5000 series print aluminum alloy

Abstract

This disclosure relates to 5000 series printable aluminum alloys. This disclosure relates to 5000 series aluminum alloys capable of being printed.

Description

[0001] priority This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 757,039, filed on February 11, 2025, entitled “5000 SERIES PRINTEDALUMINUM ALLOYS”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates in general to printable 5000 series aluminum alloys, their precursors, and methods for their fabrication. Background Technology

[0003] High-strength and low-density 3D-printed metal parts with good appearance quality enable the design of lighter and thinner consumer electronics. Conventional forged aluminum alloys exhibit hot cracking, while currently available printed alloys have poor appearance quality after anodizing.

[0004] 5000 series aluminum alloys are particularly attractive for these applications. However, 3D printing conventional 5000 series aluminum alloys results in hot cracking, elongated grains, and other unattractive appearances, making these alloys unsuitable for consumer purposes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure relates to a 5000 series aluminum alloy. The 5000 series aluminum alloy comprises a combination of 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% Mg, 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr and Ti, and the balance being aluminum and incidental impurities.

[0006] In some variations, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains 1.5 wt% to 2.3 wt% Mg. In another variation, the amount of Zr is 0.4 wt% to 1.2 wt% Zr. In a further variation, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr and does not contain Ti. In yet another variation, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Zr and 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Ti.

[0007] In some variations, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe. In some other variations, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn. In some other variations, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy contains less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si.

[0008] In the second aspect, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy comprises a combination of 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% Mg, 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr and Ti, wherein the Zr and Ti are contained within Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculant particles. The balance is aluminum and incidental impurities. In some variants, the average Al3(Zr,Ti) particle diameter is 50 nm to 600 nm. In other variants, the yield strength is 100 MPa to 200 MPa.

[0009] In a third aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for producing a printed 5000 series aluminum alloy. In some variations, a precursor composition comprising 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% Mg, 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr and Ti (the balance being aluminum and incidental impurities) is disposed on a surface. In some variations, the precursor composition comprises 1.0 wt% to 1.3 wt% Zr and Ti. The precursor composition is subjected to laser irradiation, thereby forming the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy. In some variations, the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy may be subjected to a heat treatment step. In an additional variation, the average Al3(Zr,Ti) particle diameter is 2 nm to 30 nm. In another variation, the yield strength is 280 MPa to 380 MPa. In some variations, the Mg, Al, Zr and Ti are in powder form. In an alternative variant, the Mg, Ti, and Al are in powder form, and the Zr is in the form of ZrH2.

[0010] In a fourth aspect, a printed part is formed from the printed aluminum alloy disclosed herein and / or manufactured by the methods disclosed herein.

[0011] As described in this article, these variants can be combined with any other variants in any combination. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Other non-limiting aspects of this disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and description.

[0013] Figure 1A Fine grains in a conventional 5000 series aluminum alloy according to an exemplary embodiment are depicted; Figure 1B Equiaxed grains in a conventional 5000 series aluminum alloy according to an exemplary embodiment are depicted; Figure 2A Contours of zirconium-titanium 5000 series aluminum alloys according to exemplary embodiments are depicted; Figure 2B The predicted yield strength of conventional 5000 series alloys compared with the sample alloys of this disclosure according to exemplary embodiments is depicted; Figure 2CThe yield strength (YS) of two different 5000 series aluminum alloys according to exemplary embodiments is depicted. Figure 3A The grain size of a conventional 5000 series alloy after 3D printing and curing is depicted according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3B Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum in 5000 series alloy grains according to an exemplary embodiment is depicted; Figure 4 A describes an alloy, as a first step according to an exemplary embodiment, which may be a pre-alloyed powder containing Al, Mg, and Zr and / or Ti. Figure 4 B depicts an Al-Mg precursor powder containing ZrH2 or TiH2 particles according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 C depicts a printed 5000 aluminum alloy containing an Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 D depicts a printed 5000 aluminum alloy that has undergone aging and contains a small amount of Al3(Zr,Ti) precipitant according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5A The thermal crack susceptibility predicted using the model of Kou et al. is depicted based on an exemplary implementation. Figure 5B The thermal crack susceptibility predicted using the Clyne and Davies models based on an exemplary implementation is depicted; Figure 5C The thermal crack susceptibility predicted using the model of Easton et al. is depicted based on an exemplary implementation. Figure 6A The predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 1 wt% Mg and not having Zr or Ti, according to an exemplary embodiment, is depicted. Figure 6B The predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 2 wt% Mg and not having Zr or Ti is depicted according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6C The predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 3 wt% Mg and not having Zr or Ti, according to an exemplary embodiment, is depicted. Figure 6D The predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 1 wt% Mg and 1.3 wt% Zr according to an exemplary embodiment is depicted. Figure 6EThe predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 2 wt% Mg and 1.3 wt% Zr according to an exemplary embodiment is depicted. Figure 6F The predicted temperature gradient during curing in a 5000 series aluminum alloy having 3 wt% Mg and 1.3 wt% Zr according to an exemplary embodiment is depicted. Figure 7A The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of two different 5000 series aluminum alloys of this disclosure according to exemplary embodiments is described; and Figure 7B The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of two different 5000 series aluminum alloys of this disclosure according to exemplary embodiments is depicted. Detailed Implementation

