Industrial energy-saving boiler coupled with microwave-induced hydrogen production from alcohol

Abstract

This invention discloses an industrial energy-saving boiler for microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production, belonging to the field of boiler energy saving and hydrogen energy technology. The boiler includes a boiler body, a microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device, and a microwave energy coupling device. Its core lies in directly integrating a microwave chemical reactor inside the boiler flue, using waste heat from the flue gas as the reaction heat source, and precisely injecting microwave energy into the reactor through an external microwave energy coupling device to drive the alcohol raw materials to efficiently reform into hydrogen-rich gas under the action of a catalyst. The generated hydrogen-rich gas is purified and then fed back to the boiler furnace for combustion, forming a closed-loop cycle of matter and energy. This invention achieves a deep integration of waste heat recovery from flue gas and distributed online hydrogen production, solves the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation, significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the boiler, and effectively reduces carbon emissions and pollutant emissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of boiler energy saving and hydrogen energy technology, specifically relating to an industrial boiler device that uses microwave energy to induce online hydrogen production from alcohols and feeds the generated hydrogen-rich gas back to the boiler for combustion, thereby achieving energy saving and emission reduction. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial boilers, as important energy conversion equipment, are widely used in industries such as power, heating, petrochemical, chemical, and steel. However, during boiler operation, a large amount of energy is discharged into the atmosphere in the form of high-temperature flue gas, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, the combustion process is also one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Currently, the space for improving boiler energy efficiency through technologies such as waste heat recovery and combustion optimization is becoming increasingly limited. There is an urgent need to introduce innovative technological paths to achieve the green and low-carbon transformation of boiler systems.

[0003] Hydrogen, as a clean and efficient secondary energy source, has a calorific value three times that of gasoline, and its combustion product is only water, making it an ideal fuel for achieving carbon emission reduction. Blending hydrogen into boiler furnaces to aid combustion has been proven to significantly improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen has long been limited by its high production costs, complex storage processes, and significant transportation safety hazards. Traditional chemical hydrogen production, such as natural gas reforming and methanol reforming, typically requires dedicated chemical plant areas under harsh conditions of high temperature and pressure, resulting in large-scale equipment and high investment costs. Furthermore, the storage and transportation of hydrogen further increase costs and safety risks. This makes the on-demand distributed hydrogen production model a more attractive solution.

[0004] Microwave chemistry, as an emerging green chemical technology, can directly and efficiently convert electromagnetic energy into the internal energy of matter. It features selective heating, hot spot effect, and plasma effect, which can significantly improve the rate and efficiency of chemical reactions and is expected to drive reactions under mild conditions. Current research has explored the application of microwave technology in hydrogen production processes, such as microwave water cracking for hydrogen production or microwave-driven methanol reforming for hydrogen production. However, existing technologies are mostly focused on catalyst development or laboratory-scale principle verification, lacking complete sets of equipment technologies that can be deeply integrated with existing high-energy-consuming equipment such as industrial boilers to achieve energy cascade utilization and material recycling. Directly embedding a microwave-induced hydrogen production reactor into the boiler flue, using the waste heat of the flue gas as the reaction heat source, and simultaneously directly feeding the generated hydrogen back to the furnace for combustion, constitutes a closed-loop energy-saving and carbon-reducing cycle system. Such innovative system integration schemes have not yet been reported in existing technologies.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a highly integrated industrial energy-saving boiler for coupled microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production. It can organically combine distributed hydrogen production with boiler combustion, fundamentally solve the problems of hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and at the same time significantly improve the energy utilization efficiency and environmental performance of the boiler. Summary of the Invention

[0006] An industrial energy-saving boiler for coupled microwave-induced hydrogen production from alcohols is characterized by comprising a boiler body, a microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device, and a microwave energy coupling device.

[0007] The boiler body is equipped with a furnace and a flue connected to the furnace.

