A disturbance detection device for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper layer and hard lower layer for water-conserving mining.

Abstract

This invention discloses a disturbance detection device for shield tunneling with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer in water-conserving mining operations. The invention relates to the technical field of disturbance detection equipment. The depth of the inclined groove gradually increases as it moves away from the connecting cylinder. This disturbance detection device for shield tunneling with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer in water-conserving mining operations utilizes evenly spaced inclined grooves on the outer side of the outer casing. When the outer casing extends into the soil layer, the evenly spaced inclined grooves allow the compressed soil to enter the interior of the inclined grooves. Taking advantage of the gradually increasing depth of the inclined grooves as it is inserted into the bottom soil layer from bottom to top, the soil below the inclined grooves uses the depth change of the grooves to restrict the outer casing from sliding downwards. This protects the internally installed detection mechanism while increasing the friction with the soil layer, preventing the equipment from falling due to changes in the installation space caused by disturbance to the soil layer during construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disturbance detection equipment technology, specifically to a disturbance detection device for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower bottom layer in water-conserving mining. Background Technology

[0002] In water-conserving mining scenarios, shield tunneling with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer can easily cause subsidence of the upper soft soil layer and development of fissures in the lower hard rock layer. It may also damage the groundwater structure. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the soil disturbance. The main focus is on the problem of easy subsidence and lateral displacement of the upper soft soil in the soft upper layer and hard lower layer. The aim is to accurately capture the surface and shallow stratum displacement changes caused by construction to avoid deformation of the groundwater layer due to soft soil disturbance. A disturbance detection device for tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction, disclosed in CN119102770A, includes a mounting frame, multiple arrayed disturbance detection points, and a point early warning mechanism. Each disturbance detection point includes a base, a settlement rod, a displacement sensor, a first distance measuring head, and a second distance measuring head. The displacement sensor detects whether the settlement rod has shifted due to settlement, and the first distance measuring head detects changes in the height of the settlement rod. The point early warning mechanism includes a distance measuring instrument, a grid module, and an early warning module. Each distance measuring instrument acquires the position signal of the second distance measuring head at each disturbance detection point and feeds it back to the grid module to obtain the coordinate information of each disturbance point. Based on the coordinate information, a grid diagram is generated and compared with the original grid diagram. When the change exceeds a threshold, the early warning module sends an early warning alarm to the backend terminal. This invention enables timely feedback of surface changes caused by shield tunneling disturbances and accurate location acquisition, allowing for timely adjustments to the shield tunneling operation and preventing construction accidents. However, during the detection process, due to the contact between the equipment's protective shell and the soil layer, insufficient resistance between the protective shell and the soil can cause the equipment to fall into the soil layer after the soil is disturbed and displaced by the shield tunneling operation. At the same time, the soil disturbance and displacement can easily lead to damage and breakage of the equipment's circuitry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a disturbance detection device for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower bottom layer in water-conserving mining, comprising: The protection mechanism has a detection mechanism installed inside and a fixing mechanism installed on the outside. The protective mechanism includes an outer casing. The outer end of the outer casing, furthest from the fixing mechanism, is a tapered surface with its outer diameter gradually decreasing towards the fixing mechanism. A connecting cylinder is fixedly installed at the furthest end of the outer casing, and a top pad ring, made of elastic material, is fixedly installed at the furthest end of the connecting cylinder. The outer casing has evenly spaced inclined grooves. As the outer casing penetrates deeper into the soil, the pressure from these grooves allows the soil to enter the grooves. Utilizing the characteristic that the depth of the inclined grooves gradually increases towards the connecting cylinder, when inserted into the bottom layer of soil from bottom to top, the soil below the inclined grooves uses this depth variation to restrict the outer casing from sliding downwards. This protects the internally installed detection mechanism while increasing the friction with the soil layer, preventing the equipment from falling due to changes in the installation space caused by soil disturbance during construction. The depth of the inclined grooves gradually increases towards the connecting cylinder.

[0004] The inner wall of the outer cover is fixedly installed with inner retaining rings, and the inner retaining rings are installed in pairs along the axial direction on the inner wall of the outer cover.