[0014] This disclosure can be understood by referring to the accompanying drawings as described herein and the following detailed description. It should be noted that, for clarity, some elements in the various drawings may not be drawn to scale, may be schematic or conceptual, or may not perfectly correspond to certain physical configurations of the embodiments. All scopes described herein include endpoints.

[0015] The phrase “additive manufacturing” is used interchangeably with the phrases “printing” and “3D printing” herein. As used herein, “print” and “printing” also refer to various forms of additive manufacturing and include three-dimensional (3D) printing or 3D rapid prototyping, as well as sintering or melting / fusion techniques. During metal printing (i.e., 3D printing), alloy materials solidify very rapidly over a wide temperature range. This generates significant internal stress within the part, which the alloy microstructure cannot withstand. This disclosure provides 5000 series alloy compositions and microstructures capable of withstanding such internal stress and without cracking during printing.

[0016] In some variations, the printable alloys of this disclosure may result in more uniform equiaxed and much smaller grain sizes, capable of withstanding stress and / or strain, thereby significantly reducing thermal cracking during the printing process.

[0017] As an example, not a limitation, Figure 1A The typical grain structure of 5000 series aluminum alloys is depicted. The elongated grains (102) result in hot-tear zones, leading to hot cracking during manufacturing and other undesirable anodized appearance. In contrast, Figure 1B Equiaxed grains 104 are depicted. In some embodiments, the equiaxed grain structure that can be formed during curing is more resistant to heat tearing. In addition, equiaxed grains provide a good anodized appearance.

[0018] Alloy composition The 5000 series alloys (also referred to herein as "5K series alloys") are based on a binary aluminum-magnesium composition. When printed, 5000 series aluminum alloys cause significant thermal tearing.

[0019] Hot cracking in 5K series alloys is reduced by adding Zr and / or Ti (which, together with Al, forms particles referred to herein as Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculants (or alternatively as "Al3(Zr,Ti) particles")). As mentioned herein, Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculants may contain Zr, Ti, or a combination of both. Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculants promote grain size reduction and equiaxed grain structure.

[0020] The printability of 5K series alloys generally increases with increasing Zr and Ti content. If too little Zr and / or Ti is added, 5K series alloys are prone to hot cracking. Conversely, higher amounts of Zr and / or Ti result in reduced aesthetic appeal.

[0021] Therefore, in some variants, the total combined Zr and Ti weight percentage in the 5000 series alloys is between 0.6 wt% total Zr and Ti and 1.4 wt% total Zr and Ti. In some variants, the total combined Zr and Ti weight percentage in the 5000 series alloys is between 1.0 wt% total Zr and Ti and 1.3 wt% total Zr and Ti.

[0022] In some variations, the 5000 series alloys contain a combination of Zr and Ti. In some such variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 0.6% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 0.7% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 0.8% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 0.9% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 1.0% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 1.1% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 1.2% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 1.1% by weight. In some variations, the Zr and Ti combination is at least 1.3% by weight. The upper and lower limits can be selected individually or in any combination.

