Preparation method of self-repairing biomimetic ionic skin

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of flexible sensors, and discloses a preparation method of self-repairing bionic ionic skin, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a modified silicone rubber matrix; 2) preparing a hydrophobic ionic liquid; and 3) preparing the bionic ionic skin: the modified silicone rubber matrix in step 1) and the hydrophobic ionic liquid in step 2) are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, an initiator is added, and free radical polymerization is carried out at 70-90 DEG C for 24-48 h; after the reaction is completed, the obtained polymer solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, the solvent is removed by volatilization at room temperature, and drying is carried out to obtain the bionic ionic skin. The obtained bionic ionic skin has significant self-healing performance, excellent mechanical properties, fast electrical signal response and cycle stability, and has important industrial application value in the fields of flexible electronic skin, wearable smart devices and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flexible sensor technology and relates to a method for preparing self-healing bionic ion skin. Background Technology

[0002] Flexible bionic skin is a fundamental material in the field of flexible electronics, playing a crucial role in the development of wearable devices, medical and health monitoring, and human-computer interaction systems. By adjusting the polymer chain structure and network, flexible bionic skin can possess excellent stretchability, high transparency, and self-healing capabilities, further expanding its application possibilities in various flexible electronic devices. Moreover, flexible bionic skin easily achieves interfacial adhesion, enhancing the fit between the device and the working interface, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of signal transmission. Ionic skin (i-skin) based on ionic liquids has become a research hotspot due to its ability to generate recoverable electrical signals during mechanical deformation. Currently, achieving invisibility and comfort in wearable devices is an important development direction in the field of wearable electronics. However, in practical applications, flexible wearable ionic skin still faces a core challenge: achieving excellent mechanical flexibility, efficient self-healing capabilities, and highly sensitive and stable sensing performance synergistically in a single material system is difficult.

[0003] Currently, most flexible biomimetic skins are composed of a polymer matrix and ion-conducting components. Ionic liquids are commonly used ion-conducting functional materials, possessing properties such as high conductivity, high thermal stability, low melting point, easy recyclability, and directional designability. Introducing ion liquids into the polymer matrix can improve the polymer's conductivity and enhance sensor sensitivity. However, the introduction of ion liquids reduces the mechanical strength and elasticity of ion-conducting materials, and the interaction between ion liquids and polymers is relatively weak, resulting in problems such as poor stability and short lifespan.

[0004] Chinese patent CN121270802A reports a dual-dynamic topological hydrogel mimicking sea cucumber ion-skin, its preparation method, and its applications. This invention uses a thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel as a continuous matrix to simulate the dynamic adaptability of sea cucumber skin; and an ion-conductive microgel as a rigid dispersed phase to simulate the collagen fiber network of the sea cucumber connective tissue layer. While the method used in this technical solution constructs a dynamic network of "rigid nodes-flexible matrix," its self-healing properties and sensitivity are not demonstrated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the technical challenge of achieving synergistic coexistence of excellent mechanical flexibility, efficient self-healing ability, and highly sensitive and stable sensing performance in flexible wearable ionic skin within a single material system. It provides a method for preparing self-healing bionic ionic skin, resulting in a bionic ionic skin with significant self-healing properties, excellent mechanical properties, rapid electrical signal response, and cyclic stability. This skin has significant industrial application value in fields such as flexible electronic skin and wearable smart devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing self-healing biomimetic ion skin, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Preparation of modified silicone rubber matrix:

[0009] Amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H2N-PDMS-NH2) and diisocyanate compounds were added to tetrahydrofuran and mixed by stirring at room temperature; then oxime compounds and dibutyltin dilaurate were added, the mixture was heated and stirred to react, and then dried to obtain the modified silicone rubber matrix;

[0010] 2) Preparation of hydrophobic ionic liquids:

[0011] 1-Vinylimidazolium and benzyl chloride were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile and reacted with stirring at 60-90°C. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and then an aqueous solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was added to obtain a hydrophobic ionic liquid.

[0012] 3) Preparation of biomimetic ion skin:

[0013] The modified silicone rubber matrix from step 1) and the hydrophobic ionic liquid from step 2) were both dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and an initiator was added. The free radical polymerization reaction was carried out at 70~90℃ for 24~48 h. After the reaction was completed, the resulting polymer solution was poured into a mold to evaporate the solvent at room temperature and dried to obtain the biomimetic ionic skin.