[0005] Preferably, the detection mechanism includes a connecting pipe, on the outside of which a rubber pad is fixedly installed. The rubber pads are evenly installed axially on the outside of the connecting pipe, and the upper and lower sides of the rubber pads are tightly fitted with the opposing surfaces of the inner retaining ring. The inner wall of the inner retaining ring does not contact the outside of the connecting pipe. The inner retaining ring restricts the rubber pads. During the detection process, when the soil is disturbed and the equipment is compressed, causing the outer casing to deform, the rubber pads provide support between the connecting pipe and the outer casing. Utilizing the deformation and compression characteristics of the rubber pads, compression deformation occurs when the outer casing deforms and is compressed, protecting the internal electrical connection lines and preventing damage during soil disturbance and compression. If the power line of the equipment breaks, a slotted cylinder is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting pipe away from the fixing mechanism. The end of the slotted cylinder away from the connecting pipe has an annular groove, and a rubber ring is fixedly installed at the annular groove of the slotted cylinder. The rubber ring connects the slotted cylinder and the support cylinder. Utilizing the rubber deformation characteristics of the rubber ring, the axes of the slotted cylinder and the support cylinder can be offset. After the soil is disturbed and displaced due to the shield tunneling construction, it can drive the pressure sensor to move a certain distance, preventing the power connection line of the equipment inserted into the soil from breaking due to soil movement caused by disturbance during real-time detection. The end of the rubber ring away from the slotted cylinder is fixedly installed with the support cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the support cylinder and the slot cylinder are located inside the connecting cylinder, and the outer sides of the support cylinder and the slot cylinder do not contact the inner wall of the connecting cylinder. A pressure sensor is fixedly installed at the end of the support cylinder away from the slot cylinder. There is a gap between the bottom of the pressure sensor and the top of the top pad ring. Through the gap between the bottom of the pressure sensor and the top of the top pad ring in the initial position, during the installation and insertion into the soil layer, the compressible rubber ring of the pressure sensor moves towards the top pad ring after being subjected to pressure along the insertion path, forming a buffer distance. This protects the pressure sensor during the installation and insertion into the soil layer, and also ensures that the top pad ring is secure during installation and fixing. The ring and the pressure sensor are in close contact. Utilizing the characteristics of the rubber material of the top ring, they adhere to the contact surface under pressure to form a seal, preventing water seeping from the soil from entering the equipment and causing a short circuit in the power line, which would affect the transmission of pressure data. A transmission line is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the pressure sensor. The transmission line is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, and the end of the transmission line away from the pressure sensor passes through a connecting pipe. An inner ring is fixedly installed on the outer side of the connecting pipe away from the slot cylinder. The inner ring is made of elastic material, and a slot ring is fixedly installed on the outer side of the inner ring. The outer side of the slot ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer casing cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the fixing mechanism includes a circular grooved plate, the outer side of which is fixedly connected to one end of the outer cover cylinder, and the outer side of the circular grooved plate is uniformly provided with circular through grooves. A fixing ring is fixedly installed on the side of the circular grooved plate away from the outer cover cylinder, and the fixing ring corresponds one-to-one with the circular through grooves of the circular grooved plate. An inner threaded cylinder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing ring, and the inner threaded cylinder is located at the circular through groove of the circular grooved plate. A top cylinder is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the inner threaded cylinder. The outer side of the top cylinder away from the fixing ring is a conical surface, and an inner threaded block is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top cylinder near the fixing ring. A screw is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the inner threaded block, and a limit block is fixedly installed on the outer side of the screw.

[0008] Preferably, the outer side of the top cylinder is uniformly provided with sliding grooves, and an inner slider is slidably installed in the sliding groove of the top cylinder. The non-opposing surface of the inner slider is a convex inclined surface at the center position. An elastic block is fixedly installed between the inner slider and the top cylinder. Through the cooperation of the inner slider and the elastic block, after the top cylinder is inserted into the soil, rotating the screw drives the inner top column to push the inner slider out from the sliding groove of the top cylinder and compress the elastic block, increasing the contact with the soil layer and improving the fixing effect. At the same time, when disassembling, rotating the screw utilizes the elastic force generated by the elastic block under the compression state to make the inner slider re-enter the sliding groove of the top cylinder under the elastic force, preventing obstruction during equipment disassembly. An inner top column is fixedly installed at one end of the screw. The outer side of the inner top column away from the screw is a conical surface with an outer diameter that gradually decreases away from the screw. The conical surface of the inner top column is in close contact with the opposing surface of the inner slider.

