Multifunctional staggered baffle new fishway structure and design method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a novel fishway structure with a multifunctional staggered baffle and its design method. The structure includes a fishway channel, which is a U-shaped or rectangular concrete structure. The bottom of the fishway channel is equipped with an anti-scouring bottom protection layer and a roughness adjustment layer. An staggered baffle system comprises multiple baffles arranged longitudinally along the two side walls of the fishway channel to form an S-shaped meandering water flow channel. This invention, through the staggered baffles forming an S-shaped water flow channel, generates complex flow patterns such as spiral flow, backflow zone, and shear layer. Combined with layered energy dissipation holes, the flow pattern richness is increased by 3-5 times compared to traditional straight-plate baffles, meeting the migratory needs of fish with different habits. Relying on a three-stage energy dissipation mechanism of water flow turning, diversion, and hydraulic jump, the single-stage drop can be increased by 30-50% under the same head difference, effectively shortening the fishway length and reducing the project's land occupation and investment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of water conservancy engineering and ecological protection technology, and in particular to a novel fishway structure with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of water conservancy projects such as dams and sluices has disrupted river continuity, severely impacting the survival and reproduction of migratory fish. Fishways, as a key engineering measure for restoring river connectivity, have become a core direction in ecological water conservancy research due to their structural optimization and functional enhancement. Existing fishways are mainly divided into three types: pool-type, trough-type, and eco-friendly. Pool-type fishways use partitions to create pools for energy dissipation, which can slow down flow, but suffers from limitations such as complex structure, large footprint, and difficulty in controlling hydraulic conditions. Trough-type fishways have a simple structure but face difficulties in flow velocity control and require excessively high swimming abilities from fish. Eco-friendly fishways closely resemble natural riverbed morphology and offer excellent fish passage, but are significantly constrained by terrain and require high engineering investment, making widespread adoption difficult.

[0003] Traditional baffle-type fishways (such as the Daniel fishway) mostly use vertical or staggered straight baffles. Although they are easy to construct, they still have many drawbacks: the water flow patterns are monotonous and lack variety, making it impossible to adapt to the migratory preferences of different fish species; the energy dissipation efficiency is limited, and it is difficult to stably control the flow velocity within the suitable range for fish under high head difference conditions; there is a lack of necessary resting areas, and long-distance migrating fish are prone to excessive fatigue; it is difficult to adapt to the diverse fish passage needs brought about by water level fluctuations and seasonal changes; the operation and management mode is extensive, lacking real-time monitoring and intelligent control methods, and the function is singular, unable to take into account the ecological needs of fish passage, sediment passage, and water purification. Problems such as severe local turbulence and the development of backflow zones further restrict the efficiency of fish passage and ecological adaptability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new fishway structures with optimized structure, integrated functions, and strong adaptability to operating conditions to improve energy dissipation for fish passage and protect aquatic biodiversity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings mentioned above by providing a novel multifunctional interlaced guide plate fishway structure and its design method.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a novel fishway structure with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles, comprising: Fishway channel body, wherein the fishway channel body is a U-shaped or rectangular cross-section concrete structure, the bottom of the fishway channel body is provided with an anti-erosion bottom protection, and the bottom of the fishway channel body is provided with a roughness adjustment layer laid on the anti-erosion bottom protection. An interlaced flow guide baffle system, comprising multiple flow guide baffles, which are arranged interlaced along the longitudinal direction of the fishway on both sides of the fishway channel to form an S-shaped meandering water flow channel; The three-stage energy dissipation system includes energy dissipation holes disposed on multiple flow guide baffles to achieve three-stage energy dissipation of water flow; A resting pool system, comprising resting pools installed on fishway channels to provide fish with secluded resting places; A flow rate regulating device, comprising an adjustable overflow weir and a gate, for regulating the flow rate, wherein the adjustable overflow weir is disposed at the top of the flow guide baffle and the gate is disposed at the energy dissipation hole; The intelligent monitoring system includes a flow velocity sensor, a water level sensor, an underwater camera, and a data analysis terminal. The flow velocity sensor, water level sensor, and underwater camera are all installed in the fish passage channel to monitor the flow velocity, water level, and fish population. The data analysis terminal is used to analyze various data. A fish passage assist system, which is used to assist fish in passing through.