[0014] In this invention, amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H2N-PDMS-NH2) is first reacted with diisocyanate compounds to generate a prepolymer containing urea groups. Oxime substances act as dynamic crosslinking agents, reacting with diisocyanate compounds to generate dynamic covalent oxime-carbamate bonds rich in hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, hydrogen bonds are formed between oxime carbamate bonds, urea groups, amide groups, and even urea-amide pairs. These hydrogen bonds intertwine to construct a multidimensional crosslinking network, which not only ensures the structural integrity of the modified silicone rubber but also guarantees the reliability of its functional properties.

[0015] The electrostatic interactions between positively charged imidazole units and negatively charged sulfonic acid groups in the hydrophobic ionic liquid framework of this invention exhibit unique directional characteristics. These electrostatic interactions further regulate the entanglement state of the modified silicone rubber molecular chains, complementing the hydrogen-bonded network structure and thus significantly enhancing the mechanical strength of the material. The synergistic integration of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions not only significantly improves the ductility and tensile properties of the ionic skin but also effectively alleviates the rigidity problem of the ionic network.

[0016] In some technical solutions, the isocyanate compound is selected from one or more of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). For example, it is a mixture of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

[0017] In some technical solutions, the oxime compound is selected from one of diaminodioxime (DAG) or dimethyldioxime (DMG).

[0018] In some technical solutions, the amount of the oxime compound used is 1 to 3% of the mass of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

[0019] In some technical solutions, the amount of dibutyltin dilaurate used is 0.5 to 1% of the mass of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

[0020] In some technical solutions, the reaction temperature of the heating and stirring reaction in step 1) is 40~60℃, such as 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, preferably 55℃.

[0021] In some technical solutions, the amount of hydrophobic ionic liquid used in step 3) is 5 to 20 wt% of the modified silicone rubber matrix. For example, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, preferably 20%.

[0022] While increasing the content of hydrophobic ionic liquid can improve the hydrogen bond density between the modified silicone rubber and the hydrophobic ionic liquid in the biomimetic ionic skin network to some extent, thereby enhancing the tensile properties, toughness, and Young's modulus of the biomimetic ionic skin, the research revealed the following: 1) When the mass fraction of the hydrophobic ionic liquid exceeds 20%, the compatibility between the hydrophobic ionic liquid and the modified silicone rubber decreases, leading to a loosening of the biomimetic ionic skin structure and a simultaneous decrease in Young's modulus and elongation at break. 2) An appropriate amount of ionic liquid can enhance the mechanical strength of the ionic skin by strengthening chain lubrication, but excessive hydrophobic ionic liquid can cause overstretching of the polymer network, resulting in relaxation of certain areas of the internal network structure of the gel, triggering detangling of the biomimetic ionic skin, and ultimately leading to increased softness and decreased rigidity.

[0023] In some technical solutions, the initiator is selected from azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or azobisisoheptanenitrile (ABVN), with AIBN being preferred.

[0024] In some technical solutions, the amount of the initiator added is 1 to 3% of the mass of the hydrophobic ionic liquid, which can be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, preferably 2%.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the self-healing bionic ion skin prepared by the above preparation method in wearable sensors.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention combines modified silicone rubber with a hydrophobic ionic liquid via free radical copolymerization. Utilizing a triple synergistic enhancement mechanism—diisocyanate providing rigid support, the ionic liquid promoting uniform dispersion, and a dynamic hydrogen bond network improving energy dissipation efficiency—the tensile strength of the ionic skin is increased (up to 10.31 MPa), achieving enhanced mechanical properties. It also exhibits excellent electrical response characteristics. As a sensor, it demonstrates stable signal transmission under pressure of 15.5 kPa and 10 Hz, with a response time ≤27 ms and a recovery time ≤35 ms under pressure of 1.0 kPa and 10 Hz. It also exhibits high sensitivity, with a sensitivity of 2.69~9.74 kPa in the low-pressure range (0-5 kPa). -1 Its sensitivity is 0.88~4.46 kPa in the medium-to-high pressure range (5-50 kPa). -1 .