[0008] The core component of the microwave-induced hydrogen production device, the microwave chemical reactor, is directly integrated and installed inside the flue of the boiler body. It contains a catalyst for catalyzing alcohol reforming reactions. Its outer wall is equipped with an enhanced heat exchange structure. The feed port of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to an external alcohol feedstock supply unit through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to the boiler furnace through a gas pipeline.

[0009] The microwave energy coupling device is installed outside the boiler body, and includes a microwave power source, a microwave isolator, a microwave modulator, a microwave coupler, and a microwave power distributor connected in sequence.

[0010] The microwave power source is fixed to the outer wall of the boiler as the energy starting point to generate basic microwave energy; the microwave isolator is connected to the output end of the power source to absorb reflected waves to protect the power source and maintain system stability; the microwave tuner is connected after the isolator to optimize transmission efficiency by automatically adjusting impedance matching.

[0011] The microwave coupler is located at the end and adopts a gradual transition structure from rectangular waveguide to circular waveguide. It integrates an optimized dielectric lens inside, and its working surface is precisely aligned with and penetrates the flue wall. The microwave coupler is rigidly connected to the microwave transparent sealing window opened on the side wall of the flue through a flange. The microwave transparent sealing window is made of high-strength aluminum nitride ceramic and is formed by a water-cooled jacket and the flue wall.

[0012] The microwave power distributor is connected after the microwave coupler to distribute microwave energy to multiple output ports. Each output port is connected to multiple microwave feed ports of the microwave chemical reactor via a feed line, so as to uniformly inject microwave energy into the microwave chemical reactor catalyst bed in the flue.

[0013] Preferably, the microwave chemical reactor includes a sealed microwave cavity and a chemical reactor placed therein; the microwave cavity is a metal cavity made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel, and its shape is square or round barrel; the chemical reactor is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metallic material that can penetrate microwaves, its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the microwave cavity, and it is isolated and sealed from the microwave cavity by metal cover plates at its upper and lower ends.

[0014] Furthermore, multiple microwave antenna elements are arranged on the inner sidewall of the microwave cavity. The number of antenna elements corresponds to the number of microwave feed ports and is evenly distributed in integer multiples of the wavelength. The antenna elements are slot antennas, single dipole antennas, or double dipole antenna elements.

[0015] The polarization directions of the microwave antenna vibrator are staggered to create a stirring pattern within the microwave cavity, resulting in a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic and temperature fields within the catalyst bed. The upper and lower ends of the microwave cavity are equipped with detachable metal reflective partitions, which are evenly distributed with honeycomb holes. Reactant vapors enter the chemical reactor through the honeycomb holes of the upper reflective partition, while the generated hydrogen-rich gas exits through the honeycomb holes of the lower reflective partition.

[0016] Preferably, the alcohol feedstock supply unit includes an alcohol storage tank, a transfer pump, a vaporizer, and a preheating coil; the inlet of the transfer pump is connected to the alcohol storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the preheating coil and the vaporizer in sequence; the preheating coil is arranged in the boiler flue and uses the waste heat of the flue gas to preheat the liquid alcohol; the preheating coil is arranged in close contact with the enhanced heat exchange structure on the outer wall of the microwave chemical reactor to form a cascaded preheating loop, which is first heated by convection of flue gas in the flue and then deeply preheated by heat conduction through the outer wall of the reactor;

[0017] The vaporizer uses the boiler system's own heat source or electric heating to completely vaporize the preheated alcohol into the steam required for the reaction.

[0018] Furthermore, the dielectric lens integrated in the microwave coupler is made of microwave dielectric ceramic with low loss tangent, and its working surface is a rotationally symmetric convex surface optimized by simulation. It is fixed in the near field region of the circular waveguide to focus microwave energy into the central region of the catalyst bed of the microwave chemical reactor.

[0019] The focal point of the dielectric lens is set at the geometric center of the catalyst bed, and the optical axis of the dielectric lens coincides with the physical axis of the microwave chemical reactor, so that microwave energy is injected symmetrically in three-dimensional space.

[0020] Preferably, the microwave-induced hydrogen production device further includes an alcohol raw material pretreatment and vaporization unit and a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit;

[0021] The outlet of the alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit is connected to the feed inlet of the microwave chemical reactor.

