An arch support shed and a supporting method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an arched support frame and its support method. The frame body consists of a top beam and legs fixedly connected to each other. The bottom of each leg is equipped with a lifting assembly containing a hydraulic lifting component and a pressure stabilizing component. The hydraulic lifting component drives the legs to rise and fall, compressing the back plate to establish a support preload. The pressure stabilizing component maintains stable system oil pressure. This device actively applies a jacking force through a hydraulic structure, eliminating the gap between the frame and the surrounding rock, preventing premature deformation of the surrounding rock, and solving the problem of delayed support in traditional passive support. The top beam and legs adopt an integrated fixed connection structure, eliminating the need for cable clamps and bolt connections. When the surrounding rock load reaches a threshold, the pressure stabilizing component, in conjunction with the hydraulic structure, enables controlled downward movement of the legs and flexible pressure relief, ensuring continuous and stable support throughout the entire process. Faced with short-term impact loads, the frame can automatically reset under the action of the pressure stabilizing component, effectively improving the reliability of roadway support and the stability of the surrounding rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of support frame technology, and in particular to an arched support frame and its support method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Arched support canopies are the most widely used passive support structure in coal mine roadways, and are highly suitable for use in soft rock, fractured surrounding rock, and complex geological roadways subjected to strong mining disturbances. Currently, conventional arched canopies mainly consist of four components: the top beam (canopy roof), the legs, the cable clamps, and the transverse tie rods. After on-site canopy construction, gaps generally exist between the canopy and the surrounding rock. In engineering projects, back plates are often used to fill these gaps, but the back plates only serve to isolate and block rock, and cannot establish pre-tension between the canopy and the surrounding rock. Under the influence of mine ground pressure, the surrounding rock must first undergo plastic deformation and squeeze the gaps before the canopy can bear the load. At this point, the stress in the surrounding rock has significantly increased, and the strength borne by the passive support has increased substantially.

[0004] The existing retractable arched canopy achieves its pressure-relieving function through an assembly method where the top beam and canopy legs overlap and are secured with cable bolts. When the load transmitted by the surrounding rock reaches the canopy's retraction threshold, the top beam and canopy legs slide relative to each other along the overlap surface, releasing the deformation energy of the surrounding rock and preventing the local accumulation of deformation energy from causing roadway instability. However, this structure has three inherent defects: First, the sliding pressure relief is not controllable, and continuous minor deformation of the surrounding rock can induce continuous unnecessary retraction of the canopy. Second, the stability of the retraction initiation load is poor, directly affected by the preload of the cable bolts. Problems such as insufficient initial preload of bolts, bolt loosening due to underground temperature differences, and nut jumping out after overload are very likely to occur on site, causing erroneous retraction under low loads. Third, it does not have the ability to self-adapt to load reset. For short-term impact dynamic loads generated by heavy-duty vehicles passing on the surface and blasting underground, the canopy can only slide and relieve pressure in one direction, and cannot automatically rebound and reset after the impact load disappears. The aforementioned defects greatly threaten the safety of tunnel mining operations. Based on the above technical pain points, this application proposes a novel arched support frame and its construction support method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings mentioned above by providing an arched support frame and its support method.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An arched support frame includes a frame body, the frame body including a top beam and frame legs, the top beam and frame legs being fixedly connected; The bottom end of the canopy leg is equipped with a lifting assembly, which includes a hydraulic lifting component and a pressure stabilizing component. The hydraulic lifting component can drive the canopy leg to move up and down, and squeeze the back plate filled between the canopy frame and the surrounding rock to establish a pre-tightening force. The pressure stabilizing component is connected to the hydraulic lifting component and is used to stabilize the oil pressure in the hydraulic lifting component.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure stabilizing component includes a tank and a piston. The piston is sealed and slidably assembled inside the tank, dividing the internal cavity of the tank into two independent sealed chambers: an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is pre-filled with pressure-stabilizing gas, and the lower chamber is connected to the hydraulic lifting component via an oil circuit. Under normal support conditions, the lower chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, and the piston maintains a distance from the bottom surface of the tank. A pressure gauge is mounted on the outside of the tank to monitor the gas pressure inside the upper chamber in real time.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a control processor and an alarm device. The pressure gauge and the alarm device are both electrically connected to the control processor. The control processor has a preset safe pressure threshold range. When the chamber pressure monitored by the pressure gauge exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to issue a warning signal.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting end of the hydraulic lifting component is fixed with a lifting plate, and a bearing plate is provided above the lifting plate. The bottom end of the canopy leg is supported on the bearing plate. A rotating shaft is rotatably assembled in the middle of the bearing plate, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to a support column fixed to the lifting plate. Two top blocks are provided between the lifting plate and the bearing plate. The two top blocks are located on both sides of the support column. The two top blocks together support the bearing plate to form a set tilt angle.