[0028] The biomimetic ionic skin of this invention has significant self-healing properties, excellent mechanical properties, rapid electrical signal response and cycle stability. It solves the technical problem of the difficulty in synergistically optimizing the mechanical properties and electrical response characteristics of flexible ionic skin, and has important industrial application value in the fields of flexible electronic skin and wearable smart devices. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the hydrophobic ionic liquid VBIMTFSI obtained in Example 2 is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Examples 2-4 are shown.

[0031] Figure 3 The tensile stress-strain curves of the biomimetic ionic skin obtained with different ionic liquid contents in Examples 1, 2 to 4 are shown.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the cyclic stability of the electrical signal of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4.

[0033] Figure 5 The electrical signal response and recovery time of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 are shown.

[0034] Figure 6 The sensitivity of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 under different voltages.

[0035] Figure 7 The diagram shows the Young's modulus and toughness of the biomimetic ionic skin obtained in Examples 1, 2 to 4.

[0036] Figure 8 The graph shows the self-healing efficiency of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Examples 2-4 after 8 hours.

[0037] Figure 9 The images show motion electrical signal sensing diagrams of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 at different parts of the body, where (a) represents the finger; (b) the wrist; and (c) the elbow. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the test methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods.

[0039] The amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane used in the following examples was purchased from Gelest, molecular weight 5000; 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate was purchased from Aladdin, purity 98%; isophorone diisocyanate was purchased from Aladdin, purity 98%; 1-vinylimidazole was purchased from Aladdin, purity 98%; benzyl chloride was purchased from Aladdin, purity 98%. Other reagents were commonly used in the laboratory.

[0040] Example 1: Preparation of Modified Silicone Rubber Matrix

[0041] Weigh out amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (4 g, 8 mmol) and isophorone diisocyanate (0.32 g, 14 mmol), add them to tetrahydrofuran solvent and mix. Stir at room temperature for 24 h.

[0042] Then, diaminodioxime (0.0295 g, 0.25 mmol) and dibutyltin dilaurate (0.012 g, 0.2 mmol) were added, heated to 50°C and stirred for 24 h, and then dried at room temperature to obtain the modified silicone rubber matrix.

[0043] Example 2: Preparation of Bionic Ion Skin 1

[0044] (1) Preparation of modified silicone rubber matrix: The specific steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] (2) Preparation of hydrophobic ionic liquids:

[0046] 1-Vinylimidazole (1.92 g, 20 mmol) and benzyl chloride (2.78 g, 22 mmol) were dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile. The vacuum and nitrogen purging process was repeated three times to ensure a nitrogen atmosphere in the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel containing the mixture was placed in a constant-temperature oil bath and stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. After the reaction was complete, the resulting liquid was washed several times with ethyl acetate solution, and the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator, finally yielding a transparent yellow oily ionic liquid (VBIMCl).

[0047] Subsequently, an aqueous solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) was added dropwise to BVIMMCl at room temperature. During the experiment, it was observed that a white precipitate gradually formed in the solution with increasing LiTFSI addition. The reaction system was continuously stirred at room temperature for 12 h to ensure that the anion exchange reaction proceeded fully. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed several times with deionized water, and finally the resulting yellow oily liquid was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 24 h to obtain the desired product 1-benzyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (VBIMTFSI).

[0048] Figure 1This is the infrared spectrum of the hydrophobic ionic liquid VBIMTFSI obtained in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the 3000-3100 cm⁻¹ range... -1 The absorption peaks are attributed to the unsaturated CH stretching vibrations of the benzene and imidazole rings; 1500-1600 cm⁻¹ -1 Multiple absorptions at 1050–1350 cm⁻¹ correspond to stretching of the imidazole ring and benzene ring C=C / C=N skeleton, confirming the benzyl-modified imidazole cationic structure; -1 [TFSI] appeared. - The anions S=O and CF exhibit strong absorption characteristics, with low frequencies ranging from 500 to 950 cm⁻¹. -1 The dense peaks indicate out-of-plane bending of the aromatic ring CH and vibrations of the anionic framework, suggesting successful synthesis of the ionic liquid.

[0049] (3) Preparation of biomimetic ion skin:

[0050] 3 g of modified silicone rubber matrix was weighed and placed in a three-necked flask. 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran solvent was added to dissolve the modified silicone rubber. Subsequently, 0.15 g of hydrophobic ionic liquid (5 wt% of the modified silicone rubber matrix) and 0.003 g of initiator AIBN (2 wt% of the hydrophobic ionic liquid) were dissolved in the tetrahydrofuran solvent, and the resulting solution was added dropwise to the modified silicone rubber solution. The mixture was stirred at high speed for 2 h to obtain a homogeneous solution. The reaction system was then transferred to an 80°C constant-temperature oil bath and heated under reflux for 48 h.

