An anti-static high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides an antistatic, high-toughness thermoformed packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its preparation method. The packaging box is thermoformed from polymer sheets, and a concentration gradient distribution structure of MXene nanosheets is constructed within the interpenetrating layer of the sheets through a special process combining electric field assistance and programmed drying. This structure gives the outer surface of the packaging box excellent antistatic properties, while the internal matrix of the material retains the high toughness of almost pure polymer. The preparation method mainly includes hydrophilic treatment of the sheet surface, coating with MXene coating liquid to form a wet film, applying a vertical DC electric field in the early stage of drying to guide the directional enrichment of nanosheets, and then forming and locking the gradient structure through multi-stage programmed drying with precise control of temperature gradient and humidity. Finally, the product is obtained by hot pressing and thermoforming. This invention solves the problem of mutual restriction between conductivity and mechanical properties in traditional blended materials, and achieves efficient synergy between antistatic function and matrix toughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blister packaging box manufacturing technology, specifically to an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] As electronic products evolve towards miniaturization, high integration, and high frequency, increasingly stringent requirements are being placed on the protective performance of packaging materials for the integrated circuits and semiconductor components within them during storage and transportation. Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage is one of the core functions of electronic packaging, as the instantaneous discharge caused by accumulated static charge can break down or damage sensitive electronic devices. Simultaneously, the packaging material itself must possess excellent mechanical toughness to withstand compression, collisions, and drops during transportation, ensuring the physical safety of the contents. Therefore, developing packaging materials that combine highly efficient and durable antistatic properties with high mechanical strength has become an important technological direction in the field of electronic packaging.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream techniques for imparting antistatic properties to polymer packaging materials mainly include blending intrinsically conductive polymers, adding conductive fillers, and surface coating with conductive coatings. However, these traditional methods all have significant limitations. First, when using blending, a high proportion of conductive fillers, typically exceeding 2-5 wt%, is usually required to form an effective conductive permeation network. High levels of rigid fillers severely hinder the movement of polymer molecular chains, becoming stress concentration points, leading to a sharp decline in the toughness, ductility, and impact strength of the matrix material, resulting in a contradiction of "increased conductivity, deteriorated mechanical properties." Second, while surface coating with antistatic coatings can retain the mechanical properties of the matrix to some extent, the adhesion between the coating and the matrix is ​​often weak, making it prone to peeling and wear due to friction, bending, or environmental changes, resulting in unstable and short-lived antistatic function. Furthermore, small-molecule antistatic agents also suffer from problems such as easy migration and significant susceptibility to environmental humidity. Therefore, existing technologies struggle to simultaneously achieve stable and reliable high conductivity, excellent mechanical toughness, and good interfacial adhesion at the overall material scale.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its preparation method. Through an asymmetric structural design, the spatially optimized distribution of conductive fillers is achieved at the nanoscale, thereby fundamentally and synergistically enhancing the antistatic function and bulk mechanical properties of the material. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its preparation method, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets, comprising a packaging box body formed by blistering a polymer sheet, wherein MXene nanosheets are dispersed within at least one interpenetrating layer of the polymer sheet, and the concentration of MXene nanosheets within this interpenetrating layer exhibits a decreasing gradient distribution from the surface towards the interior of the sheet; the surface resistivity of the sheet is 10⁻⁶. 3 Ω / sq up to 10 6 Ω / sq.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the interpenetrating layer is 5 to 50 micrometers; the volume resistivity of the interpenetrating layer gradually increases from the outer surface to the interior of the sheet in the thickness direction, wherein the volume resistivity of the outer surface is 1×10⁻⁶. 3 Ω*cm to 1×10 5 Ω*cm, with a volume resistivity of not less than 1×10 at the interface with the internal matrix. 12 Ω*cm.

[0010] As a further preferred option, the bulk plane of the MXene nanosheets tends to be aligned parallel to the surface of the polymer sheet.