[0010] Furthermore, the top block includes a base, a stud, a sleeve, and a top plate; the stud is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the base, the sleeve is threaded onto the outside of the stud, and the top plate is rotatably mounted on the top of the sleeve; after adjusting to the preset tilt angle of the bearing plate, rotating the sleeve can change the height of the top plate, so that the top surface of the top plate abuts against the bottom surface of the bearing plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the base is sealed and fixedly connected to the lifting plate, and the stud is provided with a sliding hole that penetrates the bottom surface of the base along the axial direction. A slidable limiting post is vertically installed in the sliding hole. The top end of the limiting post can extend out of the upper end face of the stud, and its lower end is sealed and fitted with the inner wall of the sliding hole. A limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve corresponding to the position of the limiting post, and the limiting post can be inserted and fitted with the limiting groove. The piston rod of the hydraulic lifting component has an oil passage inside. One end of the oil passage passes through the top surface of the lifting plate and is connected to the sliding hole, while the other end extends to the bottom of the piston rod and enters the oil chamber of the hydraulic lifting component.

[0012] Furthermore, the limiting post and the stud are coaxially arranged, and the limiting post has a polygonal cross-section structure.

[0013] A support method, employing the aforementioned arched support frame, comprises the following steps: S1. Assemble the main frame and install the lifting components at the bottom of the canopy legs; S2. A backboard is laid to fill the gap between the arched section of the canopy body and the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S3. Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic lifting components through the hydraulic system, driving the frame body to rise upwards until the internal oil pressure of the hydraulic lifting components reaches the preset range.

[0014] Furthermore, if the support roadway needs to be set with an upward angle, the inclination angle is adjusted before step S3: rotate the two sleeves in sequence and adjust the height of the corresponding top blocks respectively so that the bearing plate deflects to the preset inclination angle; finally, adjust the sleeves again so that the top surfaces of the two top plates are tightly against the bottom surface of the bearing plate.

[0015] Furthermore, after completing step S3, if the tilt angle of the bearing plate does not meet the set requirements, adjust it according to the following procedure: Place the pad or jack at the bottom of the lifting plate to support and fix the lifting plate; then depressurize the hydraulic lifting component, and then rotate the sleeves on both sides in sequence to adjust the height of the top block, and adjust the bearing plate to the preset tilt angle; then introduce pressurized oil into the hydraulic lifting component until the internal oil pressure reaches the specified range, and finally remove the pad or jack.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: This invention utilizes a hydraulic lifting assembly to actively apply vertical jacking force, rapidly establishing pre-tensioning force between the support frame, surrounding rock, and backplate. This eliminates the original assembly gap between the support frame and the surrounding rock, suppressing early deformation of the surrounding rock from the source and eliminating the lag of traditional passive support. Simultaneously, this application eliminates the traditional assembly structure of overlapping arched support beams and legs, secured with cable bolts, and adopts a fixed connection between the beams and legs. When the load exerted on the support frame by the surrounding rock reaches the support threshold, the pressure stabilizing component can temporarily store the hydraulic oil inside the hydraulic lifting assembly, allowing the legs to move downwards in a controlled manner. Throughout the pressure relief process, the support frame remains in contact with the surrounding rock, maintaining continuous support. The structural stress is controllable throughout the process. Furthermore, after a short-term impact load, the support frame can automatically reset and maintain continuous support under the action of the pressure stabilizing component, significantly improving the support reliability and overall stability of the surrounding rock in complex mining roadways. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the arched support frame of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the lifting assembly described in this application; Figure 3 This is a half-sectional view of the lifting assembly described in this application; Figure 4for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Top beam; 2. Shelf legs; 3. Hydraulic lifting components; 31. Lifting plate; 32. Oil passage; 33. Piston rod; 4. Pressure stabilizer; 41. Tank body; 42. Piston; 5. Pressure gauge; 6. Load-bearing plate; 61. Rotating shaft; 62. Support column; 7. Top block; 71. Base; 72. Stud; 721. Sliding hole; 73. Sleeve; 731. Limiting groove; 74. Top plate; 75. Limiting post. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The present invention discloses an arched support frame, including a frame body, the frame body including a top beam 1 and a frame leg 2, the top beam 1 and the frame leg 2 being fixedly connected; The bottom end of the canopy leg 2 is equipped with a lifting assembly, which includes a hydraulic lifting component 3 and a pressure stabilizing component 4. The hydraulic lifting component 3 can drive the canopy leg 2 to move up and down, and squeeze the back plate filled between the canopy frame and the surrounding rock to establish a pre-tightening force. The pressure stabilizing component is connected to the hydraulic lifting component 3 and is used to stabilize the oil pressure in the hydraulic lifting component 3.

