Method for jointly fermenting organic compost by using sophora fruit dregs and sugarcane filter mud

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for co-fermenting organic compost made from Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud, belonging to the field of organic fertilizer production technology. The invention mixes the solid waste residue from rutin extraction from Sophora japonica buds with sugarcane filter mud produced during sugar refining at a mass ratio of 3-5:5-7, adjusting the moisture content to 50%-65%, and piling it into a square pile with a base width of 5-10 meters and a height of 1.0-1.8 meters. The top is covered with a rainproof tarpaulin extending to the bottom, and the sides are compacted with heavy objects to form a relatively sealed fermentation space. Fermentation takes 45-60 days under natural conditions, during which the pile is turned when the temperature exceeds 65℃, and turned 2-3 times throughout the process. The finished product is obtained when the pile temperature drops to ambient temperature. This invention requires no special equipment such as fermentation tanks; it can be directly piled on flat ground, making it simple to operate and low in cost. It achieves the synergistic resource utilization of two types of waste, and the product has an organic matter content of over 40%, while also possessing antibacterial and disease-resistant effects. It can effectively improve soil and is suitable for small- to medium-scale on-site production and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer production technology, specifically relating to a method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicine residue has a high moisture content, typically between 60% and 70%, making it difficult to incinerate. The usual method of disposal is open-air dumping, which easily leads to fermentation and unpleasant odors, causing serious environmental pollution and posing a significant environmental burden on businesses. Combining traditional Chinese medicine residue with sugarcane filter mud to produce organic compost is of great significance for reducing the pollution burden on pharmaceutical companies and the waste disposal pressure on sugar mills, and for promoting the green and circular development of agriculture.

[0003] In the prior art, several methods for producing organic fertilizer from medicinal herb residue have been disclosed. For example, patent document CN103992188A discloses an organic fertilizer containing medicinal herb residue and its production process, which is made by mixing and fermenting various raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, medicinal herb residue, sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, and wheat bran. Another patent document CN105384478A discloses a bio-organic fertilizer produced from the waste residue and mud after rutin extraction from Sophora japonica buds, which is made by fermenting 50-70 parts of Sophora japonica bud waste residue, 15-25 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of straw, and enzyme bacteria. Furthermore, patent document CN107382572A discloses a method for preparing sugarcane filter mud organic fertilizer, which uses sugarcane filter mud, mushroom residue, tobacco stems, and other raw materials for aerobic fermentation.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies mostly employ specialized equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation vessels, or are implemented industrially in factories. This results in high equipment investment and construction costs; a small-scale organic fertilizer production line requires an investment of hundreds of thousands of yuan, is complex to operate, and necessitates a complete set of equipment for crushing, granulation, drying, and packaging. This makes them unsuitable for on-site fermentation in fields and other production locations, failing to meet the needs of farmers for small-scale, dispersed applications. Especially in the major sugarcane-producing areas and concentrated areas for the cultivation and processing of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in southern my country, the sources of large amounts of waste are scattered, making centralized collection and transportation costly. Long-distance transportation not only increases logistics costs but may also cause secondary pollution along the way.

[0005] Furthermore, existing technologies lack simple and easy-to-implement methods for the joint composting and fermentation of Sophora japonica medicinal residue and sugarcane filter mud. The ratio of these two special organic wastes and the fermentation process parameters are still unclear. There is also a lack of systematic research on how to effectively retain and exert antibacterial effects on the residual flavonoid bioactive substances in Sophora japonica residue during composting, which affects the economic benefits and product quality of waste resource utilization.