[0011] As a further preferred option, the polymer sheet material is selected from one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0012] A method for preparing an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets includes the following steps:

[0013] ① At least one surface of the polymer sheet is hydrophilized;

[0014] ② A coating solution containing MXene nanosheets, surfactants, and binders is applied to the surface of the treated polymer sheet to form a wet film;

[0015] ③ During the drying process of the wet film, a DC electric field with a direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet is applied, and the electric field strength of the DC electric field is 0.8V / μm to 1.5V / μm;

[0016] ④ The wet film after the electric field is applied is subjected to programmed drying to obtain a composite sheet; programmed drying includes:

[0017] In the first stage, slow pre-drying is carried out under conditions of relative humidity of 70%-85% and temperature of 25℃-35℃.

[0018] In the second stage, a vertical temperature gradient is established from the bottom of the sheet to the top of the wet film, with the bottom temperature rising to 50℃-65℃ and the top space temperature maintained at 20℃-30℃, while the relative humidity of the environment is reduced to 40%-55%, so that the wet film dries from top to bottom.

[0019] In the third stage, the temperature is increased to 5°C to 15°C above the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet for final drying.

[0020] ⑤ The composite sheet is vacuum-formed to obtain a vacuum-formed packaging box.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment, in step ②, the concentration of MXene nanosheets in the coating solution is from 0.5 mg / mL to 3.0 mg / mL, and the wet film thickness is from 20 μm to 200 μm.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment, in step ③, the DC electric field is applied through a cathode disposed above the wet film and an anode electrically connected to the polymer sheet substrate.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment, in step ④, the application of the DC electric field continues until the end of the first stage of programmed drying.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment, after step ④ and before step ⑤, a hot-pressing process is further included, wherein the temperature of the hot-pressing process is 10°C to 30°C higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet, and the pressure is 0.5MPa to 2MPa.

[0025] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0026] This invention provides an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This invention utilizes a precise electric field-assisted programmed drying process to construct a gradient distribution structure on the surface of polymer sheets, where the concentration of MXene nanosheets continuously decreases from the outer surface to the interior. This structure physically achieves precise functional zoning: at the outermost edge of the surface, high-concentration MXene nanosheets overlap to form a dense, low-resistivity permeation network, endowing the packaging box surface with excellent antistatic properties and a surface resistivity of 10⁻⁶. 3— 10 6 With a density of Ω / sq, it can effectively conduct away static charge, preventing electrostatic accumulation from damaging precision electronic components. At the same time, the distribution of MXene is strictly limited to an extremely thin surface layer of 5-50 micrometers, and the main body inside the sheet is almost a pure polymer matrix. This fully preserves the intrinsic mechanical properties of the matrix material, such as high toughness and high impact resistance, and solves the inherent contradiction in traditional blended materials where the mechanical properties are significantly reduced due to the uniform addition of conductive fillers.

[0028] Moreover, the gradient distribution ensures that almost all the expensive MXene nanosheets are concentrated in the surface layer where they truly function as conductors, maximizing filler utilization. While achieving equal or even better surface conductivity, the total amount used is far lower than with traditional blending methods. Furthermore, the concentration gradient transition avoids abrupt changes in material properties at the interface, forming a buffer zone for mechanical properties. This enhances the bonding force between the functional surface layer and the matrix, avoiding the risk of easy coating peeling and ensuring the structural integrity and durability of the packaging box during use. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composite sheet structure of the present invention.

[0031] The structure consists of 1 polymer sheet, 2 interpenetrating layer, and 3 MXene nanosheets. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0033] This invention provides a method for preparing an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets, comprising the following steps:

[0034] ① At least one surface of the polymer sheet is hydrophilized to improve its surface energy and ensure good wetting and spreading of the subsequent water-based coating liquid.

[0035] Specifically, the treatment can be performed using low-temperature plasma treatment with a power of 100-500W for 30-120 seconds, or ultraviolet / ozone treatment for 3-5 minutes. The contact angle between the treated surface and deionized water should be less than 30°.

