A biomass fuel rapid pyrolysis carbonization device

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass fuel rapid pyrolysis carbonization device and belongs to the technical field of biomass degradation. After the combustion chamber is started, heat is transferred to the bottom of the carbonization furnace. Fuel is transported to the annealing core pipe of the central heating assembly through the feeding assembly. After ignition, high temperature is sprayed out through the combustion nozzle to centrally heat the mixed material in the annular material cavity, a bottom and central double heating mode is formed, the uniformity of the thermal field in the furnace is improved, in the carbonization stage, the driving assembly drives the material placing assembly to rotate, the outer wave-shaped guide groove of the material placing assembly slides relative to the supporting slide column, so that the material placing assembly realizes the composite motion of rotation and axial reciprocating translation, and the spiral blade and the material pushing baffle of the material guiding assembly are matched, the mixed material is continuously turned and scattered, accumulation is avoided, sufficient contact of the mixed material with the double heat sources is ensured, uniform heating is realized, the problems of uneven heating of the mixed material in the traditional carbonization furnace, incomplete carbonization or excessive carbonization are solved, and the quality of the biomass carbon is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass degradation technology, specifically to a rapid pyrolysis and carbonization device for biomass fuel. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass energy, as the only renewable carbon-containing energy source, is an important support for replacing fossil energy and helping to achieve the dual carbon goals. Biomass raw materials include various types such as wood chips, straw, and fruit shells. Its pyrolysis and carbonization process is the core path to achieve closed-loop utilization of resources, energy, and carbon sinks.

