A shield tunneling machine is provided with a box body for remote monitoring of the wear of a shield tunneling machine cutter and stable transmission of signals

Abstract

This invention proposes a remote monitoring system for cutterhead wear in tunnel boring machines (TBMs), including a supporting housing and stable signal transmission. The equipment comprises, from the inside out, heat-insulating and vibration-damping pads, a housing body, a housing cover, front and rear mudguards, and a wear gap compensation spring device. Non-destructive mounting is achieved by extending the cutterhead housing pressure block bolts. The monitoring scheme places the wireless antenna within a non-metallic protective cover at the outrigger, forming a close-range through-beam path with the gateway mounted on the bearing seat. This application utilizes the spring device to automatically lower rubber blocks to fill gaps as the cutterhead wears, effectively blocking high-pressure mud and water penetration. Furthermore, by optimizing wiring and through-beam transmission, the metal shielding effect is avoided, achieving real-time and stable online monitoring of the cutterhead wear status under extremely harsh working conditions. This significantly reduces the risks and maintenance costs associated with opening the hatch for cutterhead replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) equipment technology, and in particular to a TBM with a supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutter wear and stable signal transmission. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are increasingly widely used in urban infrastructure projects. During TBM tunneling, the cutterhead continuously cuts the soil ahead. As the core component that directly contacts the object being cut, cutter wear is a particularly prominent and frequent problem. If abnormal wear fails to be detected in time, it can easily lead to cutter failure or even damage to the cutterhead body, thereby causing serious construction safety risks. Currently, traditional cutter inspection mainly relies on manual opening of the cutter head. However, opening the cutter head for inspection is not only cumbersome and involves a dangerous working environment, but it also causes the TBM to be shut down for extended periods, significantly reducing construction efficiency.

[0003] Although some remote monitoring solutions for tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutterheads have emerged in the industry, existing technologies still have significant limitations in the complex engineering environments of actual projects. First, the working environment of a TBM cutterhead is extremely harsh, involving intense high-frequency vibrations, high temperatures, and severe impacts from earthmoving. Existing monitoring devices often lack adequate heat insulation, vibration damping, and impact protection structures, making internal power supply and signal transmission modules prone to damage or failure under these harsh conditions. Second, because the TBM cutterhead and cutter box are both enclosed metal structures, the resulting Faraday cage effect strongly shields wireless signals, making it difficult to transmit monitoring data stably and reliably to external receiving terminals.

[0004] Furthermore, as the tunneling process continues, the radius of the cutterhead ring gradually decreases due to wear, causing the gap between the monitoring equipment and the cutterhead to continuously increase. Existing monitoring housings are typically fixed structures, unable to automatically compensate for the gaps caused by wear. This allows mud and sand to easily seep in and cover the sensors, severely interfering with measurement accuracy and even damaging precision components. Simultaneously, the confined space inside the tunnel boring machine and the rotating cutterhead make it difficult to balance signal transmission quality and line security with existing wiring schemes and antenna arrangements, leading to data packet loss or cable entanglement and damage. Therefore, a comprehensive solution that can adapt to harsh working conditions, effectively overcome signal shielding, and reliably and accurately monitor wear has not yet been developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a remote monitoring housing and stable signal transmission system for tunnel boring machines (TBMs) cutterhead wear. The aim is to provide an integrated monitoring system with highly reliable physical protection, automatic wear gap compensation, and stable signal transmission capabilities, enabling real-time online monitoring of the cutterhead status without damaging the cutterhead structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutter head wear of tunnel boring machines, including a housing body, a housing cover, a front mudguard, a rear mudguard, and a wear gap compensation spring device. The main body of the box is provided with mounting lug holes at both longitudinal ends. The main body of the box is fixed to the side of the single roller cutter box by pressure block bolts passing through the mounting lug holes. The wear compensation notch spring device is installed at the notch position of the front mudguard of the box. The interior of the main body of the box is equipped with power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pads and signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pads in sequence from bottom to top.

