Overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects

Abstract

This invention discloses a spillway dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, comprising a dam body, a sluice gate structure and at least one spillway on the upper part of the dam body, an installation plate for sealing the spillway in the spillway, and a connecting groove in the installation plate; a baffle is slidably installed on either side of the installation plate, and the baffle has an overflow hole; the installation plate is provided with a driving mechanism, which drives the baffle to slide on the installation plate, thereby changing the relative height position of the overflow hole and the connecting groove, and the overflow hole, the connecting groove and the spillway always remain in a connected state; by dynamically adjusting the position of the baffle and the overflow hole in the spillway, continuous and precise control of the overflow water level is achieved; by adjusting the height of the baffle in real time, the relative flow area between the overflow hole and the elongated opening is changed, so that the dam can reduce water discharge and store more water for benefit during small and medium floods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to an overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, spillway dams, as a common type of spillway structure, are mainly used to safely release excess water during floods, preventing reservoir water levels from exceeding design standards. They can also serve as a means of daily discharge and water resource regulation. Currently, common spillway dam structures are typically constructed of concrete or masonry, with fixed overflow channels or spillway openings on the dam body for flood discharge.

[0003] Patent document CN115387290A discloses a conventional overflow dam structure, which includes reinforced walls on both sides of the riverbed, an overflow dam and a buffer dam located upstream between the walls, multiple fixed overflow channels on the overflow dam and buffer dam, and a notch and matching gate mechanism at one end of the dam to achieve tiered flood discharge and reduce water flow impact. Under normal operating conditions, water flow is mainly controlled by the gates of the overflow channels and the notch. Some structures can also be integrated with power generation components to realize water resource utilization.

[0004] However, the existing structure has a significant drawback: the location and overflow height of the spillway are fixed. This means that the dam's discharge capacity and the corresponding upstream water level control range are determined during the design phase and cannot be dynamically adjusted based on actual inflow conditions, downstream flood control requirements, or water storage needs during operation. Specifically, a fixed spillway cannot flexibly cope with flood events of different magnitudes. During small to medium-sized floods, it may lead to unnecessary water release, affecting water storage benefits; while during major floods, insufficient discharge capacity may cause the reservoir water level to rise rapidly, increasing the dam's safety risks. This drawback mainly stems from the static nature of its structural design. The spillway, as a hole directly formed in the dam body, lacks mechanical or control components to adjust its overflow elevation, making it difficult to achieve real-time and precise control of the overflow water level. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome its shortcomings, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to improve the poor water storage efficiency and dam safety risks caused by the inability to adjust the discharge height of existing dams.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: The overflow dam structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project includes a dam body, a sluice gate structure and at least one overflow channel on the upper part of the dam body, an installation plate for sealing the overflow channel is installed in the overflow channel, and the installation plate has a connecting groove; a baffle is slidably installed on either side of the installation plate, and the baffle has an overflow hole; the installation plate is provided with a driving mechanism, which is used to drive the baffle to slide on the installation plate, so that the relative height position of the overflow hole and the connecting groove changes, and the overflow hole, the connecting groove and the overflow channel always remain in a connected state.

[0007] Furthermore, the overflow hole is equipped with a filter assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter assembly includes a connecting pipe detachably connected to the baffle, the connecting pipe being located on the outlet side of the overflow hole and communicating with the overflow hole, and a mesh cover being provided at the end of the connecting pipe away from the overflow hole.

[0009] Furthermore, vertical guide grooves are opened on both sides of the connecting groove, and guide strips are provided at both ends of the baffle, which are respectively slidably engaged with the two guide grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a motor, the drive end of which is connected to a lead screw, and a sliding sleeve is threaded onto the outer side of the lead screw, which is connected to a baffle.

[0011] Furthermore, a worm gear transmission mechanism is installed between the drive end of the motor and the lead screw.

[0012] Furthermore, the sluice gate structure includes a notch in the slab, the size of which is larger than the size of the overflow channel; a gantry frame is installed in the notch, a winch is installed at the upper end of the gantry frame, and the drive end of the winch is connected to a gate plate, the gate plate being raised and lowered to seal and open the notch.

