Apparatus and method for dewatering and drying and detoxifying and deodorizing biomass of water-blooms of cyanobacteria

Abstract

This invention provides a device and method for dehydrating, drying, detoxifying, and deodorizing cyanobacteria biomass after harvesting, comprising: a rotary photodegradation reactor, wherein the rotary photodegradation reactor adopts a double-layer structure, the upper layer being a photocatalytic degradation layer and the lower layer being a biomass drying and dehydration layer, wherein an adaptive photodegradation system is correspondingly arranged on the photocatalytic degradation layer, and a green electric driven air drying system is arranged in the biomass drying and dehydration layer; the adaptive photodegradation system performs photocatalytic toxin degradation by switching between ultraviolet light from natural light and ultraviolet lamp light, and the green electric driven air drying system performs drying treatment; a microbial co-treatment unit is also arranged on the photocatalytic degradation layer, through which microorganisms are used to detoxify, deodorize, and clean the water quality in the photocatalytic degradation layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental science and technology, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for dehydrating, drying, detoxifying, and deodorizing cyanobacteria biomass after harvesting. Background Technology

[0002] Cyanobacteria blooms, as a high-protein biomass resource, have enormous market potential in feed additives and bio-fertilizers. The nutritional value of cyanobacteria blooms is reflected in several aspects: for example, Microcystis contains protein and 18 kinds of amino acids. Nutritional analysis of cyanobacteria bloom nutrient solutions shows that they contain protein (amino acids), carbohydrates, fats, and minerals, and are rich in various trace elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, K, and Mn, as well as β-carotene and various vitamins.

[0003] Traditional cyanobacteria treatment technologies mainly include three categories: physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment, but all of them have obvious technical bottlenecks and environmental risks.

[0004] Technical bottlenecks of existing detoxification and deodorization technologies: In terms of cyanobacterial toxin removal technology, existing technical approaches mainly include physical adsorption, chemical oxidation, and advanced oxidation processes. For example, CN108569745A – a cyanobacterial toxin treatment device and cyanobacterial treatment device – uses activated carbon to detoxify cyanobacteria. Activated carbon adsorption has a good removal effect on odor substances, but the cost is high. Another example is CN104495960A – a sodium-based bentonite cyanobacterial treatment agent and its preparation method – which uses potassium ferrate to detoxify and deodorize water. Chlorine oxidation and potassium permanganate have good effects on algal inactivation, but they release intracellular odor substances. Yet another example is CN110523378A – the use of biomass activated carbon prepared from cyanobacterial mud in an algae-water separation station for the adsorption of algal toxins in tailwater – which uses ozone combined with activated carbon to adsorb algal toxins. Ozone and advanced oxidation processes are effective against various odor substances, but they are prone to producing byproducts.

[0005] In terms of odor removal technology, current methods mainly employ activated carbon adsorption, chemical oxidation, and advanced oxidation processes, such as CN100584752C - Water purification activated carbon made from plant waste and its manufacturing method, which removes odors through water purification activated carbon. The odor threshold of 2-MIB is 10 ng / L, and that of GSM is only 4 ng / L; these substances can cause serious pollution to water bodies even at extremely low concentrations. While traditional odor removal technologies can solve the problem to some extent, they generally suffer from high energy consumption, low efficiency, and a tendency to generate secondary pollution.

[0006] The main technical bottlenecks of existing technologies include: first, the lack of efficient removal technologies for toxic and odorous substances produced by cyanobacteria; second, the existing devices are mostly single-function and lack integrated processing systems; third, they have high energy consumption and low processing efficiency, making it difficult to achieve large-scale application; and fourth, the lack of intelligent adaptive control technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a device and method for dehydration, drying, detoxification and deodorization after harvesting cyanobacteria biomass from algal blooms, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a device and method for dehydration, drying, detoxification, and deodorization after harvesting cyanobacteria bloom biomass, comprising: A rotary photodegradation reactor, wherein the rotary photodegradation reactor adopts a double-layer structure, the upper layer of which is a photocatalytic degradation layer and the lower layer is a biomass drying and dehydration layer. An adaptive photodegradation system is correspondingly installed on the photocatalytic degradation layer, and a green electric drive air drying system is installed in the biomass drying and dehydration layer. The adaptive photodegradation system performs photocatalytic toxin degradation by switching between ultraviolet light from natural light and ultraviolet lamp light, and the green electric drive air drying system performs drying treatment. The photocatalytic degradation layer is also equipped with a microbial co-processing unit, which uses microorganisms to detoxify, deodorize and clean the water in the photocatalytic degradation layer.

[0009] Optionally, the photocatalytic degradation layer includes a shell and a rotating shaft, wherein the shell is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the rotating shaft is provided with a turntable, the turntable is horizontally arranged in the center inside the shell, and the turntable moves up and down in the water surface inside the shell. The adaptive photodegradation system is correspondingly arranged on the turntable, wherein excitation light sources for exciting ultraviolet light are arranged above and below the turntable, and an array of nanotubes for absorbing ultraviolet light in sunlight is arranged on the turntable. The excitation light sources are used to supplement ultraviolet light when sunlight is insufficient.

[0010] Optionally, the green electricity-driven air-drying system includes a photovoltaic-driven axial flow fan and a heat pump system, wherein the photovoltaic-driven axial flow fan and heat pump system are used to perform air-drying and heat-drying operations.

[0011] Optionally, the microbial co-processing unit is provided with a composite microbial community, wherein the composite microbial community includes several functional microorganisms, wherein the microbial co-processing unit is connected to the photocatalytic degradation layer through a metabolite exchange network, or the microbial co-processing unit is directly disposed in the photocatalytic degradation layer; wherein the microbial system processing unit is modularly designed, and microorganisms are quantitatively added to the photocatalytic degradation layer.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a photovoltaic drive system and a wind power generation device, wherein the photovoltaic drive system and the wind power generation device store and power the adaptive photodegradation system and the green electricity driven air drying system through photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes an intelligent control system, wherein the intelligent control system is used to monitor key parameters and environmental data in the rotary photodegradation reactor, and to regulate the operating status of the rotary photodegradation reactor, the adaptive photodegradation system and the green electric drive drying system.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for dehydration, drying, detoxification, and deodorization after harvesting cyanobacteria biomass from algal blooms, including: The collected cyanobacteria blooms are fed into a rotary photodegradation reactor. In the photocatalytic degradation layer, the cyanobacteria bloom is photocatalytically degraded by an adaptive photocatalytic degradation system, and the water in the photocatalytic degradation layer soaking the cyanobacteria bloom is detoxified, deodorized and cleaned by a microbial co-processing unit. In the biomass drying and dehydration layer, the photocatalytically degraded cyanobacteria blooms are dehydrated through a green electricity-driven air drying system, and the water is then removed. Resource utilization of dehydrated cyanobacteria blooms.

[0015] Optionally, the process of resource utilization of dehydrated cyanobacteria in algal blooms includes: The dehydrated cyanobacteria blooms can be used directly as feed additives, further processed into bio-organic fertilizers, or converted into biofuels through pyrolysis.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention is the first to combine daytime natural light photolysis with nighttime photovoltaic-driven ultraviolet light photodegradation, achieving 24-hour uninterrupted pollutant degradation. This technology fully utilizes solar spectral resources. During the day, ultraviolet light (accounting for 4% of sunlight) is used for photocatalytic degradation, while solar cells absorb visible and near-infrared light for power generation, supplemented by wind power generation. At night, stored electrical energy drives UV-LEDs to generate ultraviolet light for photodegradation. The application of photocatalytic memory effect further improves energy efficiency; the material stores photogenerated carriers under illumination and releases them in the dark to generate active free radicals, achieving continuous degradation under dark conditions.