[0006] Meanwhile, existing technologies often require the addition of large amounts of auxiliary materials such as straw, rice bran, and livestock manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, increasing raw material and transportation costs and hindering on-site processing at the source of raw materials. More importantly, traditional open-air composting methods are greatly affected by the weather. During the rainy season, nutrients are easily leached, and during the dry season, rapid water evaporation affects microbial activity. Fermentation is difficult to start under low temperatures in winter, making it difficult to guarantee stable production and consistent product quality throughout the year. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and provide a method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud. This method does not require the use of special equipment such as fermentation tanks or fermentation troughs, and can be carried out directly on flat ground. It is simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for on-site composting in production sites.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud, wherein the Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud are mixed and directly piled for fermentation on a flat ground, and the top of the pile is covered with a rainproof tarpaulin during the fermentation process, specifically including the following steps: Ingredients and mixing: Mix the Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud thoroughly in a mass ratio of 3-5:5-7, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%-65%; Stacking: The mixed materials are stacked into a square pile; Covering: Cover the top of the pile with a rainproof tarpaulin that completely covers the top of the pile and extends downwards to the bottom of the pile; Fermentation management: After the pile is covered, it ferments under natural conditions for 45 to 60 days, turning the pile during the fermentation process; Obtaining compost: When the temperature of the compost pile drops to the ambient temperature, and the material is dark brown, loose in texture, and has no obvious odor, organic compost product is obtained.

[0009] Furthermore, the Sophora japonica bud residue is the solid waste residue after rutin extraction from Sophora japonica buds, with a moisture content of 60% to 70%.

[0010] Furthermore, the sugarcane filter mud is the sedimented filter sludge generated during the sugar production process.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the Sophora japonica bud residue to the sugarcane filter mud is 4 to 6.

[0012] Furthermore, in the stacking step, the width of the bottom of the stack is 5 to 10 meters, and the height of the stack is 1.0 to 1.8 meters.

[0013] Furthermore, the rainproof tarpaulin is black or dark-colored, and after covering, it is secured with stones or soil bags around the edges.

[0014] Furthermore, in the fermentation management steps, a turning operation is performed when the temperature at the center of the pile exceeds 65°C.

[0015] Furthermore, in the fermentation management steps, the pile is turned over 2 to 3 times throughout the entire fermentation process.

[0016] Furthermore, in the ingredient and mixing step, microbial fermentation agents and brown sugar are added to the mixture.

[0017] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the microbial fermentation agent, brown sugar, and the mixed materials is 1:1:1000.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. No special equipment required. This invention allows for direct fermentation on flat, open ground, eliminating the need for specialized equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation vessels, as well as conventional organic fertilizer production lines for crushing, granulation, drying, and packaging. This significantly reduces equipment investment and construction costs, making it particularly suitable for small and medium-sized farmers and production enterprises.

[0019] 2. Synergistic Resource Utilization of Two Wastes. This invention combines two special organic wastes—Sophora japonica flower bud medicinal residue and sugarcane filter mud—into a combined composting process, solving the environmental pollution problem caused by waste discharge, realizing the resource-based recycling of waste, and reducing the environmental burden on pharmaceutical and sugar manufacturing companies.

[0020] 3. Simple to operate and easy to promote. The process of this invention is simple, requires low technical level, uses local materials, is flexible and convenient, and the stacking scale can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the supply of raw materials and site conditions, which has a good prospect for promotion and application.

[0021] 4. Excellent product quality. The bioactive components remaining in the Sophora japonica bud residue endow the organic compost with certain antibacterial and disease-resistant effects. The organic compost produced by combining it with sugarcane filter mud is rich in organic matter and various plant nutrients, with an organic matter content of over 40%. It is also rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, which can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the soil organic matter content, and enhance soil fertility.

[0022] 5. Moderate fermentation cycle. Under natural conditions and using a covered fermentation method, the fermentation cycle is generally 45 to 60 days to reach the required level of decomposition. Compared with traditional open-air natural composting, this shortens the fermentation time and improves the efficiency of waste treatment.

[0023] 6. Environmentally friendly. Covering the pile with rainproof tarpaulin can effectively prevent the spread of odors and the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, while reducing nutrient loss and secondary pollution caused by rainwater erosion, thus having good environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a structure for covering a pile with rainproof tarpaulin. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] The present invention proposes a method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud, which does not require the use of fermentation tanks or fermentation troughs, but can be carried out directly on a flat ground, and covered with rainproof tarpaulin during the fermentation process.