[0036] ② Prepare a coating solution containing MXene nanosheets, surfactants, and binders.

[0037] In this embodiment, MXene nanosheets can be commercially available titanium carbide MXene nanosheet aqueous dispersion, model FMO410189, with a size of 500nm-2μm and a concentration of 5 mg / mL, diluted to 0.5-3.0 mg / mL before use.

[0038] In this embodiment, nonionic surfactants such as Triton™ X-100, Pluronic® F-127, or P123 are selected to reduce the surface tension of the solution, improve spreadability, and assist in the dispersion of nanosheets.

[0039] In this embodiment, a water-soluble polymer, such as chemically pure polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone, is selected as the binder to fix the nanosheets after drying and enhance the interfacial bonding.

[0040] The prepared coating solution is evenly applied to the surface of the hydrophilicated sheet to form a wet film with a thickness of 20-200 micrometers.

[0041] ③ During the drying process of the wet film, a DC electric field perpendicular to the surface of the sheet is applied. The electric field is applied through a cathode set above the wet film and an anode electrically connected to the polymer sheet substrate. The electric field strength is 0.8V / μm to 1.5V / μm.

[0042] Specifically, negatively charged MXene nanosheets are subjected to electrophoretic forces in an electric field, generating a rotational torque that forces their bulk planes to align parallel to the sheet surface. This increases the probability of in-plane contact between nanosheets and reduces the tunneling barrier for electron transport, thereby achieving a lower in-plane surface resistivity with the same filling amount.

[0043] Understandably, in the initial stage of wet film drying, nanosheets may undergo uneven sedimentation or agglomeration due to gravity or solvent evaporation convection. The applied electric field forms a dynamic balance with these forces, suppressing the random aggregation of nanosheets and maintaining a relatively uniform initial dispersion state along the thickness direction of the wet film. By suppressing initial agglomeration, the electric field ensures that MXene nanosheets participate in the subsequent convection enrichment and infiltration processes as single or small agglomerate units. This results in a smoother, more continuous, and repeatable concentration gradient, avoiding functional inhomogeneity or performance fluctuations caused by initial agglomeration. Moreover, the horizontal arrangement of nanosheets reduces their stacking and stress concentration points in the vertical direction, which helps to maximize the preservation of the original toughness and ductility of the polymer matrix and avoids the increased brittleness problem caused by the random dispersion of fillers in traditional blends.

[0044] ④ The wet film after the electric field is applied is subjected to programmed drying to obtain a composite sheet; programmed drying includes:

[0045] In the first stage, slow pre-drying is carried out under conditions of relative humidity of 70%-85% and temperature of 25℃-35℃. The high humidity environment prevents the surface from forming a skin too quickly, allowing the solvent to evaporate evenly and slowly. At the same time, the electric field continues to act to stabilize the oriented alignment of the nanosheets.

[0046] Specifically, in a high-humidity environment, the solvent evaporation rate is slow and uniform, which prevents the membrane surface from forming a skin due to excessively rapid drying. Skin formation hinders the escape of internal solvent, leading to defects such as bubbles, cracks, or "orange peel" during subsequent drying. Since the wet membrane still contains a large amount of solvent and is in a fluid or plastic gel state, the electric field continues to act, allowing the nanosheets to maintain their planar orientation and further tend towards order during solvent evaporation and slight shrinkage of the membrane layer.

[0047] In the second stage, a vertical temperature gradient is established from the bottom of the sheet to the top of the wet film, with the bottom temperature rising to 50℃-65℃ and the top space temperature maintained at 20℃-30℃, while the relative humidity of the environment is reduced to 40%-55%, so that the wet film dries from top to bottom.