[0023] In some variants of the 5000 series alloys that contain a combination of Zr and Ti, Zr has a minimum weight percentage, and the remaining weight percentage is Ti. In some variants, Zr is at least 0.7% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 0.8% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 0.9% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 1.0% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 1.1% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 1.2% by weight. In some variants, Zr is at least 1.3% by weight. Similarly, in some variants, Zr is less than or equal to 1.4% by weight. In some variants, Zr is less than or equal to 1.3% by weight. In some variants, Zr is less than or equal to 1.2% by weight. In some variants, Zr is less than or equal to 1.1% by weight. In some variants, Zr is less than or equal to 1.0% by weight. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.9% by weight. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.8% by weight. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.7% by weight. The upper and lower limits can be selected individually or in any combination.

[0024] Similarly, in some variations, Ti is at least 0.7 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 0.8 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 0.9 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 1.0 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 1.1 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 1.2 wt%. In some variations, Ti is at least 1.3 wt%. Likewise, in some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 1.4 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 1.3 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 1.2 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 1.1 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 1.0 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 0.9 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 0.8 wt%. In some variations, Ti is less than or equal to 0.7 wt%. The upper and lower limits can be selected individually or in any combination.

[0025] In some variations, the 5000 series alloys contain Zr but not Ti. In these cases, the amount of Zr can be from 0.60 wt% to 1.40 wt%. In some such variations, Zr is at least 0.60 wt%. In some variations, Zr is at least 0.70 wt%. In some variations, Zr is at least 0.80 wt%. In some variations, Zr is at least 0.90 wt%. In some such variations, the amount of Zr is at least 1.00 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is at least 1.10 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is at least 1.20 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is at least 1.30 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is less than or equal to 1.40 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is less than or equal to 1.30 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is less than or equal to 1.20 wt%. In some variations, the amount of Zr is less than or equal to 1.10 wt%. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 1.00 wt%. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.90 wt%. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.80 wt%. In some variations, Zr is less than or equal to 0.70 wt%. The upper and lower limits can be chosen individually or in any combination. For example, in a particular variation, the amount of Zr is between 0.60 wt% and 1.40 wt%.

[0026] Figure 2A Al3(Zr,Ti) isopleths for zirconium and titanium in 5000 series aluminum alloys were depicted. The isopleths represent a constant volume fraction of Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum. In some variants, as the total amount (volume fraction) of Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum increases, equiaxed grains become smaller, stress in the 5000 series alloys decreases, the likelihood of hot tearing decreases, and the alloy's printability improves. Moving along each isopleth, lattice matching increases with increasing weight % of Zr and decreasing weight % of Ti. Grain growth constraint increases with increasing weight % of Ti and decreasing weight % of Zr.

[0027] Both zirconium and titanium improve the printability of Al alloys by forming inoculant particles, Al3(Zr,Ti), that match the aluminum matrix lattice. Ti diffusion prior to the curing front provides compositional supercooling, which promotes grain growth confinement.

[0028] Table 1

[0029] Table 1 depicts example Al alloys 1 to 4. Alloys 1 and 3 contain zirconium only in Al3(Zr,Ti), while alloys 2 and 4 contain a combination of Zr and Ti in an Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum.

[0030] Figure 2B The predicted yield strengths of conventional 5K series alloys are depicted compared to alloys 1 through 4. Alloys 1 and 2 contain 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr, while alloys 3 and 4 contain 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Zr and 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Ti. The increase in yield strength is a result of the increase in Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles, thereby increasing the strength at the grain boundaries of the alloys.

[0031] Figure 2C The yield strength (YS) of the two different aluminum alloys described in this paper is depicted: the first alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Zr, and the second alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.0 wt% Zr. The yield strength of the alloy with 1.0 wt% Zr is on average less than that of the alloy with 1.2 wt% Zr, but within the range of experimental error between them.