[0003] Traditional carbonization furnaces employ a stacked, smoldering method, directly filling the furnace cavity with a mixture of different types and particle sizes of biomass. Heat is supplied through combustion at the bottom or sides of the furnace cavity, with heat mainly transferred through heat conduction and radiation. This results in large temperature differences between the upper and lower parts and the inside and outside of the furnace cavity, and a significant gradient in heat transfer. The parts of the mixture closest to the heat source are prone to over-carbonization, while the parts farther from the heat source are incompletely carbonized. The material is not fully dehydrated and carbonized, resulting in low carbon content in the finished charcoal, making it difficult to meet the standards for qualified products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid pyrolysis and carbonization device for biomass fuel, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as large temperature differences between the upper and lower parts and the inner and outer parts of the furnace cavity, obvious gradients in heat transfer, over-carbonization of the part of the mixture near the heat source, and incomplete carbonization of the part far from the heat source.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A rapid pyrolysis carbonization device for biomass fuel includes a carbonization furnace. A combustion chamber is installed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace. Arc-shaped brackets are fixed to both sides of the top of the combustion chamber. The inner walls of the two brackets are fixed to the bottom of the carbonization furnace. Sealing caps and end caps are installed at both ends of the carbonization furnace. A feeding assembly is provided inside the carbonization furnace. Multiple sets of supporting sliding columns are provided on both sides of the outside of the feeding assembly, with two supporting sliding columns in each set. The supporting sliding columns are fixedly inserted into the carbonization furnace. A guiding assembly is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feeding assembly, and a driving assembly is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the feeding assembly. The driving assembly is installed through the end caps. A rotatable limiting support assembly is fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace. A pressure reducing valve is installed through one side of the top of the carbonization furnace, and a smoke exhaust valve is installed above the end cover, communicating with the interior of the carbonization furnace. A sealing plate is bolted to the opening of the feeding assembly on the side away from the drive assembly, and a central heating assembly is installed through the center of the feeding assembly. One end of the central heating assembly is connected to a material injection assembly, and the other end of the material injection assembly passes through the sealing plate and the bottom of the carbonization furnace, communicating with the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber. A striking assembly is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the carbonization furnace, and the bottom end of the striking assembly overlaps the outside of the feeding assembly.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the material placement assembly includes a material placement chamber, which is cylindrical in shape and has an annular material cavity inside. A plurality of smoke exhaust holes are opened on one side of the material placement chamber and communicate with the annular material cavity. Four sets of limiting guide strips are fixed outside the material placement chamber, and each set of limiting guide strips consists of two strips that are slidably connected inside two limiting support assemblies.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, guide grooves are respectively provided on both sides of the outer side of the material storage chamber. The guide grooves are wave-shaped and are formed by several interconnected V-shaped grooves surrounding the circumference. The supporting sliding column is slidably connected in the guide groove. A set of protrusions is fixed on the front and rear sides of the outer side of the material storage chamber, and the number of protrusions in each set is three. A central hole is provided at the center of the inner side of the material storage chamber, and the central heating component is fixedly installed in the central hole.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the material guiding assembly includes a spiral blade, which is fixed in an annular material cavity, and three material guiding baffles are fixed in the spiral blade.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving assembly includes a driving base, three L-shaped connecting plates are fixed to the outside of the driving base, the three connecting plates are fixed to one side of the material placement chamber, a sliding groove is provided inside the driving base, the sliding groove is rectangular and a rectangular rod is slidably connected inside, and a motor is fixedly connected to the other end of the rectangular rod, the motor is fixedly fixed in the end cover.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the limiting support assembly includes a bearing outer ring, which is fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace. The bearing outer ring is rotatably connected to a bearing inner ring via ball bearings. The inner wall of the bearing inner ring is provided with four guide slides, and the limiting guide strip outside the material feeding chamber is slidably connected in the guide slides.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the central heating assembly includes a central combustion cylinder, which is fixedly inserted into a central hole. A tempering core tube is provided inside the central combustion cylinder, and several combustion nozzles are installed on the tempering core tube. A rotatable support bushing is sleeved on one end of the tempering core tube. The support bushing is snapped and fixed in a partition inside the central combustion cylinder, and several vent holes are provided in the partition. Several discharge holes are provided at the position where the central combustion cylinder extends to the outside of the material chamber, and the discharge holes communicate with the vent holes. An ignition mechanism is installed on one side inside the central combustion cylinder.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fuel injection assembly includes a fuel inlet pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber, and the other end of which is connected to a metering master valve. A hose is connected to the metering master valve, and a rotary joint is connected to one end of the top of the hose. The rotary joint is snapped into a sealing plate, and the other end of the rotary joint is connected to a one-way valve, which is connected to one end of the flashback core tube.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the striking assembly includes a horizontal plate, which is U-shaped and fixed to the top of the inner wall of the carbonization furnace. Three striking blocks slide through the horizontal plate. The front and rear sides of the striking blocks are inclined and correspond to the positions of the protrusions. A spring is fixed between the striking blocks and the inner wall of the carbonization furnace.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention activates the combustion chamber, transferring heat to the bottom of the carbonization furnace. Fuel is then supplied to the central heating assembly via the feeding assembly, entering the tempering core tube of the central combustion chamber. The ignition mechanism ignites the fuel in the tempering core tube. The high temperature generated by the fuel combustion is ejected through several combustion nozzles on the tempering core tube, centrally heating the mixture inside the annular material chamber of the feeding assembly. This achieves a dual heating mode of bottom and center heating in the carbonization furnace, improving the uniformity of the heat field distribution within the furnace. During the carbonization stage, the drive assembly activates, causing the feeding assembly to rotate. During rotation, the wave-shaped guide grooves on both sides of the feeding assembly slide relative to the supporting sliding columns fixed to the carbonization furnace. The guide grooves are... The wave-shaped design, formed by several interconnected V-shaped grooves, guides the guide grooves through the supporting sliding columns. This allows the feeding assembly to reciprocate along the axial direction of the carbonization furnace while rotating. The combined motion of the feeding chamber's rotation and reciprocating translation, along with the spiral blades of the guiding assembly, continuously tumbles and propels the biomass mixture within the annular material chamber. This prevents uneven heating caused by static accumulation of the mixture. Simultaneously, the material-dispersing baffles of the spiral blades further disperse the mixture, ensuring it fully contacts the high temperature generated by the central heating assembly and the heat transferred from the bottom of the carbonization furnace. This achieves uniform heating of the mixture, solving the problems of uneven heating, incomplete carbonization, or over-carbonization in traditional carbonization furnaces. It ensures uniform carbonization of the mixture and improves the quality of biochar. 2. This invention, by disassembling the sealing cover and the sealing plate on one side of the feeding component, activates the drive component to drive the feeding component to rotate in the opposite direction and move back and forth. During the rotation of the feeding component, the protrusions on its front and rear sides periodically contact the striking block of the striking component. The protrusions push the striking block to slide upward, compressing the spring. When the protrusion rotates and disengages from the striking block, the spring returns to its original position, driving the striking block to move downward and strike the outside of the feeding component. Through periodic striking, the residue adhering to the inner wall of the annular material cavity can be effectively shaken off, preventing the material from sticking to the surface of the annular material cavity and affecting the heating efficiency. In conjunction with the spiral blades of the guiding component, the biomass char in the annular material cavity is slowly pushed to the opening of the feeding component, achieving the purpose of automated discharge and adapting to the needs of large-scale biomass carbonization production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the carbonization furnace of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the striking component of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting support component of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the material placement component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the material storage chamber of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central heating component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a side view of the cross-sectional structure of the striking component of the present invention.