[0007] Furthermore, a sealing ring groove is provided on the contact surface between the main body of the box and the box cover, and a sealing ring groove is provided on the contact surface between the box cover and the main body of the box. A sealing rubber gasket is provided on the outer edge of the main body of the box. The cross-sectional width of the sealing rubber gasket is 1mm to 2mm greater than the width of the sealing ring groove to achieve interference seal.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad is provided with an array of block-shaped feet, which support the power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad and form a 3mm air gap between it and the bottom inner wall of the main body of the enclosure. The power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad has multiple sets of through heat dissipation slots, and the arrangement direction of the heat dissipation slots is consistent with the air convection direction inside the main body of the enclosure.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the heat insulation and shock absorption pad of the signal transmission module and equipment has a concave-convex cold-worked structure, and the heat insulation and shock absorption pad of the signal transmission module and equipment is fixed to the bottom of the main body of the enclosure by bolts; a certain buffer and heat insulation gap is reserved between the heat insulation and shock absorption pad of the signal transmission module and equipment and the bottom of the main body of the enclosure.

[0010] Furthermore, a temperature sensor detection hole and an eddy current displacement sensor detection hole are provided at the bottom of the main body of the box; the temperature sensor detection hole and the eddy current displacement sensor detection hole are located between the front mudguard and the rear mudguard of the box.

[0011] Furthermore, the wear-compensating gap spring device includes a spring base, a pre-tension spring, a movable upper baffle, and a wear-resistant rubber block. One end of the pre-tension spring is fixed to the spring base, and the other end is connected to the movable upper baffle. The movable upper baffle forms a sliding fit with the spring slide provided on the front mudguard. The wear-resistant rubber block is installed at the bottom of the movable upper baffle.

[0012] The present invention also proposes a shield machine with stable signal transmission, wherein the shield machine cutter wear remote monitoring and matching box is fixed inside the single cutter box, and the wear-resistant rubber block of the wear gap compensation spring device is tightly attached to the outer periphery of the cutter under the pre-tightening action of the spring; The main body of the box has a data cable leading out through a sealed interface. The data cable is connected to a wireless signal transmission antenna, which is installed inside a wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover on the main body of the tunnel boring machine's legs.

[0013] Furthermore, the wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover is made of non-metallic wave-transparent material. The wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover is fixed to the side of the leg body through inner ring fixing nodes and outer ring fixing nodes, and inner ring sealing gaskets and outer ring sealing gaskets are provided at the fixing positions.

[0014] Furthermore, the data cable is arranged along the edge of the cutterhead body and passes through the circular cable hole on the support leg body. The supporting enclosure also includes a wireless signal receiving gateway enclosure installed on the shield machine bearing seat, which has a built-in wireless signal receiving gateway. The wireless signal receiving gateway is connected to a rear transmission cable that passes through the rear transmission cable through hole and extends into the circular manhole.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. By installing a sealing structure with an interference fit of 1mm to 2mm between the main body and the cover of the enclosure, combined with a multi-layer shock-absorbing and heat-insulating pad design inside the enclosure, a stable working environment is created for the electronic components. A 3mm air insulation gap cuts off the direct transmission path of high temperature from the cutterhead to the internal components, while the concave-convex cold-worked structure significantly reduces the impact of tunneling vibration on the signal transmission module by changing the physical damping, thus extending the service life of the equipment.

[0016] 2. The wear gap compensation spring device solves the industry's problem of deteriorating monitoring environment after hobbing wear. Through the mechanical linkage between the preloaded spring and the sliding wear-resistant rubber block, the system achieves dynamic automatic compensation for the wear gap. The wear-resistant rubber block automatically moves downward as the cutter ring diameter decreases, always maintaining a sealed fit, effectively preventing high-pressure mud and sand from entering the sensor's measuring cavity, ensuring that the eddy current displacement sensor and temperature sensor can acquire high-precision monitoring data throughout the entire wear cycle.