[0032] Figure 3A The grain structure of a typical 5K series alloy after 3D printing and curing is depicted. The grains are elongated (302), resulting in a thermal tear zone (304). Figure 3B The Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculant 308 in the 5K series alloy grain 306 disclosed herein is depicted. The grains do not have a hot tear zone, thus reducing susceptibility to hot cracking.

[0033] In some variants, there may be some free Zr not present in the Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum and / or some free Ti not present in the Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum.

[0034] Magnesium in 5000 series aluminum alloys In some variations, the alloy has at least 0.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 1.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 1.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 2.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 2.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 3.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 3.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 4.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has at least 4.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has less than or equal to 5.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has less than or equal to 4.50 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has less than or equal to 4.00 wt% Mg. In some variations, the alloy has less than or equal to 3.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the alloy has less than or equal to 3.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the alloy has less than or equal to 2.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the alloy has less than or equal to 2.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the alloy has less than or equal to 1.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the alloy has less than or equal to 1.0 wt% Mg.

[0035] The amount of Mg in the alloy can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein. In some specific examples, the alloy has 1.5 wt% to 1.8 wt% Mg. In other specific examples, the alloy has 2.00 wt% to 2.30 wt% Mg. In still other specific examples, the alloy has 1.50 wt% to 2.30 wt% Mg.

[0036] Magnesium in precursor powder Magnesium is present in the final alloy and in the powder used during the printing of 5000 series aluminum alloys. Because some magnesium may volatilize during the high-temperature printing process, the weight percentage of magnesium in the precursor powder may be higher relative to that in the 5000 series aluminum alloy. In some variants, the amount of Mg in the powder can be 20% to 25% greater than that in the 5000 series aluminum alloy.

[0037] In some variants, the powder has at least 0.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 0.60 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 0.70 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 0.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 0.90 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.10 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.20 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.30 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.40 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.60 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.70 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 1.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 2.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 2.20 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 2.40 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 2.60 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 2.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 3.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 3.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 4.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has at least 4.50 wt% Mg.

[0038] In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 5.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 4.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 4.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 3.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 3.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 2.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 2.60 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 2.40 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 2.20 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 2.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.90 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.70 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.60 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.50 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.40 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.30 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.20 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.10 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 1.00 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 0.90 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 0.80 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 0.70 wt% Mg. In some variants, the powder has less than or equal to 0.60 wt% Mg.

[0039] The amount of Mg in the powder may have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein. In some specific examples, the powder has 1.5 wt% to 1.8 wt% Mg. In other specific examples, the powder has 2.00 wt% to 2.30 wt% Mg. In still other specific examples, the powder has 1.50 wt% to 2.30 wt% Mg. In additional examples, the powder has 0.50 wt% to 5.00 wt% Mg.

[0040] iron The amount of iron in the alloy is below the threshold. Iron can add a darker, undesirable color to 5000 series alloys. In a matrix that interacts with light in a reflective manner, this darker color comes from the anode and other elements with similar effects.

[0041] In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.20% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.15% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.10% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.05% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.03% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is less than or equal to 0.01% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is at least 0.01% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is at least 0.03% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is at least 0.05% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Fe is at least 0.10% by weight. The amount of Fe may have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0042] manganese In some variations, the amount of Mn is less than or equal to 0.10% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Mn is less than or equal to 0.05% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Mn is less than or equal to 0.03% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Mn is less than or equal to 0.01% by weight. In some variations, the amount of Mn is at least 0.01% by weight. The amount of Mn may have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0043] copper Copper enhances the yellowing aspect of the 5000 series alloys. Therefore, the alloys contain a limited amount of copper. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.30 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.25 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.20 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.15 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.10 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.03 wt%. In some variations, the amount of copper is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%.

[0044] aluminum Al alloys can be described by various weight percent elements and specific properties. The alloy composition may contain small amounts of incidental impurities. Impurity elements may be present, for example, as byproducts of processing and manufacturing. The balance of the 5000 series alloys is aluminum and incidental impurities. In various embodiments, incidental impurities may not exceed 0.05% by weight of any single incidental element (i.e., a single impurity) and not exceed 0.10% by weight of the total amount of all incidental elements (i.e., total impurities).