[0022] The inlet of the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification device is connected to the outlet of the microwave chemical reactor via a pipeline; its hydrogen outlet is connected to the furnace burner of the boiler body via a pipeline.

[0023] Furthermore, the outer wall of the microwave chemical reactor is designed with fins or a jacket structure to enhance heat exchange with the boiler flue gas.

[0024] Wherein, the fins are helical fins, and the jacket is a sealed cavity surrounding the outer wall of the reactor; the boiler flue gas flows through the gaps between the helical fins to continuously heat the reactor, preheating the alcohol feedstock participating in the reaction to the optimal temperature range required for its catalytic reforming, and maintaining a stable reaction temperature.

[0025] The jacket cavity is connected to the water space of the boiler drum through riser pipes and downcomer pipes, forming an independent natural circulation loop. It utilizes the waste heat of flue gas to generate micro-steam while cooling the reactor. The riser pipes are connected to the saturated water zone of the steam drum, and the downcomer pipes are led out from the water space of the steam drum.

[0026] Furthermore, the industrial energy-saving boiler also includes a display and control device that is communicatively connected to the boiler body;

[0027] The display and control device is connected to the microwave power source, the boiler combustion controller, and the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves. It is used to monitor the boiler load, flue gas temperature, reactor bed temperature, and microwave reflection power in real time, and dynamically adjust the microwave output power, feed rate, and combustion ratio. The display and control device is connected to an online flue gas analyzer installed at the furnace outlet via a data bus, and based on the real-time oxygen content and carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas, it dynamically optimizes the hydrogen-rich gas blending ratio by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves and the speed of the primary air fan in a closed-loop manner.

[0028] Preferably, the display and control device is also configured as a safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit, which automatically performs at least one of the following operations when it detects that the microwave reflection power exceeds the threshold, the reactor temperature is abnormal, or the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline pressure is abnormal: reducing the microwave power, shutting off the raw material supply, or starting nitrogen purging.

[0029] The logic controller of the safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit is bidirectionally interlocked with the safety tripping system of the boiler main burner through hard wiring. When the boiler main fuel trips, the interlock triggers the emergency shutdown procedure of the microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-unit; conversely, when the microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-unit experiences a major malfunction, it sends a load reduction warning signal to the boiler body.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, the industrial energy-saving boiler for coupled microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production provided by this invention achieves multi-dimensional innovative breakthroughs in energy, efficiency, cost, and safety. This system deeply integrates a microwave chemical reactor into the boiler flue, realizing cascaded and closed-loop energy utilization. It utilizes waste heat from boiler exhaust to directly provide a heat source for the hydrogen production reaction and preheat the alcohol feedstock. Simultaneously, the generated hydrogen-rich gas is directly returned to the furnace as a highly efficient and clean fuel for combustion. An intelligent control system dynamically coordinates the boiler load and hydrogen production rate, enabling the entire system to be optimized collaboratively and comprehensively achieve energy-saving effects. In the hydrogen production stage, microwave energy is used as the core driving energy. Its hotspot effect and plasma effect allow the alcohol reforming reaction to proceed efficiently under mild macroscopic conditions at ambient temperature and pressure or lower pressure. This not only reduces the requirements for equipment pressure and high temperature resistance but also avoids the temperature unevenness problem of traditional external heating through internal heating characteristics, significantly improving reaction activity. The invention achieves high hydrogen selectivity and feedstock conversion rate, while effectively inhibiting catalyst carbon buildup and poisoning, thus extending catalyst lifespan. The on-demand production model completely avoids the high costs and safety risks associated with hydrogen storage and transportation. Deep equipment integration reduces floor space and initial investment, and the use of inexpensive flue gas waste heat and widely available liquid alcohol fuels significantly lowers operating costs, demonstrating outstanding economic efficiency. In terms of environmental protection and safety, energy conservation and hydrogen substitution achieve dual carbon reduction from source to process, reducing the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, an integrated intelligent safety monitoring and interlocking protection system provides real-time monitoring and intelligent intervention for key parameters such as microwave reflection power, reaction temperature, and pipeline pressure, ensuring safe and reliable operation in hydrogen-related processes. In summary, this invention achieves deep coupling of material and energy flows through microwave energy linkage, constructing an efficient, economical, safe, and clean industrial energy supply. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To better understand and implement this application, the technical solution is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 This application provides an apparatus diagram for an industrial energy-saving boiler coupled with microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production;

