Activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus and activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method

Abstract

This invention provides an activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus and method. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus includes: a shell, which is cylindrical and connected to a grounding electrode; a high-voltage electrode, which is rod-shaped and inserted into the axial position within the cylindrical shell; an insulating diaphragm, which is annularly disposed between the shell and the high-voltage electrode and spaced apart from the high-voltage electrode; and activated carbon, which fills the space formed by the insulating diaphragm and the inner surface of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus and methods, and particularly to apparatus and methods that can regenerate and recycle saturated activated carbon after adsorbing PFAS. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, PFAS (Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances) are widely used in industrial and consumer products such as fire-fighting foams, non-stick coatings, and waterproof fabrics. However, PFAS have extremely strong chemical stability and environmental durability, and their environmental emissions have caused global water pollution.

[0003] Adsorption using granular activated carbon is currently one of the mainstream technologies for removing PFAS from water. Granular activated carbon exhibits good adsorption performance for long-chain PFAS (≥7 carbon atoms), with removal rates exceeding 90%. However, its adsorption capacity for short-chain PFAS (≤6 carbon atoms) is significantly reduced, resulting in shorter breakthrough times and requiring frequent replacement. Therefore, the disposal of saturated activated carbon becomes a critical issue.

[0004] Currently, the main industrial method used is thermal regeneration, which involves thermally desorbing the organic matter adsorbed on activated carbon at a high temperature of 800-1000℃. However, thermal regeneration suffers from high energy consumption, high carbon loss rate, and significant capacity decay after multiple cycles.

[0005] In addition, a method for regenerating activated carbon using low-temperature plasma (NTP) has been proposed. Low-temperature plasma can be generated through discharge, producing a large number of highly reactive species at room temperature and pressure, including: hydroxyl radicals (·OH), ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrated electrons (e). - a q) Superoxide radicals (O2) - ·), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), ultraviolet photons (UV), and high-energy electrons, etc. These highly reactive species can degrade PFAS through a multi-mechanism synergistic process, such as: hydrated electron reduction defluorination, direct collision of chemical bonds by high-energy electrons, and UV photolysis.

[0006] However, since activated carbon itself is conductive, it can significantly interfere with the discharge process. Therefore, this problem must be addressed when using low-temperature plasma to regenerate activated carbon. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above problems, this invention proposes an activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device that can generate NTP through discharge, thereby using NTP to degrade PFAS and regenerate activated carbon, while avoiding interference from the conductivity of activated carbon with the discharge.

[0008] The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device includes:

[0009] The outer casing is cylindrical in shape and connected to the grounding electrode;

[0010] The high-voltage electrode is formed in the shape of a rod and is inserted into the axial position inside the cylindrical outer shell;

[0011] An insulating diaphragm is arranged in a ring between the housing and the high-voltage electrode, and is spaced apart from the high-voltage electrode.

[0012] Activated carbon, which fills the space formed by the insulating diaphragm and the inner surface of the outer shell.

[0013] In some embodiments, gas inlet and liquid inlet are formed on the housing, and valves are used to switch the entry and exit of gas and liquid.

[0014] In some embodiments, the insulating membrane is formed of a porous ceramic membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, an average pore size of 50 nm to 5 μm, a porosity of 25% to 50%, and a relative permittivity of 4 to 10.

[0015] In some embodiments, the insulating diaphragm is formed of a quartz fiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm and a relative permittivity of 3.7 to 4.0.

[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating diaphragm is formed of mica sheets with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 1 mm and a relative permittivity of 5 to 7.

[0017] In some embodiments, the high-voltage electrode is connected to a high-frequency, high-voltage AC power supply.

[0018] In some embodiments, the high-voltage electrode is connected to a pulse power supply with a pulse width of 10ns to 500ns.

[0019] In addition, the present invention also proposes an activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method, which can effectively adsorb PFAS using activated carbon and regenerate activated carbon using NTP, thereby realizing the recycling of activated carbon.

[0020] The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method using the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments includes the following steps:

[0021] The adsorption step involves passing water containing perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) through the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, whereby the activated carbon adsorbs the PFAS.

[0022] The saturation detection step involves detecting the operating status of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device to determine whether the activated carbon is saturated.