[0027] Specifically, the following steps are included: (1) Ingredient preparation and mixing: Mix the Sophora japonica medicinal residue and sugarcane filter mud thoroughly in a mass ratio of 3-5:5-7, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%-65%. Microbial fermentation agents and brown sugar can be added during the mixing process to promote fermentation. (2) Stacking: The mixed materials are piled into a square, with a base length of 5 to 10 meters and a height of 1.0 to 1.8 meters. The base length is determined according to site conditions, and natural stacking is adopted. (3) Coverage: Cover the top of the pile with a rainproof tarpaulin that completely covers the top of the pile and extends downwards to the bottom of the pile, forming a relatively closed fermentation space, allowing the pile to ferment naturally while covered; the rainproof tarpaulin is black or dark-colored. (4) Fermentation management: After the pile is covered, it is fermented under natural conditions for 45 to 60 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is monitored. When the temperature at the center of the pile exceeds 65°C, the pile is turned over once. The pile is turned over 2 to 3 times during the entire fermentation process. (5) Obtain compost: When the temperature of the compost pile drops to ambient temperature, and the material turns dark brown, has a loose texture, and has no obvious odor, organic compost product is obtained.

[0028] The Sophora japonica medicinal residue is the solid waste residue after rutin extraction from Sophora japonica, with a moisture content of 60% to 70%; the sugarcane filter mud is the sedimentation and filtration sludge generated during the sugar production process, which is a stable organic byproduct.

[0029] The preferred mass ratio of the mixture is Sophora japonica bud residue: sugarcane filter mud = 4:6.

[0030] The covering method of the rainproof tarpaulin is as follows: Lay the rainproof tarpaulin flat on top of the pile, press it down with heavy objects around the edges, and use stones and soil bags to press and fix the edges of the tarpaulin.

[0031] Sophora japonica flower bud medicinal residue and sugarcane filter mud are both organic wastes with high water content and rich in organic matter; Sugarcane filter mud contains a certain amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, and iron required by plants. It also contains a large amount of humic acid precursors, making it an excellent raw material for soil conditioners. In addition to conventional nutrients such as crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber, the residue of Sophora japonica bud medicinal herbs also retains some incompletely extracted rutin, quercetin, and flavonoid bioactive substances. These substances have natural antibacterial, antioxidant, and pest and disease resistance effects. When applied to the soil, they can inhibit the reproduction of soil-borne pathogens and enhance the disease resistance of crops. When the two are mixed in an appropriate ratio, the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted to the optimal fermentation range of 25-30:1, and the moisture content can be automatically adjusted to the appropriate range of 55-65%. No additional auxiliary materials are required, which reduces costs and simplifies the process. The loose and porous physical structure of the mixture provides good aeration conditions for aerobic microorganisms, which is conducive to the colonization and reproduction of microorganisms and the rapid degradation of organic matter. Covering with rainproof tarpaulin can effectively prevent nutrient loss caused by rainwater erosion, reduce excessive moisture evaporation, and at the same time play a role in heat preservation and moisture retention, creating a stable microenvironment for the fermentation activities of microorganisms inside the pile, avoiding interference from adverse weather conditions such as sudden changes in external temperature, rain, and sun exposure, and achieving stable production throughout the year. Under natural conditions, through a dynamic fermentation process combining micro-anaerobic fermentation on the surface of the compost pile with aerobic fermentation inside, the complex organic matter in the Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud is gradually degraded and transformed: in the early stage, mesophilic bacteria rapidly multiply and decompose easily degradable organic matter; in the middle stage, thermophilic bacteria are active and kill pathogens and weed seeds; in the later stage, during the cooling period, humification and synthesis occur, ultimately transforming into a high-quality organic compost product with stable properties, rich humus content, and diverse beneficial microbial populations.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0033] The Sophora japonica residue used in each embodiment of the present invention is taken from the Sophora japonica rutin extraction production line. Its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with a small amount of rutin and flavonoids remaining. The sugarcane filter mud is taken from the sulfite sugar refining process. Its main components are cellulose, humus, calcium and magnesium salts, and various trace elements. Example 1:

[0034] (1) Take 800 kg of solid waste residue after extracting rutin from Sophora japonica, with a moisture content of about 65%, and 1200 kg of sugarcane filter mud, with a moisture content of about 60%. The mass ratio of Sophora japonica residue to sugarcane filter mud is 4:6. Mix thoroughly and evenly. The total moisture content of the mixture is measured to be 62%. Add an appropriate amount of dried straw powder to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%. (2) On a flat cement ground, the mixed materials are piled into a square with a base width of 8 meters, a height of 1.5 meters, and a length of 8 meters. The pile is piled up naturally and gently tamped down. The total volume of the pile is about 96 cubic meters. (3) Take blue and red double-color polyethylene rainproof cloth to cover the entire pile. The rainproof cloth extends to cover the bottom of the pile by more than 50cm. The edges are pressed and fixed with 12 evenly distributed stones to prevent it from being blown away by the wind or rainwater from seeping in. (4) Monitor the temperature at the center of the pile daily during the composting process. The pile temperature rises to 55℃ on the 15th day, 63℃ on the 22nd day, and 62℃ on the 30th day. At this time, the first turning of the pile is carried out. The pile is turned manually, turning the outer layer of material into the center of the pile and the inner material into the outer layer to ensure uniform fermentation. After turning, the pile is covered with colored cloth again. The second turning is carried out on the 45th day. Fermentation continues until the 60th day. When the temperature at the center of the pile drops to the ambient temperature of 28℃, the material is dark brown, loose in texture, and has no obvious odor. It can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when released. This is the finished organic compost product. Example 2:

[0035] (1) Take 1000 kg of solid waste residue after extracting rutin from Sophora japonica flowers, with a moisture content of about 68% and 1400 kg of sugarcane filter mud, with a moisture content of about 62%. The mass ratio of Sophora japonica flower residue to sugarcane filter mud is 4.2:5.8. Mix them thoroughly and evenly. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is measured to be 28:1 and the moisture content is 61%. Adjust it to 58%. According to the mass ratio of EM microbial composting agent: brown sugar: mixture of materials 1:1:1000, first dissolve the brown sugar in warm water to activate the agent, spray it evenly on the surface of the material and stir to mix. (2) After laying a layer of mulch on the leveled soil surface, pile the mixture into a square with a base width of 8 meters, a height of 1.6 meters, and a length of 8 meters. Pile it naturally to avoid excessive compaction that could affect ventilation. (3) Cover the entire pile with thick black rainproof tarpaulin, and fix the rainproof tarpaulin with soil bags around it. Set a pressure point every 2 meters. (4) Monitor the temperature of the pile every 7 days during the fermentation process. On the 12th day, the pile temperature exceeds 50℃ and enters the high temperature period. On the 20th day, the temperature reaches 66℃ and the pile is turned over for the first time. On the 28th day, the pile is turned over for the second time. After turning, the pile is covered with colored cloth again. Continue fermentation until the 50th day. When the pile temperature drops to the ambient temperature, the material is fully decomposed and the seed germination index is measured to be 86%, thus obtaining the finished organic compost. Example 3:

[0036] Mix the dregs of Sophora japonica buds with sugarcane filter mud at a mass ratio of 3:7, adjust the moisture content to 60%, pile it up to a height of 1.2 meters, ferment for 55 days, turn the pile twice, and perform other operations as in Example 1. Example 4:

[0037] Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:5. The Sophora japonica bud residue had a moisture content of 66%, and the sugarcane filter mud had a moisture content of 58%. After thorough mixing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio was measured to be 26:1 and the moisture content was 62%. The moisture content was then adjusted to 56%. The pile was piled up to a height of 1.4 meters, a base width of 6 meters, and a length of 10 meters. The pile was turned over for the first time on the 18th day when the pile temperature reached 64℃, and for the second time on the 38th day. Fermentation was completed in 52 days.