[0013] Furthermore, a migration channel is provided at the bottom of the dam body, and valves are installed in the migration channel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By dynamically adjusting the positions of the baffles and overflow orifices within the overflow channel, continuous and precise control of the overflow water level is achieved. Compared to traditional overflow channels with fixed openings, this structure can adjust the height of the baffles in real time according to the upstream inflow, downstream flood control requirements, and reservoir water storage plans. This changes the relative flow area between the overflow orifice and the elongated passage, allowing the dam to reduce water discharge and increase water storage during small and medium floods, and to quickly lower the baffles to increase the discharge during major floods, greatly improving the flexibility and comprehensive benefits of dam operation.

[0015] The transmission mechanism employs a worm gear and lead screw design, which features excellent self-locking characteristics, ensuring reliable locking of the baffle in any adjustment position. Under external disturbances such as water flow pulsation pressure or vibration, the baffle will not accidentally slide down or float up, guaranteeing the stability of the overflow water level during long-term operation and reducing energy consumption and component wear caused by frequent adjustments.

[0016] A detachable mesh cover is installed on the baffle, which can effectively intercept floating objects such as branches and garbage, prevent the overflow hole from being blocked, and greatly facilitate daily cleaning and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow dam structure in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow dam structure in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the overflow dam structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation relationship between the mounting plate and the baffle in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the worm gear transmission mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the migration channel in this invention; The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-Dam body, 2-Overflow channel, 3-Mounting plate, 4-Connecting channel, 5-Drive mechanism, 6-Baffle, 7-Overflow hole, 8-Net cover, 9-Connecting pipe, 10-Worm gear transmission mechanism, 11-Screw, 12-Reverse channel, 13-Valve, 14-Gantry frame, 15-Winder, 16-Gate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0019] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0020] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0021] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0022] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0023] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0024] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this application proposes a spillway dam structure for a water conservancy and hydropower project, including a dam body 1. The dam body 1 comprises reinforced walls on both sides of the riverbed, an spillway dam, and a buffer dam. The reinforced walls provide support for both banks, and the spillway dam is integrated with the upstream buffer dam to form an impact-resistant main body. The upper part of the dam body 1 is equipped with a sluice gate structure and at least one spillway 2. The spillway 2 serves as the main water discharge channel, and the sluice gate structure is used to assist in flood discharge and peak reduction. The spillway 2 and the sluice gate structure cooperate with each other to ensure the optimal water discharge scheme. An installation plate 3 for sealing the overflow channel 2 is provided in the overflow channel 2. The installation plate 3 has a connecting groove 4. A baffle 6 is slidably installed on either side of the installation plate 3. The baffle 6 has an overflow hole 7. The installation plate 3 is provided with a driving mechanism 5. The driving mechanism 5 is used to drive the baffle 6 to slide on the installation plate 3, so that the relative height position of the overflow hole 7 and the connecting groove 4 changes, and the overflow hole 7, the connecting groove 4 and the overflow channel 2 always remain in a connected state. In the actual adjustment process, the baffle 6 is driven to move in the connecting groove 4 by the driving mechanism 5, so that the height position of the overflow hole 7 changes, thereby adjusting the overflow height, thereby changing the cross-sectional area and the effective overflow bottom sill elevation, and realizing stepless adjustment of the discharge capacity.

[0026] First, it should be stated that by dynamically adjusting the positions of the baffle 6 and the overflow hole 7 inside the overflow channel 2, continuous and precise control of the overflow water level is achieved. Compared with the traditional overflow channel 2 with a fixed opening, this structure can adjust the height of the baffle 6 in real time according to the upstream water volume, downstream flood control requirements, and reservoir water storage plan, thereby changing the relative flow area between the overflow hole 7 and the elongated passage. This allows the dam to reduce water discharge and store more water for benefit during small and medium floods, and to quickly lower the baffle 6 to increase the discharge during major floods, greatly improving the flexibility and comprehensive benefits of dam operation.

