage (e.g., ~time = 700), and therefore, the battery controller 111 can enter derating control. Under derating control, the output is limited to the limited output obtained by applying a derating rate (here, 1.0), and the battery voltage can be kept below the upper limit voltage.

[0077] Figure 6 An example of the result of derating control performed without adjusting derating conditions in a battery with increased internal resistance is shown.

[0078] exist Figure 6 In this context, it is assumed that each reduction condition is related to... Figure 5 The situation is the same as in the case of BOL (e.g., under BOL). In this case, if / when derating control is entered at the upper limit voltage based on BOL, the increase in battery voltage occurs faster due to the increase in internal resistance caused by battery degradation than in BOL. The derating rate also remains unchanged (e.g., the derating rate under BOL), so the battery voltage is shown as exceeding the upper limit voltage despite derating control.

[0079] Figure 7 An example of derating control performed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the input voltage has been adjusted in a battery with increased internal resistance is shown.

[0080] As the battery degrades, the upper limit of the inlet voltage can be adjusted to be lower based on the rate of increase in internal resistance. Therefore, in Figure 7 In, with Figure 6 Unlike the situation in China, the entry into depreciation control can occur earlier (e.g., compared to...). Figure 6 Compared to the example above), the battery voltage can be kept below the upper limit voltage.

[0081] Figure 8 An example of derating control is shown, wherein, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the derating rate has been adjusted in a battery with increased internal resistance.

[0082] As the battery degrades, the derating rate can be adjusted to be higher (e.g., 1.6%) based on the rate of increase in internal resistance. Therefore, in Figure 8 In the middle, entering the reduction control can be done in conjunction with Figure 6 It occurs at the same time point / condition, but the constrained output can decrease more quickly, making it different from... Figure 6 In this case, despite the increase in internal resistance, the battery voltage remains below the upper limit voltage.

[0083] According to the embodiments described herein, considering the degree of battery degradation, the battery management device 110 can manage the battery voltage by ingress voltage regulation and / or derating rate regulation. The battery management device 110 (e.g., battery management controller 111) can transmit limiting output information to other devices. Furthermore, the battery management device 110 can adjust the weights in the ingress voltage regulation and / or derating rate regulation to provide derating optimized for the state of the device and / or the intended goals for battery 112 management. This can prevent excessive voltage rises or falls in the battery, thereby slowing battery degradation and thus mitigating performance degradation.

[0084] Various aspects of this disclosure are intended to provide apparatus and methods for battery management, wherein an effective battery operation strategy can be provided in response to battery degradation.

[0085] The technical effects to be achieved in the examples disclosed herein are not limited to those mentioned herein. Those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains will clearly understand from this specification other technical effects not mentioned herein.

[0086] As a means of addressing existing technical problems (e.g., as described herein and otherwise in related technologies), this disclosure provides a battery management device comprising: a battery; and a battery controller configured to: adjust at least one of the following based on the degree of increase in internal resistance according to the degree of battery degradation: an input voltage for entering derating control to limit the battery output; and a derating rate (conversion rate), wherein the output is limited when the battery controller enters derating control when the battery voltage reaches the input voltage.

[0087] For example, when derating control is applied based on the input voltage, the battery controller can also be configured to output a current output limit value determined based on the derating rate.

[0088] For example, the entry voltage may include an upper limit entry voltage applied during battery charging and a lower limit entry voltage applied during battery discharging.

[0089] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the upper limit voltage based on a predetermined upper limit voltage, upper limit input voltage, and the degree of increase in internal resistance.

[0090] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to: determine the upper limit margin by multiplying the value obtained by subtracting the upper limit entry voltage from the upper limit voltage by the degree of increase in internal resistance; and adjust the upper limit entry voltage by subtracting the determined upper limit margin from the upper limit voltage.

[0091] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the lower limit voltage based on a predetermined lower limit battery voltage, a lower limit input voltage, and the degree of increase in internal resistance.

[0092] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to: determine the lower limit margin by multiplying the value obtained by subtracting the battery lower limit voltage from the lower limit entry voltage by the degree of increase in internal resistance; and adjust the lower limit entry voltage by adding the determined lower limit margin to the battery lower limit voltage.

[0093] For example, derating rates can include an upper voltage derating rate applied during battery charging and a lower voltage derating rate applied during battery discharging.

[0094] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the derating rate by multiplying the derating rate by the value obtained by the increase in internal resistance.

