Self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system and method based on magnetized water and surfactant compounding

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-rotating spiral nozzle-type intelligent spray dust suppression system and method based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactant, belonging to the field of dust suppression technology in mine roadways. The system includes a compound material supply unit, a spray execution unit, a monitoring and sensing unit, an integrated control unit, and an air source. The spray execution unit includes a water inlet connector, a connecting seat, a connecting pipe with inclined guide holes, a guide column, a guide ball, a transmission plate, a spinning device, a spiral nozzle, and a nozzle. The deflection force generated by the inclined guide holes drives the guide ball to move, causing the spiral nozzle and nozzle to rotate, forming a gas-liquid two-phase atomized spray under the action of the air source. The nozzle is equipped with nozzles arranged in a specific direction to achieve full-section coverage. This invention achieves rotating spray without additional rotation drive through a unique mechanical drive structure, nozzle layout, and air-assisted atomization method, offering advantages such as compact structure, comprehensive coverage, rapid response, and excellent dust suppression effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine safety and environmental protection technology, specifically to a self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system and method based on magnetized water and surfactant compound, which is particularly suitable for coal dust control in closed or semi-closed spaces such as coal mine roadways. Background Technology

[0002] Coal dust is continuously generated during underground tunneling, mining, transshipment, and transportation. This dust not only affects the working environment and equipment operation but also adversely impacts the occupational health of workers and underground safety. Therefore, using spraying to suppress coal dust is a common and widely used technical approach in mine dust control. Existing spray dust suppression devices typically work by spraying water mist into dust-laden areas, causing coal dust particles to come into contact with, be wetted, and settle, thereby reducing the concentration of dust in the air.

[0003] However, existing spray dust suppression technologies still have significant shortcomings in practical applications. On the one hand, many spray devices use ordinary fixed nozzles or spray structures with a single spray direction, resulting in limited spray coverage. In conditions with large roadway cross-sections, strong airflow turbulence, or wide dust diffusion areas, problems such as incomplete or uneven spraying or uneven mist distribution can easily occur, leading to unstable dust suppression effects. On the other hand, existing devices often rely on direct water spraying. The wettability, spreading, and adhesion of liquid to coal dust particles are limited, especially for coal dust with small particle size, strong hydrophobicity, or long suspension time. Simply relying on ordinary water mist is insufficient to achieve ideal capture and settling effects.

[0004] Furthermore, existing spray systems commonly suffer from fixed spray parameters and rudimentary adjustment methods. Some units can only spray continuously at a preset single flow rate and pressure, making it difficult to adjust according to changes in coal dust concentration, liquid supply status, and on-site operating conditions. When the coal dust concentration is low, continuous high-intensity spraying can easily lead to waste of water and reagents; when the coal dust concentration suddenly increases, fixed spray parameters may not be able to provide sufficient dust suppression capacity in a timely manner, resulting in a delayed dust suppression response. At the same time, the liquid supply, monitoring, and spray execution components in existing systems are often relatively dispersed, lacking effective structural and control coordination, further limiting the overall effectiveness of the spray dust suppression system.

[0005] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need to provide an intelligent spray dust removal system that can improve the wetting performance of the spray medium, expand the spray coverage, and achieve linkage regulation between liquid supply and spray based on changes in coal dust concentration, so as to improve the adaptability, stability and practicality of underground coal dust control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a spin-spiral nozzle-type intelligent spray dust removal system and method based on magnetized water and surfactant compound, so as to solve the technical problems of limited spray coverage, complex driving structure and low coupling of functional modules in existing spray dust removal systems.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a spin-spiral nozzle-based intelligent spray dust suppression system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactants, comprising: The compound material supply unit is used to prepare and supply magnetized-activated compound water; An air source is used to provide auxiliary atomizing airflow to the spray actuator unit; At least one spray execution unit, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the compound material supply unit, is used to atomize and spray the magnetized-active compound water in combination with the auxiliary atomizing airflow; The spray execution unit includes: The water inlet connector has a water inlet. A water outlet connector having a water outlet that is connected to a water inlet; The inlet connector is connected to the outlet connector as a whole through an internal connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe has multiple inclined guide holes arranged around the guide post. The spinning device includes: a transmission plate and a bearing; the transmission plate is rotatably mounted at the water outlet via the bearing; a connecting seat is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the transmission plate; A guide ball is located on the outside of the guide post and cooperates with the transmission plate; The connector has an internal cavity that is connected to the outlet of the water outlet connector. The spiral nozzle is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, and the internal flow channel of the spiral nozzle is connected to the receiving cavity through the connecting seat and the spinning device; The nozzle is installed on the spiral nozzle and connected to the internal flow channel. The nozzle is connected to the air source so that the magnetized-active compound water is mixed with the auxiliary atomizing airflow and then sprayed out.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzle is provided with a first nozzle, a second nozzle, a third nozzle, a fourth nozzle, a fifth nozzle, and a sixth nozzle, arranged as follows: The first nozzle is located at the bottom end of the spiral nozzle, and its spray direction is vertically downward. The second nozzle is located at the tail of the spiral nozzle, and its spray direction is inclined downward at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. The third and fifth nozzles are arranged opposite each other along the circumference of the spiral nozzle, and their spraying direction is inclined outward at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. The fourth and sixth nozzles are arranged along the tangential direction of the spiral nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the second nozzle has a downward tilt angle of 30°, the third and fifth nozzles have an outward tilt angle of 45°, and the angle between the projections of the fourth and sixth nozzles and the second nozzle's spray direction on the horizontal plane is 120°.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes: The monitoring and sensing unit includes a coal dust concentration sensor, which is mounted on a detachable mounting base, and the monitoring and sensing unit is located at the front end of the spray execution unit. An integrated control unit is electrically connected to the coal dust concentration sensing device, the compound material supply unit, and the air source, respectively, and adjusts the working state of the spray execution unit by controlling the centrifugal pump, regulating valve, and air source on the water outlet pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the compound material supply unit includes a filter device, a magnetized water treatment device, a stirring device and a water storage tank connected in sequence via a water inlet pipeline, and a surfactant input pipeline connected to the stirring device via a delivery pump. The output end of the water storage tank is connected to the spray execution unit via a water outlet pipe; The integrated control unit is electrically connected to the magnetized water treatment device, the stirring device, and the delivery pump, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the filtration device includes a coarse filtration layer, a fine filtration layer, and an activated carbon filtration layer arranged in sequence; the water storage tank is equipped with a water level sensor electrically connected to the integrated control unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the water outlet pipeline is sequentially equipped with a centrifugal pump and a regulating valve electrically connected to the integrated control unit along the fluid delivery direction, and the air source is connected to the spray execution unit via an air delivery pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a clamping and fixing unit, which includes an explosion-proof housing and at least one pair of mechanical claws, with a buffer pad provided on the clamping surface of the mechanical claws; the clamping and fixing unit also includes a hinged base disposed on the explosion-proof housing, a support arm connecting the mechanical claws and the hinged base, and an adjusting screw disposed between the two support arms for adjusting the opening and closing distance of the mechanical claws, the lower end of the support arm being hinged to the hinged base and the upper end being connected to the mechanical claws, and the adjusting screw cooperating with the two support arms to drive the mechanical claws to move closer or further apart; At least some components of the integrated control unit and the compound material supply unit are disposed within the explosion-proof enclosure.