[0027] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Carbonization furnace; 2. Combustion chamber; 3. Sealing cover; 4. End cover; 5. Material feeding assembly; 501. Material feeding chamber; 502. Exhaust vent; 503. Limiting guide strip; 504. Guide groove; 505. Protrusion; 506. Annular material cavity; 507. Center hole; 6. Support slide column; 7. Material guiding assembly; 701. Spiral blade; 702. Material feeding stop bar; 8. Drive assembly; 801. Drive base; 802. Connecting plate; 803. Slide groove; 804. Rectangular rod; 805. Motor; 9. Limiting support assembly; 901. Bearing outer ring; 902. Bearing inner ring 10. Ring; 903. Guide slide; 11. Pressure reducing valve; 12. Smoke exhaust valve; 13. Bracket; 14. Sealing plate; 15. Center heating assembly; 16. Center combustion tube; 17. Tempering core tube; 18. Combustion nozzle; 19. Support bushing; 10. Vent hole; 11. Discharge hole; 12. Ignition mechanism; 13. Injection assembly; 144. Fuel inlet pipe; 155. Metering main valve; 16. Hose; 17. Rotary joint; 18. Check valve; 19. Knocking assembly; 10. Horizontal plate; 19. Knocking block; 10. Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0030] A rapid pyrolysis carbonization device for biomass fuel includes a carbonization furnace 1, a combustion chamber 2 installed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 1, and arc-shaped brackets 12 fixed on both sides of the top of the combustion chamber 2. The inner walls of the two brackets 12 are fixed to the bottom of the carbonization furnace 1, and sealing caps 3 and end caps 4 are installed at both ends of the carbonization furnace 1, respectively. A feeding assembly 5 is provided inside the carbonization furnace 1, and multiple sets of supporting sliding columns 6 are provided on both sides of the outside of the feeding assembly 5, with two supporting sliding columns 6 in each set. The supporting sliding columns 6 are fixedly fixed inside the carbonization furnace 1. A guiding assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feeding assembly 5, and a driving assembly 8 is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the feeding assembly 5. The driving assembly 8 is installed through the end cap 4. Rotary components are sleeved on both sides of the outside of the feeding assembly 5. Limiting support assembly 9 is fixed to the inner wall of carbonization furnace 1; a pressure reducing valve 10 is installed through one side of the top of carbonization furnace 1, and a smoke exhaust valve 11 is installed above one side of the end cover 4, and the smoke exhaust valve 11 is connected to the interior of carbonization furnace 1; a sealing plate 13 is installed by bolts at the opening of the material feeding assembly 5 away from the drive assembly 8, and a central heating assembly 14 is installed through the center of the inside of the material feeding assembly 5, one end of the central heating assembly 14 is connected to the injection assembly 15, and the other end of the injection assembly 15 is connected to the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber 2 through the sealing plate 13 and the bottom of the carbonization furnace 1; a striking assembly 16 is fixedly installed at the top of the inner wall of carbonization furnace 1, and the bottom end of the striking assembly 16 overlaps the outside of the material feeding assembly 5;

[0031] During operation, the combustion chamber 2 and the central heating component 14 form a dual heating mode. The drive component 8 drives the feeding component 5 to perform compound motion. In conjunction with the guiding component 7, the material is mixed and heated evenly. The striking component 16 prevents the material from sticking together. Ultimately, the biomass fuel is rapidly and evenly carbonized, solving the problem of uneven heating in the traditional carbonization furnace 1 and improving carbonization efficiency and product quality.