[0095] For example, when adjusting both the input voltage and the derating rate, the battery controller can also be configured to apply different weights to the input voltage and the derating rate.

[0096] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the input voltage according to Equation 1 and / or adjust the derating rate according to Equation 2 during battery charging.

[0097] [Equation 1]

[0098]

[0099] [Equation 2]

[0100]

[0101] Among them, V UE It is the adjusted input voltage, V UT This is the predetermined upper limit voltage of the battery. It is the input voltage before adjustment, SR U This is the adjusted reduction rate. This is the pre-adjustment reduction rate, R. 0 R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, and R is the internal resistance after the increase according to the degree of degradation. w1 is the first weight, and w2 is the second weight.

[0102] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to adjust the input voltage according to Equation 3 and the derating rate according to Equation 4 during battery discharge.

[0103] [Equation 3]

[0104]

[0105] [Equation 4]

[0106]

[0107] Among them, V LE It is the adjusted input voltage, V LT This is the predetermined lower limit battery voltage. It is the input voltage before adjustment, SR L This is the adjusted reduction rate. This is the pre-adjustment reduction rate, R. 0 R is the battery internal resistance before the increase, R is the internal resistance after the increase according to the degree of degradation, w1 is the first weight (which may be the same as or different from Equation 1), and w2 is the second weight (which may be the same as or different from Equation 2).

[0108] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to have a first state or a second state; in the first state, a first weight is determined to be a value greater than a second weight; while in the second state, the first weight is determined to be a value less than a second weight.

[0109] For example, the battery controller can also be configured to determine the extent of the increase in internal resistance based on the battery's initial internal resistance and the current internal resistance determined according to the degree of battery degradation.

[0110] Furthermore, examples of this disclosure may provide a battery management method comprising: adjusting, based on the degree of battery degradation and the extent of increase in internal resistance, at least one of the following: an input voltage for entering derating control to limit the battery output, and a derating rate, wherein the output is limited when derating control is entered as the battery voltage reaches the input voltage; and when derating control is entered based on the input voltage, outputting a current output limit value determined based on the derating rate by the battery controller.

[0111] For example, the battery management method may also include: determining the degree of degradation by the battery controller before adjustment operations; and determining the degree of increase in internal resistance based on the determined degree of degradation.

[0112] According to at least one example of this disclosure, stable voltage control is feasible from the beginning of battery life (BOL) to the end of battery life (EOL), thereby slowing down battery degradation and improving battery stability.

[0113] In particular, the battery management device can more effectively control the voltage by using different control methods based on the power usage pattern.

[0114] The beneficial effects obtainable from this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned herein. Those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains will clearly understand from this disclosure other effects not mentioned herein.

[0115] The foregoing disclosure can also be embodied in computer-readable code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium is any data storage device capable of storing data that can subsequently be read by a computer system and storing and executing program instructions that can subsequently be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable recording media include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), silicon disk drives (SDDs), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and media implemented as carrier waves (e.g., transmission over the Internet). Examples of program instructions include machine language code (such as machine language code generated by a compiler) and high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed in a limiting sense, but rather should be considered in all respects in an illustrative sense. The scope of this disclosure should not be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes and modifications within the equivalent scope of this disclosure fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery management device, comprising: Battery; One or more sensors are configured to measure one or more of the following: The voltage of the battery; The temperature of the battery; as well as The current of the battery; and The battery controller is configured as follows: Receive information from one or more of the voltage, temperature and current from the one or more sensors; Based on the information, determine the amount of increase in internal resistance associated with the degradation of the battery; Based on the increase in internal resistance, adjust at least one of the following: The input voltage is used to initiate derating control to limit the battery's output, and Derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used to limit the output of the battery based on derating control triggered after the battery voltage reaches the input voltage; and The output of the battery is controlled based on at least one of the adjusted input voltage and the derating rate.

2. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to output a current output limit value based on the derating rate after the derating control is triggered.

3. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein, The entry voltage includes: the upper limit entry voltage used when the battery is charging, and the lower limit entry voltage used when the battery is discharging.

4. The battery management device of claim 3, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to adjust the upper limit input voltage based on a predetermined upper limit battery voltage and the increase in the internal resistance.

5. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to: The upper limit margin is determined by multiplying the difference between the upper limit input voltage and the upper limit battery voltage by the increase in internal resistance; and The upper limit entry voltage is determined by subtracting a determined upper limit margin from the upper limit voltage of the battery.