[0006] Furthermore, the roughness adjustment layer is paved with pebbles, gravel, or artificial fish nest bricks, with a roughness coefficient of 0.025-0.045.

[0007] Furthermore, the flow guide baffle is a reinforced concrete structure or a precast concrete structure, with a height of 0.6-0.9 times the designed water depth of the fishway and a thickness of 150-300mm. The water-facing surface of the flow guide baffle is streamlined or elliptical, and the water-repellent surface is a vertical plane or a gentle slope. The angle between the flow guide baffle and the side wall is 30°-60°, and the spacing between adjacent baffles is 0.8-1.5 times the width of the fishway.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy dissipation holes are arranged in 2-4 layers along the vertical direction, with the hole diameter decreasing from bottom to top. The bottom layer energy dissipation hole diameter is 150-300mm, the middle layer energy dissipation hole diameter is 100-200mm, and the top layer energy dissipation hole diameter is 50-100mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the resting pool is set every 3-5 flow guide baffles, and the width of the resting pool is 1.5-2.5 times the width of the main body of the fishway, and the depth is 1.2-1.8 times the depth of the main body of the fishway; The bottom of the resting pool is provided with a matrix layer, which is a bed of pebbles or gravel. The pool wall is provided with a gentle slope entrance and exit, and the slope of the gentle slope entrance and exit is 1:3 to 1:5. The resting pool is provided with an ecologically simulated concealment structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjustable overflow weir is a hydraulic lifting or mechanical lifting structure with an adjustable height of 0-500mm, and the gate is a plug-in or rotary structure used to adjust the opening of the energy dissipation hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring system also includes a fish identification module, an automatic early warning module, and a remote control module; The fish identification module performs AI recognition based on underwater camera images; The automatic early warning module is used to automatically alarm when the flow rate, water level, or fish are stuck. The remote control module is used to remotely control the flow rate regulating device.

[0012] Furthermore, the auxiliary fish passage system includes a fish-attracting water flow system, a light-guiding system, and an odor-inducing system; The fish-attracting water flow system is a pulse-type water spray pipe installed at the entrance of the fish passage; The light guidance system is a light-transmitting cover plate installed at the top of the fishway or artificial lighting; The odor-inducing system is a pheromone releaser installed upstream of the fishway to release pheromones into the fishway.

[0013] A design method for a novel fishway structure with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles, comprising any one of the aforementioned novel fishway structures with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles, wherein the method is as follows: S1: Ecological needs analysis of the target fish species to determine their swimming ability, jumping ability, and behavioral characteristics; S2: Calculate hydraulic parameters, including the longitudinal slope, cross-sectional dimensions, and spacing of the fish passage based on the water level difference between upstream and downstream and the fish flow rate. S3: Baffle arrangement optimization, using CFD numerical simulation to optimize the stagger angle, spacing and height of the flow guide baffles; S4: Energy dissipation hole design, design the number of layers, pore size and distribution of energy dissipation holes according to flow requirements; S5: Resting pool configuration, the spacing and size of the resting pools are determined based on the fish's continuous swimming ability; S6: Regulating system configuration, with flow rate regulating devices configured according to water level fluctuations and fish passage season; S7: Monitoring system layout, with sensors and camera equipment arranged according to the length of the fishway and key sections.

[0014] Furthermore, the CFD numerical simulation in step S3 includes: A1: Establish a three-dimensional turbulence model to simulate the flow field distribution under different baffle arrangements; A2: Analyze velocity gradient, vorticity distribution, and turbulence intensity; A3: The optimization goals are: the mainstream flow velocity should not exceed 80% of the target fish's limit flow velocity, the rest area flow velocity should not exceed 50% of the cruising flow velocity, and dead zones with flow velocities greater than 1.5 m / s should be eliminated.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: 1. Diverse flow patterns, suitable for multiple fish species: The staggered flow guide baffles form an S-shaped water flow channel, generating complex flow patterns such as spiral flow, backflow zone, and shear layer. Combined with layered energy dissipation holes, the richness of flow patterns is increased by 3-5 times compared with traditional straight-plate baffles, which can meet the migration needs of fish with different habits.