[0017] 3. To address the issue of metal shielding, this invention places the antenna inside a non-metallic protective cover and utilizes the close-range beam transmission between the rotating and stationary ends, significantly reducing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves in metallic media. Combined with an optimized cabling path arranged through perforations along the support columns, this protects the cables from impacts from earth and rock, while ensuring real-time, continuous transmission of monitoring data from the front-end cutterhead to the terminal control room, resulting in a significant reduction in packet loss.

[0018] 4. This equipment adopts a non-destructive installation design, using the reused and extended clamping bolts of the original cutterhead box for fixation. No welding or drilling is required on the cutterhead body, thus protecting the structural strength of the cutterhead. The modular internal component design allows for rapid battery replacement or module maintenance even in underground tunnel environments, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs and downtime risks during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 is an assembly diagram of the box body and the single roller cutter box of the tunnel boring machine; Figure 2 is a complete structural diagram of the box; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box without the lid on; Figure 4 is a top view of the box structure without the lid on; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the front mudguard structure of the box body; Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the wear gap compensation spring device; Figure 7 is an assembly diagram of the wear-compensating spring device without the spring baffle and the front mudguard of the box. Figure 8 is an assembly diagram of the wear-compensating spring device with a spring baffle and the front mudguard of the housing. Figure 9 is a sectional view of the box body and the single roller cutter box assembly of the tunnel boring machine; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the heat insulation and shock absorption pad structure for power supply assembly; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the heat insulation and shock absorption pad structure of the signal transmission module and equipment; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box body and the matching box cover; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover; Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover; Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the cutter distribution structure on the front of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead; Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the cutter distribution structure on the back of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead; Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead equipped with the matching monitoring box; Figure 18 is a top view of the single cutterhead box of the tunnel boring machine equipped with a matching monitoring box. Figure 19 is a partial structural diagram of the back of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead equipped with a matching monitoring box; Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the data wiring structure on the back of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead equipped with a matching monitoring box; Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the installation location and wiring method of the wireless antenna and signal receiving gateway in the tunnel boring machine's forecourt. 1. Main body of the enclosure; 2. Pressure block bolts; 3. Single roller cutter enclosure; 4. Roller cutter; 5. Assembly lug holes; 6. Threaded holes on the front cover; 7. Threaded holes on the rear cover; 8. Enclosure cover; 9. Stable triangular structure on the side of the enclosure; 10. Front mudguard of the enclosure; 11. Sealing rubber gasket; 12. Heat insulation and shock absorption pads for signal transmission modules and equipment; 13. Temperature sensor detection hole; 14. Eddy current displacement sensor detection hole; 15. Reinforced impact-resistant support rib (main structure); 16. Heat insulation and shock absorption pads for power supply assembly; 17. Heat dissipation slot holes; 18. Threaded holes on the heat insulation and shock absorption pads for power supply assembly; 19. Threaded holes for connecting the enclosure to the enclosure cover; 20. Bolts; 21. Threaded holes for connecting the reinforced front impact-resistant structure of the enclosure to the enclosure cover; 22. Front mudguard notch; 23. Spring slide; 24. Rubber block slide; 25. Moving... 26. Upper baffle; 27. Spring base; 28. Pre-tension spring; 30. Wear-resistant rubber block; 31. Spring baffle; 32. Rubber block protrusion notch; 33. Rear mudguard of the box body; 34. Block-shaped foot; 35. Shock-absorbing and heat-insulating gap; 36. Sealing ring groove; 38. Sealing interface (through hole); 39. Wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover; 40. Inner ring fixing node; 41. Outer ring fixing node; 42. Inner ring sealing gasket; 43. Outer ring sealing gasket; 44. Position for installing wireless signal antenna equipment; 46. Tunnel boring machine cutterhead body; 49. Circular cable hole; 50. Leg body; 51. Leg column; 52. Cutterhead edge body; 53. Data cable; 54. Rear transmission cable through hole; 55. Wireless signal receiving gateway; 56. Tunnel boring machine forecourt body; 57. Tunnel boring machine forecourt column-shaped personnel cabin; 58. Circular personnel cabin. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 21 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The supporting box equipment and solution for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of tunnel boring machines provided in this embodiment aim to solve the technical problems of difficulty in real-time monitoring of cutterhead wear during tunnel boring machine excavation and interference of signal transmission due to the Faraday cage effect.