[0015] Furthermore, there are multiple spray execution units, and the outlet of the compound material supply unit is connected to the water inlet connectors of multiple spray execution units through a multi-way diverter pipe.

[0016] The present invention also provides a dust removal method for a spin-spiral nozzle-type intelligent spray dust removal system based on magnetized water and surfactant compound as described in any of the above claims, comprising the following steps: S1. Real-time data on coal dust concentration in the roadway is collected through a monitoring and sensing unit; S2. The integrated control unit receives the coal dust concentration data and calculates the required spray parameters based on the pre-established correspondence between coal dust concentration levels and spray parameters; S3. The integrated control unit sends control commands to the compound material supply unit according to the spray parameters, and controls the magnetized water treatment device, delivery pump, centrifugal pump, regulating valve and air source to prepare and deliver magnetized-active compound water and auxiliary atomizing airflow. S4. The magnetized-active compound water is delivered to the spray execution unit, and an auxiliary atomizing airflow is simultaneously provided to the spray execution unit by the air source; S5. After the magnetized-active compound water enters the spray execution unit, it first enters the connecting pipe through the water inlet connector, and forms a deflected water flow through the inclined guide hole, driving the guide ball to move along the periphery of the guide column, and cooperates with the transmission plate to drive the self-rotating device, the connecting seat and the spiral nozzle to rotate; then, the fluid enters the receiving cavity through the water outlet of the water outlet connector, and then enters the spiral nozzle through the connecting seat, and is atomized and sprayed out by the nozzle under the action of the auxiliary atomizing airflow; S6. During the spraying process, repeat steps S1 to S5 to form a dynamic closed-loop control of coal dust concentration.

[0017] This invention achieves stable rotation without external power through a unique mechanical spin-driven structure within the spray actuator unit. Water flowing through the inclined guide hole generates a deflection force that drives the guide ball, which in turn drives the spiral nozzle and spray head to rotate automatically via a transmission plate. This structure is not only compact and reliable but also automatically matches the spray flow rate with the rotation speed, ensuring spray uniformity. Simultaneously, this invention adds an air source and connects it to the spray actuator unit. The auxiliary airflow mixes with magnetized-activated composite water at the spray head to form a two-phase gas-liquid spray, further refining droplet size, increasing initial droplet velocity and spray distance, and enhancing the penetration ability of the dust source airflow, thereby strengthening the collision, wetting, and capture of fine suspended coal dust.

[0018] This invention features six nozzles arranged in a specific direction on a spiral nozzle, including a first nozzle pointing vertically downwards, a second nozzle tilted downwards, third and fifth nozzles tilted outwards, and fourth and sixth nozzles arranged tangentially. This multi-angle combination layout allows the spray to simultaneously cover the bottom, middle, top, and sides of the tunnel, achieving true full-section coverage without blind spots. In particular, the tangential nozzles, while generating auxiliary rotational thrust, can also supplement the coverage of spray blind spots between other nozzles. Furthermore, this invention organically combines the aforementioned spray execution unit with a compound material supply unit, a monitoring and sensing unit, and an integrated control unit to form a complete closed-loop control system. This system can dynamically adjust the magnetization intensity, activator dosage, spray pressure and flow rate, and auxiliary airflow output based on real-time coal dust concentration data, realizing intelligent control of the entire process from media preparation to spray execution.