[0023] Switch the operating steps, stop the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, drain the residual water, and introduce working gas;

[0024] In the migration enhancement step, PFAS migrate from the pores of activated carbon to the outside through drainage and dehydration.

[0025] In the NTP regeneration step, the high-voltage electrode of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device is energized to generate low-temperature plasma, i.e., NTP, which degrades the PFAS adsorbed by the activated carbon, thereby regenerating the activated carbon.

[0026] The effect evaluation step assesses the regeneration effect of activated carbon and determines whether the regeneration effect of activated carbon is qualified.

[0027] The operation is restored by resuming the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, provided that the regeneration effect of the activated carbon is deemed satisfactory.

[0028] In some embodiments, during the saturation detection step, activated carbon is considered to be saturated when the PFAS concentration in the effluent reaches 5% to 10% of the influent concentration.

[0029] In some implementations, multiple activated carbon adsorption and regeneration devices are used.

[0030] In the switching step, after stopping the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, the PFAS-containing water is allowed to flow into another activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device.

[0031] In some embodiments, the migration enhancement step further includes at least one of gas purging, vacuum assistance, steam or inert gas replacement, and mild thermal assistance at 40°C to 180°C.

[0032] In some embodiments, the working gas is air, argon, or an argon-oxygen mixture.

[0033] In some implementations, during the effect evaluation step, the activated carbon is considered to have a satisfactory regeneration effect when the regeneration efficiency is above 80%.

[0034] The regeneration efficiency is the ratio of the adsorption capacity of the regenerated activated carbon to the initial adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.

[0035] In some implementations, during the effect evaluation step, if the regeneration efficiency is below 80%, the activated carbon is deemed to have an unqualified regeneration effect, and the process is returned to the migration enhancement step. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Specific embodiments of this disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following description is for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the contents of this disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection claimed by this disclosure. By reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will be able to more clearly recognize the features and advantages of this disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, the terminology used herein has its common meaning in the art. The term "comprising" as used herein is open-ended, meaning it does not exclude additional, unlisted members or elements. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of the listed members or elements.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 includes: a housing 101, which is cylindrical and connected to a grounding electrode; a high-voltage electrode 102, which is rod-shaped and inserted into the axial position within the cylindrical housing 101; an insulating diaphragm 103, which is annularly disposed between the housing 101 and the high-voltage electrode 102 and spaced apart from the high-voltage electrode 102; and activated carbon 104, which fills the space formed by the insulating diaphragm 103 and the inner surface of the housing 101.

[0041] With the above structure, activated carbon can adsorb PFAS from water containing PFAS. By providing an insulating membrane 103, a gap can be formed between the activated carbon 104 and the high-voltage electrode 102, creating a discharge gap 105. Furthermore, when the high-voltage electrode 102 is energized, dielectric barrier discharge can be achieved, generating low-temperature plasma, i.e., NTP. Using this NTP, the PFAS adsorbed by the activated carbon can be degraded, achieving the regeneration of the activated carbon.

[0042] Next, each part of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 will be described in detail.

[0043] In this embodiment, the outer casing 101 is formed in a cylindrical shape, with an internal accommodating space. The outer casing 101 needs to be connected to the ground electrode and functions as the other electrode during dielectric barrier discharge. Therefore, the outer casing 101 can be formed of a conductive metal or other material. Alternatively, the outer casing 101 can also be formed of an insulating material such as plastic, with a metal mesh or metal plate disposed on its inner or outer surface as the other electrode.

[0044] Gas inlet and outlet and liquid inlet and outlet are also formed on the outer casing 101. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the gas inlet and outlet include a gas inlet 106 and a gas outlet 107, for introducing gas into the housing space. This gas can be a working gas for dielectric barrier discharge or a gas used in the migration enhancement step. The liquid inlet and outlet include a liquid inlet 108 and a liquid outlet 109, for introducing liquid into the housing space. Water containing PFAS, which is the adsorption target of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100, can flow in through the liquid inlet 108 and exit through the liquid outlet 109.