[0017] This invention features a unique double-layer rotating disk structure: an upper layer for photocatalytic degradation and a lower layer for biomass drying and dehydration. The disk employs a porous design with pores of 2-5 mm in diameter and a porosity of 40-60%, ensuring both good light transmittance and sufficient specific surface area. The rotation of the disk causes the cyanobacterial bloom to move back and forth across the liquid surface, forming a thin liquid film, significantly reducing incident light loss and improving light utilization efficiency.

[0018] This invention utilizes a photovoltaic-powered heat pump and fan system to achieve low-energy dehydration of cyanobacterial biomass. The heat pump system achieves a COP of 3.5-4.5, saving over 70% energy compared to traditional electric heating methods. Through gradient temperature control technology, drying is carried out at a low temperature of 40-60℃, avoiding nutrient loss and odor release caused by high temperatures. Throughout the drying process, the material moisture content decreases from 95% to 40-50%, with energy consumption of only 0.3-0.5 kWh / kg cyanobacteria.

[0019] This invention employs a composite microbial community. These microorganisms achieve synergistic effects through a metabolite exchange network: thiobacilli oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfate, nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate, and actinomycetes secrete alkyl sulfatases to cleave thiol bonds, effectively removing odor-causing substances from the water. Using this technology, odor intensity is reduced by 80% within 24 hours, with no secondary pollution.

[0020] This invention features an intelligent control system integrating an industrial IoT module and a PLC programmable logic controller. This system can monitor 12 key parameters, including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of each processing unit. Employing advanced control technologies such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and optimization algorithms, the system can automatically adjust operating parameters according to changes in water quality, achieving truly intelligent operation.

[0021] This invention transforms treated cyanobacteria biomass into various high-value products, including feed additives, bio-organic fertilizers, biofuels, and high-value chemicals. The detoxified cyanobacteria powder has a protein content as high as 68%-72%, making it a high-quality feed additive; the resulting bio-organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2002 standard; through pyrolysis, it can be converted into energy products such as biochar and biogas; and bioactive substances such as phycocyanin can be used in medicine, health products, and other fields, truly turning waste into treasure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the turntable in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a configuration diagram of the photovoltaic drive system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram of a microbial synergistic processing unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the intelligent control system in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] This invention belongs to the cutting-edge technical field of interdisciplinary integration of environmental science and engineering, materials science, and bioengineering, focusing on overcoming key technical challenges in the emergency treatment of cyanobacterial blooms. This invention proposes an integrated technology and device for dehydration, drying, detoxification, and deodorization after cyanobacterial biomass harvesting, aiming to solve key problems such as high energy consumption, low treatment efficiency, and severe secondary pollution in traditional treatment technologies, and to construct a green treatment system throughout the entire process. The device adopts an innovative two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation and biomass drying and dehydration rotary structure to achieve efficient synergy between the degradation and resource conversion of toxic and harmful substances from algae. In the photodegradation technology module, an intelligent light environment sensing system is integrated. Based on the difference between day and night light environments, an adaptive switching mechanism is constructed between natural light photodegradation (daytime) and photovoltaic-driven ultraviolet light photodegradation (nighttime), ensuring continuous 24-hour degradation of toxic and harmful substances from algae. The rotary reactor employs a dual-layer functional partition design: the upper photocatalytic degradation layer is loaded with a specially doped and modified TiO2 nanotube array, which accelerates the photocatalytic decomposition of cyanobacterial toxins by improving photocatalytic quantum efficiency; the lower biomass drying and dehydration layer adopts a honeycomb porous structure, which optimizes dehydration efficiency by increasing the gas-solid mass transfer area. The dehydration system is based on a three-in-one technology of photovoltaic energy storage, heat pump circulation, and intelligent temperature control. It utilizes photovoltaic power generation to drive the heat pump and fan, combined with multi-stage temperature gradient control and variable frequency speed regulation technology to achieve a low-energy dehydration process. This system reduces energy consumption by more than 60% compared to traditional processes. The microbial synergistic odor removal process is based on a self-selected composite microbial community system (including functional strains of Bacillus and Lactobacillus), which, through the synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms such as bio-enzymatic hydrolysis and metabolic inhibition, can reduce odor intensity by 80% within 24 hours.

[0025] The rotary reactor employs an innovative dual-layer composite structure design: the upper photocatalytic degradation layer is equipped with an adjustable-angle UV-LED matrix light source array, combined with a nano-titanium dioxide supported mesh plate, forming a highly efficient photocatalytic reaction interface to achieve directional photodegradation of cyanobacterial toxins; the lower biomass drying and dehydration layer integrates a spiral extrusion dehydration mechanism and a circulating hot air guide channel, driven by a variable frequency motor to achieve continuous dehydration. A heat-insulating baffle is installed between the two layers, which not only prevents heat interference with the photocatalytic reaction but also introduces the humid and hot gases generated during dehydration into the microbial co-processing unit for deodorization. This integrated design embodies the core technological concept of the invention: "dehydration-detoxification-deodorization" integration.

[0026] This invention provides an integrated device for dehydration, drying, detoxification, and deodorization of cyanobacterial biomass after harvesting, comprising a rotary photodegradation reactor, an adaptive photodegradation system, a photovoltaic-driven system, a green electricity-driven air-drying system, and a microbial co-processing unit. The rotary photodegradation reactor adopts a double-layer structure design: the upper layer is a photocatalytic degradation layer, on which the adaptive photodegradation system is installed; the lower layer is a biomass drying and dehydration layer, on which the green electricity-driven air-drying system is installed. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic-driven system provides photovoltaic power to both the adaptive photodegradation system and the green electricity-driven air-drying system. The microbial co-processing unit is connected to the photocatalytic degradation layer to provide microbial co-processing. The adaptive photodegradation system includes a daytime natural light photolysis system and a nighttime photovoltaic-driven ultraviolet light photodegradation system. The device can achieve 24-hour uninterrupted cyanobacterial biomass treatment and resource utilization.

[0027] Specifically, the photocatalytic degradation layer of the rotary photodegradation reactor includes a shell, a rotary disk, a rotating shaft, an excitation light source, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe; the rotary disk is horizontally arranged in the center inside the shell, and excitation light sources are respectively provided above and below the rotary disk; the rotation speed of the rotary disk is 70-110 r / min, preferably 90 r / min.

[0028] Specifically, the photocatalytic degradation layer supported on TiO2 nanotube arrays is prepared by anodic oxidation, with a tube diameter of 50-100 nm and a length of 2-5 μm; the ultraviolet light absorption rate is 90-92%.

[0029] Specifically, the switching mechanism of the adaptive photodegradation system is as follows: during the day, ultraviolet light from sunlight is used for photocatalytic degradation, while the solar cell absorbs visible and near-infrared light for power generation; at night, it switches to photovoltaic drive mode, using the electrical energy stored during the day to drive UV-LEDs to generate ultraviolet light for photodegradation.

[0030] Specifically, the UV-LED photodegradation system uses a 222nm wavelength ultraviolet LED array with a power density of 200-500W / m². 2The solar cells and UV-LED arrays are well matched, and more than 90% of the maximum output power of the solar cells can be utilized by the UV-LED arrays.

[0031] Specifically, the green electricity-driven drying system uses a photovoltaic-driven axial flow fan and a heat pump system, and the drying temperature is controlled at 40-60℃, reducing the water content of cyanobacteria biomass from 95% to 40-50%.

[0032] Specifically, this also includes wind power generation devices providing wind power to the aforementioned systems.

[0033] Specifically, the microbial co-processing unit employs a composite microbial community, including functional microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria, thiobacilli, and Pseudomonas. Synergistic effects are achieved through a metabolite exchange network; *Lactobacillus plantarum* secretes lactic acid / acetic acid to maintain a pH of 4.5-5.5, while *Rhodopseudomonas palustris* utilizes light energy to oxidize H2S and generate electron donors. The modular design of the microbial co-processing unit allows for the quantitative addition of microorganisms to the photocatalytic degradation layer for microbial action.