[0019] Experimental data show that using the magnetized-active compound water of the present invention for spray dust removal can achieve dust removal efficiencies of 90.22% and 88.21% for total dust and respirable dust, respectively, which are 11.27% and 12.55% higher than traditional spray dust removal. This improvement is not only due to the synergistic effect of magnetized water and surfactant, but also due to the spray execution unit's ability to spray the compound water in a uniform and fine atomized form. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spin-spiral nozzle-type intelligent spray dust removal system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactant, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the magnetized water treatment device in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spray execution unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the spray execution unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting pipe fitting in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the guide ball and the transmission plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the spiral nozzle and nozzle layout in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping and fixing unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the dust experiment platform structure; 1. Spray actuator; 11. Water inlet connector; 111. Water inlet; 12. Water outlet connector; 13. Spinning device; 131. Transmission plate; 132. Bearing; 14. Connecting seat; 141. Receiving cavity; 142. Spiral water inlet; 15. Spiral nozzle; 151. Internal flow channel; 16. Nozzle; 161. First nozzle; 162. Second nozzle; 163. Third nozzle; 164. Fourth nozzle; 165. Fifth nozzle; 166. Sixth nozzle; 17. Connecting fitting; 171. Guide ball; 172. Guide column; 173. Inclined guide hole; 18. Air source; 2. Integrated control unit; 21. Regulating valve; 22. Centrifugal pump; 23. Water level sensor 24. Integrated control system; 3. Monitoring and sensing unit; 31. Coal dust concentration sensing device; 32. Protective cover; 33. Detachable fixing base; 4. Compound material supply unit; 41. Filter device; 42. Water inlet pipe; 43. Water storage tank; 44. Water outlet pipe; 45. Magnetized water treatment device; 451. N pole magnet; 452. S pole magnet; 453. Fixing bolt; 454. Fixing bracket; 455. Metal protective shell; 46. Stirring device; 47. Surfactant input pipe; 48. Transfer pump; 5. Clamping and fixing unit; 51. Explosion-proof shell; 52. Mechanical claw; 53. Buffer pad; 54. Adjusting screw; 55. Support arm; 56. Hinge base. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Example 1: This embodiment provides a spin-rotary nozzle-type intelligent spray dust suppression system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactants. It primarily addresses the technical problems of existing mine spray dust suppression systems, such as limited spray coverage, complex drive structures, and low dust capture efficiency. Combined with... Figures 1 to 8As shown, the system mainly consists of a spray execution unit 1, an integrated control unit 2, a monitoring and sensing unit 3, a compound material supply unit 4, a clamping and fixing unit 5, and an air source 18. These units are interconnected and work collaboratively through fluid pipelines, electrical circuits, and air supply pipelines to achieve precise and efficient control of coal dust in mine roadways. The compound material supply unit 4 is responsible for preparing and supplying a compound water solution, which is a uniform mixture of magnetized water and surfactants. This compound water solution is continuously delivered to the spray execution unit 1 under system pressure. The spray execution unit 1 utilizes a specially designed internal mechanical flow channel structure, achieving full-section rotational spraying solely through the power of the water flow itself, without requiring an external motor or pneumatic motor to provide rotational drive. Simultaneously, the air source 18 provides auxiliary airflow to the spray execution unit 1, causing the compound water sprayed from the nozzle 16 to form finer gas-liquid two-phase droplets. The monitoring and sensing unit 3 captures real-time coal dust data in the environment, and the integrated control unit 2 dynamically adjusts the preparation parameters of the compound liquid and the operating status of the spray execution unit 1 accordingly, thus forming a closed-loop intelligent dust suppression control network.

[0023] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the spray execution unit 1 is integrated via a threaded, detachable assembly. It mainly includes an inlet connector 11, an outlet connector 12, an internal connecting pipe 17, a spinning device 13, a connecting seat 14, a spiral spray pipe 15, and nozzles 16 arranged on the spiral spray pipe 15. The top of the inlet connector 11 has an inlet 111, which uses a quick-connect design. Its inlet 111 connects to the outlet pipe 44 of the compound material supply unit 4 to achieve efficient and sealed access to magnetized water containing surfactants. The outlet connector 12 has an outlet inside, which is connected to the inlet 111 above it. The inlet connector 11 is connected to the outlet connector 12 as a stable whole through the internal connecting pipe 17. Specifically, an external thread can be opened on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 17, and an internal thread is opened on the adjacent end of the inlet connector 11 and the outlet connector 12. During assembly, the inlet connector 11 and the outlet connector 12 are screwed onto the two ends of the connecting pipe 17 one after the other, thereby completing the assembly of the inlet connector 11 and the outlet connector 12.

[0024] To convert the linear power of the water flow into mechanical rotational power, the connecting pipe 17 is provided with multiple inclined guide holes 173 arranged around the guide post 172. The self-rotating device 13 further includes a transmission plate 131 and a bearing 132. The transmission plate 131 is rotatably mounted at the outlet of the outlet connector 12 via the bearing 132, thereby allowing for free rotation with low resistance within the outlet connector 12. The lower end of the transmission plate 131 passes through the outlet and is fixedly mounted with a connecting seat 14. Optionally, the lower end of the transmission plate 131 can also be connected to the connecting seat 14 by a threaded connection. For example, an external thread is provided on the outer surface of the transmission plate 131, and an internal thread is correspondingly provided on the upper end of the connecting seat 14, thereby achieving the assembly of the transmission plate 131 and the connecting seat 14 by threaded connection.

[0025] The connecting seat 14 has an internal receiving cavity 141, which communicates with the outlet of the water outlet connector 12, thereby guiding the fluid into the lower jet structure. The spiral nozzle 15 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 14, and the internal flow channel 151 of the spiral nozzle 15 is connected to the upper receiving cavity 141 through the spiral inlet 142 and the spin device 13 in the connecting seat 14.