[0032] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the material placement assembly 5 includes a material placement chamber 501, which is cylindrical in shape and has an annular material cavity 506 inside. A plurality of exhaust holes 502 are opened on one side of the material placement chamber 501 and communicate with the annular material cavity 506. Four sets of limiting guide strips 503 are fixed outside the material placement chamber 501, and each set of limiting guide strips 503 consists of two strips and is slidably connected inside the two limiting support assemblies 9.

[0033] During operation, the feeding chamber 501 serves as the main carrier for the mixed materials, while the annular feeding cavity 506 provides a closed carbonization space for the mixed materials, ensuring that the mixed materials do not scatter during heating. At the same time, the annular structure allows the mixed materials to be distributed around the central heating component 14, facilitating full contact with the heat source. The exhaust port 502 can promptly discharge the wood gas and tar vapors generated by the pyrolysis of the mixed materials into the interior of the carbonization furnace 1, and then discharge them through the exhaust valve 11, preventing the steam from accumulating in the annular feeding cavity 506 and affecting the carbonization effect. The limiting guide strip 503 slides in conjunction with the limiting support component 9, guiding and limiting the movement of the feeding chamber 501, ensuring that the feeding chamber 501 does not deviate or shake during rotation and reciprocating translation, thus ensuring the stability of the movement. This achieves orderly carrying of the mixed materials and smooth discharge of flue gas, while ensuring the smooth movement of the feeding component 5, providing structural support for uniform heating of the mixed materials, and avoiding uneven heating caused by the deviation of the feeding chamber 501.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention, guide grooves 504 are respectively provided on both sides of the outside of the material storage chamber 501. The guide grooves 504 are wave-shaped and are formed by several interconnected V-shaped grooves surrounding a circumference. The support slide column 6 is slidably connected in the guide grooves 504. A set of protrusions 505 are fixed on the front and rear sides of the outside of the material storage chamber 501, and the number of protrusions 505 in each set is three. A central hole 507 is provided at the center of the inside of the material storage chamber 501, and the central heating component 14 is fixedly installed in the central hole 507.

[0035] During operation, when the drive assembly 8 drives the feeding chamber 501 to rotate, the support slide column 6 fixed on the carbonization furnace 1 slides relative to the wave-shaped guide groove 504. The continuous connection design of the V-shaped groove enables the support slide column 6 to continuously guide the guide groove 504, forcing the feeding chamber 501 to reciprocate along the axis of the carbonization furnace 1 while rotating, forming a compound motion of rotation and reciprocation. The protrusion 505 rotates synchronously with the feeding chamber 501 and periodically contacts the striking assembly 16, triggering the striking action. The central hole 507 provides installation and fixing space for the central heating assembly 14, ensuring that the central heating assembly 14 is accurately located in the center of the annular material cavity 506, realizing uniform heating of the mixed material and solving the problem of uneven heating of the mixed material accumulation.

[0036] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the material guiding assembly 7 includes a spiral blade 701, which is fixed in the annular material cavity 506, and three material guiding baffles 702 are fixed in the spiral blade 701.

[0037] During operation, when the material chamber 501 performs compound motion, it drives the spiral blades 701 to move synchronously. The spiral blades 701 can comb and propel the mixture in the annular material cavity 506, so that the mixture is evenly distributed and moves slowly along the annular material cavity 506. The material baffle 702 can break up the clumps and piles of mixture, avoiding uneven heating caused by the agglomeration of mixture.

[0038] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 8 includes a drive base 801, three L-shaped connecting plates 802 are fixed to the outside of the drive base 801, the three connecting plates 802 are fixed to one side of the material storage chamber 501, a sliding groove 803 is provided inside the drive base 801, the sliding groove 803 is rectangular and a rectangular rod 804 is slidably connected inside, and a motor 805 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rectangular rod 804, the motor 805 is fixedly fixed in the end cover 4;

[0039] During operation, the motor 805 starts and drives the rectangular rod 804 to rotate. The rectangular rod 804, through its sliding engagement with the slide groove 803, drives the drive seat 801 to rotate synchronously. The drive seat 801, through the connecting plate 802, drives the material storage chamber 501 to rotate. Since the material storage chamber 501 also performs axial reciprocating translational motion, the rectangular rod 804 can slide within the slide groove 803 to adapt to the translational displacement of the material storage chamber 501, ensuring stable power transmission. Through the cooperation between the rectangular rod 804 and the slide groove 803, stable power transmission is achieved, which drives the material storage chamber 501 to rotate without affecting its axial reciprocating motion.