[0034] Specifically, the scale of the equipment is divided into three types: small mobile equipment with a processing capacity of 5-20 tons / day, medium semi-fixed equipment with a processing capacity of 50-200 tons / day, and large rotary table equipment with a processing capacity of 500-2000 tons / day.

[0035] Specifically, the main technical parameters of the device are: microcystin removal rate ≥95%, geosmin removal rate ≥90%, 2-methylisoborneol removal rate ≥85%, and energy consumption ≤0.5kWh / kg cyanobacteria (small), ≤0.4kWh / kg cyanobacteria (medium), and ≤0.3kWh / kg cyanobacteria (large).

[0036] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for treating cyanobacterial biomass in algal blooms, comprising the following steps: (1) The dredged cyanobacterial bloom is sent into the rotary photodegradation reactor through the inlet; (2) Through the rotation of the turntable, the cyanobacterial bloom undergoes photocatalytic degradation of toxins and odors in the photocatalytic degradation layer; (3) Simultaneously, water evaporation is carried out in the biomass drying and dehydration layer to achieve solid-liquid separation; (4) The treated water is discharged from the outlet, and the dehydrated cyanobacterial biomass enters the resource utilization treatment unit; (5) Automatic switching between natural light photodegradation during the day and photovoltaic-driven ultraviolet light photodegradation at night is achieved through an adaptive photodegradation system; (6) Remove odorous substances and organic pollutants from water bodies through a microbial co-treatment unit; (7) Convert the dehydrated cyanobacteria biomass into products such as feed additives, bio-organic fertilizers or biofuels.

[0037] Specifically, in step (2), the rotation speed of the turntable is controlled at 70-110 r / min, and the turntable moves back and forth between the liquid surface. When the turntable rotates from the solution into the air, a portion of the solution is attached to the turntable in the form of a liquid film and carried into the air, where it undergoes photocatalytic degradation under ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0038] Specifically, in step (5), ultraviolet light from sunlight is used for photocatalytic degradation during the day, while the solar cell absorbs visible and near-infrared light to generate electricity and store it; at night, the stored electrical energy is used to drive the UV-LED to generate ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 222nm for photodegradation.

[0039] Specifically, in step (6), the complex microbial community achieves synergistic effects through the metabolite exchange network. Thiobacillus oxidizes hydrogen sulfide into sulfate, nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate, denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate into nitrogen gas, and actinomycetes secrete alkyl sulfatase to cleave thiol bonds.

[0040] Specifically, in step (7), the dehydrated cyanobacterial biomass has a water content of 40-50%, which can be used directly as a feed additive, or further processed into bio-organic fertilizer, or converted into biofuel through pyrolysis technology.

[0041] Specifically, it also includes intelligent control steps, which use a PLC programmable logic controller to monitor 12 key parameters such as temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen in real time, and automatically adjust the operating status of each processing unit.

[0042] The core technical solutions of the above-mentioned technical solutions are described in detail below: The core technical solution of this invention can effectively remove toxic and odor-producing substances from cyanobacteria blooms and realize the resource utilization of cyanobacterial biomass.

[0043] 1. Two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation technology is one of the core solutions of this invention. This technology achieves 24-hour uninterrupted pollutant degradation through an adaptive switching mechanism that utilizes natural light for photodegradation during the day and photovoltaic-driven ultraviolet light for photodegradation at night. During the day, the system uses ultraviolet light (accounting for 4% of sunlight) for photocatalytic degradation, while the solar cells absorb visible and near-infrared light for power generation; at night, the system switches to photovoltaic-driven mode, using the electrical energy stored during the day to drive UV-LEDs to generate ultraviolet light for photodegradation. This design fully utilizes solar spectral resources, achieving highly efficient energy utilization.

[0044] The rotary disc structure design is another important innovation of this invention. The rotary disc reactor includes a shell, a rotary disc, a rotating shaft, an excitation light source, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe. The rotary disc is horizontally positioned in the center of the shell, and excitation light sources are located above and below the rotary disc. The rotary disc adopts a special two-dimensional structural design, including an upper photocatalytic degradation layer and a lower biomass drying and dehydration layer. The rotation of the rotary disc achieves synergistic treatment of photodegradation and drying and dehydration. The rotary disc rotation speed is preferably 70-110 r / min, more preferably 80-100 r / min, and most preferably 90 r / min.

[0045] The third key technology of this invention is the microbial synergistic process. This process employs a composite microbial community, including functional microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria, thiobacilli, and Pseudomonas. These species form a symbiotic system that can synergistically decompose malodorous substances. Specifically, thiobacilli convert hydrogen sulfide into sulfate through oxidation, eliminating the odor of rotten eggs at its source; nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite, which is then converted into nitrogen through denitrification, achieving harmless treatment.

[0046] 2. Two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation technology The principle of two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation technology is to utilize the highly oxidizing free radicals generated by photocatalysts under light conditions to achieve efficient degradation of cyanobacterial toxins and odor substances. The basic process of photocatalytic reaction includes three steps: photoexcitation, charge separation, and free radical attack. In the photoexcitation stage, ultraviolet-visible light excites the catalyst, generating electron-hole pairs; in the charge separation stage, heterojunction design (such as TiO2 / MoS2Z structure) improves the charge separation efficiency by 3 times and reduces recombination loss; in the free radical attack stage, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2) are generated. - Strong oxidizing free radicals, such as α, react with organic pollutants and achieve degradation.

[0047] The two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation system of this invention employs a unique dual-mode operation mechanism. In daytime mode, the system utilizes ultraviolet light from sunlight for photocatalytic degradation, while the solar panels absorb visible and near-infrared light and convert it into electrical energy, which is then stored in a battery via a controller. In nighttime mode, the system automatically switches to photovoltaic-driven mode, using the electrical energy stored during the day to drive a UV-LED array to generate ultraviolet light for photodegradation. This design not only achieves 24-hour uninterrupted processing but also significantly reduces energy consumption.

[0048] Regarding the selection of photocatalysts, this invention employs a combination of various highly efficient photocatalytic materials. These mainly include TiO2-based composite materials, ZnO-based composite materials, and novel two-dimensional photocatalytic materials. Studies have shown that a 25% TiO2 / MIL-100(Fe) content exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance under simulated solar radiation, achieving highly efficient inactivation of high-density Microcystis aeruginosa suspensions (79.1% cell removal rate, 82.4% chlorophyll a degradation rate), and degrading 50.5% of microcystin toxins within 180 minutes.

[0049] The application of photocatalytic memory effect is one of the key aspects of this invention. Studies have shown that α-MoO3 nanotubes, after being pre-illuminated for 20 minutes, still maintain significant degradation and sterilization activity in the dark, providing a new material and mechanism paradigm for continuous water purification "from light to darkness and back to light." This technology overcomes the dependence of traditional photocatalysis on continuous illumination, enabling the storage of photogenerated carriers under illumination and their subsequent release in the dark to generate active free radicals, greatly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0050] 3. Rotary disc reactor design: The rotating disc reactor is the core device of this invention, and its unique structural design enables synergistic treatment of photodegradation and dehydration. The reactor adopts a double-layer rotating disc structure, with the upper layer being the photocatalytic degradation layer and the lower layer being the biomass dehydration layer. The rotating discs employ a special porous structure design with pore sizes of 2-5 mm and porosity of 40-60%, ensuring both good light transmittance and providing sufficient specific surface area for photocatalytic reactions.

[0051] The rotating disc reactor operates on the principle of liquid film photocatalysis. As the disc rotates, titanium plates on it reciprocate up and down above the liquid surface. When the titanium plates rotate from the solution into the air, a portion of the solution adheres to the plates as a liquid film and is carried into the air, where it undergoes photocatalytic degradation under ultraviolet light irradiation. The advantages of this design are: firstly, the liquid film thickness is only tens of micrometers, significantly reducing incident light loss and improving light utilization efficiency; secondly, the liquid film directly contacts oxygen in the air, which is beneficial for the photocatalytic reaction; and thirdly, the rotational motion enhances mass transfer, improving reaction efficiency.