[0026] In the spin drive mechanism of the spray actuator 1, a spin-starting structure is designed. When the water flow passes through the inclined guide hole 173 on the connecting pipe 17, the water flow, which was originally moving in a straight line, is forced to change into a high-speed rotating deflected water flow due to the limitation of the inclination angle of the channel. However, considering that the initial static friction force at the bearing 132 and various sealing components is often large during long-term operation of the equipment or under low water pressure conditions, and the torque required to start the rotation system is high, it may be difficult to start the rotation smoothly by relying solely on the fluid shear force and surface friction force of the deflected water flow itself. Therefore, in this embodiment, a guide ball 171 is provided on the outside of the guide post 172, in the gap formed between the connecting pipe 17 and the transmission plate 131.

[0027] Optionally, the transmission plate 131 is specifically designed with a structure having four blades, such as... Figure 6As shown, the guide post 172 is located in the middle region of the transmission plate 131, and the guide ball 171 is located outside the guide post 172 and within the movable space formed between the guide post 172 and the adjacent blades of the transmission plate 131. The guide ball 171 can move along the periphery of the guide post 172 under the action of the deflecting water flow and collide with the blades of the transmission plate 131 to apply an instantaneous impact force to the transmission plate 131. During the circular motion, the guide ball 171, possessing a certain kinetic energy, will impact the four blades of the transmission plate 131 at high frequency. This physical impact between solids can instantly apply a deflecting impact force, generating instantaneous torque, thereby helping to overcome the initial static friction of the system and driving the transmission plate 131, the connecting seat 14, and the spiral nozzle 15 to rotate as a whole. Once the system starts rotating, the system resistance drops sharply after the static friction is converted to dynamic friction. At this time, the continuous deflection force of the water flow, combined with the reaction force generated by the tangential jet of the nozzle below, can maintain the stable rotation of the spiral nozzle 15, thus solving the engineering pain points of the unpowered self-rotating nozzle being prone to jamming and difficult to start under low pressure.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to achieve full-section, no-dead-angle spray coverage of the mine roadways, combined with Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, multiple nozzles 16 with specific orientations are arranged on the spiral nozzle 15, specifically consisting of a first nozzle 161, a second nozzle 162, a third nozzle 163, a fourth nozzle 164, a fifth nozzle 165, and a sixth nozzle 166. The first nozzle 161 is located at the bottom end of the spiral nozzle 15, with its spray direction vertically downwards, mainly used to treat the settled coal dust in the floor area directly below the spiral nozzle. The second nozzle 162 is located at the tail end of the spiral nozzle 15, with its spray direction inclined downwards at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. As a preferred embodiment, this downward inclination angle is selected as 30°, allowing the water mist to penetrate obliquely downwards and widely cover the roadway floor and side walls under the action of gravity. The third nozzle 163 and the fifth nozzle 165 are arranged circumferentially opposite each other along the spiral nozzle 15, with their spray direction inclined outward at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. Preferably, this outward inclination angle is set to 45°. The main purpose is to expand the water mist obliquely upward and to the left and right sides, effectively treating the coal dust-filled area in the upper part of the device. The fourth nozzle 164 and the sixth nozzle 166 are arranged tangentially along the spiral nozzle 15. In the projection on the horizontal plane, the spray direction of the fourth nozzle 164 and the sixth nozzle 166 forms a 120° angle with the spray direction of the second nozzle 162, forming a uniform trisection radial pattern. The tangentially arranged fourth nozzle 164 and sixth nozzle 166 can not only fill the spray blind zone between other direct or inclined nozzles, but the reaction force generated by their tangentially sprayed fluid can also form a resultant force with the impact force of the internal guide ball 171, providing a stable auxiliary thrust for the continuous rotation of the spiral nozzle 15. In actual operation, the spray pressure adjustment range of nozzle 16 can be selected from specific working pressures such as 0.3MPa, 0.9MPa or 1.5MPa, and the spray flow adjustment range can be selected from specific working flow rates such as 5L / min, 17.5L / min or 30L / min, which can be flexibly matched over a wide range according to the actual changes in coal dust concentration.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes an air source 18, which is connected to the spray execution unit 1 via an air supply pipeline, preferably near the nozzle 16, to provide auxiliary atomizing airflow to the nozzle 16 during spraying. During operation, the auxiliary airflow mixes with magnetized composite water at the nozzle 16 or at the moment of spraying, further breaking the water flow into smaller droplets, increasing the total surface area and thus improving the contact and adsorption efficiency with dust particles. Simultaneously, air-assisted spraying increases the initial velocity of the droplets and the spray distance, enhancing the penetration ability of the dust source airflow, preventing localized water mist settling, and making dust removal more uniform and thorough.