[0048] Specifically, the bottom is heated, causing rapid solvent evaporation and increasing local surface tension, resulting in strong convection from top to bottom. This convection continuously carries MXene nanosheets from the membrane interior to the evaporation interface, enriching them on the surface. Simultaneously, capillary permeation of the solvent into the polymer surface carries a small number of nanosheets into the shallow layer of the substrate. These two processes work together to ultimately create a gradient distribution of MXene concentration decreasing from the outer surface to the interior, forming an interpenetrating layer. This top-down drying method allows the curing interface to progress smoothly from the surface to the interior, avoiding the large internal stress, curling, and cracking problems caused by uneven drying shrinkage. Ultimately, a dry skin or a high-concentration MXene-rich layer forms first on the top outer surface, below which is a gradient region with gradually increasing solvent content, while the bottom near the substrate may still be relatively moist. This is an interpenetrating layer with a clear concentration and humidity gradient.

[0049] In the third stage, the temperature is increased to 5°C to 15°C above the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet for final drying.

[0050] Specifically, at a higher temperature, residual solvent is completely removed, and the enhanced mobility of polymer chain segments is utilized to release internal stress, allowing the polymer molecular chains to tightly bind with MXene nanosheets, thereby permanently locking the gradient structure formed in the previous stage and obtaining a composite sheet.

[0051] It should be noted that the DC electric field is applied until the end of the first stage of programmed drying.

[0052] ⑤ The composite sheet is vacuum-formed to obtain a vacuum-formed packaging box.

[0053] The specific processes of vacuum forming include:

[0054] The sheet material is clamped in a vacuum forming machine and heated to a malleable state according to the type of substrate. For example, polyethylene terephthalate is heated to 90-120℃, polycarbonate to 140-160℃, and polyvinyl chloride to 110-150℃.

[0055] The softened sheet is transferred to the mold, a vacuum is drawn to make it fit the cavity, and it is demolded after cooling and shaping.

[0056] In other embodiments, before thermoforming, the composite sheet is subjected to hot pressing treatment at a temperature 10°C to 30°C higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet, and at a pressure of 0.5 MPa to 2 MPa, in order to further improve the surface density and interfacial bonding.

[0057] Specifically, the substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the hot-pressing temperature is controlled at 80-110℃; the substrate is polycarbonate, and the hot-pressing temperature is controlled at 157-180℃; the substrate is polyvinyl chloride, and the hot-pressing temperature is controlled at 90-110℃.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 The present invention also proposes an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets, comprising a packaging box body formed by blistering a polymer sheet 1, wherein MXene nanosheets 3 are dispersed in at least one interpenetrating layer 2 of the polymer sheet 1, and the concentration of MXene nanosheets 3 in the interpenetrating layer 2 exhibits a decreasing gradient distribution from the surface to the interior of the sheet; the surface resistivity of the sheet is 10 Ω·cm. 3 Ω / sq up to 10 6 Ω / sq.

[0059] Specifically, the thickness of the interpenetrating layer 2 is 5 micrometers to 50 micrometers; the volume resistivity of the interpenetrating layer 2 in the thickness direction gradually increases from the outer surface to the interior of the sheet, wherein the volume resistivity of the outer surface is 1×10⁻⁶. 3 Ω*cm to 1×10 5 Ω*cm, with a volume resistivity of not less than 1×10 at the interface with the internal matrix. 12 Ω*cm.

[0060] In this embodiment, the main plane of the MXene nanosheet 3 tends to be arranged parallel to the surface of the polymer sheet.

[0061] Understandably, during the wet film stage, a vertically downward DC electric field is applied, causing the negatively charged MXene nanosheets 3 to align in an oriented manner under the induction of the electric field. Combined with temperature gradient-driven convection enrichment and limited permeation, this forms an interpenetrating layer 2 with varying thickness and gradient. Simultaneously, the hydrophilically treated polymer surface exhibits affinity for the water-based coating liquid. Under capillary action, some solvent carries a small amount of MXene nanosheets 3 to the surface of the polymer sheet 1 for limited-depth permeation diffusion. This diffusion depth is limited by the polymer chain segment gaps, drying and curing speed, and nanosheet size, ultimately forming an interpenetrating layer 2 with a thickness of 5-50 micrometers integrated with the substrate.