[0034] Figure 2 This application provides a detailed diagram of a microwave energy coupling device for an industrial energy-saving boiler that couples microwave-induced hydrogen production from alcohols.

[0035] Boiler body - (1); Microwave-induced hydrogen production device - (2); Microwave energy coupling device - (3); Flue - (20); Microwave power source - (22); Microwave isolator - (23); Microwave modulator - (24); Microwave coupler - (25); Microwave power distributor - (26). Detailed Implementation

[0036] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description relating to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0037] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] The following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided in detail.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides an industrial energy-saving boiler for coupled microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production, characterized in that it includes a boiler body, a microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device, and a microwave energy coupling device.

[0041] The boiler body is equipped with a furnace and a flue connected to the furnace. The furnace adopts a membrane water-cooled wall structure and is lined with high-strength refractory material, which can withstand continuous high temperatures above 1300℃. The flue adopts a multi-pass optimized design, including a convection section and an economizer section. The inner wall of the flue is covered with an aluminum silicate composite insulation layer with an insulation thickness of 150-200mm. The flue is equipped with baffles and guide vanes to optimize the flue gas flow path and control the flue gas resistance within the range of 250-300Pa, while ensuring full contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange surface.

[0042] The boiler body is a gas-fired boiler, a coal-fired boiler, or an oil-fired boiler;

[0043] Among them, gas-fired boilers are equipped with premixed low-NOx burners, with NOx emissions below 50mg / m³; coal-fired boilers adopt chain grate or circulating fluidized bed combustion methods and are equipped with multi-stage dust removal and desulfurization devices; oil-fired boilers adopt mechanical atomization or steam atomization combustion methods and are equipped with oil preheating systems and flue gas recirculation devices; the rated working pressure of all types of boilers is 1.0-3.8MPa, and the thermal efficiency is above 94%;

[0044] Furthermore, the microwave-induced hydrogen production device utilizes the waste heat from high-temperature flue gas shared by different boilers as its reaction heat source. Specifically, it utilizes the heat in the mid-temperature range of flue gas temperature (350-600℃) and maintains the reaction zone temperature within the optimal reaction range of 250-400℃ through radiation and convection heat transfer. In coal-fired boiler systems, a bypass flue is installed before the economizer to directly guide some of the mid-temperature flue gas to the reactor. In gas-fired and oil-fired boiler systems, the flue gas behind the convection heating surface is used as a heat source, and the flue gas flow rate is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the induced draft fan.

[0045] The microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device feeds the generated hydrogen-rich gas back into the furnace as a general combustion aid and emission reduction medium. The hydrogen-rich gas is injected into the combustion zone of the furnace through a high-temperature resistant stainless steel injection device. The injection device adopts a multi-hole distributed design, and the injection angle is matched with the flow field of the main burner. In a gas-fired boiler, the hydrogen-rich gas is premixed with natural gas through a special mixer before entering the burner. In a coal-fired boiler, the hydrogen-rich gas is injected through a special nozzle arranged above the grate to promote the complete combustion of coal and coke. In an oil-fired boiler, the hydrogen-rich gas is mixed with atomized fuel oil at the burner outlet to improve the combustion characteristics of the fuel oil.

[0046] Specifically, optimized configuration enables rapid adaptation and installation on different boiler platforms. The flue gas interface uses standardized flange connections, with specifications including DN300-DN500 series. The thermal control system seamlessly integrates with the boiler's existing DCS system through standard communication protocols (such as ModbusTCP and PROFIBUS-DP). The safety protection system is equipped with multiple interlocks, including flue gas over-temperature protection, hydrogen concentration monitoring, and emergency shut-off devices, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system under various operating conditions.