[0030] In terms of automated environmental monitoring, the system includes a monitoring and sensing unit 3, which is positioned at the front end of the spray execution unit 1 and arranged along the airflow direction to ensure it is the first to contact the dusty airflow. This monitoring and sensing unit 3 includes a coal dust concentration sensor 31, which can employ a high-precision laser scattering sensor. An external protective cover 32 covers the device. The protective cover 32 is made of explosion-proof and dustproof material and has a breathable filter on its surface to block large particles and water droplets, thus protecting the internal electronic components. The entire monitoring and sensing unit 3 is mounted on a detachable mounting base 33 for easy maintenance and replacement. The coal dust concentration sensor 31 transmits real-time coal dust concentration data collected from different areas within the roadway to the integrated control unit 2 for processing via a low-latency wired network.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the compound material supply unit 4 includes a filter device 41, a magnetized water treatment device 45, a stirring device 46, and a water storage tank 43, which are sequentially connected via an inlet pipe 42, and a surfactant input pipe 47 connected to the stirring device 46 via a delivery pump 48. First, mine water enters the filter device 41 via the inlet pipe 42. The filter device 41 can adopt a multi-stage filtration structure, sequentially equipped with a coarse filter layer, a fine filter layer, and an activated carbon filter layer, which can intercept suspended impurities, fine particles, and odors in the water, preventing impurities from entering subsequent precision machinery and causing clogging of nozzles or pipes. The filtered clean water first flows through a magnetized water treatment device 45. Specifically, this device 45 uses a bracket to mount a metal protective shell 455 onto the outside of the inlet pipe 42. Then, one end of several fixing brackets 454 is inserted into an N-pole magnet 451 or an S-pole magnet 452, and the other end is threaded through threaded holes to a fixing bolt 453 passing through the metal protective shell 455. This coaxially mounts the N-pole magnet 451 and the S-pole magnet 452 onto the outside of the inlet pipe 42 via the fixing brackets 454, fixing bolts 453, and the metal protective shell 455. The device generates a strong magnetic field to magnetize the ordinary water flowing through the inlet pipe 42. The magnetic field strength can be dynamically adjusted according to different operating conditions, for example, selecting specific parameters such as 5000 Gs, 10000 Gs, or 15000 Gs. After being magnetized, the ordinary water's molecular clusters become smaller, its surface tension decreases, and its permeability to coal dust is significantly enhanced.

[0032] Subsequently, the magnetized water enters the stirring device 46. Simultaneously, a surfactant, preferably sodium dodecyl sulfonate with a mass fraction of 0.5%, is metered into the stirring device 46 via a surfactant input pipeline 47 and a delivery pump 48. The delivery pump 48 can be a high-precision metering pump. Inside the stirring device 46, the magnetized water and surfactant are forcibly mixed by a high-speed propeller. The rotational speed of the stirring device can be selected according to control commands, for example, 300 r / min, 750 r / min, or 1200 r / min, to ensure sufficient contact between the gas-liquid and reagent interfaces, thus preparing a magnetized and surfactant-blended water mixture with both high permeability and high adhesion.

[0033] After compounding, the mixture flows from the output of the stirring device 46 to the lower water storage tank 43 for storage. The water storage tank 43 is equipped with a water level sensor 23 electrically connected to the integrated control unit 2; specifically, a capacitive level sensor can be used to monitor the water volume in real time. The water in the water storage tank 43 can directly enter the outlet pipe 44. Along the fluid transport direction, the outlet pipe 44 is sequentially equipped with a centrifugal pump 22 and a regulating valve 21, both electrically connected to the integrated control unit 2. In a multi-point deployment scheme, there are usually multiple spray execution units 1. In this case, the end of the outlet pipe 44 can be connected in parallel with the inlet connectors 11 of multiple spray execution units 1 through a multi-port branch pipe, achieving synchronous spray dust removal throughout the entire tunnel. The air source 18 can be located near the spray execution unit 1 and supply air to one or more spray execution units 1 through an air supply pipeline.

[0034] The integrated control unit 2 not only possesses a central processing unit, data storage module, signal receiving module, and command output module, but also achieves comprehensive electrical connections with the aforementioned coal dust concentration sensing device 31, the magnetized water treatment device 45 in the compound material supply unit 4, the stirring device 46, the transfer pump 48, the centrifugal pump 22, the regulating valve 21, and the water level sensing device 23 in the water storage tank 43. Simultaneously, the integrated control unit 2 is also connected to the air source 18 to control the start, stop, and output of the auxiliary airflow according to changes in coal dust concentration. Optionally, the integrated control unit 2 embeds a manual control module and an audible and visual alarm module. When the water level sensing device 23 detects that the water level in the water storage tank 43 is lower or higher than a preset threshold, the integrated control unit 2 will immediately trigger an alarm signal and automatically adjust the opening of the corresponding valve to maintain the fluid balance of the system. The manual control module allows operators to forcibly take over system control via physical buttons and manually adjust various parameters during equipment maintenance or sudden malfunctions.

[0035] Meanwhile, to ensure the safety and stability of the aforementioned electronic and hydraulic components in harsh downhole environments, this embodiment also includes an additional clamping and fixing unit 5. The clamping and fixing unit 5 includes an explosion-proof housing 51 with a compliant explosion-proof rating and two mechanical claws 52 mounted on the explosion-proof housing 51. Combined with... Figure 8As shown, the clamping and fixing unit 5 further includes a buffer pad 53 disposed on the clamping surface of the mechanical claw 52, ​​a hinged base 56 disposed on the explosion-proof housing 51, a support arm 55 connecting the mechanical claw 52 and the hinged base 56, and an adjusting screw 54 horizontally disposed between the two support arms 55. The lower ends of the two support arms 55 are respectively hinged to the corresponding hinged bases 56, and the upper ends are connected to the corresponding mechanical claws 52; the adjusting screw 54 is disposed between the two support arms 55 and cooperates with the support arms 55. By rotating the adjusting screw 54, the unfolding angle of the two support arms 55 can be changed, thereby driving the mechanical claws 52 to move closer or further apart to adapt to I-beam supports or anchor bolts of different sizes. The buffer pad 53 is disposed on the clamping surface of the mechanical claw 52 to increase the friction between the gripped component and reduce wear and impact caused by rigid contact. In addition to accommodating at least some components of the integrated control unit 2 and the compound material supply unit 4, the explosion-proof housing 51 also serves as the mounting base for the clamping and fixing unit 5, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire machine in the downhole environment.