[0021] This application utilizes a hydraulic lifting assembly to actively apply vertical jacking force, which can quickly establish support pre-tightening force between the canopy, surrounding rock, and backing plate (especially for circular canopy-type canopies, whose cross-section is closer to a circle, and when rising, it will squeeze the surrounding rock from all sides, and support pre-tightening force can be established at the top and sides), eliminating the original assembly gap between the canopy and the surrounding rock, suppressing the early deformation of the surrounding rock from the source, and eliminating the lag of traditional passive support. Meanwhile, this application eliminates the traditional assembly structure where the top beam 1 of the arched canopy is overlapped with the canopy leg 2 and secured with cable bolts. Instead, it adopts a fixed connection between the top beam 1 and the canopy leg 2. When the load of the surrounding rock on the canopy reaches the support threshold, the pressure stabilizing component can temporarily store the hydraulic oil inside the hydraulic lifting component 3, and the canopy leg 2 moves downward in a controlled manner. Throughout the pressure relief process, the canopy always fits against the surrounding rock and maintains a continuous support state. The stress on the structure is controllable throughout the process. Moreover, after a short-term impact dynamic load, the canopy can automatically reset and maintain a continuous support state under the action of the pressure stabilizing component after the pressure relief, which greatly improves the support reliability and overall stability of the surrounding rock in complex mining roadways.

[0022] Preferably, there are many ways to fix the top beam 1 and the canopy leg 2. For example, bolts can be used to connect the top beam 1 and the canopy leg 2, or welding can be used to connect them directly.

[0023] Preferably, the hydraulic lifting component 3 is a hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0024] Understandably, the lifting assembly needs to be equipped with a hydraulic system to provide oil pressure inside the hydraulic lifting component 3 in the initial stage, and to allow a portion of the oil to enter the pressure stabilizing component, so as to automatically replenish the hydraulic lifting component 3 when the pressure inside the hydraulic lifting component 3 is insufficient.

[0025] Preferably, the hydraulic lifting component 3 is equipped with a pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure). During dismantling, only the pressure relief valve needs to be opened (the depressurized oil can be collected separately in a container, without needing to be continuously connected to the hydraulic system from beginning to end). The hydraulic lifting component 3 automatically retracts, allowing the canopy legs 2 to quickly detach from the lifting assembly and the top beam 1 from the surrounding rock, without the need for violent dismantling. This avoids component damage caused by traditional welding and bolting dismantling, and the canopy frame itself can be recycled and reused, reducing support costs.

[0026] In one embodiment, the pressure stabilizing component includes a tank 41 and a piston 42. The piston 42 is slidably fitted inside the tank 41 and divides the internal cavity of the tank 41 into two independent sealed chambers: an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is pre-filled with high-pressure stabilizing gas, and the lower chamber is connected to the hydraulic lifting component via an oil circuit. Under normal support conditions, the lower chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, and the piston 42 maintains a distance from the bottom surface of the tank 41 and does not touch the bottom of the tank. A pressure gauge 5 is fitted on the outside of the tank 41 to monitor the gas pressure inside the upper chamber in real time.