[0009] This invention provides a disturbance detection device for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer in water-retaining mining operations. It has the following beneficial effects: (i) The disturbance detection equipment for the soft-top, hard-bottom shield tunneling construction of this water-conserving mining system uses evenly spaced inclined grooves on the outer side of the outer casing. When the outer casing penetrates into the soil layer, the evenly spaced inclined grooves on the outer side act as a means of penetration, squeezing the soil into the interior of the inclined grooves. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the depth of the inclined grooves gradually increases away from the connecting cylinder, when inserted into the bottom soil from bottom to top, the soil below the inclined grooves uses the depth change of the inclined grooves to restrict the outer casing from sliding down. This protects the detection mechanism installed inside while increasing the friction with the soil layer, preventing the equipment from falling due to changes in the installation space caused by disturbance to the soil layer during construction.

[0010] (ii) The disturbance detection equipment for the soft-top-hard-bottom shield tunneling in this water-conserving mining project uses an inner retaining ring to restrict the rubber pad. During the detection process, when the soil is disturbed and squeezes the equipment, causing the outer casing to deform, the rubber pad supports the equipment between the connecting pipe and the outer casing. Utilizing the deformation and compression characteristics of the rubber pad, compression deformation occurs when the outer casing deforms and is squeezed, protecting the internal electrical connection lines and preventing the equipment's power lines from breaking during the soil disturbance and squeezing process.

[0011] (III) The disturbance detection equipment for the soft-top-hard-bottom shield tunneling construction of this water-conserving mining method uses a rubber ring to connect the slot cylinder and the support cylinder. By utilizing the rubber deformation characteristics of the rubber ring, the axes of the slot cylinder and the support cylinder can be offset. After the soil is disturbed and displaced due to the shield tunneling construction, it can drive the pressure sensor to move a certain distance, preventing the power connection line of the equipment inserted into the soil layer from breaking due to the movement of the soil layer caused by the disturbance during real-time detection.

[0012] (iv) The disturbance detection equipment for the soft-top-hard-bottom shield tunneling in this water-conserving mining method utilizes the gap between the bottom of the pressure sensor and the top of the top pad ring at the initial position. During the installation and insertion into the soil layer, the pressure sensor is subjected to pressure along the insertion path, causing the compressible rubber ring to move towards the top pad ring, forming a buffer distance. This protects the pressure sensor during installation and insertion into the soil layer. At the same time, during installation and fixing, the top pad ring and the pressure sensor are in close contact. Utilizing the characteristics of the rubber material of the top pad ring, the contact surface is pressed together under pressure to form a seal, preventing water seeping from the soil layer from entering the equipment and causing a short circuit in the power line, which would affect the transmission of pressure data.