[0045] In addition, Figure 1 In this activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100, both the gas inlet 106 and the liquid inlet 108 are located at the bottom, while both the gas outlet 107 and the liquid outlet 109 are located at the top. This facilitates filling the entire containment space with gas or liquid. However, the positions of the gas inlet and outlet and the liquid inlet and outlet are not limited to this and can be adjusted as needed. For example, gas inlet and outlet and liquid inlet and outlet can be provided on the side wall of the outer casing. The positions of the inlet and outlet can also be interchanged, for example, by providing the gas inlet and liquid inlet at the top of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 and the gas outlet and liquid outlet at the bottom.

[0046] By switching valves, the flow and obstruction states of the gas inlet and outlet and the liquid inlet and outlet can be switched. That is, when activated carbon is needed to adsorb PFAS in water, the liquid inlet and outlet are opened while the gas inlet and outlet are closed. Conversely, when regenerating activated carbon, the gas inlet and outlet are opened while the liquid inlet and outlet are closed.

[0047] In this embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the high-voltage electrode 102 is formed in the shape of a rod and inserted into the interior of the housing 101. Preferably, the high-voltage electrode 102 is positioned at the axial center within the cylindrical housing. Thus, the high-voltage electrode 102 penetrates deep into the housing 101, forming a discharge space between the high-voltage electrode 102 and the insulating diaphragm 103. Within the housing, this discharge space is uniformly distributed along the axial direction, allowing the generated NTP to migrate more easily and uniformly towards the activated carbon region. Furthermore, the high-voltage electrode 102 can be formed from a metal tube or a metal rod, as long as it can be connected to a power source and function as a discharge electrode.

[0048] In this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, an insulating diaphragm 103 is disposed between the high-voltage electrode 102 and the housing 101. The insulating diaphragm 103 is formed in a ring shape and is disposed around the high-voltage electrode 102. A discharge gap 105 is formed by spacing between the insulating diaphragm 103 and the high-voltage electrode 102. The width of the discharge gap 105 is, for example, 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0049] As the material for the insulating diaphragm 103, porous ceramic membranes, porous fiber membranes, or dense dielectric barrier sheets can be used.

[0050] Porous ceramic membranes include Al2O3, SiC, and ZrO. 2 The ceramic membrane is a porous ceramic membrane. The thickness is preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm; the average pore size is preferably 50 nm to 5 μm, more preferably 100 nm to 1 μm; the porosity is preferably 25% to 50%; and the relative permittivity is preferably 4 to 10. Al₂O₃ ceramic membranes possess excellent dielectric properties, mass transfer properties, and mechanical durability.

[0051] Porous fiber membranes, such as quartz fiber membranes, are preferred. For quartz fiber membranes, the thickness is preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and the relative permittivity is preferably 3.7 to 4.0. Quartz fiber membranes have advantages such as high temperature resistance, acid atmosphere resistance, low dielectric loss, and good air permeability.

[0052] Dense dielectric barrier sheets, such as mica sheets, are used. The thickness of the mica sheet is preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm, and the relative permittivity is preferably 5 to 7. Mica sheets possess high dielectric strength, temperature resistance, and mechanical stability.

[0053] The aforementioned diaphragm or dielectric barrier is used to isolate the granular activated carbon filling area from the discharge area, preventing the granular activated carbon from directly contacting the electrode and causing a short circuit or arc, and forming a stable dielectric barrier discharge environment in the discharge area.

[0054] In addition, in this embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, activated carbon 104 is filled in the space formed between the insulating diaphragm 103 and the outer shell 101. The activated carbon 104 is used to adsorb PFAS in the water, and granular activated carbon is preferred. For example, the granular activated carbon forms a fixed adsorption bed. In addition, the adsorption bed of granular activated carbon can operate as a single bed or multiple beds in parallel / series.

[0055] During PFAS adsorption, PFAS-containing water flows through activated carbon. PFAS are adsorbed and retained by the activated carbon through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, ensuring that the PFAS concentration in the effluent is below the discharge standard. Activated carbon has a high adsorption capacity for long-chain PFAS (C≥7), ranging from 0.5 mg / g to 2.0 mg / g, with an effective bed volume of approximately 15,000 BV to 75,000 BV and a long breakthrough time. However, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for short-chain PFAS (C≤6) decreases significantly, requiring an appropriate increase in bed thickness or a shorter regeneration cycle.