[0052] Regarding the selection of materials for the turntable, this invention uses high-strength engineering plastics or stainless steel. The surface of the turntable undergoes special treatment to increase the adhesion of the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic degradation layer is supported on a TiO2 nanotube array, prepared by anodic oxidation, with a tube diameter of 50-100 nm and a length of 2-5 μm. This nanostructure has a larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity, which can significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency.

[0053] Rotary disk rotation speed is a key parameter affecting processing efficiency. Studies show that the optimal processing effect is achieved when the rotation speed is within the range of 70-110 r / min. At a speed of 90 r / min, not only is the stability of the liquid film ensured, but the best mass transfer effect is also obtained. Too low a speed will result in an excessively thick liquid film, affecting light transmission; too high a speed will cause the liquid film to rupture, reducing processing efficiency.

[0054] The reactor is also equipped with a special aeration system that introduces air into the water through microporous aerators at the bottom of the reactor. Aeration not only increases dissolved oxygen in the water but also promotes water mixing and improves mass transfer efficiency. Studies have shown that aeration accelerates the separation of electrons and holes in the titanium dioxide array, further enhancing degradation efficiency.

[0055] 4. Green Electricity-Driven Air Drying Technology Green electricity-driven air drying technology is another important aspect of this invention. This technology utilizes photovoltaic power generation to drive an axial flow fan and a heat pump system, achieving low-energy dehydration and drying of cyanobacterial biomass. The basic energy conversion path of the system is: solar radiation energy - electrical energy - thermal energy - drying energy.

[0056] A photovoltaic (PV) drive system mainly includes components such as solar panels, a controller, batteries, and an inverter. The solar panels use high-efficiency monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon materials, achieving a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18-22%. The controller employs MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technology to ensure the solar cells always operate at their optimal state. The batteries use lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries, with storage capacity determined based on the scale of the installation. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) generated by the PV modules into alternating current (AC) suitable for drying equipment.

[0057] The heat pump system is the core of green electricity-driven air drying technology. This invention employs a multi-heat-source variable frequency heat pump system, which includes a water-side evaporator, an air-side evaporator, and an outlet moisture evaporator. This system extracts heat from the air, water tank, and moisture discharged from the drying chamber. The control strategy used in the heat source configuration is scientific and flexible, ensuring a high system energy efficiency ratio and effectively utilizing the beneficial heat in the moisture while reducing system exhaust heat loss.

[0058] In terms of drying process design, this invention employs gradient temperature control technology. The drying process is divided into three stages: the first stage is a rapid drying period, with the temperature controlled at 50-60℃, mainly removing surface moisture; the second stage is a constant-rate drying period, with the temperature controlled at 40-50℃, mainly removing internal moisture; the third stage is a falling-rate drying period, with the temperature controlled at 30-40℃, primarily to avoid nutrient loss and odor release caused by high temperatures. Throughout the drying process, the material's moisture content decreases from 95% to 40-50%.

[0059] The COP (Coefficient of Performance) of heat pump systems can reach 3.5-4.5, saving more than 70% energy compared to traditional electric heating methods. Research shows that a 4.1kW heat pump, directly driven by a 6.6kWp photovoltaic generator, requires no grid or battery support and can achieve highly efficient dehumidification and drying. This design not only significantly reduces energy consumption but also achieves true green environmental protection.

[0060] 5. Microbial synergistic deodorization process The synergistic deodorization process using microorganisms is the key technology in this invention for solving the problem of cyanobacterial odor. This process employs a complex microbial community, including nitrifying bacteria, thiobacilli, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus plantarum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and actinomycetes, among other functional microorganisms. These species form a symbiotic system that can synergistically decompose malodorous substances.

[0061] The mechanisms of synergistic deodorization by microorganisms mainly include the following aspects: First, thiobacilli convert hydrogen sulfide into sulfate through oxidation, eliminating the rotten egg odor at its source. Studies have shown that thiobacilli can use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor to oxidize it into sulfate, simultaneously gaining energy for their own growth. This metabolic process not only eliminates malodorous substances but also reduces sulfide pollution in the environment.

[0062] Secondly, nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite, which is then converted into nitrogen through denitrification, thus achieving harmless treatment. Nitrifying bacteria include two main categories: nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and nitrate-oxidizing bacteria. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria oxidize ammonia nitrogen into nitrite, while nitrate-oxidizing bacteria further oxidize nitrite into nitrate. Denitrifying bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, reduce nitrate to nitrogen, fundamentally eliminating the ammonia odor.

[0063] Third, the complex microbial community achieves synergistic effects through a metabolite exchange network. Lactobacillus plantarum secretes lactic acid / acetic acid to maintain a pH of 4.5-5.5, creating an acidic environment conducive to the growth of beneficial microorganisms; Rhodopseudomonas palustris utilizes light energy to oxidize H2S and produce electron donors, providing energy for other microorganisms; Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesizes B vitamins, promoting enzyme production by actinomycetes; and actinomycetes secrete alkylsulfatases to cleave thiol bonds, effectively removing volatile sulfur compounds.

[0064] Regarding the method of microbial addition, this invention employs a combination of technologies. First, liquid microbial agents are directly added, using a metering pump to evenly distribute the agents into the water. Second, biofilm carrier technology is used to immobilize microorganisms on a carrier material, forming a biofilm and improving the concentration and stability of the microorganisms.

[0065] 6. Resource utilization The resource utilization outlet design of this invention fully considers the multiple values ​​of cyanobacterial biomass, forming a diversified product system. The treated cyanobacterial biomass can be utilized through the following main pathways: Feed additives are the most important resource-based export. Detoxified cyanobacteria powder can be used as a high-quality additive in the feed of aquatic animals and livestock. Adding 3-9 parts of cyanobacteria bloom extract to the feed formulation can effectively kill Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Phycobiliproteins have good cellular antioxidant and immune-enhancing functions, which can improve the growth rate and disease resistance of animals.

[0066] Bio-organic fertilizer is another important resource-based export. Processed cyanobacterial biomass is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and can be made into highly efficient bio-organic fertilizer.

[0067] Biofuels represent a significant potential for resource-based exports. Research indicates that cyanobacteria have a high oil content and can be used to produce biodiesel. Through pyrolysis or gasification technologies, cyanobacteria can be converted into energy products such as biochar and biogas.

[0068] The extraction of high-value chemicals represents the most economically valuable form of resource export. Phycocyanin, a natural pigment protein, possesses antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, polysaccharides, vitamins, trace elements, and other bioactive substances can be extracted from cyanobacteria for use in pharmaceuticals, health products, and other fields.

[0069] 7. Intelligent control system This invention is equipped with an advanced intelligent control system that integrates an industrial Internet of Things module and a PLC programmable logic controller, which can monitor and automatically adjust the operating status of each processing unit in real time.

[0070] The core of the control system is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), which collects system operating parameters in real time through various sensors, including 12 key parameters such as temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and redox potential. The system is also equipped with online monitoring equipment to monitor parameters such as algal cell density, toxin concentration, and odorant content in real time.

[0071] In terms of control strategies, the system employs several advanced control algorithms. First, there is adaptive control based on fuzzy logic, which automatically adjusts operating parameters according to water quality monitoring data. Second, there is predictive control based on neural networks, which predicts water quality change trends based on historical data and adjusts operating strategies in advance. Third, there is energy management based on optimization algorithms, which optimizes the system's energy allocation according to environmental parameters such as light intensity and temperature.

[0072] The system also features remote monitoring capabilities, allowing administrators to view system operating status, water quality monitoring data, and equipment operating parameters in real time via a mobile app or computer client. Furthermore, the system has an automatic alarm function; when an anomaly is detected, it will immediately issue an alarm signal and automatically take corresponding protective measures.