[0045] Manufacturing method 5000 series alloys can be formed by additive manufacturing or printing. Any type of additive manufacturing known in the art can be used. Non-limiting printing methods may include laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), electron beam melting (EBM), and laser material deposition (LMD). In some specific methods, the additive manufacturing method is LPBF.

[0046] Figure 4 A to Figure 4 D describes a method for producing submicron grained powder. For example... Figure 4 As described in A, the precursor can be a precursor powder of particles 402 formed from Al, Mg, and Zr and / or Ti. Alternatively, as Figure 4 As described in section B, the precursor can be a powder formed from Al-Mg particles 404 and ZrH2 particles 406. For example... Figure 4 As described in C, the precursor powder is then subjected to printing steps (such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)). The 5000 series alloys are printed using a submicron grain-refined Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculum 408s. (Reference) Figure 4 D. The printed alloy is then subjected to an aging step, resulting in smaller Al3(Zr,Ti) precipitates 410. The smaller precipitates further strengthen the alloy by stabilizing the grains 412. The alloy is treated under T5 aging conditions.

[0047] Further reference Figure 4 C, the printed refined grains include Al3(Zr,Ti) particles 408, which nucleate multiple small grains. Therefore, there are more grain boundaries compared to a situation where no nucleation sites are provided by Al3(Zr,Ti) particles. Grain boundaries themselves contribute to strengthening the alloy.

[0048] exist Figure 4In some variations following the printing step described in C, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 600 nm. In some variations following printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 500 nm. In some variations following printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 400 nm. In some variations following printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 300 nm. In some variations following printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 200 nm. The average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 10 nm. In some variations, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 25 nm. In some variations, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 50 nm. In some variations, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 100 nm. In some variations after printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 150 nm. In some variations after printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 200 nm. In some variations after printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 250 nm. In some variations after printing, the average diameter of the Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 300 nm. The average particle diameter can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0049] In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 50 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 75 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 90 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 100 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 125 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 150 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 175 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 250 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 175 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 150 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 125 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 100 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 75 MPa. For example, in some specific variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy ranges from 100 MPa to 200 MPa. The yield strength of the printed alloy can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein. Further references Figure 4D. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles 410 is at least 2 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 3 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 4 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 5 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 10 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 30 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 20 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 15 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 10 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 5 nm. The particle diameter may have any variation with the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0050] In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 250 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 280 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 300 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 325 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 350 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 450 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 425 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 400 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 380 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 350 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 325 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 300 MPa. In certain variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is between 280 MPa and 380 MPa. The yield strength of the aged alloy can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0051] In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 50 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 75 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 90 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 100 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 125 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 150 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 175 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is at least 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 250 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 175 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 150 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 125 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 100 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy is less than or equal to 75 MPa. For example, in some specific variations, the yield strength of the printed alloy ranges from 100 MPa to 200 MPa. The yield strength of the printed alloy can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein. Further references Figure 4D. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles 410 is at least 2 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 3 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 4 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 5 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is at least 10 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 30 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 20 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 15 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 10 nm. In some variants after aging, the average diameter of Al(Zr, Ti)3 particles is less than or equal to 5 nm. The particle diameter may have any variation with the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0052] In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 200 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 225 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 250 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 280 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 300 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 325 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is at least 350 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 450 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 425 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 400 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 380 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 350 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 325 MPa. In some variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is less than or equal to 300 MPa. In certain variations, the yield strength of the aged alloy is between 280 MPa and 380 MPa. The yield strength of the aged alloy can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0053] In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 200 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 225 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 250 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 280 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 300 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 325 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is at least 350 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is less than or equal to 450 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloy is less than or equal to 425 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys is less than or equal to 400 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys is less than or equal to 380 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys is less than or equal to 350 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys is less than or equal to 325 MPa. In some variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys is less than or equal to 300 MPa. In certain variations, the ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys ranges from 280 MPa to 380 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength of the 5000 series alloys can have any combination of the lower and / or upper limits as described herein.