[0056] After activated carbon adsorbs PFAS to saturation, it can be regenerated using NTP. Water is drained from the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 to reduce the moisture content of the activated carbon. When the moisture content of the activated carbon decreases to, for example, 10% to 20%, a working gas is introduced, and a power source is connected to perform dielectric barrier discharge. This working gas can be, for example, air, argon, or an argon-oxygen mixture.

[0057] As an example, a high-frequency, high-voltage AC power supply is applied to the high-voltage electrode. The discharge conditions are, for example, a voltage of 10kV to 30kV, a frequency of 5kHz to 20kHz, a processing time of 30 min to 90 min, and the temperature can be controlled according to the target in a ≤60℃ protection mode or a 40℃ to 180℃ mild migration enhancement mode, so as to balance the protection of activated carbon structure and PFAS migration efficiency.

[0058] Alternatively, as a variation, a nanosecond or microsecond-level pulsed power supply can be connected to the high-voltage electrode. Since the activated carbon does not have enough time to form a continuously conducting channel within the short pulse interval, interference from conductivity can also be avoided. The parameters of the pulsed power supply are, for example: pulse width 10ns–500ns, repetition frequency 100Hz–5000Hz, and peak voltage 15kV–40kV.

[0059] Under the above discharge conditions, plasma can be generated in the region of the discharge gap 105, producing ·OH, O3, H2O2, and e-. - aThe active species, such as q, can diffuse from the discharge region to the activated carbon region through the micropores formed on the insulating membrane 103. These highly active species can degrade PFAS through a multi-mechanism synergistic process, such as hydrated electron reduction defluorination, direct collision of chemical bonds by high-energy electrons, and UV photolysis. The above-mentioned multi-mechanism synergistic effect gives NTP a unique advantage in degrading PFAS, especially in achieving effective degradation of PFAS at low temperatures (≤60℃), which is far lower than the 800℃~1000℃ of traditional thermal regeneration.

[0060] In the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus 100 of this embodiment, by providing an insulating diaphragm 103, the direct electrical path between the activated carbon 104 and the high-voltage electrode 102 is blocked, thereby eliminating the possibility of the activated carbon forming a short-circuit channel in the electric field. Furthermore, the insulating diaphragm 103 can act as a dielectric barrier against dielectric discharge, becoming a physical isolation layer between the activated carbon and the discharge region, maintaining a stable filamentary or diffuse discharge mode. Since the materials forming the insulating diaphragm all have high dielectric constants, it helps to form sufficient electric field strength on both sides of the diaphragm. In addition, the micropores formed on the insulating diaphragm 103 provide mass transfer channels for the diffusion of NTP-generated active species from the discharge region to the activated carbon region, ensuring the regeneration efficiency of the activated carbon.

[0061] Next, refer to Figure 2 The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method using the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 is described. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] In this embodiment, the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method can be used in water treatment of water containing PFAS, and includes the following steps: adsorption step S1, saturation detection step S2, switching operation step S3, migration enhancement step S4, NTP regeneration step S5, effect evaluation step S6, and recovery operation step S7.

[0063] In the adsorption step S1, water containing PFAS is passed through the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100. That is, the liquid inlet and outlet are opened and the gas inlet and outlet are closed, thereby filling the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 with water containing PFAS. PFAS is adsorbed and retained by the activated carbon through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, thereby ensuring that the PFAS concentration in the effluent is lower than the discharge standard.

[0064] In the saturation detection step S2, the operating status of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device is detected to determine whether the activated carbon is saturated. The operating status of the activated carbon adsorption column can be monitored in real time using an online monitoring device. As an example of determining whether the activated carbon is saturated, the PFAS concentration in the effluent and influent can be detected. When the PFAS concentration in the effluent reaches 5% to 10% of the PFAS concentration in the influent, the activated carbon is considered saturated. However, the method for determining whether the activated carbon is saturated is not limited to this; other methods can also be used. For example, a significant increase in the interbed pressure difference, indicators of activated carbon particle expansion or clogging, and changes in the concentration of total organic matter in the effluent can also be used.