[0073] In terms of data management, the system has established a comprehensive data acquisition, storage, and analysis system. All operational data is recorded in real time and processed and analyzed through the data analysis platform. The system can generate various reports and charts, providing a basis for operation management and technical improvement.

[0074] The following is a detailed description of an integrated device for dehydration, drying, detoxification, and deodorization of cyanobacteria biomass harvested according to the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1-2 As shown in the schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention, it mainly includes components such as a rotary photodegradation reactor, an adaptive photodegradation system, a photovoltaic drive system, a green electricity-driven air drying system, and a microbial co-processing unit. The rotary reactor adopts an innovative double-layer modular structure design. The upper photocatalytic degradation layer is equipped with a nano-titanium dioxide supported mesh plate, which can effectively adsorb cyanobacterial toxins and utilize photocatalytic degradation. The lower biomass drying and dehydration layer integrates a porous permeable plate and a guide channel, achieving efficient evaporation of water through heat conduction and forced convection. The bottom of the device is symmetrically equipped with a conical water inlet and a filter-type water outlet, and the top is equipped with an exhaust port with an activated carbon filter, which can realize gas-liquid separation and initial odor filtration.

[0075] The device employs a three-stage treatment process: After harvesting, the cyanobacterial bloom is fed into the inlet via a spiral conveyor. First, it passes through a pretreatment unit consisting of a pre-screen and a cyclone separator, rapidly separating large particles such as branches and sand. Then, it enters a rotary photodegradation reactor. Driven by a variable frequency motor, the reactor rotates at an adjustable speed of 70-110 r / min. The cyanobacterial bloom, under the synergistic effect of the photocatalytic degradation layer, UV-LED array, and sunlight, achieves a degradation rate of over 98% for microcystins such as MC-LR. Simultaneously, in the drying and dehydration layer, a heat pump system precisely controls the temperature at 45±2℃, and a negative pressure dehumidification device rapidly reduces the water content of the cyanobacteria from 95% to below 60%. The treated water is then discharged from the outlet after passing through a post-disinfection unit, meeting emission standards. The dehydrated cyanobacterial biomass is transported via conveyor belt to the subsequent resource recovery unit.

[0076] The adaptive photodegradation system employs a dual-spectrum complementary design, comprising a Fresnel lens-based solar photolysis system and a UV-LED photodegradation matrix with wavelengths of 275-365nm. It incorporates a built-in light intensity sensor and intelligent controller, automatically activating the UV-LED system when ambient light intensity falls below 3000 lux, enabling continuous all-weather processing. The photovoltaic drive system integrates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology, utilizing a 250W monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel and a 48V lithium battery pack to meet the 72-hour continuous operation requirements of equipment such as the turntable (500W), UV-LED lighting (300W), and fan (200W).

[0077] The green electric drive drying system adopts a two-stage heat pump cycle technology, using photovoltaic power to drive the compressor and centrifugal fan, achieving precise temperature control within the temperature range of -15℃ to 80℃, reducing energy consumption by 65% ​​compared to traditional hot air drying.

[0078] The microbial co-treatment unit is equipped with an intelligent dosing device that can adjust the dosage of compound microbial community (Bacillus + Lactic acid bacteria + photosynthetic bacteria) in real time according to water quality parameters, and further remove the remaining volatile fatty acids and other odor substances in the biofilm reactor.

[0079] This reactor integrates photocatalysis and dehydration functions, and consists of core components such as a rotating disk, a rotating shaft, a drive motor, an upper photocatalytic layer, a lower dehydration layer, and a microporous aerator. The rotating disk adopts a honeycomb porous structure design with pore size strictly controlled at 2-5 mm and porosity reaching 40-60%. This structural design not only increases the specific surface area but also optimizes fluid permeability. The upper photocatalytic layer uses an anodic oxidation method to grow TiO2 nanotube arrays in situ on the surface of a titanium substrate. The tube diameter is 50-100 nm and the length is 2-5 μm. The vertical orientation of the nanotube array effectively improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The lower dehydration layer uses 316L stainless steel wire mesh, which is precision etched to produce a mesh size of 0.5-1 mm, combining high strength with high-efficiency dehydration performance.

[0080] In the power transmission system, the turntable is connected to a servo frequency converter drive motor via a high-strength alloy steel shaft. The motor speed can be precisely controlled in the range of 70-110 r / min, achieving a speed adjustment of 0.1 r / min to adapt to different concentrations of cyanobacteria treatment requirements. The ultraviolet irradiation system on top employs a double-row, staggered 222nm UV-LED array, with each LED chip having a power of 5W. After optical lens optimization, it achieves a power output of 200-500W / m². 2 The uniform power density and the dual irradiation design from the top and bottom can eliminate photocatalytic blind zones, and the rotating disk forms a dynamic photoreaction field.

[0081] The microporous aeration system arranged at the bottom of the reactor uses ceramic sintered membrane aerators with a pore size of 10-20 μm, and achieves a pore size of 0.5-2 m using a variable frequency fan.3 The system provides an adjustable aeration rate of / h. It not only replenishes the necessary dissolved oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction but also promotes water turbulence through the generated microbubbles, thereby increasing the mass transfer efficiency between cyanobacteria cells and the photocatalytic layer by more than 30%.

[0082] The collaborative working mechanism of the turntable is as follows: the drive motor drives the turntable to rotate at a set speed. When the turntable components alternately enter and exit the liquid surface, the cyanobacteria liquid film attached to the photocatalytic layer is excited by 222nm ultraviolet light, and the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by TiO2 nanotubes rapidly oxidize and degrade algal toxins and organic pollutants. The dehydration layer, which operates synchronously, uses air shear force and surface tension to make the attached water evaporate rapidly within 3-5 seconds. After three cycles, the water content of cyanobacteria can be reduced from 98% to below 75%, realizing the integrated and efficient treatment of photocatalytic detoxification and mechanical dehydration.

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown, the working principle of the innovative two-dimensional adaptive photodegradation system is presented, dynamically demonstrating the precise switching mechanism between daytime and nighttime operating modes. In daytime mode, sunlight is projected onto the rotating disk surface in a near-lossless manner through a highly transparent cover plate. At this time, the TiO2 photocatalyst loaded on the disk plays a crucial role. Its unique band structure efficiently absorbs UV light from sunlight, triggering the generation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This, in turn, generates highly oxidizing ·OH radicals through a series of complex redox reactions. These radicals can rapidly destroy the molecular structure of cyanobacterial toxins and odorous substances. Simultaneously, the solar cells arranged in the system, employing highly efficient multi-junction photovoltaic materials, can precisely absorb light energy in the visible and near-infrared bands and convert it into electrical energy, achieving dual high-efficiency utilization of light energy.

[0084] As night falls, the system automatically switches to nighttime operation mode and activates the UV-LED module. This module uses a UV-LED array composed of multiple high-power deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, powered by energy stored in batteries by the solar panels during the day via a controller. This inter-period energy allocation ensures continuous operation even in the absence of sunlight.

[0085] The core technology of the system is photocatalytic memory effect technology, which exhibits superior performance advantages. Extensive experimental verification shows that after 20 minutes of pre-lighting treatment, TiO2 nanotubes undergo lattice distortion and surface active site reconstruction, maintaining significant degradation and sterilization activity even in dark environments. This unique characteristic allows the system to maintain a processing efficiency of over 60% even under harsh conditions of insufficient light, such as at night or during prolonged cloudy days, greatly improving the system's environmental adaptability and stability.

[0086] During daytime operation, the system establishes a complete and efficient energy cycle. Its energy flow can be broken down as follows: sunlight drives both the photocatalytic reaction and the solar power generation process. Part of the generated electricity is directly used to power other devices within the system, while the other part is stored in the battery via an intelligent controller using an optimal charging strategy, providing energy reserves for driving the UV-LEDs at night. This controller features MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), which adjusts the operating point of the solar cells in real time, ensuring they are always at maximum power output, effectively improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization.