[0027] In practice, the gas-liquid split pressure stabilization structure adapts to the dynamic changes in roadway ground pressure. When the surrounding rock experiences small stress fluctuations, the oil pressure is adaptively stabilized by the up-and-down micro-movement of piston 42 in conjunction with gas compression and expansion, eliminating the need for repeated manual pressure replenishment and ensuring that the pre-tightening force of the support frame remains constant over a long period. The chamber pressure can be read directly through the external pressure gauge 5, allowing maintenance personnel to quickly identify faults such as pressure stabilization component failure and oil pressure leakage, facilitating underground inspections.

[0028] In one embodiment, a control processor and an alarm device (not shown in the figure) are also included. The pressure gauge 5 and the alarm device are both electrically connected to the control processor. The control processor can preset a safe pressure threshold range. When the chamber pressure monitored by the pressure gauge 5 exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to issue a warning signal. This structural design can realize automated monitoring of abnormal deformation of the surrounding rock: if the monitored air pressure deviates from the normal value, it means that the foundation settlement of the tunnel support leg 2 exceeds the standard or the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roof 74 exceeds the limit. It can prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to intervene and deal with the situation in time through audible and visual warnings, and avoid the hidden dangers of surrounding rock instability and support failure in advance.

[0029] Preferably, the alarm device is an audible and visual alarm.

[0030] In one embodiment, when supporting inclined roadways, a facing angle needs to be set (i.e., the support legs 2 are not vertically arranged). Existing processes often involve manually excavating the inclined support surface to match the facing angle, which is a crude method with large angle deviations, making it difficult to guarantee the support effect. To address this problem, this application adopts the following technical solution: The lifting end of the hydraulic lifting component 3 is fixed with a lifting plate 31. A bearing plate 6 is provided above the lifting plate 31. The bottom end of the canopy leg 2 is supported on the bearing plate 6. A rotating shaft 61 is rotatably mounted in the middle of the bearing plate 6. The lower end of the rotating shaft 61 is connected to a support column 62 that is fixed to the lifting plate 31. Two top blocks 7 are provided between the lifting plate 31 and the bearing plate 6. The two top blocks 7 are located on both sides of the support column 62. The two top blocks 7 together support the bearing plate 6 to form a set tilt angle.

[0031] This structure allows for precise adjustment of the inclination angle of the bearing plate 6 by adjusting the height of the top blocks 7 on both sides, quickly matching the required angle of attack for inclined roadways. This eliminates the need for the crude method of manually excavating inclined support surfaces, effectively reducing angle errors. The overall angle adjustment is convenient and the positioning accuracy is high, fully ensuring the stress state of the support structure, improving the support quality and structural stability of inclined roadways, while simultaneously reducing on-site construction difficulty.

[0032] In one embodiment, the top block 7 includes a base 71, a stud 72, a sleeve 73, and a top plate 74. The stud 72 is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the base 71, the sleeve 73 is threaded onto the outside of the stud 72, and the top plate 74 is rotatably mounted on the top of the sleeve 73. After adjusting to the preset tilt angle of the support plate 6, rotating the sleeve 73 can change the height of the top plate 74, so that the top surface of the top plate 74 abuts against the bottom surface of the support plate 6. The top block 7 adopts a threaded lifting structure, which makes the height adjustment operation simple and has high adjustment accuracy, and can accurately cooperate with the support plate 6 to complete the tilt angle positioning.

[0033] Preferably, a support column 62 is fixed at the top of the sleeve 73, and the top plate 74 is ball-jointed with the support column 62, so that the top surface of the top plate 74 can fit and abut against the bottom surface of the bearing plate 6.

[0034] In one embodiment, the base 71 is sealed and fixedly connected to the lifting plate 31. The stud 72 has a sliding hole 721 that penetrates the bottom surface of the base 71 along the axial direction. A slidable limiting post 75 is vertically installed in the sliding hole 721. The top end of the limiting post 75 can extend out of the upper end face of the stud 72, and its lower end is sealed and engaged with the inner wall of the sliding hole 721. The inner wall of the sleeve 73 has a limiting groove 731 corresponding to the position of the limiting post 75. The limiting post 75 can be inserted and engaged with the limiting groove 731. The piston rod 33 of the hydraulic lifting component 3 has an internal oil passage 32. One end of the oil passage 32 passes through the top surface of the lifting plate 31 and is connected to the sliding hole 721, while the other end extends to the bottom of the piston rod 33 and enters the oil chamber of the hydraulic lifting component 3. By driving the limit pin 75 to extend and retract through the hydraulic oil passage and inserting it into the limit groove 731, the sleeve 73 can be circumferentially limited, preventing the sleeve 73 from rotating and loosening under external force during the support process, and ensuring the stability of the tilt angle.