[0022] Regarding the internal structure of the enclosure equipment, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 10 and Figure 11A remote monitoring enclosure for cutterhead wear of a tunnel boring machine is described, with its core structure based on the main body 1. On the bottom interior surface of the main body 1, a power supply heat insulation and vibration damping pad 16 and a signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and vibration damping pad 12 are installed in a modular layout. The specific structure of the power supply heat insulation and vibration damping pad 16 is as follows... Figure 10 As shown, the main body 16 of the power supply assembly heat insulation and vibration damping pad structure has multiple evenly distributed slotted heat dissipation holes 17. These slotted heat dissipation holes 17 guide air convection to remove the heat generated during power supply operation. To prevent the high temperature generated during the operation of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead from being conducted to the power module, block-shaped support feet 34 are designed at the four corners of the power supply assembly heat insulation and vibration damping pad 16. Through the support of these block-shaped support feet 34, a 3mm physical gap is maintained between the power supply assembly heat insulation and vibration damping pad 16 and the bottom inner wall of the housing body 1, forming an air insulation layer. This structural design, while blocking heat conduction, reduces the impact of high-frequency vibration on power supply performance through the elastic buffering characteristics of the air layer. During installation, the pad is securely locked inside the housing body 1 by bolts passing through the threaded holes 18 on the power supply assembly heat insulation and vibration damping pad.

[0023] The structure of the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pad 12 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the surface of the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and vibration damping pad 12 has a concave-convex structure. This design improves heat dissipation efficiency by reducing the direct contact area between the detection module and the pad surface. The pad is manufactured using a cold-work hardening process, which enhances structural strength by increasing the surface hardness and damping characteristics of the material. The signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and vibration damping pad 12 is connected to the bottom surface of the housing body 1 by bolts 20, and a vibration damping and heat insulation gap 35 is reserved between the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and vibration damping pad 12 and the bottom surface of the housing body 1. This connection method allows the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and vibration damping pad 12 to generate a small controlled displacement in the vertical direction when the shield machine generates impact during tunneling, thereby consuming the vibration energy transmitted from the outside to the inside through physical displacement. The pad also has grooved heat dissipation holes 17.

[0024] Reference for sealing and protection structure of the enclosure Figure 2 , Figure 9 and Figure 12The enclosure cover 8 is sealed by six bolts passing through threaded holes 19 for connecting the enclosure to the cover. To ensure reliable sealing in high-pressure muddy environments, a sealing rubber gasket 11 is provided on the upper edge of the enclosure body 1. Correspondingly, a groove 36 for sealing with the enclosure rubber gasket is machined on the bottom surface of the cover body 8. The physical width of the sealing rubber gasket 11 is designed to be 1mm to 2mm wider than the width of the groove 36. Under the action of bolt preload, the sealing rubber gasket 11 undergoes elastic deformation and fills the groove 36, forming an interference fit labyrinth-type sealing interface to prevent external liquid from seeping in.

[0025] The main body 1 of the enclosure also integrates a main body 15 for connecting the enclosure cover and reinforcing the front impact-resistant structure of the enclosure. This structure is connected to the enclosure cover through threaded holes 21 for connecting the front impact-resistant structure of the enclosure to the enclosure cover, thereby improving the compressive strength of the enclosure in the tunneling direction. A side stabilizing triangular structure 9 is provided on the side of the enclosure to share the lateral shear force.