[0036] The intelligent spray dust removal system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactant provided in this embodiment, using a unique mechanism where the guide ball 171 impacts the transmission plate 131 blades, solves the problem of insufficient water flow deflection force under low pressure causing the nozzle to fail to start due to static friction, achieving stable self-spinning without external rotational power. The cleverly configured multi-angle tilting and tangential nozzles achieve full-section, dead-angle-free water mist coverage. Combined with the intelligent coordination of the integrated control unit and multi-stage compound water preparation, the system improves the efficiency of droplet capture of hydrophobic dust. Simultaneously, the addition of an air source 18 and the formation of a gas-liquid two-phase spray further reduces droplet size, increases droplet kinetic energy and penetration, making it more effective in efficiently capturing fine and respirable dust. This system significantly improves the downhole working environment while reducing resource consumption, possessing both outstanding environmental benefits and safety assurance value for equipment operation.

[0037] Example 2: This embodiment provides an automatic dust removal method based on the above-described intelligent spray dust removal system. This method is executed entirely based on the system hardware architecture described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the method includes the following control steps: First, the system is initialized. The integrated control unit 2 activates the coal dust concentration sensing device 31 in the monitoring and sensing unit 3 to preheat the laser and optical components before data acquisition. After preheating, the monitoring and sensing unit 3 collects coal dust concentration data in the roadway in real time, and transmits the data to the integrated control unit 2 without delay after low-pass filtering and anti-interference processing.

[0038] After receiving real-time coal dust concentration data, the integrated control unit 2 first eliminates sudden abnormal peak data. Then, based on the pre-established correspondence between coal dust concentration levels and spray parameters, and the aerosol collision and capture mathematical model embedded in its internal data storage module, it accurately calculates the optimal spray parameters required for the current operating conditions. The core logic of this mathematical model is built upon a large amount of fluid dynamics and aerosol collision experimental data. Assuming that the droplet volume accounts for a very small proportion of the total space (i.e., the gas-liquid ratio is much greater than 1), the number of droplets per unit volume satisfies the following formula: ; In the above formula, Represents the number of droplets per unit volume. This represents the water consumption of the equipment. Represents the equivalent diameter of the fog droplets. This represents the gas consumption of the equipment.

[0039] For dust removal processes dominated by inertial collisions, the dust collection efficiency of a single droplet can be derived from the Stokes collision efficiency formula. First, the Stokes number is defined as: ; In the above formula, The Stokes number represents the inertia parameter. Represents the particle size of dust. Represents the density of dust. Represents the airflow velocity within the tunnel. Represents the dynamic viscosity of air.

[0040] Therefore, the dust collection efficiency of a single mist droplet satisfies the formula: ; In the above formula, This represents the dust collection efficiency of a single mist droplet. This represents the correction factor calibrated based on the on-site air pressure and temperature.

[0041] The time it takes for dust particles to travel within the spray area satisfies the formula: ; In the above formula, This represents the time it takes for dust particles to travel within the spray area. This represents the effective length of the spray area.

[0042] The total probability of dust collection by all droplets per unit volume satisfies the formula: ; In the above formula, This represents the total probability of dust being captured by droplets per unit volume. This represents the relative velocity between gas and liquid.

[0043] The relative velocities of gas and liquid satisfy the following relationship: ; In the above formula, This represents the speed at which the droplets move.

[0044] Combining the exponential decay relationship between dust removal efficiency and total capture probability in physics, we can obtain: ; In the above formula, This represents dust removal efficiency. This represents the natural exponential function.

[0045] Taking the logarithm of both sides of the above exponential relationship and performing a mathematical transformation, we get: ; In the above formula, This represents the initial coal dust concentration before spraying. This represents the concentration of coal dust after spray dust suppression.

[0046] To facilitate real-time solutions for computer control systems, an additional comprehensive system constant is defined, whose expression is: ; In the above formula, Represents the system constants.

[0047] Meanwhile, the definition of macroscopic dust removal efficiency is: ; Substituting the above physical quantities into the solution, we can obtain the control function for the equipment's water consumption: .

[0048] By replacing the complex variable combinations in the original formula with predefined integrated system constants, the above water consumption formula can be simplified into an instruction formula that can be directly invoked by the integrated control unit: .

[0049] Based on the aforementioned stringent physical control functions, the integrated control unit 2 can clearly define the equipment operating parameters corresponding to different coal dust concentration levels. The specific judgment and execution standards are as follows: When it is determined to be a low concentration level, i.e., coal dust concentration ≤ 5 mg / m³ 3At the same time, the system will control the spray pressure to be maintained between 0.3MPa and 0.6MPa, the spray flow rate to be controlled between 5L / min and 10L / min, and the stirring device speed to be maintained between 300r / min and 500r / min, thereby maximizing the conservation of water resources and surfactant consumption.

[0050] When it is determined to be of medium concentration level, i.e., coal dust concentration > 5 mg / m³ 3 And ≤10mg / m 3 When the system commands the spray pressure to increase to 0.6MPa to 1.0MPa, the spray flow rate to adjust to 10L / min to 20L / min, and the stirring device speed to increase to 500r / min to 800r / min, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between dust removal effect and resource consumption.