[0054] Figures 5A to 5C The hot crack susceptibility predicted using three separate models for predicting hot cracking in Al-Mg alloys with or without 1.3 wt% Zr was depicted, and the crack susceptibility coefficient was plotted as a function of magnesium percentage. Figure 5A The hot crack sensitivity model of Kou et al. was described. Figure 5B A hot crack sensitivity model for Clyne and Davies was described. Figure 5CA hot cracking susceptibility model by Easton et al. was described. Magnesium ranged from 1.5 wt% to 2.3 wt% (502), corresponding to the amount of Mg in Alloys 1 to 4 in Table 1. In each case, the model predicted that hot tearing would occur with or without 1.3 wt% Zr, provided that Mg ranged from 1.5 wt% to 2.3 wt%. In experiments, the 5000 series alloys, in the absence of Zr or Ti, exhibited thermal tearing in printing applications (see Zhou et al., Additive Manufacturing (28) 485-496 (2019); Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr-modified aluminum alloy T 5083 manufactured by laser powder bed fusion; TW Clyne and GJ Davies: Br. Foundryman, 1981, Vol. 74, pp. 65-73; S. Kou: Acta Materialia Vol. 88, April 15, 2015, pp. 366-374; MA Easton et al.: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 3586 Vol. 45A, July 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).

[0055] The standard 5000 series alloys incorporate elements such as zirconium to reduce their susceptibility to hot tearing, making the alloys printable. Figures 6A to 6F The temperature gradient during curing in LPBF alloys was depicted. A larger temperature gradient corresponds to higher internal stress, which in turn translates to higher crack susceptibility if no residual liquid-filled cracks remain at the end of curing. Materials with large final curing temperature gradients exhibit thermal cracking during curing due to high internal stress. However, the predicted final curing temperature gradient is similar between non-printable conventional Al-Mg alloys (i.e., Zr-free alloys) and experimentally tested Al-Mg alloys (i.e., Zr-containing alloys).

[0056] Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C The temperature as a function of solid mole fraction was plotted for 5K series alloys with 1 wt% Mg, 2 wt% Mg, and 3 wt% Mg, respectively. In the absence of Zr, the 5000 series alloys cannot be printed as described in this paper. Figure 6D , Figure 6E and Figure 6FThe temperature as a function of solid mole fraction was plotted for 5K series alloys containing 1 wt% Mg, 2 wt% Mg and 3 wt% Mg, respectively. These alloys each contain 1.3 wt% Zr and are all printable alloys.

[0057] Figure 7A These are the ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of two different aluminum alloys described in this paper: the first alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Zr, and the second alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.0 wt% Zr. The ultimate tensile strength of the alloy with 1.0 wt% Zr is, on average, less than that of the alloy with 1.2 wt% Zr, but within the range of experimental error between them.

[0058] Figure 7B These are the elongation percentages of the two different aluminum alloys described in this paper: the first alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Zr, and the second alloy has 1.6 wt% Mg and 1.0 wt% Zr. For each alloy, the elongation percentages were measured over a wide range and within the experimental error range between each other.

[0059] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 2.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In some other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 0.95 wt% to 1.05 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

[0060] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.30 wt% to 2.10 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In some other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Si.

[0061] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 2.00 wt% Mg, 1.10 wt% to 1.30 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

[0062] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.30 wt% to 2.10 wt% Mg, 1.10 wt% to 1.30 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In some other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

[0063] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 3.00 wt% to 4.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In some other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 3.50 wt% to 4.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Si.

[0064] In some variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 3.20 wt% to 4.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si. In some other variants, the 5000 series alloys contain 3.40 wt% to 3.80 wt% Mg, 0.95 wt% to 1.05 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe, and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Si.

[0065] color Appearance, including color, gloss, and haze, can be evaluated using standard methods. Assuming the incident light is white, the color of an object can be determined by the wavelength of light that is reflected or transmitted without being absorbed. The visual appearance of an object can vary with light reflection or transmission. Additional appearance attributes can be based on the directional brightness distribution of reflected or transmitted light, often referred to as gloss, shine, dullness, transparency, or haziness. Quantitative evaluations can be performed based on ASTM standards for color and appearance measurements or ASTM E-430 standard test methods for measuring the gloss of high-gloss surfaces (including ASTM D523 (Gloss), ASTM D2457 (Gloss of Plastics), ASTM E430 (Gloss, Haze on High-Gloss Surfaces), and ASTM D5767 (DOI), etc.). Measurements of gloss, haze, and DOI can be performed using testing equipment such as the Rhopoint IQ.