[0062] Furthermore, due to the highest concentration of MXene nanosheets on the outermost surface, and their planar orientation, the nanosheets are in close contact with each other or have minimal gaps, forming a high-density three-dimensional conductive network. Electrons can be efficiently transported through direct conduction and tunneling effects, resulting in extremely low resistivity. This extremely low surface resistance provides a fast and smooth discharge channel for electrostatic charges, effectively preventing charge accumulation, eliminating electrostatic discharge sparks, and protecting the delicate electronic components inside the packaging.

[0063] As the interior is penetrated, the concentration of MXene nanosheets 3 decreases gradually, while the spacing between nanosheets gradually increases. The electron conduction pathways become sparse, requiring the crossing of larger tunneling barriers, resulting in an exponential decrease in conductivity and a sharp increase in volume resistivity.

[0064] At the interface between the interpenetration layer 2 and the inner pure polymer matrix, the content of MXene nanosheets 3 has dropped below the percolation threshold, preventing the formation of conductive pathways. The electrical properties are entirely dominated by the intrinsically highly insulating polymer, resulting in extremely high volume resistivity. This extremely high resistance acts as an insulating wall, preventing surface charges from migrating into the packaging box or the contained product, fundamentally avoiding potential damage to sensitive devices caused by electrostatic induction and electric field interference.

[0065] In this embodiment, the polymer sheet 1 is made of commercially available finished sheet material, which is one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0066] The present invention is further illustrated below with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the listed embodiments. Experimental methods not specifically described in the embodiments are generally performed under conventional conditions. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and raw materials used are commercially available conventional products.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] Preparation of blister packaging boxes based on PET:

[0069] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.5mm thick transparent PET sheet, clean and dry it, and treat one side of it for 60 seconds using a low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment machine with a power of 300W. The water contact angle of the treated surface is 15°.

[0070] ② Preparation of coating solution: Take commercially available Ti3C2T with a concentration of 5 mg / mL X Add 0.2 mL of Triton™ X-100 and 0.4 g of PVA-1788 to 40 mL of MXene aqueous dispersion, bring the volume to 100 mL with deionized water, and stir magnetically for 2 hours to obtain a uniform coating solution with an MXene concentration of approximately 2.0 mg / mL.

[0071] ③ Coating and Electric Field Treatment: The coating solution was applied to the PET treatment surface using a wire bar coater, and the wet film thickness was controlled at 50 μm. Immediately afterward, a mesh stainless steel cathode was placed 5 mm above the wet film, and the PET substrate was connected to the anode. A DC electric field with an electric field strength of 1.0 V / μm was applied.

[0072] ④Programmed drying:

[0073] First stage: The sample is transferred into an environmental chamber, set to a temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 80%, and dried for 10 minutes. An electric field is continuously applied during this stage.

[0074] Second stage: Turn off the electric field. Raise the temperature of the heating plate at the bottom of the environmental chamber to 60°C, blow dry air at 25°C from the top, reduce the relative humidity to 50%, and dry for 20 minutes.

[0075] The third stage: raise the temperature to 85℃, keep the relative humidity <20%, and dry for 10 minutes to obtain the composite sheet.

[0076] ⑤ Hot pressing and forming: The composite sheet is hot-pressed at 90℃ and 1.0 MPa for 5 seconds. Then it is heated to 110℃ in a vacuum forming machine and vacuum-formed into an electronic component tray. After cooling and demolding, the edges are trimmed to obtain a blister packaging box.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Preparation of blister packaging boxes based on PC substrate

[0079] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.8mm thick PC sheet and treat it with UV / ozone on one side for 4 minutes to reduce the water contact angle to 20°.

[0080] ② Preparation of coating solution: Same as in Example 1, but the concentration of MXene is adjusted to 1.0 mg / mL.