[0065] If the activated carbon is determined to be saturated in the saturation detection step S2, the process proceeds to the switching operation step S3. In the switching operation step S3, the inflow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device is stopped, residual moisture is drained, and working gas is introduced. Specifically, residual moisture in the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100 is drained, the liquid inlet and outlet are closed while the gas inlet and outlet are opened, and working gas is introduced. This working gas can be, for example, air, argon, or an argon-oxygen mixture.

[0066] By venting the residual moisture in the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100, the moisture content of the activated carbon can be reduced, thereby reducing the interference of its conductivity on dielectric barrier discharge.

[0067] In some embodiments, multiple activated carbon adsorption and regeneration devices 100 may be provided. When regenerating the activated carbon in one activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device 100, PFAS-containing water can flow into another activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device by switching operation step S3. This ensures continuous operation of the entire water treatment system without interruption.

[0068] In some embodiments, it is preferred that a migration enhancement step S4 be performed before the NTP regeneration step S5. In the migration enhancement step S4, PFAS migrate outward from the pores of the activated carbon by draining and dehydrating. Additionally, at least one of the following may be included: gas purging, vacuum assistance, steam or inert gas replacement, and mild thermal assistance at 40°C to 180°C.

[0069] Considering that PFAS may be located inside the micropores or mesopores of activated carbon, the migration enhancement step S4 enables PFAS to migrate from inside the pores to the outer surface of the particles, the interface of the insulating membrane, the liquid phase, and even the liquid film phase. This avoids the regeneration effect from depending entirely on the penetration of short-lived active species into all micropores.

[0070] In the NTP regeneration step S5, the high-voltage electrode of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device is energized to generate low-temperature plasma, i.e., NTP, which degrades the PFAS adsorbed by the activated carbon, thereby regenerating the activated carbon. Through dielectric barrier discharge, plasma is generated in the region of the discharge gap 105, producing ·OH, O3, H2O2, and e-. - a Active species such as q. The PFAS or its fluorinated intermediates that migrate out in the migration enhancement step S4 will undergo chain scission, defluorination and partial or further mineralization in the plasma unit.

[0071] In the effect evaluation step S6, the regeneration effect of activated carbon is evaluated to determine whether the regeneration effect is qualified. As an example, the regeneration efficiency can be used to determine if the regeneration effect is qualified. Regeneration efficiency refers to the ratio of the adsorption capacity of the regenerated activated carbon to its initial adsorption capacity (the adsorption capacity of the unused activated carbon). A regeneration efficiency of 80% or higher is considered a qualified regeneration effect. However, the effect evaluation method is not limited to this; other methods can also be used, such as by measuring PFAS residue, F... - The combined evaluation included release rate, TOF / EOF reduction rate, GAC specific surface area retention rate, and multi-cycle adsorption capacity recovery rate.

[0072] In the effect evaluation step S6, if the regeneration effect of activated carbon is deemed unqualified, for example, if the regeneration efficiency is less than 80%, the process can be returned to the migration enhancement step S4 for reprocessing.

[0073] In the effect evaluation step S6, if the regeneration effect of the activated carbon is deemed satisfactory, the system proceeds to the recovery operation step S7, where water containing PFAS is reintroduced into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device. This achieves circulation of the entire water treatment system. Alternatively, before resuming operation, the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device can be rinsed with pure water to remove residual degradation products (PFAS). - (Short-chain PFAS intermediates, etc.) and active species.

[0074] The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus and method of this embodiment have been described above, and they have the following significant advantages:

[0075] By incorporating an insulating membrane, the problem of activated carbon's conductivity interfering with discharge is solved. The insulating membrane physically isolates the activated carbon's filling and discharge regions, blocking the direct electrical pathway between the conductive particles of activated carbon and the high-voltage electrode, thus preventing the activated carbon's conductivity from interfering with dielectric barrier discharge. The insulating membrane also acts as one of the dielectric barriers for dielectric barrier discharge, maintaining a stable filamentary or diffuse discharge mode. Furthermore, active species can diffuse to the activated carbon side through the micropores on the insulating membrane, achieving activated carbon regeneration.

[0076] Using the aforementioned activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, a cyclical process for water treatment utilizing activated carbon adsorption of PFAS can be achieved, namely: adsorption-saturation detection-switching operation-migration enhancement-NTP regeneration-effect evaluation-resumption of operation. Furthermore, multiple activated carbon adsorption and regeneration devices can be installed throughout the entire cyclic process system, and these devices can be automatically switched in parallel during switching operations, enabling continuous operation of the entire water treatment system without shutdown.