[0066] In some implementations, the color is determined by parameters. L , a and b To quantify, among which L Represents brightness, a Represents a color between red and green and b Represents colors between blue and yellow. For example, high... b The value indicates an unattractive pale yellow, rather than a golden yellow. a and b A value close to zero indicates a neutral color. Low L The value indicates low brightness, while high brightness indicates low brightness. L A value indicates high brightness. For color measurement, testing equipment such as the X-Rite Color i7 XTH and X-Rite Coloreye 7000 can be used. These measurements are based on the illuminator, the observer, and... L a b CIE / ISO standards for color codes. For example, standards include: (a) ISO 11664-1:2007(E) / CIE S 014-1 / E:2006: Joint ISO / CIE Standard: Colorimetry—Part 1: CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer; (b) ISO 11664-2:2007(E) / CIE S 014-2 / E:2006: Joint ISO / CIE Standard: Colorimetry—Part 2: CIE Standard Illuminants for Colorimetry; (c) ISO 11664-3:2012(E) / CIE S 014-3 / E:2011: Joint ISO / CIE Standard: Colorimetry—Part 3: CIE Tricolor Excitation Values; and (d) ISO 11664-4:2008(E) / CIE S 014-4 / E:2007: Joint ISO / CIE Standard: Colorimetry—Part 4: CIE 1976 L a b Color space.

[0067] In various respects, the alloys disclosed herein L It is at least 85. In some cases, the alloy's L It should be at least 90.

[0068] The alloys disclosed in this article can have a neutral color. A neutral color refers to a color that does not deviate from certain values ​​close to 0. a and b In various aspects, a Not less than -0.5. In various aspects, a Not less than -0.25. In various aspects, a Not greater than 0.25. In various aspects, a Not greater than 0.5. In other aspects, a Not less than -0.5 and not greater than 0.5. In other aspects, a Not less than -0.25 and not greater than 0.25.

[0069] In various aspects, b Not less than -2.0. In various aspects, b Not less than -1.75. In various aspects, b Not less than -1.50. In various aspects, b Not less than -1.25. In various aspects, b Not less than -1.0. In various aspects, b Not less than -0.5. In various aspects, b Not less than -0.25. In various aspects, b Not greater than 1.0. In various aspects, b Not greater than 1.25. In various aspects, b Not greater than 1.50. In various aspects, b Not greater than 1.75. In various aspects, b No greater than 2.0. In various aspects, b Not greater than 0.5. In various aspects, b Not greater than 0.25. In other aspects, b Not less than -1.0 and not greater than 1.0. In other aspects, b Not less than -0.5 and not greater than 0.5.

[0070] In various implementations, the alloy can be used as a housing or other part of an electronic device, such as part of the device's casing or housing. The device can include any consumer electronic device, such as a cellular phone, desktop computer, laptop computer, and / or portable music player. The device can be part of a display, such as a digital display, monitor, e-book reader, portable web browser, and computer monitor. The device can also be an entertainment device, including portable DVD players, DVD players, Blu-ray players, video game consoles, or music players, such as portable music players. The device can also be part of a device that provides control, such as controlling the streaming of images, video, or sound, or it can be a remote control for an electronic device. The alloy can be part of a computer or its accessories, such as a hard drive tower casing or housing, a laptop computer casing, a laptop computer keyboard, a laptop computer touchpad, a desktop computer keyboard, a mouse, and speakers. The alloy can also be used in devices such as watches or clocks.

[0071] In various other embodiments, more than one alloy may be used for the device housing. For example, an alloy with enhanced SCC resistance may be placed on the edges of the housing, while an alloy without this difference may be placed in the middle of the housing.