6. The battery management device according to claim 3, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to adjust the lower limit entry voltage based on a predetermined lower limit battery voltage and the increase in the internal resistance.

7. The battery management device of claim 6, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to: The lower limit margin is determined by multiplying the difference between the battery lower limit voltage and the lower limit entry voltage by the increase in internal resistance; and The lower limit entry voltage is adjusted by adding the determined lower limit margin to the lower limit voltage of the battery, thereby determining the adjusted lower limit entry voltage.

8. The battery management device of claim 3, wherein, The derating rate includes: the upper limit voltage derating rate used when the battery is charging, and the lower limit voltage derating rate used when the battery is discharging.

9. The battery management device of claim 8, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to adjust the derating rate based on a value obtained by multiplying the derating rate by the increase in internal resistance.

10. The battery management device of claim 8, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to: adjust each of the upper limit entry voltage and the lower limit entry voltage based on a first weight, and adjust the derating rate based on a second weight.

11. The battery management device of claim 10, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to: Adjust the upper limit voltage according to Equation 1: [Equation 1] and Adjust the upper voltage derating rate according to Equation 2: [Equation 2] Among them, V UE It is the adjusted upper limit input voltage, V UT This is the predetermined upper limit voltage of the battery. It is the upper limit of the input voltage before adjustment, SR U This is the adjusted upper limit voltage derating rate. It is the upper limit voltage derating rate before adjustment, R 0 R is the initial internal resistance, w1 is the first weight, and w2 is the second weight.

12. The battery management device according to claim 10, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to: Adjust the lower limit entry voltage according to Equation 3: [Equation 3] and Adjust the lower limit voltage derating rate according to Equation 4: [Equation 4] Among them, V LE It is the adjusted lower limit entry voltage, V LT This is the predetermined lower limit battery voltage. It is the lower limit entry voltage before adjustment, SR L This is the adjusted lower limit voltage derating rate. It is the lower limit voltage derating rate before adjustment, R 0 R is the initial internal resistance before the increase, and W1 is the internal resistance after the increase from the initial internal resistance. W1 is the first weight, and W2 is the second weight.

13. The battery management device of claim 11, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to set the first weight to be greater than the second weight.

14. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein, The battery controller is also configured to determine the amount of increase in the internal resistance based on the initial internal resistance of the battery and the current internal resistance of the battery as determined according to the degree of degradation of the battery.

15. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein, The battery controller is configured to control the output of the battery by sending limiting output information based on at least one of the input voltage and the derating rate to an electronic device configured to be powered by the battery, wherein the electronic device receives power based on the at least one of the input voltage and the derating rate based on the limiting output information.

16. A battery management method, comprising: The battery controller receives information from one or more sensors of the battery, based on one or more of the battery's voltage, temperature, and current. Based on the information, determine the amount of increase in internal resistance associated with the degradation of the battery; Based on the increase in internal resistance, adjust at least one of the following: The input voltage is used to initiate derating control to limit the battery's output, and Derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used to limit the output of the battery based on derating control triggered after the battery voltage reaches the input voltage; and After the battery voltage reaches the input voltage, the battery controller outputs the current output limit value based on the derating rate; and The power output by the battery is controlled based on at least one of the adjusted input voltage and the derating rate, and the current output limit value.

17. The battery management method of claim 16, wherein, The increase in internal resistance is determined based on the degree of degradation of the battery.

18. A battery management system, comprising: Battery; One or more sensors are associated with the battery; One or more devices are configured to receive power from the battery; as well as The battery controller is configured as follows: Receive information indicating the health status of the battery from the one or more sensors associated with the battery; Based on the information, determine the amount of increase in the internal resistance of the battery; Based on the increase in internal resistance, adjust at least one of the following: The input voltage is used to trigger the derating control of the battery, and Derating rate, wherein the derating rate is used to limit the output of the battery based on the voltage of the battery reaching the input voltage; and The battery outputs power to the one or more devices based on at least one of the input voltage and the derating rate.

19. The battery management system of claim 18, wherein, Information indicating the health status of the battery includes one or more of voltage, temperature, and current, and The battery controller is configured to determine the health status of the battery based on the information.

20. The battery management system of claim 18, wherein, Making the battery output the power includes: making the battery output the power at an adjusted derating rate, wherein the adjusted derating rate is based on the original derating rate and scaled according to the increase in internal resistance.

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