[0047] The core component of the microwave-induced hydrogen production device, the microwave chemical reactor, is directly integrated and installed inside the flue of the boiler body. It contains a catalyst for catalyzing alcohol reforming reactions. Its outer wall is equipped with an enhanced heat exchange structure. The feed port of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to an external alcohol feedstock supply unit through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to the boiler furnace through a gas pipeline.

[0048] The microwave chemical reactor includes a sealed microwave cavity and a chemical reactor placed inside it; the microwave cavity is a metal cavity made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel, and its shape is square or round barrel; the chemical reactor is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metallic material that can penetrate microwaves, its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the microwave cavity, and it is isolated and sealed from the microwave cavity by metal cover plates at its upper and lower ends.

[0049] Furthermore, multiple microwave antenna elements are arranged on the inner sidewall of the microwave cavity. The number of antenna elements corresponds to the number of microwave feed ports and is evenly distributed in integer multiples of the wavelength. The antenna elements are slot antennas, single dipole antennas, or double dipole antenna elements. The polarization directions of the microwave antenna elements are staggered to create a stirring pattern within the microwave cavity, resulting in a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic and temperature fields within the catalyst bed. Removable metal reflective partitions are provided at the upper and lower ends of the microwave cavity. The reflective partitions are evenly distributed with honeycomb holes. Reactant vapors enter the chemical reactor through the honeycomb holes of the upper reflective partition, and the generated hydrogen-rich gas exits through the honeycomb holes of the lower reflective partition.

[0050] The reactor employs a modular flange connection design to ensure structural stability under boiler vibration conditions. The microwave cavity is integrally cast and mirror-polished, with a 3mm wall thickness in the 2.45GHz band and a 5mm wall thickness in the 915MHz band, achieving a Q value of over 2000. The chemical reactor is made of 99.6% high-purity alumina ceramic, maintaining a 1.5±0.2mm fit gap with the cavity, and is filled with silicon nitride ceramic fiber insulation material. The antenna elements are made of silver-plated copper, with a spacing of 61mm in the 2450MHz band and 164mm in the 915MHz band. The reflector is laser-cut from 310S stainless steel, with a 3mm aperture, 5mm spacing, and an open area ratio of 45%. The catalyst uses a cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier, loaded with copper-zinc-aluminum composite metal oxides, exhibiting high specific surface area and anti-carbon deposition properties.

[0051] Preferably, the microwave-induced hydrogen production device further includes an alcohol raw material pretreatment and vaporization unit and a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit;

[0052] The inlet of the pump is connected to the alcohol storage tank, and the outlet is connected in sequence to the preheating coil and the vaporizer. The preheating coil is arranged in the boiler flue and uses the waste heat of the flue gas to preheat the liquid alcohol. The vaporizer uses the boiler system's own heat source or electric heating to completely vaporize the preheated alcohol into the steam required for the reaction.

[0053] The raw material supply system adopts an integrated design. The alcohol storage tank is equipped with a double-layer vacuum insulation and nitrogen sealing device. The transfer pump is a magnetically driven diaphragm pump with a flow range of 0.5-5 m³ / h and a pressure resistance of 2.5 MPa. The preheating coil adopts a 316L stainless steel spiral structure and is configured with a heat exchange area of ​​5-20 m² according to the boiler capacity. The vaporizer adopts a shell-and-tube U-shaped arrangement, using the boiler saturated steam as a heat source, and precisely controls the vaporization temperature within the range of 200-250℃.

[0054] The microwave-induced hydrogen production device further includes an alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit and a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit; the outlet of the alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit is connected to the feed inlet of the microwave chemical reactor; the inlet of the PSA hydrogen purification unit is connected to the outlet of the microwave chemical reactor via a pipeline; and its hydrogen outlet is connected to the furnace burner of the boiler body via a pipeline.