[0026] The wear-compensating notch spring device is a key mechanical compensation mechanism in this equipment. (Refer to...) Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The device is installed in the pre-reserved notch of the front mudguard 10 at the lower end of the housing. The device consists of a pair of symmetrical springs 27, vertically distributed spring bases 26, an upper baffle 25 for the wear-compensating notch spring device, and a rubber block 28. The springs 27 are connected to the spring bases 26 by welding or using matching hooks. The upper baffle 25 for the wear-compensating notch spring device is embedded in the notch 22 on the front mudguard 10 at the lower end of the housing. The springs 27 are housed within the spring slide 23. The installation process is as follows: S1: The step is to fix the spring base 26 to the upper baffle 25 with bolts; S2: The step is to lock the spring baffle 30 onto the front mudguard 10 of the housing through the connecting threaded hole 32, thereby limiting the spring 27 within the slide.

[0027] S3: The step is to insert the rubber block 28 into the notch 31 on the front mudguard of the box body for the movement of the rubber block, slide it along the upper and lower sliding track 24 of the rubber block, and finally bond it to the upper baffle 25 of the wear compensation notch spring device with strong adhesive.

[0028] When the tunnel boring machine is working, the spring 27 is in a taut state, continuously applying downward pressure to the rubber block 28, so that the rubber block 28 is always in close contact with the single cutter head 4. When the radius of the cutter head ring decreases due to wear, the spring 27 automatically contracts and drives the rubber block 28 to move downward, filling the gap caused by wear in real time, and preventing mud and sand from entering the sensor detection area through physical shielding.

[0029] The assembly relationship between the housing and the cutter head is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown. The main body 1 of the housing is installed on the main body 3 of the single cutterhead housing of the tunnel boring machine through the matching holes 5 of the housing and cutterhead pressure block bolts at both ends. During installation, the extended single cutterhead pressure block bolts 2 of the tunnel boring machine are used to directly replace the original short bolts. The housing and the cutterhead pressure block are synchronously fixed by extending the bolt length. This installation method does not require additional welding or drilling on the main body 3 of the single cutterhead housing of the tunnel boring machine, thus maintaining the mechanical integrity of the original mechanical structure. The length of the front mudguard 10 at the lower end of the housing is designed to be longer than that of the rear mudguard 33 of the housing to cope with the main mud and sand impact in the tunneling direction. Secondly, since it needs to be fixed on the front bolts of the two clamping bolts of the cutterhead housing 2, the front is inevitably longer than the rear. Therefore, the housing body 1 of this embodiment is designed according to the actual situation, and in terms of connection, only one clamping bolt is used, which greatly reduces the volume of the detection housing.

[0030] Sensor Layout Reference for Monitoring Systems Figure 3 and Figure 9 A temperature sensor detection hole 13 and an eddy current displacement sensor detection hole 14 are provided at the bottom of the main body 1. The sensors are detachable threaded connection sensors for easy disassembly and maintenance. The eddy current displacement sensor extends from the detection hole 14 to an area near the top of the single hob 4. It obtains the reduction in the radius of the hob by collecting the change in electromagnetic induction between the probe and the surface of the hob, and this value directly corresponds to the wear depth of the hob. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature rise of the hob in real time during the cutting process through the detection hole 13.

[0031] To address the Faraday cage effect in traditional tunnel boring machine wireless signal transmission, this invention proposes a complete remote signal transmission scheme, referencing... Figures 13 to 21 Since the main body of the monitoring box 1 is made of metal, it would shield the wireless signal. Therefore, the wireless signal transmission antenna is not placed directly inside the box. The signal transmission path is constructed as follows: S10: The data collected by the sensor is aggregated to the signal transmission module, and the data signal is led out from the through hole 38 on the housing for the antenna data line through the wireless signal transmission data line 53.

[0032] S11: After sealing the through hole 38, lay the data cable 53 along the cutterhead body 52 that is adjacent to the edge of the cutter box on the back of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead.

[0033] S12: The cable travels along the outrigger column 51 used for supporting the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine and passes through the circular hole 49 of the outrigger used for supporting the cutterhead between the cutterhead and the vestibule.