[0013] (v) The disturbance detection equipment for the soft-top-hard-bottom shield tunneling construction of the water-conserving mining project uses an inner slider and an elastic block to rotate the screw after the top cylinder is inserted into the soil. This rotates the screw, which drives the inner top column to push the inner slider out of the groove of the top cylinder and compresses the elastic block to increase the contact with the soil layer and improve the fixing effect. At the same time, when dismantling, the screw is rotated to use the elastic force generated by the elastic block under the compression state to make the inner slider re-enter the groove of the top cylinder under the elastic force, preventing the equipment from being obstructed during dismantling. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of structure A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a partial sectional view of the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a sectional view of the protective mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial sectional view of the fixing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a partial sectional side view of the fixing mechanism of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Detection mechanism; 2. Protection mechanism; 3. Fixing mechanism; 11. Pressure sensor; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. Transmission line; 14. Rubber pad; 15. Slotted cylinder; 16. Slotted ring; 17. Inner pad ring; 18. Rubber ring; 19. Support cylinder; 21. Outer cover cylinder; 22. Inclined groove; 23. Connecting cylinder; 24. Top pad ring; 25. Inner retaining ring; 301. Circular grooved plate; 302. Inner threaded cylinder; 303. Top cylinder; 304. Fixing ring; 305. Inner slider; 306. Elastic block; 307. Limiting block; 308. Inner threaded block; 309. Screw; 310. Inner top column. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] For the first embodiment, please refer to... Figures 1 to 2 and Figures 6 to 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: A disturbance detection device for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining, comprising: The protection mechanism 2 has a detection mechanism 1 installed inside it and a fixing mechanism 3 installed on the outside of it. The protective mechanism 2 includes an outer cover cylinder 21. The outer end of the outer cover cylinder 21, away from the fixing mechanism 3, is a tapered surface with an outer diameter that gradually decreases away from the fixing mechanism 3. During the insertion into the soil layer, the outer side of the outer cover cylinder 21 contacts the soil layer. As it penetrates deeper into the soil, the tapered surface of the outer cover cylinder 21 cooperates with the connecting cylinder 23 to first penetrate into the soil. Simultaneously, during operation, the connecting cylinder 23 limits the range of axial offset between the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15. When installing and fixing the equipment, pressure is applied to deform and compress the rubber ring 18, causing the top of the top pad ring 24 to fit tightly against the bottom of the pressure sensor 11. The outer cover cylinder 21, away from the fixing mechanism 3, is fixedly installed. A connecting cylinder 23 is installed, and a top pad ring 24 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting cylinder 23 away from the outer cover cylinder 21. The top pad ring 24 is made of elastic material. The outer cover cylinder 21 has evenly spaced inclined grooves 22 on its outer side. When the outer cover cylinder 21 penetrates into the soil layer, the soil squeezed by the evenly spaced inclined grooves 22 on its outer side can enter the interior of the inclined grooves 22. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the depth of the inclined grooves 22 gradually increases away from the connecting cylinder 23, when it is inserted into the bottom soil from bottom to top, the soil below the interior of the inclined grooves 22 uses the depth change of the inclined grooves 22 to restrict the outer cover cylinder 21 from sliding down. The auxiliary fixing mechanism 3 is used for fixing. The depth of the inclined grooves 22 gradually increases as it moves away from the connecting cylinder 23.

[0018] An inner retaining ring 25 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer cover cylinder 21. Two inner retaining rings 25 are installed in a group and evenly installed along the axial direction on the inner wall of the outer cover cylinder 21.

[0019] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 3 to 5As shown, the detection mechanism 1 includes a connecting pipe 12. A rubber pad 14 is fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe 12. The rubber pad 14 is evenly installed axially on the outside of the connecting pipe 12, and the upper and lower sides of the rubber pad 14 are tightly fitted with the opposite surfaces of the inner retaining ring 25. The inner wall of the inner retaining ring 25 does not contact the outside of the connecting pipe 12. A groove cylinder 15 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting pipe 12 away from the fixing mechanism 3. The end of the groove cylinder 15 away from the connecting pipe 12 has an annular groove. During installation, the protective mechanism 2 wraps and protects the outside of the connecting pipe 12. When penetrating into the soil, the pressure sensor 11 is positioned in the soil layer. The detection position is determined, and the pressure sensor 11 is made to be in close contact with the soil layer. After the equipment is fixed, the detection data of the pressure sensor 11 is set to the initial value. At the same time, during the detection process, the support cylinder 19 cooperates with the slot cylinder 15 to protect the connection position between the pressure sensor 11 and the transmission line 13. At the same time, through the electrical connection between the pressure sensor 11 and the transmission line 13, the transmission line 13 is connected to the analysis equipment to transmit the real-time data of the pressure sensor 11 to the analysis equipment. A rubber ring 18 is fixedly installed at the annular groove of the slot cylinder 15, and the support cylinder 19 is fixedly installed at the end of the rubber ring 18 away from the slot cylinder 15.