[0055] The raw material pretreatment system includes a zinc oxide desulfurizer and a 3A molecular sieve dehydration tower to ensure that the sulfur content of the raw material is <0.1ppm and the water content is <10ppm. The pressure swing adsorption system adopts a 6-tower, 12-step process flow, filled with a composite adsorbent of activated alumina, molecular sieve and activated carbon, with a hydrogen recovery rate of 75%-85% and a purity stable at over 99.5%. The device is equipped with an online analyzer and an automatic regeneration program to achieve continuous and stable operation.

[0056] Furthermore, the outer wall of the microwave chemical reactor is designed with fins or a jacket structure to enhance heat exchange with the boiler flue gas; wherein the fins are helical fins, and the jacket is a sealed cavity surrounding the outer wall of the reactor; the boiler flue gas flows through the gaps between the helical fins to continuously heat the reactor, preheating the alcohol feedstock participating in the reaction to the optimal temperature range required for its catalytic reforming, and maintaining a stable reaction temperature;

[0057] The jacket cavity is connected to the water space of the boiler drum through riser pipes and downcomer pipes, forming an independent natural circulation loop. It utilizes the waste heat of flue gas to generate micro-steam while cooling the reactor. The riser pipes are connected to the saturated water zone of the steam drum, and the downcomer pipes are led out from the water space of the steam drum.

[0058] The heat exchange structure is designed with zoned zones based on the flue gas temperature gradient. The spiral fins are high-frequency welded, with a fin height of 20mm, a thickness of 1.2mm, a pitch of 15mm, and a fin ratio of 7.2. The surface is coated with an aluminum-silicon anti-corrosion coating. The jacket structure is a double-layer shell with a 25mm gap and an internal spiral guide plate. The device uses a three-impulse temperature control strategy, with the reaction temperature as the primary control and the flue gas temperature and feed flow rate as secondary controls, to stabilize the reaction zone temperature within the optimal range of 280-320℃ under flue gas flow rates of 5-8m / s. The feed pipeline is equipped with a pressure compensator and a temperature sensor, and the outlet pipeline is equipped with a quick-closing valve and an explosion-proof membrane, forming a complete safety protection system. The sealing system adopts a labyrinth structure, equipped with fluororubber O-rings and spring-loaded sealing rings to ensure reliability under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

[0059] The microwave energy coupling device is installed outside the boiler body, and includes a microwave power source, a microwave isolator, a microwave modulator, a microwave coupler, and a microwave power distributor connected in sequence. The microwave power source, serving as the energy starting point, is fixed to the outer wall of the boiler to generate basic microwave energy. A microwave isolator is immediately connected to the output of the power source, absorbing reflected waves to protect the power source and maintain system stability. A microwave modulator is connected after the isolator, automatically adjusting impedance matching to optimize transmission efficiency and reduce the standing wave ratio. A microwave coupler is located at the end, employing a gradient transition structure from rectangular to circular waveguides, and integrates an optimized dielectric lens. Its working surface is precisely aligned with and penetrates the flue wall. The microwave coupler is rigidly connected to a microwave-transparent sealing window on the side wall of the flue via a flange. This window is made of high-strength aluminum nitride ceramic and is formed by a water-cooled jacket connected to the flue wall. A microwave power distributor is connected after the microwave coupler, distributing microwave energy to multiple output ports. Each output port is connected to multiple microwave feed ports of the microwave chemical reactor via feed lines, uniformly injecting microwave energy into the microwave chemical reactor catalyst bed within the flue.

[0060] Furthermore, the dielectric lens integrated in the microwave coupler is made of microwave dielectric ceramic with low loss tangent, and its working surface is a rotationally symmetric convex surface optimized by simulation. It is fixed in the near field region of the circular waveguide to focus microwave energy into the central region of the catalyst bed of the microwave chemical reactor.

[0061] The focal point of the dielectric lens is set at the geometric center of the catalyst bed, and the optical axis of the dielectric lens coincides with the physical axis of the microwave chemical reactor, so that microwave energy is injected symmetrically in three-dimensional space.