[0027] The aforementioned baffle 6 and mounting plate 3 are slidably arranged relative to each other, and a sliding sealing structure is provided between them to prevent water leakage from the connection. In addition, in order to ensure that the overflow hole 7 is not blocked by debris during the process of water overflowing from the upstream side to the downstream side, the overflow hole 7 is provided with a filter assembly. The filter assembly can be a filter screen, but for further convenience of disassembly and cleaning, the filter assembly includes a connecting pipe 9 detachably connected to the baffle 6. The connecting pipe 9 is located on the water outlet side of the overflow hole 7 and communicates with the overflow hole 7. A mesh cover 8 is provided at the end of the connecting pipe 9 away from the overflow hole 7. The mesh cover 8 blocks the debris on the upstream side. The debris can be cleaned and reinstalled after the mesh cover 8 is removed. The installation structure of the mesh cover 8 includes a bolt structure evenly spaced along the circumference of the mesh cover 8. The mesh cover 8 is stably installed on the connecting pipe 9 by the bolt structure to ensure installation strength and facilitate disassembly.

[0028] The sliding connection structure between the mounting plate 3 and the baffle 6 can be a surface contact sliding structure. However, in order to reduce the contact area and improve the sealing performance, vertical guide grooves are opened on both sides of the connecting groove 4. Guide strips that slide with the two guide grooves are provided at both ends of the baffle 6. This design, similar to a sliding door frame, can ensure that the sliding contact area is reduced as much as possible, while achieving a stable guiding effect, so that the baffle 6 can achieve a vertical lifting effect along the vertical direction of the guide groove.

[0029] The drive mechanism 5 can be an existing hydraulic or pneumatic telescopic structure, or an electric telescopic rod. In order to simplify the structure and reduce costs, the drive mechanism 5 includes a motor. The drive end of the motor is connected to the lead screw 11. A sliding sleeve is threaded onto the outside of the lead screw 11. The sliding sleeve is connected to the baffle 6. This structure provides stable drive, is simple in structure, and is easy to maintain.

[0030] In addition, to further improve transmission stability, a worm gear transmission mechanism 10 is installed between the drive end of the motor and the lead screw 11. The rotation of the drive end of the motor drives the worm to rotate, which in turn drives the worm wheel to rotate. The worm wheel connects to the lead screw 11, ensuring stable rotation of the lead screw 11 and driving the baffle 6 to achieve a stable lifting and lowering effect. Through the cooperation of the worm gear transmission mechanism 10, the meshing relationship of the worm gear is ensured after the motor stops, guaranteeing that the position of the baffle 6 will not change, thus improving operational stability. The transmission mechanism, using the worm gear transmission mechanism 10 in conjunction with the lead screw 11 and the sliding sleeve, has excellent self-locking characteristics, allowing the baffle 6 to be reliably locked in any adjustment position. Under external disturbances such as water flow pulsation pressure or vibration, the baffle 6 will not accidentally slide down or float up, ensuring the stability of the overflow water level during long-term operation and reducing energy consumption and component wear caused by frequent adjustments.

[0031] The sluice gate structure includes a notch in the slab body, the size of which is larger than the size of the overflow channel 2. A gantry frame 14 is installed in the notch, and a winch 15 is installed at the upper end of the gantry frame 14. The drive end of the winch 15 is connected to a gate plate 16. The raising and lowering of the gate plate 16 can seal and open the notch. By controlling the raising and lowering of the gate plate 16, the notch can become a channel for auxiliary flood discharge and peak shaving and scour reduction. When adjusting the overflow orifice 7 alone cannot meet the flood discharge requirements, the winch 15 can be operated to raise the gate plate 16, open the notch, form an additional flood discharge channel, significantly increase the discharge capacity, and effectively disperse the impact force of the water flow on the dam body 1.

[0032] A migration channel 12 is provided at the bottom of the dam body 1. A valve 13 is installed in the migration channel 12. During non-flood seasons or specific periods, the valve 13 in the migration channel 12 can be opened remotely or manually to provide a passage for fish to cross the dam and meet ecological needs.