[0016] 2. Three-stage energy dissipation, high efficiency, energy saving and land saving: Relying on the three-stage energy dissipation mechanism of water flow turning, diversion and water jump, the single-stage drop can be increased by 30-50% under the same head difference, effectively shortening the length of the fishway and reducing the land occupation and investment of the project.

[0017] 3. Resting and buffering, improving passage rate: Resting pools are set up every 3-5 partitions, reducing the flow rate in the pools to 30-50% of that in the main channel and providing hiding places, which increases the passage rate of long-distance migrating fish by more than 40%.

[0018] 4. Stepless control, adaptable to all working conditions: The flow velocity can be continuously controlled through the adjustable overflow weir and energy dissipation gate, adapting to water level fluctuations and seasonal fish passage requirements.

[0019] 5. Intelligent operation and maintenance, unmanned management: Equipped with an intelligent monitoring system, it realizes real-time perception of operating status, AI fish recognition and automatic early warning, improving management efficiency.

[0020] 6. Eco-friendly and modular construction: The structure adopts a prefabricated assembly mode, which is convenient for construction and low in maintenance costs. At the same time, the ecological design of the rest pool can simulate the natural river environment, promote the restoration of the aquatic ecosystem, and achieve the coordinated development of engineering and ecology. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0022] In the picture: 1. Fishway tank body; 11. Anti-erosion bottom protection; 12. Roughness adjustment layer; 2. Staggered baffle system; 21. Baffle; 3. Three-stage energy dissipation system; 31. Energy dissipation holes; 4. Resting pool system; 41. Resting pool; 411. Matrix layer; 412. Gentle slope entrance / exit; 413. Ecologically simulated concealed structure; 5. Flow rate regulating device; 51. Adjustable overflow weir; 52. Gate; 6. Intelligent monitoring system; 61. Flow velocity sensor; 62. Water level sensor; 63. Underwater camera; 64. Data analysis terminal; 65. Fish identification module; 66. Automatic early warning module; 67. Remote control module; 7. Fish passage auxiliary system; 71. Fish attraction water flow system; 72. Light guidance system; 73. Odor induction system. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-3 This invention discloses a novel fishway structure with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles, comprising: Fishway 1, which is a U-shaped or rectangular cross-section concrete structure, serves as the core load-bearing base of the entire fishway system, providing a continuous and enclosed passage for fish migration. The bottom of the fishway trough 1 is equipped with an anti-scouring bottom protection 11 to resist the erosion and damage of the bottom of the trough by high-speed water flow and silt, and to prevent the bottom of the trough from becoming pitted or collapsed after long-term operation. The bottom of the fishway trough 1 is equipped with a roughness adjustment layer 12 laid on the anti-scouring bottom protection 11. The roughness adjustment layer 12 is set to regulate the bottom water flow resistance and near-bottom flow state, reduce the bottom water flow velocity, and adapt to the low flow velocity passage needs of bottom-dwelling fish. At the same time, the roughness adjustment layer 12 is paved with pebbles, gravel or artificial fish nest bricks with a roughness coefficient of 0.025-0.045. The rough surface of the pebbles, gravel or artificial fish nest bricks can form a small slow flow zone, providing temporary shelter for small fish, and at the same time simulating the natural riverbed matrix to improve the ecological affinity of the fishway. By changing the paving materials with different roughness coefficients, the needs of different fish species can be adapted.

[0025] The staggered flow guide baffle system 2 includes multiple flow guide baffles 21, which are staggered along the longitudinal direction of the fishway on both sides of the fishway channel 1 to form an S-shaped meandering water flow channel. The S-shaped water channel enables the water flow to turn and decelerate, and provides the basic conditions for the energy dissipation system. At the same time, it separates the water flow to form diverse flow velocity zones to meet the passage choices of fish with different water layers and different swimming abilities. The flow guide baffle 21 is a reinforced concrete or precast concrete structure with a height of 0.6-0.9 times the design water depth of the fishway and a thickness of 150-300mm. The water-facing surface of the flow guide baffle 21 is streamlined or elliptical, while the water-repellent surface is a vertical plane or a gentle slope. The angle between the flow guide baffle 21 and the side wall is 30°-60°, and the spacing between adjacent baffles is 0.8-1.5 times the width of the fishway. The streamlined water-facing surface can reduce water flow resistance and noise, and reduce stress response in fish.