[0062] Specifically, the components of this microwave energy coupling device are securely connected to the boiler steel structure via rigid mounting brackets, and its overall layout has been optimized for electromagnetic compatibility. The microwave power source can be selected from 5-30kW depending on the hydrogen production scale, and its operating frequency can be switched between 915MHz and 2450MHz. It is equipped with an independent forced-air cooling system to ensure long-term power output stability. The microwave isolator uses a water-cooled circulator structure, providing an isolation of no less than 20dB at the center frequency, effectively absorbing and dissipating more than 10% of reflected power. The microwave tuner uses a three-pin automatic matching structure, with a precision stepper motor driving the pin depth to achieve dynamic impedance matching, optimizing the system voltage standing wave ratio to below 1.5 in real time. The microwave coupler... The length of the transition section is rigorously calculated to ensure a smooth transition of the electromagnetic wave mode from the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide to the TM01 mode of the circular waveguide, with a conversion efficiency exceeding 95%. The microwave power divider employs an equal-amplitude, in-phase Wilkinson power divider network, guaranteeing an amplitude imbalance of less than 0.5dB and a phase inconsistency of less than 5 degrees at each output port within the operating bandwidth. The connecting feeders use low-loss coaxial cables with precisely designed equal lengths to ensure good consistency of the excitation signals reaching each microwave feed port. The curved shape of the dielectric lens is optimized and determined using full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, with the focal length precisely matching the axial position of the catalyst bed. The lens material is high-purity alumina ceramic, with a dielectric constant of 9.8 and a loss tangent of less than 0.0005 within the operating frequency band. The power capacity of the entire energy transmission link is designed with a margin, capable of withstanding 1.5 times the instantaneous overpower surge, ensuring reliable system operation under various conditions.

[0063] Furthermore, the industrial energy-saving boiler also includes a display and control device that is communicatively connected to the boiler body; the display and control device is connected to the microwave power source, the boiler's combustion controller, and the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves; the display and control device is used to monitor the boiler load, flue gas temperature, reactor bed temperature, and microwave reflection power in real time, and dynamically adjust the microwave output power, feed rate, and combustion ratio; the display and control device is connected to an online flue gas analyzer installed at the furnace outlet via a data bus, and based on the real-time oxygen content and carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas, it dynamically optimizes the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valve opening and the primary air fan speed through closed-loop adjustment.

[0064] Preferably, the display and control device is also configured as a safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit, which automatically performs at least one of the following operations when it detects that the microwave reflection power exceeds the threshold, the reactor temperature is abnormal, or the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline pressure is abnormal: reducing the microwave power, shutting off the raw material supply, or starting nitrogen purging.

[0065] The logic controller of the safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit is bidirectionally interlocked with the safety tripping system of the boiler main burner through hard wiring. When the boiler main fuel trips, the interlock triggers the emergency shutdown procedure of the microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-unit; conversely, when the microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-unit experiences a major malfunction, it sends a load reduction warning signal to the boiler body.

[0066] Specifically, the core hardware of the display and control device adopts an industrial-grade programmable logic controller (PLC) and distributed I / O modules, and is equipped with a redundant power supply module to ensure control continuity; the device exchanges data with the boiler main control system and microwave power source through the industrial Ethernet protocol, with a sampling period of less than 100 milliseconds; the human-machine interface (HMI) is deployed on the explosion-proof operation screen, dynamically displaying the hydrogen production rate, system energy efficiency ratio and key equipment operating status curves in the form of a configuration screen;

[0067] To support its monitoring functions, the system integrates a high-precision sensor network: boiler load signals are taken from feedback of the coal feeder or fuel regulating valve opening; flue gas temperature monitoring uses K-type thermocouples, which are arranged in the flue gas ducts before and after the economizer; reactor bed temperature is measured by multiple sheathed thermocouples that run through the catalyst bed; microwave reflected power is collected in real time by directional couplers and power detectors.