[0034] S13: Data cable 53 is finally connected to the wireless signal transmission antenna installed on the leg body 50 used for supporting the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine.

[0035] The protective structure of the wireless signal transmission antenna, such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the antenna is housed within a protective housing body 39 for protecting the wireless signal transmission antenna equipment. This protective housing is secured to the support body 50 via inner ring fixing nodes 40 and outer ring fixing nodes 41. The inner and outer rings of the protective housing are respectively equipped with rubber gaskets 42 and 43 for sealing, preventing high-pressure mud and water from seeping in during construction. The protective housing body 39 is made of non-metallic wave-transparent material, ensuring that the signal can penetrate the shielding layer and be transmitted outwards. The antenna is specifically installed at mounting position 44 within the protective housing.

[0036] Reference for the wireless signal reception and transmission process Figure 20 and Figure 21 A wireless signal receiving gateway is installed at location 55 on the bearing housing at the front of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). This location is in the central area of ​​the TBM forecourt body 56, forming an unobstructed straight-line beam path with the wireless signal transmission antenna that rotates with the cutterhead. Since the gateway is mounted on the stationary bearing housing, while the antenna is mounted on the rotating outriggers, this design solves the signal crossing problem between rotating and stationary components through wireless induction. After receiving a signal, the gateway transmits a data cable through a through-hole 54 on the left inner cover plate of the TBM's housing, into the cylindrical personnel compartment 57 of the TBM forecourt. The cable then extends along the passage inside the circular personnel compartment 58 of the TBM forecourt, through a through-hole 59, all the way to the TBM's main control room. In the personnel compartment section, the data cable 53 is encapsulated in a suitably sized steel pipe and sectionally secured using flanges to prevent physical compression or shearing damage to the cable in the complex underground environment.

[0037] The operating principle of this embodiment is as follows: During the tunnel boring machine's excavation, the cutterhead body 46 drives the single cutter head 4 to rotate and cut the soil. The single cutter head 4 experiences wear upon contact with the soil and rock, and its radius gradually decreases. At this time, the eddy current displacement sensor inside the housing body 1 continuously detects the distance change on the cutter head surface through the detection hole 14 and converts this physical quantity into an electrical signal. Simultaneously, a temperature sensor monitors the temperature rise of the cutter head. Under the action of the pre-tensioning spring 27, the rubber block 28 at the lower end of the housing automatically compensates for downward displacement as the cutter head wears, preventing mud from flowing into the bottom of the housing through physical contact, thus providing a clean detection environment for the sensor. The collected wear data is processed by the signal module on the pad 12 and converted into a high-frequency radio signal. This signal is transmitted to the antenna on the outrigger 50 via the shielded cable 53 and transmitted through the non-metallic protective cover 39. The gateway located at the bearing seat 55 captures this signal in real time and transmits it back to the main control room via a long-distance wired cable. Operators can read the wear value and temperature curve of the cutter head in real time through the host computer interface, thereby achieving remote online monitoring.

[0038] This invention employs a layered vibration damping design with power supply pad 16 and signal pad 12, utilizing a 3mm air gap and a textured hardened structure to physically prevent damage to electronic components from high-frequency vibrations and high temperatures of the tunnel boring machine. A wear gap compensation spring device solves the dynamic sealing problem of the sensor detection area using the principle of automatic mechanical compensation. By arranging the antenna on the support leg 50 and using a non-metallic protective cover 39, the absorption of electromagnetic waves by the cutterhead metal wall is avoided through spatial repositioning, fundamentally eliminating the interference of the Faraday cage effect on signal transmission.