[0040] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the limiting support assembly 9 includes a bearing outer ring 901, which is fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 1. The bearing outer ring 901 is rotatably connected to the bearing inner ring 902 through ball bearings. The inner wall of the bearing inner ring 902 is provided with four guide slides 903. The limiting guide strip 503 outside the material feeding chamber 501 is slidably connected in the guide slides 903.

[0041] During operation, the outer ring 901 of the bearing is fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 1, providing fixed support for the entire assembly. The inner ring 902 of the bearing rotates with the outer ring 901 through ball bearings, and can rotate synchronously with the feeding chamber 501. The limiting guide strip 503 slides in the guide slide 903. When the feeding chamber 501 performs axial reciprocating translation, the limiting guide strip 503 slides along the guide slide 903, which plays a guiding and limiting role for the feeding chamber 501, preventing the feeding chamber 501 from radially deviating. By reducing the friction when the feeding chamber 501 rotates, smooth rotation is ensured, mechanical disturbance is reduced, and material breakage caused by disturbance is avoided. The guide slide 903 and the limiting guide strip 503 cooperate to ensure the smooth reciprocating translation of the feeding chamber 501.

[0042] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the central heating assembly 14 includes a central combustion cylinder 141, which is fixedly inserted into the central hole 507. The central combustion cylinder 141 is provided with a flashback core tube 142, and a plurality of combustion nozzles 143 are installed on the flashback core tube 142. A support bushing 144 is sleeved and rotated at one end of the flashback core tube 142. The support bushing 144 is snapped and fixed in a partition inside the central combustion cylinder 141. A plurality of vent holes 145 are provided in the partition. A plurality of discharge holes 146 are provided at the position where the central combustion cylinder 141 extends to the outside of the material chamber 501. The discharge holes 146 communicate with the vent holes 145. An ignition mechanism 147 is installed on one side inside the central combustion cylinder 141.

[0043] During operation, fuel enters the tempering core tube 142 through the injection assembly 15, and the ignition mechanism 147 ignites the fuel. The high temperature is evenly sprayed out through the combustion nozzle 143 to heat the center of the mixture in the annular material chamber 506. The high temperature flue gas generated by the fuel combustion enters the gap between the central combustion cylinder 141 and the tempering core tube 142 through the vent hole 145 on the partition, and then exits through the discharge hole 146 to replenish the heat inside the carbonization furnace 1. The combustion nozzle 143 achieves high temperature uniform injection to ensure that the center of the mixture is heated evenly.

[0044] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fuel injection assembly 15 includes a fuel inlet pipe 151, one end of which is connected to the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber 2, and the other end of which is connected to a metering master valve 152. A hose 153 is connected to the metering master valve 152, and a rotary joint 154 is connected to one end of the top of the hose 153. The rotary joint 154 is snapped into the sealing plate 13, and the other end of the rotary joint 154 is connected to a one-way valve 155. The one-way valve 155 is connected to one end of the flashback core tube 142.

[0045] During operation, the fuel supplied by the gas supply mechanism of combustion chamber 2 is delivered to the metering main valve 152 through the fuel inlet pipe 151. The metering main valve 152 precisely controls the fuel delivery amount, thereby regulating the heating intensity of the central heating component 14. The fuel enters the tempering core tube 142 through the hose 153, rotary joint 154, and one-way valve 155. The rotary joint 154 is adapted to the rotation and translation of the feeding chamber 501. With the limiting effect of the support sleeve 144 at one end of the tempering core tube 142, the tempering core tube 142 does not rotate synchronously with the feeding chamber 501, thus avoiding the hose 153 from getting tangled or damaged. The one-way valve 155 prevents the flame in the tempering core tube 142 from flashing back to the injection pipeline, eliminating safety hazards.

[0046] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the striking assembly 16 includes a horizontal plate 161, which is U-shaped and fixed to the top of the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 1. Three striking blocks 162 slide through the horizontal plate 161. The front and rear sides of the striking blocks 162 are inclined and correspond to the position of the protrusion 505. A spring 163 is fixed between the striking blocks 162 and the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 1.