[0051] After the reaction was completed, the resulting polymer solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene square mold (5cm×5cm) and the solvent was evaporated at room temperature for 2 hours. Finally, it was placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ to obtain a yellow, semi-transparent biomimetic ionic skin.

[0052] Example 3: Preparation of Bionic Ion Skin 2

[0053] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment two, except that the amount of hydrophobic ionic liquid added in step (3) is 0.3g, which is 10 wt% of the modified silicone rubber matrix.

[0054] Example 4: Preparation of Bionic Ion Skin 3

[0055] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment two, except that the amount of hydrophobic ionic liquid added in step (3) is 0.6 g, which is 20 wt% of the modified silicone rubber matrix.

[0056] Figure 2 The images show the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the biomimetic ion skins obtained in Examples 1, 2-4. The figures show approximately 710 cm⁻¹. -1 SNS skeletal vibration peak at 1050-1130 cm⁻¹ -1The trifluoromethyl vibration peak in the region, 1560 cm⁻¹ -1 The imidazolium ring peak at 3300-3500 cm⁻¹, and the peak at 3300-3500 cm⁻¹. - The presence of NH stretching vibration peaks within the specified range indicates the successful synthesis of biomimetic ion skin.

[0057] Figure 3 The tensile stress-strain curves of the biomimetic ionic skins obtained in Examples 1, 2-4 with different ionic liquid contents are shown. It can be seen that the modified silicone rubber obtained in Example 1 exhibits a tensile strength of 5.34 MPa, while the biomimetic ionic skins obtained in Examples 2-4 show a gradually increasing tensile strength trend (from 6.19 MPa to 10.31 MPa). This is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the modified silicone rubber and the hydrophobic ionic liquid. Under external tensile force, the polyionic liquid molecular chains gradually orient themselves along the direction of force, promoting the close proximity of cations and aromatic rings between chain segments and the occurrence of cation-π interactions, continuously generating new dynamic reversible crosslinking sites, effectively increasing the supramolecular crosslinking density of the system. Simultaneously, its interpenetrating network framework restricts the large-scale slippage of polymer chains. The synergistic effect of these multiple actions gradually increases the tensile strength of the material from 5.34 MPa to 10.31 MPa, laying a mechanical foundation for its application in wearable sensing, flexible actuation, and other fields.

[0058] The biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 was used to fabricate a sensor: the biomimetic ion skin was cut into 30 mm × 30 mm pieces, and conductive silver paste was evenly applied to both sides. After being completely dried at room temperature, copper tape of the same size was used as electrodes, and then sealed with polyimide tape. The sensor's continuous voltage change, response characteristics under static-dynamic composite load, electrical signal response time and recovery time, and sensitivity were detected.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a cyclic stability diagram of the electrical signal of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4. From... Figure 4 It can be seen that under the conditions of 15.5 kPa and 10 Hz, the voltage quickly recovers to the initial voltage after the strain is released, and the voltage remains stable after 39,500 cycles. This demonstrates that the sensor has the ability to monitor stably for a long time without any performance degradation during the monitoring process.

[0060] Figure 5 The electrical signal response and recovery time of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 are shown. Figure 5 As can be seen, under the conditions of 1.0 kPa and 10 Hz, the response time of the electrical signal of the biomimetic ion skin in Example 4 is ≤27 ms and the recovery time is ≤35 ms. The short response and recovery time have sensitivity and rapid responsiveness under the application of external force, which will trigger the targeted feedback of the electrical signal in real time.

[0061] Figure 6 The sensitivity of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 under different voltages. Figure 6 It can be seen that the biomimetic ion skin of Example 4 has a sensitivity of 2.69~9.74 kPa in the low pressure range (0-5 kPa). -1 Its sensitivity is 0.88~4.46 kPa in the medium-to-high pressure range (5-50 kPa). -1 This value also confirms the high sensitivity of the biomimetic ion skin of this invention under weak mechanical stimulation, and it has a higher accuracy in motion detection of different parts of the body, showing good application potential in the field of sensing.