[0039] In practical applications, cutter wear accelerates when a tunnel boring machine (TBM) traverses hard rock strata. The eddy current displacement sensor of this invention can capture changes in the cutter ring radius in real time with millimeter-level accuracy. If an abnormal wear of a cutter or a sudden temperature rise due to bearing damage occurs, the host computer in the main control room will trigger an alarm based on the received real-time data. At this time, maintenance personnel can quickly locate the status of the signal gateway or cables while the machine is stopped, following the direction of the circular manhole 58 and the cylindrical manhole 57 in the forecourt. This significantly shortens troubleshooting time.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear in tunnel boring machines, characterized in that, It includes the main body of the box (1), the box cover (8), the front mudguard of the box (10), the rear mudguard of the box (33), and the wear gap compensation spring device; The main body of the box (1) is provided with mounting ear holes (5) at both longitudinal ends. The main body of the box (1) is fixed to the side of the single roller box (3) by pressure block bolts (2) passing through the mounting ear holes (5). The wear compensation gap spring device is installed at the front mudguard gap (22) of the front mudguard (10) of the box. The interior of the main body of the box (1) is equipped with a power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad (16) and a signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pad (12) from bottom to top.

2. The supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact surface between the box cover (8) and the box body (1) is provided with a sealing ring groove (36). The outer edge of the main body (1) of the box is provided with a sealing rubber gasket (11), and the cross-sectional width of the sealing rubber gasket (11) is 1 mm to 2 mm greater than the width of the sealing ring groove (36) to achieve interference seal.

3. The supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of a tunnel boring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad (16) is provided with arrayed block feet (34), which support the power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad (16) and form a 3mm air gap between it and the bottom inner wall of the main body of the box (1). The power supply assembly heat insulation and shock absorption pad (16) has multiple sets of through heat dissipation slots (17), and the arrangement direction of the heat dissipation slots (17) is consistent with the air convection direction inside the main body (1).

4. The supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of tunnel boring machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pad (12) is a concave-convex cold-work hardened structure. The signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pad (12) is fixed to the bottom of the main body of the box (1) by bolts (20). A certain buffer heat insulation gap (35) is reserved between the signal transmission module and equipment heat insulation and shock absorption pad (12) and the bottom of the main body of the box (1).

5. The supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of a tunnel boring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the main body (1) of the box is provided with a temperature sensor detection hole (13) and an eddy current displacement sensor detection hole (14); the temperature sensor detection hole (13) and the eddy current displacement sensor detection hole (14) are located between the front mudguard (10) and the rear mudguard (33) of the box.

6. The supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wear-compensating spring device includes a spring base (26), a pre-tension spring (27), a movable upper baffle (25), and a wear-resistant rubber block (28). One end of the pre-tension spring (27) is fixed to the spring base (26), and the other end is connected to the movable upper baffle (25). The movable upper baffle (25) forms a sliding fit with the spring slide (23) provided on the front mudguard (10). The wear-resistant rubber block (28) is installed at the bottom of the movable upper baffle (25).

7. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) with stable signal transmission, using a supporting housing for remote monitoring of cutterhead wear of a TBM as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The remote monitoring box for the wear of the tunnel boring machine cutter is fixed inside the single cutter box (3), and the wear-resistant rubber block (28) of the wear compensation spring device is in close contact with the outer periphery of the cutter under the pre-tightening action of the spring. The main body of the box (1) has a data cable (53) led out through the sealed interface (38). The data cable (53) is connected to the wireless signal transmission antenna, which is installed inside the wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover (39) on the shield machine leg body (50).

8. The tunnel boring machine with stable signal transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that, The wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover (39) is made of non-metallic wave-transparent material. The wireless signal transmission antenna protective cover (39) is fixed to the side of the leg body (50) through the inner ring fixing node (40) and the outer ring fixing node (41), and the fixing position is provided with an inner ring sealing gasket (42) and an outer ring sealing gasket (43).

9. The tunnel boring machine with stable signal transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that, The data cable (53) is arranged along the edge of the cutterhead body (52) and passes through the circular cable hole (49) on the leg body (50). The supporting box also includes a wireless signal receiving gateway box (55) installed on the shield machine bearing seat, which has a built-in wireless signal receiving gateway. The wireless signal receiving gateway is connected to a rear transmission cable that passes through the rear transmission cable through hole (54) and extends into the circular manhole (58).

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