[0081] ③ Coating and electric field treatment: The wet film thickness is controlled at 80 μm, and the applied electric field strength is 1.2 V / μm.

[0082] ④Programmed drying:

[0083] Phase 1: 32℃, 75% RH, 12 minutes (electric field continuous).

[0084] Second stage: bottom 65°C, top 25°C, 45% RH, 25 minutes.

[0085] Third stage: Dry at 165℃ for 15 minutes.

[0086] ⑤ Hot pressing and forming: The hot pressing conditions are 170℃, 1.2 MPa, and 5 seconds. The preheating temperature for thermoforming is 155℃, and the thermoformed packaging box is obtained.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] Preparation of PVC-based blister packaging boxes

[0089] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.4mm thick rigid transparent PVC sheet, treat one side with 250W plasma for 90 seconds, and the water contact angle is 25°.

[0090] ② Preparation of coating solution: Same as in Example 1, but with MXene concentration of 1.5 mg / mL.

[0091] ③ Coating and electric field treatment: wet film thickness 40 μm, electric field strength 0.9 V / μm.

[0092] ④Programmed drying:

[0093] Phase 1: 28℃, 85% RH, 8 minutes (electric field continuous).

[0094] Second stage: 55°C at the bottom, 22°C at the top, 50% RH, 18 minutes.

[0095] Third stage: Dry at 100℃ for 10 minutes.

[0096] ⑤ Hot pressing and forming: The hot pressing conditions are 100℃, 0.8 MPa, and 5 seconds. The preheating temperature for thermoforming is 135℃, and the thermoformed packaging box is obtained.

[0097] Comparative Example 1

[0098] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.5mm thick transparent PET sheet, clean and dry it, and treat one side of it for 60 seconds using a low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment machine with a power of 300W. The water contact angle of the treated surface is 15°.

[0099] ② Preparation of coating solution: Take commercially available Ti3C2T with a concentration of 5 mg / mL X Add 0.2 mL of Triton™ X-100 and 0.4 g of PVA-1788 to 40 mL of MXene aqueous dispersion, bring the volume to 100 mL with deionized water, and stir magnetically for 2 hours to obtain a uniform coating solution with an MXene concentration of approximately 2.0 mg / mL.

[0100] ③ Coating: A wire bar coater is used to coat the PET surface with the coating solution, and the wet film thickness is controlled at 50μm. ④ Programmed drying:

[0101] First stage: Transfer the sample into the environmental chamber, set the temperature to 30℃ and the relative humidity to 80%, and dry for 15 minutes.

[0102] Second stage: Turn off the electric field. Raise the temperature of the heating plate at the bottom of the environmental chamber to 60°C, blow dry air at 25°C from the top, reduce the relative humidity to 50%, and dry for 20 minutes.

[0103] The third stage: raise the temperature to 85℃, keep the relative humidity <20%, and dry for 10 minutes to obtain the composite sheet.

[0104] ⑤ Hot pressing and forming: The composite sheet is hot-pressed at 90℃ and 1.0 MPa for 5 seconds. Then it is heated to 110℃ in a vacuum forming machine and vacuum-formed into an electronic component tray. After cooling and demolding, the edges are trimmed to obtain a packaging box.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.5mm thick transparent PET sheet, clean and dry it, and treat one side of it for 60 seconds using a low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment machine with a power of 300W. The water contact angle of the treated surface is 15°.

[0107] ② Preparation of coating solution: Take commercially available Ti3C2T with a concentration of 5 mg / mL X Add 0.2 mL of Triton™ X-100 and 0.4 g of PVA-1788 to 40 mL of MXene aqueous dispersion, bring the volume to 100 mL with deionized water, and stir magnetically for 2 hours to obtain a uniform coating solution with an MXene concentration of approximately 2.0 mg / mL.

[0108] ③ Coating and Electric Field Treatment: The coating solution was applied to the PET treatment surface using a wire bar coater, and the wet film thickness was controlled at 50 μm. Immediately afterward, a mesh stainless steel cathode was placed 5 mm above the wet film, and the PET substrate was connected to the anode. A DC electric field with an electric field strength of 1.0 V / μm was applied.