[0035] Preferably, a spring is provided between the limiting post 75 and the stud 72 to assist the limiting post 75 in resetting.

[0036] In one embodiment, the limiting post 75 is coaxially arranged with the stud 72, and the limiting post 75 has a polygonal cross-section structure.

[0037] During actual assembly, the coaxial structure facilitates the smooth insertion of the limiting post 75 into the limiting groove 731. Even if there is a slight misalignment, only a small rotation of the sleeve 73 is needed to complete the alignment and effectively lock the structural posture, ensuring the accuracy of the inclination angle of the bearing plate 6 and the roadway's mountain-facing angle, and improving the overall stability of the support structure.

[0038] The present invention also discloses a support method, which uses the above-mentioned arched support frame for support, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Assemble the canopy frame body and install the lifting assembly at the bottom of the canopy leg 2; S2. A backboard is laid to fill the gap between the arched section of the canopy body and the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S3. Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic lifting component 3 through the hydraulic system to drive the frame body to rise until the internal oil pressure of the hydraulic lifting component 3 reaches the preset range.

[0039] This method is simple and standardized, and can quickly complete the scaffolding layout and pre-tightening operations. It can accurately establish the support pre-tightening force, effectively eliminate structural gaps, reduce the early deformation of the surrounding rock from the source, and significantly improve the efficiency and quality of support operations.

[0040] Preferably, the oil pressure inside the hydraulic lifting component 3 can be determined by observing the pressure gauge 5.

[0041] In one embodiment, if the support roadway needs to be set with an upward angle, the inclination angle is adjusted before step S3: rotate the two sleeves 73 in sequence and adjust the height of the corresponding top block 7 respectively so that the bearing plate 6 deflects to the preset inclination angle; finally, adjust the sleeves 73 again so that the top surfaces of the two top plates 74 are tightly abutting against the bottom surface of the bearing plate 6.

[0042] The step-by-step adjustment method is simple to operate and has precise angle control. It can quickly complete the setting of the mountain-facing angle and achieve reliable support, adapting to the construction requirements of inclined roadways and ensuring the stability of the canopy posture and the balance of support forces.

[0043] In one embodiment, after completing step S3, if the tilt angle of the bearing plate 6 does not meet the set requirements, it can be adjusted according to the following procedure: Place the pad or jack on the bottom of the lifting plate 31 to support and fix the lifting plate 31; then depressurize the hydraulic lifting component 3, and then rotate the sleeves 73 on both sides in sequence to adjust the height of the top block 7 and adjust the bearing plate 6 to the preset tilt angle; then introduce pressurized oil into the hydraulic lifting component 3 until the internal oil pressure reaches the specified range, and finally remove the pad or jack.

[0044] This adjustment method allows for secondary correction of the tilt angle after the scaffold is in place, without the need for complete disassembly of the scaffold, making the operation convenient and efficient. With the help of pads and jacks for temporary support, the adjustment process is safe and stable, and can accurately calibrate the angle of attack, ensuring that the posture and stress of the support structure meet the design requirements.

[0045] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0046] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0047] Additionally, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An arched support frame, characterized in that, The canopy includes a frame body, which includes a top beam (1) and canopy legs (2), and the top beam (1) and canopy legs (2) are fixedly connected. The bottom end of the canopy leg (2) is equipped with a lifting assembly, which includes a hydraulic lifting component (3) and a pressure stabilizing component (4). The hydraulic lifting component (3) can drive the canopy leg (2) to move up and down, and squeeze the back plate filled between the canopy frame and the surrounding rock to establish a pre-tightening force. The pressure stabilizing component is connected to the hydraulic lifting component (3) and is used to stabilize the oil pressure in the hydraulic lifting component (3).