[0051] When it is determined to be a high concentration level, i.e., coal dust concentration > 10 mg / m³ 3 At this time, the system will output at full capacity, with the spray pressure reaching 1.0MPa to 1.5MPa, the spray flow rate soaring to 20L / min to 30L / min, and the stirring device rotating at a high speed of 800r / min to 1200r / min to quickly suppress and settle high-concentration coal dust.

[0052] After completing the calculations and generating the instructions, the integrated control unit 2 sends control commands to the compound material supply unit 4 and the centrifugal pump 22, regulating valve 21, and air source 18 on the water outlet pipeline 44, based on the obtained optimal spray parameters. This prepares and outputs the optimal ratio of magnetized compound water and auxiliary atomizing airflow that meets the current dust removal requirements. The prepared magnetized compound water is then transported under high pressure to the front-end spray execution unit 1 via the water outlet pipeline 44, while the air source 18 simultaneously provides auxiliary airflow to the spray execution unit 1.

[0053] After the magnetized composite water enters the spray actuator 1, it first enters the connecting pipe 17 through the water inlet connector 11, and forms a deflected vortex when passing through the inclined guide hole 173 on the connecting pipe 17. This deflected water flow first drives the guide ball 171, which exists outside the guide post 172, to move along the periphery of the guide post 172. The guide ball 171 continuously impacts the blades of the transmission plate 131 in its circular motion, breaking the initial static friction of the rotating system corresponding to the bearing 132. Once the vortex is started, the deflection force of the water flow and the reaction force generated by the tangential nozzle below will jointly drive the spinning device 13, the connecting seat 14, and the spiral nozzle 15 to rotate continuously and smoothly. Subsequently, the fluid enters the receiving cavity 141 through the outlet of the water outlet connector 12, then enters the spiral nozzle 15 through the connecting seat 14, and is atomized and sprayed out by the nozzle 16 under the action of the auxiliary airflow. During this process, nozzles 16 facing different directions spray magnetized composite water with strong penetration and strong adhesion properties in a fine atomization onto the entire cross-section, quickly enveloping and settling coal dust in the air.

[0054] To verify the dust reduction effect of this embodiment, a dust test platform was built. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the dust removal experimental platform consists of a dust-generating platform at the front, constructed using a circular pipe 5m long, 600mm in diameter, and 5mm thick, which stably transports dust to the monitoring platform at an airflow velocity of 3m / s. The rear section is a 1m×1m×3m rectangular monitoring platform, with a high-pressure nozzle (1.6mm orifice, 2.6L / min rated flow rate, 3MPa rated pressure) positioned in the center. Dust concentration measuring points are placed before and after the nozzle. The experiment lasted 20 minutes. After the experiment, the dust removal efficiency of different spray media was calculated based on the dust concentrations at the monitoring points before and after the experiment.

[0055] Based on the comparison of measured data from the constructed experimental platform, the superiority of this embodiment has been fully verified. Details are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1: Comparison of dust removal effects under different media spraying conditions As shown in Table 1 above, when ordinary water is used for spraying, the dust removal efficiency for total dust and respirable dust is only 78.95% and 75.66%, respectively. However, when active magnetized spraying is used, i.e., the compound water prepared by this system, the dust removal efficiency for total dust reaches as high as 90.22%, and the dust removal efficiency for respirable dust reaches 88.21%.

[0056] During subsequent continuous spraying, the monitoring and sensing unit continuously collects environmental concentration data, and the integrated control unit dynamically adjusts the spraying parameters based on the real-time data until the coal dust concentration drops below the preset safety threshold. When the coal dust concentration remains below the preset safety threshold for a set period of time, the integrated control unit will control the dust removal system to enter standby mode, keeping only some monitoring devices operational to reduce overall energy consumption.

[0057] The dust removal method provided in this embodiment is based on a rigorous aerosol collision trapping model, transforming abstract fluid dynamics theory into parameter response logic that can be directly applied to industrial automation control. This method achieves adaptive tracking of dust concentration, not only reversing the passive situation of unnecessary waste of water and chemicals in traditional spray dust removal, but also maximizing the synergistic effect of the coupling between magnetized water and surfactants through dynamic parameter collaborative control. It exhibits excellent technical effects such as rapid response, precise control, and significant cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

Claims

1. A self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the compounding of magnetized water and surfactant, characterized in that, include: The compound material supply unit (4) is used to prepare and supply magnetized-active compound water; Air source (18) is used to provide auxiliary atomizing airflow to the spray execution unit (1); At least one spray execution unit (1) has its inlet connected to the outlet of the compound material supply unit (4) for atomizing and spraying the magnetized-active compound water in combination with the auxiliary atomizing airflow. The spray execution unit (1) includes: The water inlet connector (11) has a water inlet (111); The water outlet connector (12) has a water outlet that is connected to the water inlet (111); The inlet connector (11) is connected to the outlet connector (12) as a whole through the internal connecting pipe (17), and the connecting pipe (17) is provided with a plurality of inclined guide holes (173) arranged around the guide post (172). The spin device (13) includes: a transmission plate (131) and a bearing (132); the transmission plate (131) is rotatably mounted at the water outlet via the bearing (132); a connecting seat (14) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the transmission plate (131); A guide ball (171) is disposed on the outside of the guide post (172) and cooperates with the transmission plate (131); The connecting seat (14) has an internal receiving cavity (141) which is connected to the water outlet of the water outlet connector (12); The spiral nozzle (15) is fixedly connected to the connecting seat (14), and the internal flow channel (151) of the spiral nozzle (15) is connected to the receiving cavity (141) through the connecting seat (14) and the spin device (13); The nozzle (16) is installed on the spiral nozzle (15) and connected to the internal flow channel (151). The nozzle (16) is connected to the air source (18) so that the magnetized-active compound water is mixed with the auxiliary atomizing airflow and then sprayed out.