[0087] When entering nighttime operation mode, the system's intelligent control system responds rapidly, precisely converting the DC power from the battery into AC power suitable for the UV-LED array via a high-performance inverter. The UV-LED uses a 222nm deep ultraviolet light source, which, compared to the traditional UV254 light source, has higher photon energy and can more directly break the chemical bonds of cyanobacterial toxins and odor substances. According to authoritative testing, the degradation rate constant of the 222nm deep ultraviolet light source is 2.4-4.2 times that of UV254, significantly shortening the degradation time of pollutants and substantially improving treatment efficiency.

[0088] Furthermore, the system is equipped with a high-precision light intensity sensor that employs dual-channel spectral detection technology, enabling simultaneous monitoring of intensity changes in both ultraviolet and visible light. This sensor transmits the real-time collected light intensity data to the central control system. The control system incorporates an adaptive switching algorithm that can rapidly switch operating modes within milliseconds based on set thresholds (3000 lux during the day and 50 lux at night), ensuring the system is always in optimal operating condition, effectively reducing energy consumption and improving processing efficiency.

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, the photovoltaic drive system consists of core components such as solar panels, controllers, batteries, inverters (25), and UV-LED drive circuits. It also integrates a power monitoring module and a display screen to form an intelligent energy management system.

[0090] The solar panels utilize high-efficiency monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon materials, employing advanced passivated emitter and localized back field (PERC) technology to achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18-22%. Their surface is coated with an anti-reflective coating and a self-cleaning nanofilm, reducing dust adhesion by over 30% and extending lifespan. The controller features an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm chip, capable of dynamically capturing changes in light intensity within 0.1 seconds and optimizing power output through pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, resulting in an overall system energy efficiency improvement of 15-20%.

[0091] The energy storage system uses lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries as storage devices, with high-nickel ternary or lithium iron phosphate cells, featuring IP67 protection and temperature adaptive management. The energy storage capacity design employs a dual redundancy strategy: firstly, matching the base capacity based on the device's processing capacity; and secondly, incorporating local meteorological data to ensure stable system operation even during 3-5 consecutive days of cloudy or rainy weather.

[0092] In the energy conversion section, the inverter adopts a full-bridge topology, boasting a 98.5% energy conversion efficiency and a low harmonic output characteristic with THD < 3%, compatible with both three-phase four-wire and single-phase power supply modes. The UV-LED driver circuit integrates an adaptive constant current control chip and an active heat dissipation module, achieving ±1% current stability through feedback PID regulation in an ambient temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃. The circuit incorporates a multi-level protection mechanism, including overvoltage protection (OVP), overcurrent protection (OCP), overheat protection (OTP), and reverse connection protection (RPP), with a fault response time of < 50ms.

[0093] The battery monitoring module employs a Hall effect current sensor and high-precision ADC sampling technology to collect real-time data on battery parameters such as voltage, current, remaining capacity (SOC), and state of health (SOH). The monitoring data is transmitted to the main control unit via an RS485 bus, analyzed using a fuzzy logic algorithm, and then visualized on the touchscreen as dynamic curves and digital meters. When the battery level drops below 20%, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm and gradually shuts down non-core loads, prioritizing the operation of critical equipment such as UV-LEDs.

[0094] The system capacity design follows a modular expansion principle. Taking a medium-sized unit with a processing capacity of 100 tons / day as an example, load analysis and power simulation determine the total system power to be approximately 50kW. Considering energy transmission losses and peak load demands, a 60-80kWp solar panel array is required. Battery capacity calculation combines the local average annual sunshine hours (e.g., 4.5 hours per day) and 3 days of backup power requirements, using the formula... Make precise selections to ensure the system's energy self-sufficiency under extreme weather conditions.

[0095] like Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the microbial co-treatment unit, which integrates biological treatment and intelligent control functions. It consists of core components such as a bioreactor, aeration system, agitator, pH adjustment system, and temperature control system. The bioreactor employs the SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) process, with an effective volume designed to be 1.5-2 times the treatment capacity. This redundancy design ensures stable operation even during water quality fluctuations, preventing a decrease in treatment efficiency due to sudden changes in treatment load. The aeration system is equipped with microporous aerators, with an aeration rate controlled at 0.5-1.0 m³ / h. 3 / (m2 The parameter range (·h) can meet the respiration needs of microorganisms while preventing energy waste and sludge aging caused by over-aeration.

[0096] The core of the microbial co-treatment unit is a carefully selected complex microbial community, encompassing various functional species such as nitrifying bacteria, thiobacilli, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus plantarum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and actinomycetes. Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate through nitrification, providing substrates for subsequent denitrification reactions; thiobacilli participate in the oxidation of sulfides, reducing the content of odor-causing substances such as hydrogen sulfide in the water; Pseudomonas has a high capacity for degrading various organic substances; Lactobacillus plantarum secretes antimicrobial substances to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms; Rhodopseudomonas palustris can perform photosynthesis under anaerobic light conditions, consuming organic matter and fixing nitrogen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae helps regulate the metabolic balance of the microbial community; and the antibiotic-like substances produced by actinomycetes enhance the system's resilience. These microorganisms form a stable ecosystem through mutualistic symbiosis and synergistic metabolism, achieving highly efficient removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and odor-causing substances from the water.

[0097] In terms of reactor structure design, the bioreactor adopts a cylindrical structure with vertically arranged baffles inside, orderly dividing it into three functional zones: anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic. The first anaerobic zone creates an anaerobic environment by strictly controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration below 0.2 mg / L. In this zone, denitrifying bacteria use organic matter as electron donors to reduce nitrates to nitrogen gas, which is then discharged from the system. Simultaneously, facultative anaerobic bacteria hydrolyze and acidify complex organic matter, reducing the molecular chain length of pollutants and improving their biodegradability. The second anoxic zone maintains dissolved oxygen at 0.2-0.5 mg / L, primarily for denitrification to further remove residual nitrate nitrogen. At the same time, some facultative microorganisms continue to degrade organic matter not completely decomposed in the anaerobic zone. The third aerobic zone maintains dissolved oxygen at 2-4 mg / L through aeration, providing sufficient oxygen for nitrifying bacteria and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria to complete ammonia nitrification and deep mineralization of organic matter, ultimately converting pollutants into carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen gas.

[0098] The aeration system delivers air to the reactor in the form of bubbles through microporous aerators. These tiny bubbles have a large specific surface area, significantly improving oxygen mass transfer efficiency. Simultaneously, the water flow dynamics generated during bubble rise promote water mixing, ensuring thorough contact between microorganisms and pollutants. The system is equipped with an intelligent air volume regulating valve, which dynamically adjusts the aeration rate based on real-time water quality data by connecting to an online water quality monitor (such as ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen sensors). For example, when an increase in ammonia nitrogen concentration is detected, the aeration rate is automatically increased to enhance nitrification; if dissolved oxygen is too high, the aeration rate is reduced, achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction.

[0099] The agitator is driven by a variable frequency motor, allowing for flexible speed adjustment within the range of 20-120 rpm. In the anaerobic and anoxic zones, the agitator operates at a low speed of 30-50 rpm, gently mixing the sludge and wastewater to prevent sludge settling and creating dead zones. In the aerobic zone, the agitator works in conjunction with the aeration system, operating at a high speed of 80-120 rpm to accelerate gas-liquid-solid three-phase mass transfer, ensuring sufficient contact between microorganisms, oxygen, and pollutants, thus improving degradation efficiency. Furthermore, the agitator blades feature an anti-winding design to prevent filamentous bacteria and fibrous materials from entangled and affecting equipment operation.

[0100] The pH adjustment system consists of a high-precision pH sensor, a PLC controller, and a dosing device. The pH sensor monitors the acidity or alkalinity of the solution in the reactor in real time, with a detection accuracy of ±0.01 pH. When the pH value deviates from the set range (7.0-8.5), the PLC controller automatically controls the dosing pump to add sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution to the reactor for adjustment. For example, if the pH value drops to 6.5, the system automatically starts the alkali addition program, accurately measures the dosage, and quickly restores the pH value to the suitable range, ensuring stable microbial enzyme activity.