[0020] The support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 are located inside the connecting cylinder 23, and the outer sides of the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 do not contact the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 23. A pressure sensor 11 is fixedly installed at the end of the support cylinder 19 away from the slot cylinder 15. There is a gap between the bottom of the pressure sensor 11 and the top of the top pad ring 24. A transmission line 13 is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the pressure sensor 11. The transmission line 13 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 11, and the end of the transmission line 13 away from the pressure sensor 11 passes through the connecting pipe 12. An inner pad ring 17 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the connecting pipe 12 away from the slot cylinder 15. When the soil layer is disturbed and displaced due to the shield tunneling construction, the soil layer moves and squeezes the pressure sensor 11, applying pressure to the pressure sensor 11. The sensor 11 is analyzed by the transmission line 13. During the detection process, it is connected between the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 by the rubber ring 18. Utilizing the rubber deformation characteristics of the rubber ring 18, when the sensor 11 is installed deep in the soil, the top of the pressure sensor 11 is obstructed and impacted. This impact is transmitted to the rubber ring 18 through the support cylinder 19. The deformation of the rubber ring 18 under pressure is used for buffering. At the same time, during the detection process, when the soil is disturbed, the pressure sensor 11 is moved. The deformation of the rubber ring 18 can cause the axis of the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 to have an offset range within the constraint of the connecting cylinder 23. The inner pad ring 17 is made of elastic material, and the slot ring 16 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the inner pad ring 17. The outer side of the slot ring 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cover cylinder 21.

[0021] The third embodiment is based on embodiments one and two; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 8 to 11As shown, the fixing mechanism 3 includes a circular grooved plate 301. The outer side of the circular grooved plate 301 is fixedly connected to one end of the outer cover cylinder 21, and the outer side of the circular grooved plate 301 is evenly provided with circular through grooves. A fixing ring 304 is fixedly installed on the side of the circular grooved plate 301 away from the outer cover cylinder 21. The fixing ring 304 corresponds one-to-one with the circular through groove of the circular grooved plate 301, and an inner threaded cylinder 302 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing ring 304. The inner threaded cylinder 302 is located at the circular through groove of the circular grooved plate 301. After the detection mechanism 1 and the protection mechanism 2 are inserted into the soil layer from bottom to top, the circular groove... The top of the disc 301 is in close contact with the soil. Then, by rotating the top cylinder 303, the conical surface of the top cylinder 303 is gradually inserted into the soil layer through the threaded connection between the top cylinder 303 and the inner screw cylinder 302. The inner wall of the inner screw cylinder 302 is threadedly connected to the top cylinder 303. The outer end of the top cylinder 303 away from the fixing ring 304 is a conical surface. The inner wall of the top cylinder 303 near the fixing ring 304 is fixedly installed with an inner screw block 308. The inner wall of the inner screw block 308 is threadedly connected to a screw rod 309. The outer side of the screw rod 309 is fixedly installed with a limit block 307.

[0022] The outer side of the top cylinder 303 is evenly provided with sliding grooves, and an inner slider 305 is slidably installed in the sliding groove of the top cylinder 303. The non-opposing surface of the inner slider 305 is a convex inclined surface at the center position. An elastic block 306 is fixedly installed between the inner slider 305 and the top cylinder 303. An inner top column 310 is fixedly installed at one end of the screw 309. When the top cylinder 303 is inserted into the soil layer, the screw 309 is rotated. Through the threaded connection between the screw 309 and the inner screw block 308, the screw 309 drives the inner top column 310 to move inside the top cylinder 303. The conical surface of the inner top column 310 and the inner slider 306 are used to move the inner top column 310 inside the top cylinder 303. The contact between the opposing surfaces of the blocks 305 causes the inner top column 310 to move, pushing the inner slider 305 to slide on the inner wall of the top cylinder 303. During the sliding of the inner slider 305, the compression elastic block 306 deforms, causing the inner slider 305 to extend out of the top cylinder 303 after the top cylinder 303 penetrates into the soil layer, inserting into the soil outside the top cylinder 303, increasing the contact with the soil layer. The outer end of the inner top column 310 away from the screw 309 is a conical surface with an outer diameter that gradually decreases away from the screw 309. The conical surface of the inner top column 310 is in close contact with the opposing surface of the inner slider 305.