[0109] ④ Drying:

[0110] The composite sheet was dried in a conventional forced-air drying oven at 80℃ and 30%RH for 30 minutes until constant weight was obtained.

[0111] ⑤ Hot pressing and forming: The composite sheet is hot-pressed at 90℃ and 1.0 MPa for 5 seconds. Then it is heated to 110℃ in a vacuum forming machine and vacuum-formed into an electronic component tray. After cooling and demolding, the edges are trimmed to obtain a packaging box.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] MXene powder equivalent to the total mass of MXene in Example 1 was mixed with PET granules in a high-speed mixer, melt-blended and granulated by a twin-screw extruder, and then extruded and calendered into a sheet with a thickness of 0.5 mm. Finally, it was thermoformed under the same conditions as step ⑤ of Example 1 to obtain a packaging box.

[0114] Comparative Example 4

[0115] ① Substrate treatment: Take a 0.5mm thick transparent PET sheet, clean and dry it, and treat one side of it for 60 seconds using a low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment machine with a power of 300W. The water contact angle of the treated surface is 15°.

[0116] ② Apply a commercially available water-based acrylic antistatic coating with approximately 20% solids directly to the treated PET surface, with a wet film thickness of 50 μm. Dry at 80°C for 15 minutes to form a coating. Finally, vacuum-form the coating under the same conditions as step ⑤ in Example 1 to obtain a packaging box.

[0117] Test example:

[0118] The surface resistivity of the packaging boxes prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was measured according to ASTM D257, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0119] The cantilever beam notched impact strength of the packaging box materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested according to ASTM D256. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0120] The elongation at break of the packaging box materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested according to ASTM D638, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0121] The adhesion of the packaging boxes prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested according to ASTM D3359, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0122] Table 1. Test statistics for each embodiment and comparative example.

[0123]

[0124] The packaging box sheets prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were cryogenically sliced ​​in a direction perpendicular to the surface to obtain a smooth, flat cross-section. On the cross-section, starting from the outer surface (0 μm) and moving inwards towards the matrix, a detection point was set at 5 μm intervals until a depth of 50 μm was reached or the resistivity reached a stable high-value plateau. Using a four-probe micro-area resistivity meter, according to the ASTM D257 testing standard, four extremely fine tungsten metal probes, with an adjustable tip spacing of 5-10 μm, were precisely aligned and contacted at each detection point on the sample cross-section. A small DC voltage was applied between the two points, and the current flowing through the sample was measured. The volume resistivity of the micro-area was calculated using a formula. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0125] Table 2. Statistical table of volume resistivity tests at various points in the examples and comparative examples.

[0126]

[0127] In summary, this invention provides an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets and its preparation method. This method abandons the traditional approach of simply blending functional fillers with the matrix. Through a synergistic process of electric field-assisted programmed drying, and guided by multiple physical fields, the nanofillers are driven to move and diffuse in a confined manner, thereby constructing a gradient composite structure with continuously changing composition and properties on the surface of polymer sheet 1—namely, the interpenetrating layer 2.

[0128] Specifically, the process begins by applying a vertical DC electric field during the wet film stage. The negatively charged two-dimensional MXene nanosheets 3 rotate under the electric field, causing their large planes to align parallel to the substrate surface. This not only pre-constructs efficient in-plane conductive pathways but also effectively suppresses random agglomeration of the nanosheets, laying the foundation for the formation of a uniform functional layer. Programmed drying then follows: the first stage uses a high-humidity, low-temperature environment to allow the solvent to evaporate slowly, preventing surface crusting and maintaining stable nanosheet orientation; the second stage establishes a vertical temperature gradient of "hot at the bottom, cold at the top," inducing directional Marangoni convection within the wet film. This convection continuously transports and enriches the MXene nanosheets at the top evaporation interface, while simultaneously, through capillary penetration of the solvent into the activated polymer surface, a small number of nanosheets are introduced to a limited depth. As the drying front smoothly advances from the surface inwards, an interpenetrating layer 2 is finally formed, with the MXene concentration decreasing exponentially from the outer surface to the interior and seamlessly integrated with the substrate. Its thickness can be controlled from several micrometers to tens of micrometers.