[0033] In summary, this invention proposes a spillway dam structure for hydraulic and hydropower projects. By dynamically adjusting the position of the baffle 6 within the spillway 2, continuous and precise control of the overflow water level is achieved. Compared to the traditional fixed-opening spillway 2, this structure can adjust the height of the baffle 6 in real time according to the upstream inflow, downstream flood control requirements, and reservoir storage plan. This changes the relative flow area between the overflow orifice 7 and the elongated passage, allowing the dam to reduce water discharge and maximize water storage during small to medium floods, and to rapidly lower the baffle 6 to increase discharge during major floods, greatly improving the dam's operational flexibility and overall benefits. The transmission mechanism employs a worm gear transmission mechanism 10 combined with a lead screw 11 and a sliding sleeve, exhibiting excellent self-locking characteristics, ensuring reliable locking of the baffle 6 at any adjustment position. Under external disturbances such as water flow pulsation pressure or vibration, the baffle 6 will not accidentally slide down or float up, ensuring the stability of the overflow water level during long-term operation and reducing energy consumption and component wear caused by frequent adjustments. The baffle 6 is equipped with a quick-detachable mesh cover 8, which can effectively intercept floating objects such as branches and garbage, prevent the overflow hole 7 from becoming clogged, and greatly facilitate daily cleaning and maintenance. It integrates multiple auxiliary functions, further enhancing the overall efficiency and environmental friendliness of the structure. The sluice gate mechanism (gap, support frame, winch 15, and gate 16) at one end of the dam body 1 can serve as an auxiliary channel for large-scale flood discharge. When the flood exceeds the capacity of the main overflow system, the gate 16 can be quickly opened to form an additional flood discharge channel, effectively dispersing the impact of the water flow on the dam body 1 and extending the life of the dam body 1. The migratory channel 12 and valve 13 at the bottom of the overflow dam can be opened remotely or manually during non-flood seasons or specific periods, allowing aquatic organisms such as fish to cross the dam and meeting ecological needs. These auxiliary functions work in conjunction with the main overflow regulation unit, reflecting the comprehensive optimization design concept of water conservancy projects under multiple objectives of flood control safety, structural protection, and ecological restoration. Furthermore, the adjustable overflow units in overflow channel 2 adopt a modular pre-embedded installation method. The housings of the mounting plate 3, baffle 6, screw rod 11, and drive mechanism 5 within each overflow channel 2 can be independently manufactured, pre-installed, and replaced, with no interference between the units. During construction, the lower concrete is poured first to fix the channel, and the upper concrete is poured after the baffle 6 is installed, ensuring installation accuracy and structural integrity. This modular design not only reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and on-site installation but also facilitates later troubleshooting and rapid component replacement, conforming to the development trend of modern water conservancy engineering prefabricated construction and low-cost maintenance throughout the entire life cycle.

Claims

1. An overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects, comprising a dam body (1), a sluice structure and at least one overflow channel (2) being arranged at the upper part of the dam body (1), characterized in that, An installation plate (3) for sealing the overflow channel (2) is provided in the overflow channel (2). The installation plate (3) has a connecting groove (4). A baffle (6) is slidably provided on either side of the installation plate (3). The baffle (6) has an overflow hole (7). The installation plate (3) is provided with a driving mechanism (5). The driving mechanism (5) is used to drive the baffle (6) to slide on the installation plate (3), so that the relative height position of the overflow hole (7) and the connecting groove (4) changes, and the overflow hole (7), the connecting groove (4) and the overflow channel (2) always remain in a connected state.

2. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow hole (7) is equipped with a filter component.

3. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filter assembly includes a connecting pipe (9) detachably connected to the baffle (6). The connecting pipe (9) is located on the water outlet side of the overflow hole (7) and coaxially connected to the overflow hole (7). A mesh cover (8) is provided at the end of the connecting pipe (9) away from the overflow hole (7).

4. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Vertical guide grooves are opened on both sides of the connecting groove (4), and guide strips that slide with the two guide grooves are provided at both ends of the baffle (6).

5. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (5) includes a motor, the drive end of which is connected to a lead screw (11), and a sliding sleeve is threaded onto the outside of the lead screw (11), which is connected to a baffle (6).

6. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, A worm gear transmission mechanism (10) is provided between the drive end of the motor and the lead screw (11).

7. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sluice gate structure includes a gap in the dam body (1), the size of which is larger than the size of the overflow channel (2); a gantry frame (14) is installed in the gap, and a winch (15) is installed at the upper end of the gantry frame (14). The drive end of the winch (15) is connected to a gate plate (16), and the gate plate (16) is raised and lowered to block and open the gap.

8. The overflow dam structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A migration channel (12) is provided at the bottom of the dam body (1), and a valve (13) is installed in the migration channel (12).

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