[0023] During use, in shield tunneling, for strata with soft upper layers and hard lower layers, multiple installation spaces are drilled in the hard lower layer. The equipment is then inserted into the spaces, allowing the detection mechanism 1 and protection mechanism 2 to penetrate deep into the strata. Finally, the equipment is fixed to the surface of the bottom layer of soil by the fixing mechanism 3, thus fixing the detection mechanism 1 and protection mechanism 2 inside the bottom layer of soil. This allows the detection equipment to perform pressure testing, and the construction disturbance detection is carried out by analyzing the detection data from multiple detection devices.

[0024] In the detection mechanism 1, during installation, the protective mechanism 2 wraps around the outside of the connecting pipe 12 for protection. When penetrating deep into the soil, the pressure sensor 11 is positioned at the detection location within the soil layer, ensuring close contact with the soil. After the equipment is fixed, the pressure sensor 11's detection data is initialized. During the detection process, the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 work together to protect the connection between the pressure sensor 11 and the transmission line 13. Simultaneously, through the electrical connection between the pressure sensor 11 and the transmission line 13, which connects to the analysis equipment, the real-time data from the pressure sensor 11 is transmitted to the analysis equipment. When the soil layer experiences disturbance or displacement due to shield tunneling construction, the pressure sensor 11 is... The soil layer moves and compresses the pressure sensor 11, applying pressure to the pressure sensor 11. The pressure sensor 11 is analyzed by the transmission line 13. During the detection process, a rubber ring 18 connects the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15. Utilizing the rubber deformation characteristics of the rubber ring 18, when the pressure sensor 11 is installed deep into the soil layer, the top of the pressure sensor 11 is obstructed and impacted, which is transmitted to the rubber ring 18 through the support cylinder 19. The deformation of the rubber ring 18 under pressure is used for buffering. At the same time, when the soil layer is disturbed during the detection process, causing the pressure sensor 11 to move, the deformation of the rubber ring 18 can cause the axis of the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15 to have an offset range within the constraint of the connecting cylinder 23.

[0025] In the protection mechanism 2, during the process of inserting the soil layer, the outer side of the outer cover cylinder 21 contacts the soil layer. During the process of penetrating the soil layer, the conical surface of the outer cover cylinder 21 cooperates with the connecting cylinder 23 to first penetrate into the soil. At the same time, during the operation, the connecting cylinder 23 limits the range of axial offset between the support cylinder 19 and the slot cylinder 15. When installing and fixing the equipment, pressure is applied to deform and compress the rubber ring 18. The top of the top pad ring 24 fits tightly with the bottom of the pressure sensor 11. At the same time, when the outer cover cylinder 21 penetrates into the soil layer, the evenly spaced inclined grooves 22 on the outer side are used to penetrate the soil layer. The squeezed soil can enter the interior of the inclined grooves 22. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the depth of the inclined grooves 22 gradually increases away from the connecting cylinder 23, when it is inserted into the bottom soil from bottom to top, the soil below the interior of the inclined grooves 22 uses the depth change of the inclined grooves 22 to limit the outer cover cylinder 21 from sliding down, thus assisting the fixing mechanism 3 in fixing.

[0026] In the fixed mechanism 3, after the detection mechanism 1 and the protection mechanism 2 are inserted into the soil layer from bottom to top, the top of the circular groove plate 301 is pressed tightly against the soil. Then, by rotating the top cylinder 303, the conical surface of the top cylinder 303 is gradually inserted into the soil layer through the threaded connection between the top cylinder 303 and the inner screw cylinder 302. After the top cylinder 303 is inserted into the soil layer, the screw 309 is rotated. Through the threaded connection between the screw 309 and the inner screw block 308, the screw 309 drives the inner top column 310 to the top. The inner cylinder 303 moves internally, and the conical surface of the inner top column 310 contacts the opposite surface of the inner slider 305. During the movement of the inner top column 310, the inner slider 305 is pushed to slide on the inner wall of the top cylinder 303. During the sliding of the inner slider 305, the elastic block 306 is compressed and deformed, so that after the top cylinder 303 penetrates into the soil layer, the inner slider 305 extends out of the inside of the top cylinder 303 and inserts into the soil outside the top cylinder 303, increasing the contact between the inner slider and the soil layer.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0028] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water-retention mining upper-soft lower-hard bottom layer shield construction disturbance detection device, characterized in that, include: The protection mechanism (2) has a detection mechanism (1) installed inside and a fixing mechanism (3) installed on the outside of the protection mechanism (2). The protective mechanism (2) includes an outer cover (21). The outer end of the outer cover (21) away from the fixing mechanism (3) is a tapered surface with an outer diameter that gradually decreases away from the fixing mechanism (3). A connecting cylinder (23) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the outer cover (21) away from the fixing mechanism (3). A top pad ring (24) is fixedly installed at the connecting cylinder (23) away from the outer cover (21). The top pad ring (24) is made of elastic material. Inclined grooves (22) are evenly provided on the outer side of the outer cover (21). The depth of the inclined grooves (22) gradually increases as they move away from the connecting cylinder (23).

2. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the outer cover (21) is fixedly installed with inner retaining rings (25), and the inner retaining rings (25) are installed in pairs along the axial direction on the inner wall of the outer cover (21).

3. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (1) includes a connecting pipe (12), and a rubber pad (14) is fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe (12). The rubber pad (14) is evenly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe (12) along the axial direction, and the upper and lower sides of the rubber pad (14) are tightly fitted with the opposite surface of the inner retaining ring (25). The inner wall of the inner retaining ring (25) does not contact the outside of the connecting pipe (12).

4. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: A slotted tube (15) is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting tube (12) away from the fixing mechanism (3). An annular groove is opened at one end of the slotted tube (15) away from the connecting tube (12), and a rubber ring (18) is fixedly installed at the annular groove of the slotted tube (15). A support tube (19) is fixedly installed at one end of the rubber ring (18) away from the slotted tube (15).

5. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support cylinder (19) and the slot cylinder (15) are located inside the connecting cylinder (23), and the outer sides of the support cylinder (19) and the slot cylinder (15) do not contact the inner wall of the connecting cylinder (23). A pressure sensor (11) is fixedly installed at one end of the support cylinder (19) away from the slot cylinder (15), and there is a gap between the bottom of the pressure sensor (11) and the top of the top pad ring (24).

6. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 5, characterized in that: A transmission line (13) is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the pressure sensor (11). The transmission line (13) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (11), and the end of the transmission line (13) away from the pressure sensor (11) passes through the connecting pipe (12). An inner gasket ring (17) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the connecting pipe (12) away from the slot cylinder (15). The inner gasket ring (17) is made of elastic material. A slot ring (16) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the inner gasket ring (17). The outer side of the slot ring (16) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cover cylinder (21).

7. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism (3) includes a circular grooved plate (301), the outer side of which is fixedly connected to one end of the outer cover cylinder (21), and the outer side of the circular grooved plate (301) is evenly provided with circular through grooves. A fixing ring (304) is fixedly installed on the side of the circular grooved plate (301) away from the outer cover cylinder (21). The fixing ring (304) corresponds one-to-one with the circular through groove of the circular grooved plate (301), and an inner screw cylinder (302) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing ring (304). The inner screw cylinder (302) is located at the circular through groove of the circular grooved plate (301).

8. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inner cylinder (302) is threadedly connected to the top cylinder (303). The outer end of the top cylinder (303) away from the fixing ring (304) is a tapered surface. The inner wall of the top cylinder (303) near the fixing ring (304) is fixedly installed with an inner screw block (308). The inner wall of the inner screw block (308) is threadedly connected to a screw rod (309). The outer side of the screw rod (309) is fixedly installed with a limit block (307).

9. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-conserving mining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer side of the top cylinder (303) is uniformly provided with sliding grooves, and an inner slider (305) is slidably installed at the sliding groove of the top cylinder (303). The non-opposing surface of the inner slider (305) is a convex inclined surface at the center position. An elastic block (306) is fixedly installed between the inner slider (305) and the top cylinder (303).

10. The disturbance detection equipment for shield tunneling construction with a soft upper and hard lower layer in water-retaining mining according to claim 9, characterized in that: An inner top post (310) is fixedly installed at one end of the screw (309). The outer end of the inner top post (310) away from the screw (309) is a tapered surface with an outer diameter that gradually decreases away from the screw (309). The tapered surface of the inner top post (310) is in close contact with the opposite surface of the inner slider (305).

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