[0101] The temperature control system integrates a temperature sensor, a PID controller, and a heating / cooling device. The temperature sensor uses a Pt100 resistance temperature detector (RTD), with a measurement range of 0-50℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃, monitoring the water temperature inside the reactor in real time. When the temperature is below 25℃, the PID controller activates the electric heating device to indirectly heat the water through a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. If the temperature exceeds 30℃, the cooling water circulation system automatically starts, using a plate heat exchanger to remove excess heat, ensuring that the temperature inside the reactor is always maintained within the optimal range of 25-30℃ for microbial metabolism.

[0102] The microbial dosing employs a combined strategy of "liquid inoculant supplementation + biofilm fixation + sludge recirculation". Concentrated liquid inoculant is periodically and uniformly added to the reactor at a flow rate of 5-10 L / h using a metering pump to replenish microorganisms consumed or lost through metabolism. The reactor is filled with a combined elastic three-dimensional packing material with a specific surface area of ​​300-500 m². 2 / m 3 This provides a sufficient carrier for microbial attachment and growth, allowing microorganisms to form a biofilm with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm on the surface of the packing material. The concentration of microorganisms in the biofilm can reach 3-5 times that of suspended sludge, significantly improving treatment efficiency. At the same time, the sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank is continuously returned to the front end of the reactor at a return ratio of 30-50%, which not only replenishes the amount of microorganisms but also introduces extracellular polymers (EPS) from the activated sludge, enhancing the microorganisms' ability to adsorb pollutants and the system's stability.

[0103] like Figure 6The diagram shows the flowchart of the device's control system. This diagram, with its clear modular architecture, intuitively presents the control logic relationships of each component. The system relies on high-precision sensors to build a comprehensive monitoring network, capturing key information such as water quality parameters, light intensity, temperature, and pH value in real time. The controller, as the system's central hub, has a built-in adaptive adjustment algorithm that can adjust operating parameters such as disc rotation speed, light intensity, and aeration rate in milliseconds based on preset dynamic parameter thresholds. Notably, the system's intelligent early warning module has a three-level alarm mechanism: when the detected data slightly deviates from the standard value, a yellow warning is triggered and a preliminary adjustment procedure is initiated; if the data anomaly worsens, it escalates to an orange warning, and abnormal information is simultaneously pushed to the local terminal; once a dangerous threshold is reached, a red alarm is immediately triggered, automatically switching to a safe operating mode, and simultaneously notifying maintenance personnel through both audible and visual alarms and SMS notifications.

[0104] The core of the control system adopts an industrial-grade PLC programmable logic controller, which is equipped with a multi-core processor and supports multi-threaded data processing. It seamlessly interfaces with various sensors through distributed I / O modules, enabling high-frequency acquisition of system operation data. The control strategy design is highly innovative: in the microbial dosing stage, it combines water quality COD and ammonia nitrogen concentration data to precisely regulate the dosage of microbial agents using a dynamic ratio algorithm; in terms of light control, it automatically and intelligently switches between natural photocatalysis and artificial UV photodegradation modes based on ambient light intensity; the temperature regulation module incorporates a PID control algorithm to stabilize the treatment environment temperature within a ±0.5℃ error range; pH adjustment employs dual-pump linkage control, automatically dispensing acid-base regulators based on real-time monitoring data to ensure acid-base balance during the treatment process.

[0105] The sensor network constructed by the system adopts a hierarchical redundancy architecture, which significantly improves the reliability and integrity of data acquisition. Water quality sensor array: integrates multi-parameter online monitoring probes, supports real-time monitoring of 12 core water quality indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen, with detection accuracy reaching the national first-class standard and data update frequency of 1 time / minute; Biosensor group: Equipped with a fluorescence micro-counter and an immunoassay chip, it can simultaneously monitor algal cell density, microcystin concentration and microbial metabolic activity, with a response time of less than 30 seconds to changes in toxin concentration; Environmental sensor array: Employs meteorological station-level monitoring equipment to achieve comprehensive monitoring of environmental parameters such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction; data supports remote calibration. Equipment sensor group: Vibration sensors, infrared thermometers and current transformers are deployed on key equipment to monitor motor speed, electrical parameters and equipment operating status 24 hours a day, with a fault prediction accuracy of over 95%.

[0106] In the data processing flow, all sensor data undergoes A / D conversion and filtering by a low-noise data acquisition module before being transmitted to the PLC controller via industrial Ethernet. The controller has a built-in edge computing unit, capable of performing over 80% of the data analysis and processing locally. The processed data is stored in a local time-series database, supporting efficient retrieval of over 10 years of historical data; simultaneously, it is uploaded to a remote monitoring platform via a 5G / Ethernet dual-link communication module. The platform adopts a B / S architecture, supporting real-time access from multiple terminals and data visualization analysis.

[0107] The system control algorithm integrates multiple cutting-edge technologies: an adaptive control module based on fuzzy logic, which achieves rapid response to complex water quality changes by constructing a multi-dimensional fuzzy rule base; a neural network predictive control model based on deep learning, which uses an LSTM long short-term memory network to predict the water quality change trend in the next 24 hours, with the prediction error controlled within 5%; and an energy management module that uses a genetic algorithm optimization strategy to dynamically adjust the equipment operation sequence based on light intensity, equipment load, and peak and off-peak electricity prices, achieving energy savings of more than 20% compared to traditional control methods.

[0108] The fault diagnosis system employs a combination of fault tree analysis and machine learning, building a knowledge base containing over 2000 fault feature samples. When equipment malfunctions, the system automatically retrieves historical data and compares it with real-time parameters, locating the fault within one minute and generating a diagnostic report including the cause, scope of impact, and proposed solutions. Furthermore, the system incorporates a dual-machine hot standby and redundancy switching mechanism; in the event of a primary equipment failure, the backup equipment can take over within 500 milliseconds, ensuring continuous and stable system operation.

[0109] The three different sizes of the units are designed as follows: a small mobile unit, a medium-sized semi-fixed unit, and a large turntable unit. Each unit balances functionality and adaptability while fully considering the operational needs of different aquatic environments. The small unit adopts a highly mobile containerized design, the medium-sized unit uses a modular architecture for flexible expansion, and the large unit ensures high-efficiency processing capacity through clustered layout.

[0110] Small mobile devices This device is specifically designed for small lakes, landscape water bodies, urban rivers, and other dispersed water areas, with a processing capacity of 5-20 tons per day. It adopts a standard container structure, with overall dimensions of 6m × 2.4m × 2.6m, allowing for rapid loading onto freight trucks and cross-regional operations via road transport. The core of the device features a 1m diameter rotary reactor with built-in multi-layer adsorption screens and an ultraviolet disinfection module, ensuring simultaneous dehydration and detoxification of cyanobacteria. The energy system employs a dual-supply mode of solar energy and batteries, with 5kWp solar panels paired with 200Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries, supporting continuous off-grid operation for 48 hours. Furthermore, foldable operating platforms with hydraulic lifting ladders are located on both sides of the container for easy equipment maintenance and emergency repairs.

[0111] Medium-sized semi-fixed device For regional treatment scenarios such as medium-sized reservoirs and larger rivers, the medium-sized unit has a processing capacity of 50-200 tons / day. It innovatively adopts a modular design, with each standard module measuring 10m×5m×3m, which can be quickly expanded by bolting. Each module is equipped with two 2m diameter rotary reactors and features an intelligent speed control system that automatically adjusts treatment parameters based on cyanobacteria concentration. The bottom of the unit is equipped with a track pulley and hydraulic anchoring system, allowing for displacement adjustments up to 100 meters via the track while ensuring stable fixation during operation. Energy is provided by a distributed photovoltaic array with a total power of 30-50kWp, equipped with an energy storage management system to ensure continuous operation at night and on cloudy / rainy days. A quick-connect piping system between modules allows for unit additions or removals within 2 hours.