[0072] Several embodiments have been described, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications, alternative structures, and equivalents can be used without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. Furthermore, many well-known processes and elements have not been described to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be considered as limiting the scope of this document.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments disclosed herein are taught by way of example rather than limitation. Therefore, what is included in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative rather than restrictive. The following claims are intended to cover all the general and specific features described herein, and all statements that, in terms of language, fall within the scope of the methods and systems described herein.

Claims

1. A printing 5000 series aluminum alloy, wherein the printing 5000 series aluminum alloy comprises: 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of Mg; Combinations of Zr and Ti ranging from 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt%; The remainder consists of aluminum and associated impurities.

2. The 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing according to claim 1, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing contains 1.5% to 2.5% wt% Mg.

3. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy contains 0.4% to 1.2% Zr.

4. The 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy contains 0.6% to 1.4% Zr and does not contain Ti.

5. The 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy comprises 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Zr and 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Ti.

6. The 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy further comprises less than or equal to 0.20% by weight of Fe.

7. The 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy further comprises less than or equal to 0.10% by weight of Mn.

8. The 5000 series alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 2.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si.

9. The 5000 series alloy according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 0.95 wt% to 1.05 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

10. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.30 wt% to 2.10 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si.

11. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Si.

12. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 2.00 wt% of Mg, 1.10 wt% to 1.30 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Si.

13. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

14. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.30 wt% to 2.10 wt% of Mg, 1.10 wt% to 1.30 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Si.

15. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 1.50 wt% to 1.90 wt% Mg, 1.15 wt% to 1.25 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.1 wt% Si.

16. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 3.00 wt% to 4.00 wt% Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% Si.

17. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 3.50 wt% to 4.00 wt% of Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% of Fe and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Si.

18. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 3.20 wt% to 4.00 wt% of Mg, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Fe and less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Si.

19. The 5000 series alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 5000 series alloy comprises 3.40 wt% to 3.80 wt% Mg, 0.95 wt% to 1.05 wt% Zr, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 wt% Fe and less than or equal to 0.10 wt% Si.

20. The 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the average grain aspect ratio is less than 1.

2.

21. A printing 5000 series aluminum alloy, the printing 5000 series aluminum alloy comprising: 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of Mg; Combinations of Zr and Ti ranging from 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt%, The Zr and Ti are disposed in Al3(Zr,Ti) inoculant particles; The remainder consists of aluminum and associated impurities.

22. The 5000 series aluminum alloy according to claim 21, wherein the 5000 series aluminum alloy contains 1.5% to 2.5% wt% Mg.

23. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy contains 0.4% to 1.2% Zr.

24. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy contains 0.6% to 1.4% by weight of Zr and does not contain Ti.

25. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy comprises 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Zr and 0.55 wt% to 0.75 wt% Ti.

26. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy further comprises less than or equal to 0.20% by weight of Fe.

27. The Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the Printed 5000 Series aluminum alloy further comprises less than or equal to 0.10% by weight of Mn.

28. The printed 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the average Al3(Zr,Ti) particle diameter is 100 nm to 600 nm.

29. The 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing according to claim 28, wherein the yield strength is from 100 MPa to 200 MPa.

30. The printed 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the average Al3(Zr,Ti) particle diameter is 2 nm to 30 nm.

31. The 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing according to claim 30, wherein the yield strength is from 280 MPa to 380 MPa.

32. A method for manufacturing 5000 series aluminum alloy for printing, the method comprising: A precursor composition is deposited on a surface, the precursor composition comprising a combination of 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% Mg, 0.6 wt% to 1.4 wt% Zr and Ti, and the balance being aluminum and incidental impurities; and The precursor composition is subjected to laser irradiation, thereby forming the 5000 series aluminum alloy according to any of the preceding claims.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the Mg, Al, Zr and Ti are in powder form.

34. The method according to claim 32, wherein the Mg, Ti and Al are in powder form and the Zr is in the form of ZrH2.

35. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, the method further comprising thermally aging the printed 5000 series aluminum alloy.

36. A printed part formed from a printed aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 31 or made by the method according to any one of claims 32 to 35.

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