[0038] Comparative Example 1: The same proportion of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud mixture was used for open-air fermentation without any covering, and other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 2: Sophora japonica bud residue was fermented separately without adding sugarcane filter mud, and other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0040] Comparative Example 3: Sugarcane filter mud was fermented separately without adding Sophora japonica bud residue, and other conditions were the same as in Example 1. Table 1 Effects of different raw material ratios on fermentation parameters

[0041] Table 2. Temperature Change Monitoring During Fermentation in Example 2

[0042] The test results of the main technical indicators of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in the table below:

[0043] As shown in the table above, all indicators in the embodiments of this invention meet the national standards for organic fertilizers, and all hygiene indicators are qualified. Example 2, with the addition of microbial inoculants, showed the best results, achieving an organic matter content of 45.3%, total nutrients of 7.5%, a seed germination index of 86%, and a fermentation cycle of only 50 days. Compared with the open-air composting of Comparative Example 1, covered fermentation not only improved fermentation efficiency and product quality, but more importantly, significantly improved hygiene indicators, with fecal coliform count and ascarid egg mortality both meeting the requirements for harmlessness.

[0044] Field application effect verification The organic compost prepared according to this invention was applied to a vegetable planting experiment, with 2000 kg applied per acre, and compared with commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer and a blank control without fertilizer.

[0045] Table 3 Comparison of Field Application Effects of Compost Products

[0046] As shown in the table above, the organic compost prepared by this invention is significantly superior to commercially available ordinary organic fertilizers in terms of yield increase, quality improvement, pest and disease control, and soil improvement. Tomato yield increased by 18.6%, vitamin C content increased by 12.3%, and nitrate content decreased by 21.5%; bok choy yield increased by 15.2%, chlorophyll content increased by 11.2%, and the incidence of pests and diseases decreased by more than 30%.

[0047] This indicates that the compost product of the present invention not only has significant fertilizer effect, but also that the flavonoids remaining in the Sophora japonica bud residue do play an antibacterial and disease-resistant role, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used and effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0048] Test method description: The organic matter content described in this invention was determined by potassium dichromate titration method. The total nutrients were determined by sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion method, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were summed. The seed germination index was determined by the germination test of Chinese cabbage seeds. The total flavonoid content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with rutin as a reference standard. The hygienic indicators were tested according to the standard method of GB / T 19524.1-2004.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions based on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the core ideas of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the combined fermentation of organic compost from sophora fruit residues and sugar cane filter mud, characterized in that, After mixing the Sophora japonica bud residue with sugarcane filter mud, the mixture is directly piled up on a flat surface for fermentation. During the fermentation process, the top of the pile is covered with a rainproof tarpaulin. The specific steps include: Ingredients and mixing: Mix the Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud thoroughly in a mass ratio of 3-5:5-7, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%-65%; Stacking: The mixed materials are stacked into a square pile; Covering: Cover the top of the pile with a rainproof tarpaulin that completely covers the top of the pile and extends downwards to the bottom of the pile; Fermentation management: After the pile is covered, it ferments under natural conditions for 45 to 60 days, turning the pile during the fermentation process; Obtaining compost: When the temperature of the compost pile drops to the ambient temperature, and the material is dark brown, loose in texture, and has no obvious odor, organic compost product is obtained.

2. The method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sophora japonica bud residue is the solid waste residue after rutin extraction from sophora japonica buds, with a moisture content of 60% to 70%.

3. The method for co-fermenting organic compost of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sugarcane filter mud is the sedimentation and filtration sludge produced during the sugar production process.

4. The method for co-fermenting organic compost of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the Sophora japonica bud residue to the sugarcane filter mud is 4:

6.

5. The method for co-fermenting organic compost of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the stacking step, the width of the base of the stack is 5 to 10 meters, and the height of the stack is 1.0 to 1.8 meters.

6. The method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainproof tarpaulin is black or dark-colored, and after covering, it is secured with stones or soil bags around the perimeter.

7. The method for co-fermenting organic compost of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the fermentation management steps, the pile is turned over when the temperature at the center of the pile exceeds 65°C.

8. The method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the fermentation management steps, the pile is turned over 2 to 3 times throughout the entire fermentation process.

9. The method for co-fermenting organic compost with Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ingredient preparation and mixing step, microbial fermentation agent and brown sugar are added to the mixture.

10. The method for co-fermenting organic compost of Sophora japonica bud residue and sugarcane filter mud according to claim 9, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the microbial fermentation agent, brown sugar, and mixed materials is 1:1:1000.

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