[0026] The three-stage energy dissipation system 3 includes energy dissipation holes 31 set on multiple flow guide baffles 21 to achieve three-stage energy dissipation of water flow, thereby effectively shortening the length of the fishway and reducing the project's land occupation and investment. The energy dissipation holes 31 are arranged in 2-4 layers along the vertical direction, with the hole diameter decreasing from bottom to top. The bottom layer energy dissipation holes 31 have a hole diameter of 150-300mm, the middle layer energy dissipation holes 31 have a hole diameter of 100-200mm, and the top layer energy dissipation holes 31 have a hole diameter of 50-100mm. The gradient hole diameter, which is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, is adapted to the flow velocity distribution of the upper and lower layers of the water. The large hole diameter at the bottom layer meets the needs of large flow rate and bottom fish passage, while the small hole diameter at the top layer enhances the energy dissipation effect.

[0027] The resting pool system 4 includes a resting pool 41 installed on the fishway trough 1 to provide a secluded place for fish to rest. The resting pool 41 can provide a resting place for fish that migrate long distances. Resting pools 41 are set every 3-5 flow guide baffles 21, and the width of the resting pool 41 is 1.5-2.5 times the width of the main body of the fishway, and the depth is 1.2-1.8 times the depth of the main body of the fishway. The setting of multiple resting pools 41 can separate different fish groups and avoid mutual interference. The bottom of the resting pool 41 is provided with a matrix layer 411, which is a bed of pebbles or gravel. The matrix layer 411 is used to simulate the natural riverbed bottom environment, improve the ecological simulation, and reduce the unfamiliar stress response of fish. The resting pool 41 has a gentle slope entrance 412 on its wall, and the slope of the gentle slope entrance 412 is 1:3 to 1:5. The design of the gentle slope entrance 412 allows fish to enter and exit the resting pool 41 without obstacles. At the same time, the two-way gentle slope structure does not block the continuity of water flow and ensures the circulation of water in the pool. The resting pool 41 is provided with an ecologically simulated hiding structure 413, thereby providing a safe and hidden shelter space for fish.

[0028] The flow rate regulating device 5 includes an adjustable overflow weir 51 and a gate 52, which are used to regulate the flow rate, thereby meeting different usage requirements. An adjustable overflow weir 51 is set on the top of the flow guide baffle 21. The adjustable overflow weir 51 is a hydraulic lifting type or a mechanical lifting type structure, with an adjustable height of 0-500mm. The design of the adjustable overflow weir 51 realizes the adjustment of the overflow height and the surface water flow velocity to meet the migration needs of different upper-layer fish. The gate 52 is located at the energy dissipation hole 31. The gate 52 is a plug-in type or a rotary type structure, used to adjust the opening degree of the energy dissipation hole 31. By adjusting the opening degree, the flow rate and energy dissipation can be flexibly controlled.

[0029] The intelligent monitoring system 6 includes a flow velocity sensor 61, a water level sensor 62, an underwater camera 63, and a data analysis terminal 64. The flow velocity sensor 61, the water level sensor 62, and the underwater camera 63 are all installed in the fishway trough 1 to monitor the flow velocity, water level, and fish populations, and to collect various types of data. The data analysis terminal 64 is used to analyze various types of data to provide data support for fishway optimization and ecological research. The intelligent monitoring system 6 also includes a fish identification module 65, an automatic early warning module 66, and a remote control module 67; The fish recognition module 65 performs AI recognition based on the images from the underwater camera 63 and transmits the data to the data analysis terminal 64 for data analysis to calculate the fish passage rate. The automatic early warning module 66 is used to automatically alarm when the flow rate, water level, or fish stagnation occurs, so as to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to deal with it in time, avoid fish injury and death, equipment damage, and ensure the safe operation of the system. The remote control module 67 is used to remotely control the flow rate regulating device 5, enabling wireless remote control of the equipment without on-site supervision, and remotely adjusting the overflow weir height and gate opening 52, adapting to the unmanned operation and maintenance needs of remote water conservancy hubs.