[0047] During operation, the rotation of the feeding chamber 501 drives the protrusion 505 to rotate synchronously. When the protrusion 505 contacts the inclined surface of the striking block 162, it pushes the striking block 162 to slide upward along the horizontal plate 161, compressing the spring 163. When the protrusion 505 disengages from the striking block 162, the spring 163 returns to its original position, causing the striking block 162 to move downward and strike the outside of the feeding chamber 501. The periodic striking shakes off the tar and material residues adhering to the inner wall of the annular material cavity 506 and the surface of the central heating component 14. The periodic striking is achieved by utilizing the rotation of the feeding chamber 501, which is energy-efficient and effective. The inclined design of the striking block 162 ensures that the protrusion 505 smoothly triggers the striking action, and the spring 163 ensures that the striking force is uniform. This effectively avoids the adhesion of materials and tar, prevents the impact on heating efficiency, and improves the stability of continuous operation of the device.

[0048] Working principle of this invention: The pre-treated biomass mixture is filled into the annular cavity 506 of the feeding assembly 5. The drive assembly 8 works together to drive the feeding assembly 5 and the guide assembly 7 to rotate in the forward direction. After the mixture enters the annular cavity 506, the spiral blades 701 of the guide assembly 7 will initially comb the mixture. At the same time, the three material guides 702 can prevent the mixture from accumulating and clumping in the annular cavity 506, ensuring that the mixture is evenly distributed in the annular cavity 506. The spiral blades 701 can continuously convey the mixture into the annular cavity 506. After the filling of the mixture is completed, the drive assembly 8 stops working. The sealing plate 13 is fixed to the opening on the side of the feeding assembly 5 away from the drive assembly 8 by bolts to prevent the mixture from leaking out from the opening on the side of the feeding chamber 501. Then the sealing cover 3 is closed. Combustion chamber 2 is started, and fuel is supplied to combustion chamber 2 through the bottom gas supply mechanism. The combustion of fuel generates high-temperature heat, which is transferred to the bottom of carbonization furnace 1 through combustion chamber 2. The arc-shaped bracket 12 is tightly fixed to the bottom of carbonization furnace 1, improving the stability of carbonization furnace 1 during operation. The gas supply mechanism in combustion chamber 2 shares a gas supply source with the central heating component 14, and fuel is supplied to the central heating component 14 through the injection component 15. The fuel passes through fuel inlet pipe 151, metering main valve 152, hose 153, rotary joint 154, and one-way valve 155, and finally enters the temper core tube 142 of the central combustion cylinder 141. The ignition mechanism 147 is then started to ignite the fuel. The fuel inside the burner core tube 142 is burned, and the high temperature generated by the fuel combustion is ejected through several combustion nozzles 143 on the burner core tube 142 to centrally heat the mixed material inside the annular material chamber 506 of the feeding assembly 5. At the same time, the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the burner core tube 142 enters the gap between the central combustion cylinder 141 and the partition through the vent holes 145 on the partition, and then extends through the central combustion cylinder 141 to the discharge hole 146 outside the feeding chamber 501 to further supplement the heat inside the carbonization furnace 1, realizing the dual heating mode of bottom heating and center heating of the carbonization furnace 1, and improving the uniformity of the heat field distribution inside the carbonization furnace 1. As the heating process proceeds, the internal temperature of carbonization furnace 1 gradually increases, and the gas produced by the pyrolysis reaction causes the pressure inside the furnace to rise. At this time, the pressure reducing valve 10 is automatically activated to regulate the pressure inside the furnace to a suitable micro-negative pressure state. When the temperature inside the furnace reaches the temperature required for rapid pyrolysis and carbonization, the temperature is kept stable. During the carbonization stage, the drive assembly 8 starts, and the motor 805 drives the rectangular rod 804 to rotate. The rectangular rod 804 cooperates with the drive seat 801 through the sliding groove 803, driving the drive seat 801 to rotate, which in turn drives the feeding assembly 5 to rotate synchronously. The feeding assembly 5 slides with the inner ring 902 of the bearing of the limiting support assembly 9 through the limiting guide strip 503. The inner ring 902 and the outer ring 901 of the bearing rotate through the ball bearings, realizing the smooth rotation of the feeding assembly 5 and reducing mechanical disturbance. During the rotation of the feeding assembly 5, the wave-shaped guide grooves 504 on both sides of its outer side slide relative to the support sliding column 6 that penetrates and is fixed on the carbonization furnace 1, and the guide grooves 504 are wave-shaped. The wave-shaped design is formed by several interconnected V-shaped grooves. The supporting sliding column 6 guides the guide groove 504, so that the feeding component 5 rotates while reciprocating and translating along the axis of the carbonization furnace 1. The combined motion of the rotation and reciprocating translation of the feeding chamber 501, together with the spiral blades 701 of the guiding component 7, can drive the biomass mixture in the annular material cavity 506 to continuously turn and advance, avoiding uneven heating caused by static accumulation of the mixture. At the same time, the material-pushing baffles 702 of the spiral blades 701 can further disperse the mixture, ensuring that the mixture can fully contact the high temperature generated by the central heating component 14 and the heat transferred from the bottom of the carbonization furnace 1, so as to achieve uniform heating of the mixture. During the carbonization process, the mixed materials undergo a rapid pyrolysis reaction inside the carbonization furnace 1, gradually dehydrating and carbonizing. The flue gas enters the internal space of the carbonization furnace 1 through the exhaust port 502 on one side of the material feeding chamber 501. When the pressure inside the carbonization furnace 1 reaches a certain value, the exhaust valve 11 is opened to discharge the flue gas to the subsequent purification system. During the rotation of the feeding assembly 5, the protrusions 505 on its front and rear sides periodically contact the striking block 162 of the striking assembly 16. The protrusions 505 push the striking block 162 to slide upward, compressing the spring 163. When the protrusions 505 rotate and disengage from the striking block 162, the spring 163 resets, causing the striking block 162 to move downward and strike the outside of the feeding assembly 5. Through periodic striking, the residues attached to the inner wall of the annular material cavity 506 can be effectively shaken off, preventing the material from sticking to the surface of the annular material cavity 506 and affecting the heating efficiency. During the carbonization process, the metering valve 152 controls the fuel delivery of the feeding assembly 15, thereby regulating the heating intensity of the central heating assembly 14 to ensure stable carbonization temperature. The one-way valve 155 can prevent the flame in the backfire core tube 142 from backfired into the feeding pipeline, improving the safety of use. After the carbonization reaction reaches the preset time and the biomass mixture is completely carbonized to form biochar, the fuel supply to the combustion chamber 2 and the central heating component 14 is turned off, the ignition mechanism 147 and the drive component 8 are stopped, the pressure reducing valve 10 is opened, and the remaining gas in the carbonization furnace 1 is slowly discharged. After the pressure in the furnace drops to atmospheric pressure and the temperature slowly cools to a suitable temperature, the pressure reducing valve 10 and the flue valve 11 are closed, the sealing cover 3 and the sealing plate 13 on one side of the material placement component 5 are removed, and the drive component 8 is restarted, so that the material placement component 5 rotates in the opposite direction and moves back and forth. With the help of the spiral blades 701 of the material guiding component 7, the biochar in the annular material chamber 506 is slowly pushed to the opening of the material placement component 5 to complete the discharge.