2. The self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (16) is provided with a first nozzle (161), a second nozzle (162), a third nozzle (163), a fourth nozzle (164), a fifth nozzle (165), and a sixth nozzle (166), arranged as follows: The first nozzle (161) is located at the bottom end of the spiral nozzle (15), and its spray direction is vertically downward. The second nozzle (162) is located at the tail of the spiral nozzle (15), and its spray direction is inclined downward at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. The third nozzle (163) and the fifth nozzle (165) are arranged opposite each other along the circumference of the spiral nozzle (15), and their spraying direction is inclined outward at an acute angle relative to the vertical direction. The fourth nozzle (164) and the sixth nozzle (166) are arranged along the tangential direction of the spiral nozzle (15).

3. The self-cleaning dust removal system based on the compound of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second nozzle (162) has a downward angle of 30°, the third nozzle (163) and the fifth nozzle (165) have an outward angle of 45°, and the angle between the projection of the fourth nozzle (164) and the sixth nozzle (166) on the horizontal plane and the projection of the second nozzle (162) into the horizontal plane is 120°.

4. The self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The monitoring and sensing unit (3) includes a coal dust concentration sensing device (31), which is mounted on a detachable fixed base (33), and the monitoring and sensing unit (3) is located at the front end of the spray execution unit (1); An integrated control unit (2) is electrically connected to the coal dust concentration sensing device (31), the compound material supply unit (4), and the gas source (18), respectively.

5. The self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The compound material supply unit (4) includes a filter device (41), a magnetized water treatment device (45), a stirring device (46) and a water storage tank (43) connected in sequence via a water inlet pipe (42), and a surfactant input pipe (47) connected to the stirring device (46) via a delivery pump (48); The output end of the water storage tank (43) is connected to the spray execution unit (1) via the water outlet pipe (44); The integrated control unit (2) is electrically connected to the magnetized water treatment device (45), the stirring device (46), and the delivery pump (48), respectively.

6. The intelligent spray dust removal system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filtration device (41) includes a coarse filtration layer, a fine filtration layer and an activated carbon filtration layer arranged in sequence; the water storage tank (43) is equipped with a water level sensing device (23) that is electrically connected to the integrated control unit (2).

7. The intelligent spray dust removal system based on a compound of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water outlet pipe (44) is provided with a centrifugal pump (22) and a regulating valve (21) that are electrically connected to the integrated control unit (2) along the fluid delivery direction. The air source (18) is connected to the spray execution unit (1) via the air delivery pipe.

8. The self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a clamping and fixing unit (5), which includes an explosion-proof housing (51) and at least a pair of mechanical claws (52). The clamping surface of the mechanical claws (52) is provided with a buffer pad (53). The clamping and fixing unit (5) also includes a hinge base (56) disposed on the explosion-proof housing (51), a support arm (55) connecting the mechanical claws (52) and the hinge base (56), and an adjusting screw (54) disposed between the two support arms (55) for adjusting the opening and closing distance of the mechanical claws (52). The lower end of the support arm (55) is hinged to the hinge base (56), and the upper end is connected to the mechanical claws (52). The adjusting screw (54) cooperates with the two support arms (55) to drive the mechanical claws (52) to move closer or further away from each other. At least some components of the integrated control unit (2) and the compound material supply unit (4) are disposed within the explosion-proof housing (51).

9. The self-rotating spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are multiple spray execution units (1), and the outlet of the compound material supply unit (4) is connected to the water inlet connectors (11) of multiple spray execution units (1) through a multi-way diverter pipe.

10. The dust removal method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the dust removal method is performed by the spin spiral nozzle type intelligent spray dust removal system based on the complex of magnetized water and surfactant. Includes the following steps: S1. Real-time data on coal dust concentration in the roadway is collected through the monitoring and sensing unit (3); S2. The integrated control unit (2) receives the coal dust concentration data and calculates the required spray parameters according to the pre-established correspondence between coal dust concentration level and spray parameters; S3. The integrated control unit (2) sends control commands to the compound material supply unit (4) according to the spray parameters, and controls the magnetized water treatment device (45), the delivery pump (48), the centrifugal pump (22), the regulating valve (21) and the air source (18) to prepare and deliver magnetized-active compound water and auxiliary atomizing airflow. S4. The magnetized-active compound water is delivered to the spray execution unit (1), and the air source (18) simultaneously provides auxiliary atomizing airflow to the spray execution unit (1); S5. After the magnetized-active compound water enters the spray execution unit (1), it first enters the connecting pipe (17) through the water inlet connector (11), and forms a deflected water flow through the inclined guide hole (173), driving the guide ball (171) to move along the periphery of the guide column (172), and cooperates with the transmission plate (131) to drive the spin device (13), the connecting seat (14) and the spiral nozzle (15) to rotate; then, the fluid enters the receiving cavity (141) through the outlet of the water outlet connector (12), and then enters the spiral nozzle (15) through the connecting seat (14), and is atomized and sprayed out by the nozzle (16) under the action of the auxiliary atomizing airflow; S6. During the spraying process, repeat steps S1 to S5 to form a dynamic closed-loop control of coal dust concentration.

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