[0129] Point-by-point analysis of the sample cross-section shows that, in only the embodiments of the present invention, the volume resistivity exhibits a smooth and continuous change from the surface to the interior, spanning nine orders of magnitude within tens of micrometers, from 10 at the surface... 3 Ω·cm rises to 10 inside 12 The concentration of MXene on the outer surface is above Ω·cm. This corresponds to the extremely high local concentration of MXene on the outer surface, forming a dense conductive network that endows the material with excellent antistatic properties; while the pure polymer matrix inside perfectly retains its high toughness and impact resistance. Comparative experiments fully verify the necessity of each process step: without an electric field, an ordered structure cannot be formed, and conductivity deteriorates; without programmed drying, the gradient is interrupted and the interfacial bonding is poor; although the traditional blending method has a uniform distribution of fillers, it is precisely because of the uniform dispersion of fillers that the mechanical properties of the matrix are seriously damaged.

[0130] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An anti-static high-toughness blister pack based on MXene nanoplatelets, characterized by, The invention includes a packaging box body formed by thermoforming a polymer sheet, characterized in that at least one interpenetrating layer of the polymer sheet is in which MXene nanosheets are dispersed, and the concentration of the MXene nanosheets in the interpenetrating layer exhibits a decreasing gradient distribution from the surface to the interior of the sheet.

2. The anti-static high-toughness blister pack based on MXene nanoplatelets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the interpenetrating layer is 5 micrometers to 50 micrometers.

3. The anti-static high-toughness blister pack based on MXene nanoplatelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bulk planes of the MXene nanosheets tend to align parallel to the surface of the polymer sheet.

4. The anti-static high-toughness blister pack based on MXene nanoplatelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer sheet is made of one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.

5. A method for preparing an antistatic, high-toughness blister packaging box based on MXene nanosheets according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: ① At least one surface of the polymer sheet is hydrophilized; ② A coating solution containing MXene nanosheets, surfactants, and binders is applied to the surface of the treated polymer sheet to form a wet film; ③ During the drying process of the wet film, a DC electric field perpendicular to the surface of the sheet is applied, and the electric field strength of the DC electric field is 0.8V / μm to 1.5V / μm; ④ The wet film after applying an electric field is subjected to programmed drying to obtain a composite sheet; the programmed drying includes: In the first stage, slow pre-drying is carried out under conditions of relative humidity of 70%-85% and temperature of 25℃-35℃. In the second stage, a vertical temperature gradient is established from the bottom of the sheet to the top of the wet film, with the bottom temperature rising to 50℃-65℃ and the top space temperature maintained at 20℃-30℃, while the relative humidity of the environment is reduced to 40%-55%, so that the wet film dries from top to bottom. In the third stage, the temperature is increased to 5°C to 15°C above the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet for final drying. ⑤ The composite sheet is vacuum-formed to obtain the vacuum-formed packaging box.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step ②, the concentration of MXene nanosheets in the coating solution is from 0.5 mg / mL to 3.0 mg / mL, and the thickness of the wet film is from 20 micrometers to 200 micrometers.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step ③, the DC electric field is applied through a cathode positioned above the wet film and an anode electrically connected to the polymer sheet substrate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step ④, the application of the DC electric field continues until the end of the first stage of the programmed drying.

9. The production method according to claim 5 or 8, characterized by, After step ④ and before step ⑤, a hot-pressing process is also included, wherein the temperature of the hot-pressing process is 10°C to 30°C higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer sheet, and the pressure is 0.5MPa to 2MPa.

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