[0077] Furthermore, during NTP regeneration, PFAS are degraded and mineralized in situ, eliminating secondary pollution. NTP regeneration degrades or even mineralizes PFAS into F in situ. - It uses CO2 instead of simple desorption and transfer. This avoids the problem of secondary incineration of PFAS-containing organic wastewater generated by traditional chemical regeneration, and also avoids the environmental risks of PFAS thermal desorption into the gas phase during thermal regeneration. Furthermore, F... - It can also be recycled through alkaline solution absorption to achieve resource recovery.

[0078] In addition, the temperature of NTP regeneration is below 60°C, which is far lower than the 800°C to 1000°C required for thermal regeneration. Therefore, low-temperature operation also eliminates the safety hazards associated with high-temperature thermal regeneration and incineration.

Claims

1. An activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, comprising: The outer casing is cylindrical in shape and connected to the grounding electrode; The high-voltage electrode is formed in the shape of a rod and is inserted into the axial position inside the cylindrical outer shell; An insulating diaphragm is arranged in a ring between the housing and the high-voltage electrode, and is spaced apart from the high-voltage electrode. Activated carbon, which fills the space formed by the insulating diaphragm and the inner surface of the outer shell.

2. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The outer casing has gas inlet and liquid inlet and outlet, and the entry and exit of gas and liquid are switched by valves.

3. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The insulating diaphragm is formed of a porous ceramic membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, an average pore size of 50 nm to 5 μm, a porosity of 25% to 50%, and a relative permittivity of 4 to 10.

4. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The insulating diaphragm is formed of a quartz fiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm and a relative permittivity of 3.7 to 4.

0.

5. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The insulating diaphragm is formed from mica sheets with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 1 mm and a relative permittivity of 5 to 7.

6. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The high-voltage electrode is connected to a high-frequency, high-voltage AC power supply.

7. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device according to claim 1, wherein, The high-voltage electrode is connected to a pulse power supply with a pulse width of 10ns to 500ns.

8. A method for activated carbon adsorption and regeneration, using the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: The adsorption step involves passing water containing perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) through the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, whereby the activated carbon adsorbs the PFAS. The saturation detection step involves detecting the operating status of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device to determine whether the activated carbon is saturated. Switch the operating steps, stop the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, drain the residual water, and introduce working gas; In the migration enhancement step, PFAS migrate from the pores of activated carbon to the outside through drainage and dehydration. In the NTP regeneration step, the high-voltage electrode of the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device is energized to generate low-temperature plasma, i.e., NTP, which degrades the PFAS adsorbed by the activated carbon, thereby regenerating the activated carbon. The effect evaluation step assesses the regeneration effect of activated carbon and determines whether the regeneration effect of activated carbon is qualified. The operation is restored by resuming the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, provided that the regeneration effect of the activated carbon is deemed satisfactory.

9. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 8, wherein, In the saturation detection step, when the PFAS concentration in the effluent reaches 5% to 10% of the influent concentration, the activated carbon is judged to be saturated.

10. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 8, wherein, Multiple activated carbon adsorption and regeneration devices are used. In the switching step, after stopping the flow of PFAS-containing water into the activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device, the PFAS-containing water is allowed to flow into another activated carbon adsorption and regeneration device.

11. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 8, wherein, The migration enhancement step further includes at least one of gas purging, vacuum assistance, steam or inert gas replacement, and mild thermal assistance at 40°C to 180°C.

12. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 8, wherein, The working gas is air, argon, or an argon-oxygen mixture.

13. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 8, wherein, In the effect evaluation step, when the regeneration efficiency is above 80%, the activated carbon regeneration effect is judged to be qualified. The regeneration efficiency is the ratio of the adsorption capacity of the regenerated activated carbon to the initial adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.

14. The activated carbon adsorption and regeneration method according to claim 13, wherein, In the effect evaluation step, if the regeneration efficiency is below 80%, the activated carbon regeneration effect is deemed unqualified, and the process is returned to the migration enhancement step.

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