2. The arch shelter shed of claim 1, wherein The pressure stabilizing component includes a tank (41) and a piston (42). The piston (42) is sealed and slidably assembled inside the tank (41), dividing the internal cavity of the tank (41) into two independent sealed chambers: an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chamber is pre-filled with pressure stabilizing gas, and the lower chamber is connected to the hydraulic lifting component's oil circuit. Under normal support conditions, the lower chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, and the piston (42) maintains a distance from the bottom surface of the tank (41). A pressure gauge (5) is installed on the outside of the tank (41) to monitor the gas pressure inside the upper chamber in real time.

3. The arch shelter shed of claim 3, wherein It also includes a control processor and an alarm device. The pressure gauge (5) and the alarm device are both electrically connected to the control processor. The control processor has a preset safe pressure threshold range. When the chamber pressure monitored by the pressure gauge (5) exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to issue a warning signal.

4. An arch shelter according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein, The lifting end of the hydraulic lifting component (3) is fixed with a lifting plate (31), and a bearing plate (6) is provided above the lifting plate (31). The bottom end of the canopy leg (2) is supported on the bearing plate (6). A rotating shaft (61) is rotatably assembled in the middle of the bearing plate (6). The lower end of the rotating shaft (61) is connected to a support column (62) that is fixed to the lifting plate (31). Two top blocks (7) are provided between the lifting plate (31) and the bearing plate (6). The two top blocks (7) are located on both sides of the support column (62). The two top blocks (7) together support the bearing plate (6) to form a set tilt angle.

5. An arch shelter according to claim 4, wherein The top block (7) includes a base (71), a stud (72), a sleeve (73), and a top plate (74); the stud (72) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base (71), the sleeve (73) is threaded onto the outside of the stud (72), and the top plate (74) is rotatably mounted on the top of the sleeve (73); after adjusting to the preset tilt angle of the bearing plate (6), rotating the sleeve (73) can change the height of the top plate (74) so ​​that the top surface of the top plate (74) abuts against the bottom surface of the bearing plate (6).

6. An arch shelter shed according to claim 5, wherein, The base (71) is sealed and fixedly connected to the lifting plate (31). The stud (72) has a sliding hole (721) that passes through the bottom surface of the base (71) along the axial direction. A sliding limit post (75) is vertically installed in the sliding hole (721). The top end of the limit post (75) can extend out of the upper end face of the stud (72), and its lower end is sealed and fitted with the inner wall of the sliding hole (721). The inner wall of the sleeve (73) has a limit groove (731) corresponding to the position of the limit post (75). The limit post (75) can be inserted and fitted with the limit groove (731). The piston rod (33) of the hydraulic lifting component (3) is provided with an oil passage (32). One end of the oil passage (32) passes through the top surface of the lifting plate (31) and is connected to the sliding hole (721). The other end extends to the bottom of the piston rod (33) and enters the oil chamber of the hydraulic lifting component (3).

7. The arch shelter shed of claim 5, wherein, The limiting post (75) is coaxially arranged with the stud (72), and the limiting post (75) has a polygonal cross-section structure.

8. A support method, characterized in that, The steps for using the arched support frame according to any one of claims 1-7 are as follows: S1. Assemble the main body of the canopy frame and install the lifting assembly at the bottom of the canopy leg (2); S2. A backboard is laid to fill the gap between the arched section of the canopy body and the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S3. Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic lifting component (3) through the hydraulic system to drive the frame body to rise until the internal oil pressure of the hydraulic lifting component (3) reaches the preset range.

9. The method of supporting of claim 8, wherein, If the support roadway needs to be set with a mountain-facing angle, the inclination angle is adjusted before step S3: rotate the two sleeves (73) in sequence and adjust the height of the corresponding top block (7) respectively so that the bearing plate (6) deflects to the preset inclination angle; finally, adjust the sleeves (73) again so that the top surfaces of the two top plates (74) are tightly against the bottom surface of the bearing plate (6).

10. The method of supporting of claim 8, wherein, After completing step S3, if the tilt angle of the bearing plate (6) does not meet the set requirements, adjust it according to the following procedure: Place the pad or jack on the bottom of the lifting plate (31) to support and fix the lifting plate (31); then depressurize the hydraulic lifting component (3), and then rotate the sleeves (73) on both sides in sequence to adjust the height of the top block (7) and adjust the bearing plate (6) to the preset tilt angle; then introduce pressurized oil into the hydraulic lifting component (3) until the internal oil pressure reaches the specified range, and finally remove the pad or jack.

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