Claims

1. A biomass fuel fast pyrolysis carbonization device, comprising a carbonization furnace (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the carbonization furnace (1) is equipped with a combustion chamber (2). Arc-shaped brackets (12) are fixed on both sides of the top of the combustion chamber (2). The inner walls of the two brackets (12) are fixed to the bottom of the carbonization furnace (1). Sealing caps (3) and end caps (4) are installed at both ends of the carbonization furnace (1). The carbonization furnace (1) is equipped with a feeding assembly (5). Multiple sets of support slides (6) are provided on both sides of the outside of the feeding assembly (5). Each set of support slides (6) consists of two slides. The support slides (6) are fixedly inserted into the carbonization furnace (1). A guiding assembly (7) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feeding assembly (5). A driving assembly (8) is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the feeding assembly (5). The driving assembly (8) is installed through the end cap (4). Rotational limit support assemblies (9) are sleeved on both sides of the outside of the feeding assembly (5). The limiting support assembly (9) is fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace (1). A pressure reducing valve (10) is installed through one side of the top of the carbonization furnace (1), and a smoke exhaust valve (11) is installed above one side of the end cover (4). The smoke exhaust valve (11) is connected to the interior of the carbonization furnace (1). A sealing plate (13) is installed at the opening of the material feeding assembly (5) away from the drive assembly (8) by bolts. A central heating assembly (14) is installed through the center of the material feeding assembly (5). One end of the central heating assembly (14) is connected to the injection assembly (15). The other end of the injection assembly (15) is connected through the sealing plate (13) and the bottom of the carbonization furnace (1) to the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber (2). A knocking assembly (16) is fixedly installed on the top of the inner wall of the carbonization furnace (1). The bottom end of the knocking assembly (16) overlaps the outside of the material feeding assembly (5).

2. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material placement assembly (5) includes a material placement chamber (501), which is cylindrical and has an annular material cavity (506) inside. Several exhaust holes (502) are opened on one side of the material placement chamber (501) and are connected to the annular material cavity (506). Four sets of limiting guide strips (503) are fixed outside the material placement chamber (501). Each set of limiting guide strips (503) consists of two strips and is slidably connected inside two limiting support assemblies (9).

3. The biomass fuel rapid pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material storage chamber (501) has guide grooves (504) on both sides of its exterior. The guide grooves (504) are wave-shaped and are formed by several interconnected V-shaped grooves. The support slide column (6) is slidably connected in the guide grooves (504). A set of protrusions (505) is fixed on the front and rear sides of the material storage chamber (501). There are three protrusions (505) in each set. A central hole (507) is opened in the center of the material storage chamber (501). The central heating component (14) is fixedly installed in the central hole (507).

4. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material guiding assembly (7) includes a spiral blade (701), which is fixed in the annular material cavity (506), and three material guide bars (702) are fixed in the spiral blade (701).

5. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drive assembly (8) includes a drive base (801), and three L-shaped connecting plates (802) are fixed to the outside of the drive base (801). The three connecting plates (802) are fixed to one side of the material storage chamber (501). The drive base (801) has a sliding groove (803) inside, and the sliding groove (803) is rectangular and has a rectangular rod (804) slidably connected inside. The other end of the rectangular rod (804) is fixedly connected to a motor (805), and the motor (805) is fixedly fixed in the end cover (4).

6. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting support assembly (9) includes a bearing outer ring (901), which is fixed to the inner wall of the carbonization furnace (1). The bearing outer ring (901) is rotatably connected to the bearing inner ring (902) through ball bearings. The inner wall of the bearing inner ring (902) is provided with four guide slides (903). The limiting guide strip (503) outside the material feeding chamber (501) is slidably connected in the guide slides (903).

7. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central heating assembly (14) includes a central combustion cylinder (141), which is fixed inside a central hole (507). A flashback core tube (142) is provided inside the central combustion cylinder (141). Several combustion nozzles (143) are installed on the flashback core tube (142). A support bushing (144) is sleeved and rotated at one end of the flashback core tube (142). The support bushing (144) is snapped and fixed in a partition inside the central combustion cylinder (141). Several vent holes (145) are provided in the partition. Several discharge holes (146) are provided at the position where the central combustion cylinder (141) extends to the outside of the material chamber (501). The discharge holes (146) are connected to the vent holes (145). An ignition mechanism (147) is installed on one side inside the central combustion cylinder (141).

8. The biomass fuel rapid pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fuel injection assembly (15) includes a fuel inlet pipe (151), one end of which is connected to the gas supply mechanism inside the combustion chamber (2), and the other end of which is connected to a metering master valve (152). A hose (153) is connected to the metering master valve (152), and a rotary joint (154) is connected to one end of the top of the hose (153). The rotary joint (154) is snapped into the sealing plate (13), and the other end of the rotary joint (154) is connected to a one-way valve (155). The one-way valve (155) is connected to one end of the flashback core tube (142).

9. The biomass fuel flash pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The striking assembly (16) includes a horizontal plate (161), which is U-shaped and fixed to the top of the inner wall of the carbonization furnace (1). Three striking blocks (162) slide through the horizontal plate (161). The front and rear sides of the striking blocks (162) are inclined and correspond to the positions of the protrusions (505). A spring (163) is fixed between the striking blocks (162) and the inner wall of the carbonization furnace (1).

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