[0030] The fish passage system 7 is used to assist fish in passing through, solving the problems of fish having difficulty entering and finding their way in traditional fish passages. It actively guides fish into the fish passage, greatly improving the efficiency of fish passage. The fish passage system 7 includes a fish-attracting water flow system 71, a light guidance system 72, and an odor-inducing system 73. The fish-attracting water flow system 71 is a pulsed water jet pipe installed at the entrance of the fishway. It simulates the natural runoff signal through pulsed water flow and takes advantage of the fish's tendency to follow the flow to form a directional guiding water flow at the entrance of the fishway. The light guidance system 72 is a light-transmitting cover or artificial lighting installed at the top of the fishway. It relies on soft lighting and a light-transmitting structure to adapt to the phototaxis of fish and improve the efficiency of fish passage. The odor induction system 73 is a pheromone releaser installed upstream of the fishway to release pheromones into the fishway, thereby inducing fish to migrate upstream through chemical signals and further improving the fish passage rate.

[0031] Through the above structural design, the integration of fish passage function, ecological protection, engineering economy, and intelligent operation and maintenance is achieved through the integrated design and structural innovation of seven major systems. This not only solves the ecological pain point of water conservancy projects blocking fish migration, but also takes into account the construction cost and operation and maintenance convenience. It is suitable for large-scale application of various river dam water conservancy projects, taking into account both ecological and engineering benefits.

[0032] A design method for a novel multifunctional staggered guide baffle fishway structure is as follows: S1: Ecological needs analysis of the target fish species to determine their swimming ability, jumping ability, and behavioral characteristics; S2: Calculate hydraulic parameters, including the longitudinal slope, cross-sectional dimensions, and spacing of the fish passage based on the water level difference between upstream and downstream and the fish flow rate. S3: Baffle arrangement optimization, CFD numerical simulation is used to optimize the stagger angle, spacing and height of the flow guide baffle 21; S4: Energy dissipation hole design, design the number of layers, pore size and distribution of energy dissipation holes 31 according to flow requirements; S5: Resting pool configuration, the spacing and size of the resting pools 41 are determined based on the fish's continuous swimming ability; S6: Regulating system configuration, the flow rate regulating device 5 is configured according to the water level fluctuation and the fish passage season; S7: Monitoring system layout, with sensors and camera equipment arranged according to the length of the fishway and key sections.

[0033] The CFD numerical simulation described in step S3 includes: A1: Establish a three-dimensional turbulence model to simulate the flow field distribution under different baffle arrangements; A2: Analyze velocity gradient, vorticity distribution, and turbulence intensity; A3: The optimization goals are: the mainstream flow velocity should not exceed 80% of the target fish's limit flow velocity, the rest area flow velocity should not exceed 50% of the cruising flow velocity, and dead zones with flow velocities greater than 1.5 m / s should be eliminated.

[0034] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0035] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0036] Additionally, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional staggered guide-baffled novel fishway structure, characterized in that, include: Fishway trough (1), the fishway trough (1) is a U-shaped or rectangular cross-section concrete structure, the bottom of the fishway trough (1) is provided with an anti-erosion bottom protection (11), and the bottom of the fishway trough (1) is provided with a roughness adjustment layer (12) laid on the anti-erosion bottom protection (11). The staggered flow guide baffle system (2) includes multiple flow guide baffles (21), which are staggered along the longitudinal direction of the fishway on both sides of the fishway channel (1) to form an S-shaped meandering water flow channel; The three-stage energy dissipation system (3) includes energy dissipation holes (31) disposed on multiple flow guide baffles (21) to achieve three-stage energy dissipation of water flow; The resting pool system (4) includes a resting pool (41) set on the fishway trough (1) to provide a secluded place for fish to rest; The flow rate regulating device (5) includes an adjustable overflow weir (51) and a gate (52) to regulate the flow rate. The adjustable overflow weir (51) is located on the top of the flow guide baffle (21), and the gate (52) is located at the energy dissipation hole (31). The intelligent monitoring system (6) includes a flow velocity sensor (61), a water level sensor (62), an underwater camera (63), and a data analysis terminal (64). The flow velocity sensor (61), the water level sensor (62), and the underwater camera (63) are all installed in the fish passage tank (1) to monitor the flow velocity, water level, and fish. The data analysis terminal (64) is used to analyze various data. A fish passage assist system (7) is used to assist fish in passing through.

2. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roughness adjustment layer (12) is paved with pebbles, gravel or artificial fish nest bricks, with a roughness coefficient of 0.025-0.

045.

3. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide baffle (21) is a reinforced concrete structure or a precast concrete structure, with a height of 0.6-0.9 times the design water depth of the fishway and a thickness of 150-300mm. The water-facing surface of the flow guide baffle (21) is streamlined or elliptical, and the water-repellent surface is a vertical plane or a gentle slope. The angle between the flow guide baffle (21) and the side wall is 30°-60°, and the distance between adjacent baffles is 0.8-1.5 times the width of the fishway.

4. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy dissipation holes (31) are arranged in 2-4 layers along the vertical direction, with the hole diameter decreasing from bottom to top. The bottom layer energy dissipation holes (31) have a hole diameter of 150-300mm, the middle layer energy dissipation holes (31) have a hole diameter of 100-200mm, and the top layer energy dissipation holes (31) have a hole diameter of 50-100mm.

5. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resting pool (41) is set at intervals of 3-5 flow guide baffles (21), and the width of the resting pool (41) is 1.5-2.5 times the width of the main body of the fishway, and the depth is 1.2-1.8 times the depth of the main body of the fishway; The bottom of the rest pool (41) is provided with a matrix layer (411), which is a bed of pebbles or gravel. The walls of the rest pool (41) are provided with a gentle slope entrance (412), and the slope of the gentle slope entrance (412) is 1:3 to 1:

5. The rest pool (41) is provided with an ecologically simulated concealed structure (413).

6. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable overflow weir (51) is a hydraulic lifting or mechanical lifting structure with an adjustable height of 0-500mm. The gate (52) is a plug-in or rotary structure used to adjust the opening of the energy dissipation hole (31).

7. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring system (6) also includes a fish identification module (65), an automatic early warning module (66), and a remote control module (67). The fish identification module (65) performs AI identification based on images from the underwater camera (63); The automatic early warning module (66) is used to automatically alarm when the flow rate, water level is abnormal or fish are stuck. The remote control module (67) is used to remotely control the flow rate regulating device (5).

8. The multi-functional staggered guide baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary fish passage system (7) includes a fish-attracting water flow system (71), a light guiding system (72), and an odor-inducing system (73). The fish-attracting water flow system (71) is a pulse-type water spray pipe installed at the entrance of the fish passage; The light guidance system (72) is a light-transmitting cover plate or artificial lighting installed at the top of the fishway; The odor-inducing system (73) is a pheromone releaser located upstream of the fishway to release pheromones into the fishway.

9. A design method of a multifunctional staggered walled novel fishway structure, characterized by comprising the steps of: Including a novel fishway structure with multifunctional interlaced guide baffles as described in any one of claims 1-8, the method includes the following steps: S1: Ecological needs analysis of the target fish species to determine their swimming ability, jumping ability, and behavioral characteristics; S2: Calculate hydraulic parameters, including the longitudinal slope, cross-sectional dimensions, and spacing of the fish passage based on the water level difference between upstream and downstream and the fish flow rate. S3: Optimize the arrangement of baffles. Use CFD numerical simulation to optimize the staggered angle, spacing and height of the flow guide baffles (21); S4: Energy dissipation hole design, design the number of layers, pore size and distribution of energy dissipation holes (31) according to the flow regime requirements; S5: Resting pool configuration, the spacing and size of the resting pools (41) are determined according to the fish’s continuous swimming ability; S6: Regulating system configuration, the flow rate regulating device (5) is configured according to the water level fluctuation and the fish passage season. S7: Monitoring system layout, with sensors and camera equipment arranged according to the length of the fishway and key sections.

10. The method for designing a multi-functional staggered-baffle novel fishway structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The CFD numerical simulation in step S3 includes: A1: Establish a three-dimensional turbulence model to simulate the flow field distribution under different baffle arrangements; A2: Analyze velocity gradient, vorticity distribution, and turbulence intensity; A3: The optimization goals are: the mainstream flow velocity should not exceed 80% of the target fish's limit flow velocity, the rest area flow velocity should not exceed 50% of the cruising flow velocity, and dead zones with flow velocities greater than 1.5 m / s should be eliminated.

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