[0062] Self-healing efficiency and mechanical recovery self-healing ability are crucial to ensuring the operational stability of bionic ionic skin, directly affecting the lifespan and reliability of flexible electronic devices. The specific steps are as follows: The bionic ionic skin sample is cut into two pieces using a clean blade, and the fractured surfaces of the two parts are then joined together. Repair is performed at different temperatures and for different durations at room temperature. Changes in the fractured surface of the repaired sample are observed using an optical microscope. Changes in the fracture cross-section of the repaired sample are observed using a scanning electron microscope. Following the above procedure, the repaired sample is stretched on a tensile testing machine (WDW-10) to obtain stress-strain curves. The mechanical self-healing efficiency (η) is defined as... ,in This indicates the elongation at break of the repaired specimen. This represents the elongation at break of the original (unbroken) bionic ion skin. To further investigate the self-healing efficiency and mechanical recovery self-healing ability, the stress-strain of the bionic ion skin obtained in Examples 2-4 was tested at room temperature and after self-healing for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 24 h, and the self-healing efficiency was calculated.

[0063] Figure 7 The graphs show the Young's modulus and toughness of the biomimetic ion skins obtained in Examples 1, 2-4. Figure 7 It can be seen that with the increase of hydrophobic ionic liquid content, its Young's modulus and toughness also increase, reaching maximum values ​​of 6.64±0.28 MPa and 6.28±0.27 MJ / m, respectively. 3 The fundamental reason is that the combined action of cationic-II and multiple hydrogen bonds continuously forms new dynamic reversible crosslinking sites during the stretching process, effectively increasing the supramolecular crosslinking density of the system.

[0064] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the self-healing efficiency of the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Examples 2-4 after 8 hours. Figure 8It can be seen that with the increase of the amount of hydrophobic ionic liquid, the self-healing rate of the biomimetic ionic skin in Examples 2-4 increased from 92.85% to 98.94±1.83% after 8 hours. This self-healing process is mainly regulated by the mobility of polymer chains and the interaction between dynamic hydrogen bonds and ions. These act as reversible cross-linked structures to maintain the integrity of the overall structure and undergo dissociation and recombination during the healing process, thereby promoting chain diffusion and entanglement at the fracture interface.

[0065] from Figure 9 Observation shows that when the biomimetic ion skin obtained in Example 4 is fixed to different body parts, such as fingers, wrists, and elbows, it can detect human motion signals. The biomimetic ion skin responds to different electrical signals in response to deformations in different body parts.

[0066] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are only used to explain the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other implementation methods can be easily made by substitution or modification based on the technical content disclosed in this specification. Therefore, all changes and improvements made on the principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a self-healing biomimetic ionic skin, characterized by, Includes the following steps: 1) Preparation of modified silicone rubber matrix: Amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and diisocyanate compounds were added to tetrahydrofuran and stirred at room temperature; then oxime compounds and dibutyltin dilaurate were added, the mixture was heated and stirred to react, and then dried to obtain a modified silicone rubber matrix; 2) Preparation of hydrophobic ionic liquids: 1-Vinylimidazolium and benzyl chloride were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile and reacted with stirring at 60-90°C. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and then an aqueous solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was added to obtain a hydrophobic ionic liquid. 3) Preparation of biomimetic ion skin: The modified silicone rubber matrix from step 1) and the hydrophobic ionic liquid from step 2) were both dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and an initiator was added. The free radical polymerization reaction was carried out at 70~90℃ for 24~48 h. After the reaction was completed, the resulting polymer solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold to evaporate and remove the solvent at room temperature, and then dried to obtain the biomimetic ionic skin.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The isocyanate compound is selected from one or more of hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, or 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxime compound is selected from one of diaminodioxime or dimethyldioxime.

4. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The amount of the oxime compound used is 1 to 3% of the mass of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The amount of dibutyltin dilaurate used is 0.5-1% of the mass of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The reaction temperature for the heating and stirring reaction described in step 1) is 40~60℃.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of hydrophobic ionic liquid used in step 3) is 5 to 20 wt% of the modified silicone rubber matrix.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The initiator is selected from azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or azobisisoheptanenitrile (ABVN).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The amount of the initiator added is 1 to 3% of the mass of the hydrophobic ionic liquid.

10. The application of the self-healing biomimetic ion skin prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in wearable sensors.

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