[0112] Large rotary device As a core treatment facility for large lakes and important water sources, it has a processing capacity of 500-2000 tons / day. The unit adopts a fixed design with a permanent concrete foundation, occupying 500-2000 square meters, and consists of a ring-shaped treatment cluster of 6-12 rotating reactors. Each reactor has a diameter of 5-8 meters and integrates advanced technologies such as bio-enzyme catalytic detoxification and microwave drying, increasing treatment efficiency by 40% compared to traditional equipment. A solar power system covers the entire top of the unit, with a total power of 200-500 kWp, and is equipped with a substation and energy storage power station. Auxiliary facilities include three-stage sedimentation tanks (each with a volume of 1000 m³). 3 The facility includes a fully automated dewatering room (equipped with 4 centrifugal dewatering machines) and an intelligent control room (integrated with an AI monitoring and early warning system). The perimeter of the facility is equipped with a crash barrier and a 24 / 7 monitoring system to ensure safe operation.

[0113] The three units maintain visual consistency in their design, featuring a gradient blue paint finish with a water ripple pattern, complemented by white functional area markings. The surface undergoes thermal spraying with zinc-aluminum alloy for corrosion protection, achieving a salt spray resistance of over 1000 hours. For safety, each unit is equipped with double-layer stainless steel safety railings (1.2m high), anti-slip patterned steel plates (friction coefficient ≥0.6), an emergency sprinkler system, and a pre-installed interface for a gas detector, ensuring comprehensive safety for operators.

[0114] In typical application scenarios, the system demonstrates scientific installation methods for the device in different water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. Based on the geographical characteristics, hydrodynamic properties, and cyanobacteria distribution patterns of the water bodies, the device offers diverse adaptation solutions, including shore-based installation, floating installation, and fixed installation.

[0115] In lake applications, considering the open surface and the dynamic migration of cyanobacteria with water flow and wind direction, the device employs an innovative floating installation. Specially designed high-strength pontoons form a stable buoyancy support system, and adjustable mooring lines secure the device to the water surface. An onboard intelligent positioning module monitors real-time coordinate changes in the cyanobacteria accumulation area, automatically adjusting the device's position to ensure it remains within the core cyanobacteria treatment zone. Furthermore, the device features a dual-anchoring system; the main anchor uses a biomimetic barb design, while the secondary anchor adjusts its grip via a hydraulic telescopic mechanism, ensuring stable operation even in extreme weather conditions such as force 12 winds.

[0116] In reservoir applications, given the relatively regular changes in reservoir water levels and the tendency for cyanobacteria blooms to form in shallow water areas, the device is installed fixedly on the shore. It is securely connected to the shore via a steel structure trestle, designed to bear a load of 20 tons, meeting the needs of equipment inspection and routine maintenance. Deployed in the shallow water area of ​​the reservoir (1.5-3 meters deep), the device utilizes a self-developed high-flow-rate siphon-type water intake pipe, equipped with a guide cone and anti-clogging grille at its front end, to efficiently introduce cyanobacteria blooms within a 500-meter radius into the treatment system. Simultaneously, water quality monitoring nodes are set up along the water intake pipe to provide real-time feedback on cyanobacteria concentration data and dynamically adjust the water intake flow rate.

[0117] In river applications, given the frequent fluctuations in river levels and the high velocity of the water flow, the device employs a modular and mobile installation. The bottom of the device is equipped with an intelligent lifting support, which uses a hydraulic drive system to adjust the height from 0.5 to 5 meters, adapting to seasonal water level changes. The device is typically installed in a key river section 500-1000 meters upstream of the intake, or at the confluence of tributaries and the main stream, creating a highly efficient biological treatment barrier. Each treatment unit is equipped with a flow guide plate and wave-damping device, which not only reduces the impact of the water flow but also extends the treatment time for cyanobacteria within the device, ensuring that the water quality entering the intake consistently meets the Class III standard of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard".

[0118] In terms of ecological environmental protection, the layout of the device incorporates eco-friendly design concepts. A 5-10 meter wide ecological buffer zone is constructed around the device, planted with native aquatic plant communities such as reeds and water lilies, forming a multi-layered ecological filter bed. This not only intercepts suspended solids generated during the treatment process but also provides spawning, breeding, and hiding places for fish and amphibians. The device operates using low-noise motors and a silent transmission system, with noise levels below 55 decibels. No chemical agents are added during the treatment process; through bio-enzyme catalysis and microbial degradation technology, it achieves efficient treatment of cyanobacteria while increasing dissolved oxygen in the water by 15%-20%, effectively improving the aquatic ecological environment and contributing to the gradual recovery of damaged aquatic ecosystems.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for dewatering and drying and detoxifying and deodorizing the biomass of water-blooms of cyanobacteria after its fishing, characterized in that, include: A rotary photodegradation reactor, wherein the rotary photodegradation reactor adopts a double-layer structure, the upper layer of which is a photocatalytic degradation layer and the lower layer is a biomass drying and dehydration layer. An adaptive photodegradation system is correspondingly installed on the photocatalytic degradation layer, and a green electric drive air drying system is installed in the biomass drying and dehydration layer. The adaptive photodegradation system performs photocatalytic toxin degradation by switching between ultraviolet light from natural light and ultraviolet lamp light, and the green electric drive air drying system performs drying treatment. The photocatalytic degradation layer is also equipped with a microbial co-processing unit, which uses microorganisms to detoxify, deodorize and clean the water in the photocatalytic degradation layer.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photocatalytic degradation layer includes a shell and a rotating shaft. The shell is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and the rotating shaft is provided with a turntable. The turntable is horizontally arranged in the center inside the shell and moves up and down in the water surface inside the shell. The adaptive photodegradation system is correspondingly arranged on the turntable, wherein excitation light sources for exciting ultraviolet light are arranged above and below the turntable, and an array of nanotubes for absorbing ultraviolet light in sunlight is arranged on the turntable. The excitation light sources are used to supplement ultraviolet light when sunlight is insufficient.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green electricity-driven air drying system includes a photovoltaic-driven axial flow fan and a heat pump system, wherein the photovoltaic-driven axial flow fan and heat pump system are used to perform air drying and heat drying operations.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial co-processing unit is equipped with a composite microbial community, which includes several functional microorganisms. The microbial co-processing unit is connected to the photocatalytic degradation layer through a metabolite exchange network, or the microbial co-processing unit is directly placed in the photocatalytic degradation layer. The microbial system processing unit is modularly designed to quantitatively add microorganisms to the photocatalytic degradation layer.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a photovoltaic drive system and a wind power generation device, wherein the photovoltaic drive system and the wind power generation device store and power the adaptive photodegradation system and the green electricity driven air drying system through photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent control system, which is used to monitor key parameters and environmental data in the rotary photodegradation reactor and regulate the operation of the rotary photodegradation reactor, the adaptive photodegradation system and the green electric drive drying system.

7. A corresponding method for dewatering and drying and detoxifying and deodorizing the biomass of water-bloomed cyanobacteria after its fishing, based on the device according to any of the preceding claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The collected cyanobacteria blooms are fed into a rotary photodegradation reactor. In the photocatalytic degradation layer, the cyanobacteria bloom is photocatalytically degraded by an adaptive photocatalytic degradation system, and the water in the photocatalytic degradation layer soaking the cyanobacteria bloom is detoxified, deodorized and cleaned by a microbial co-processing unit. In the biomass drying and dehydration layer, the photocatalytically degraded cyanobacteria blooms are dehydrated through a green electricity-driven air drying system, and the water is then removed. Resource utilization of dehydrated cyanobacteria blooms.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of resource utilization of dehydrated cyanobacteria in algal blooms includes: The dehydrated cyanobacteria blooms can be used directly as feed additives, further processed into bio-organic fertilizers, or converted into biofuels through pyrolysis.

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