[0068] Its dynamic adjustment function relies on a built-in Advanced Process Control (APC) algorithm. This algorithm uses boiler load as the main feedforward signal and reactor bed temperature as the controlled variable, outputting the microwave power setpoint through a PID cascade control loop. The feed rate and microwave power are adjusted in a ratio to ensure the stability of alcohol vaporization and water-to-carbon ratio. The combustion ratio is dynamically corrected by a fuzzy PID controller based on the real-time production and composition analysis of hydrogen-rich gas.

[0069] At the safety interlock protection level, the system constructs a three-level alarm and interlock mechanism; the first-level alarm provides audible and visual alerts; the second-level alarm, in addition to providing alerts, automatically performs adjustment operations, such as reducing microwave power at a preset rate; the third-level alarm immediately triggers an emergency stop (ESD) sequence, whose logic processor independently judges the "AND" and "OR" logic, drives the closure of the raw material supply shut-off valve, switches to the nitrogen purging pipeline, and resets the microwave power source output to zero. The sequence of events (SOE) recording of all interlock actions achieves millisecond-level resolution.

[0070] In addition, the device has complete data management functions. All process variables, alarm events and operation logs are recorded and stored in the industrial real-time database, which supports historical data traceability and operation report generation, providing data support for equipment maintenance and process optimization.

[0071] This embodiment provides a workflow for an industrial energy-saving boiler that uses microwave-induced alcohol production to produce hydrogen, starting with the synergistic input of energy and matter: externally supplied liquid alcohol feedstock is first pumped into a preheating coil in the boiler flue, where it is initially heated using waste heat from the flue gas, and then completely converted into steam in a vaporizer; the process then enters the core conversion stage, where the vaporized alcohol steam is fed into a microwave chemical reactor integrated into the flue. This reactor simultaneously absorbs waste heat from the flue gas as a heat source for the reaction and receives microwave energy precisely injected by a microwave energy coupling device (sequentially via a power source, isolator, regulator, coupler, and power distributor), which efficiently reforms the hydrogen-rich gas under the action of a catalyst. Next comes the purification and reuse of the product. The generated hydrogen-rich gas is purified into high-purity hydrogen by a pressure swing adsorption device and then directly transported to the boiler furnace to mix with the main fuel for combustion, thereby significantly improving combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Finally, the entire process is optimized in a closed loop by an intelligent control system. This system monitors key parameters such as boiler load and reaction temperature in real time and dynamically adjusts microwave power, raw material feed and combustion ratio to form an energy-saving and carbon-reducing cycle that integrates waste heat recovery, distributed hydrogen production, high-efficiency combustion and intelligent control.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides an industrial energy-saving boiler for coupled microwave-induced alcohol hydrogen production, specifically optimized for coal-fired boiler systems; characterized by comprising a boiler body, a microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device, and a microwave energy coupling device;

[0074] The boiler body is a coal-fired boiler, employing a circulating fluidized bed combustion method, with a rated evaporation capacity of 20 t / h, an operating pressure of 2.5 MPa, and a thermal efficiency exceeding 95%. The boiler interior includes a furnace and a three-pass flue connected to the furnace. The furnace utilizes a membrane water-cooled wall structure lined with high-strength refractory material, capable of withstanding temperatures above 1400℃. The flue includes a high-temperature superheater section, an economizer section, and an air preheater section. The inner wall of the flue is covered with an aluminum silicate composite insulation layer with a thickness of 180 mm. To accommodate the high ash content of the coal-fired flue gas, the flue is equipped with wear-resistant lining plates and flow guiding devices. By optimizing the flue gas flow path, the flue gas resistance is controlled below 280 Pa, while ensuring sufficient contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange surface.

[0075] The microwave-induced hydrogen production device utilizes the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas of a coal-fired boiler as its reaction heat source, specifically utilizing the heat in the high-temperature range of 400-650℃. By setting an adjustable bypass flue before the economizer, a portion of the high-temperature flue gas is directly introduced to the microwave chemical reactor, maintaining the reaction zone temperature within the optimal reaction range of 300-450℃ through radiation and convection heat transfer. The flue gas flow rate is controlled in conjunction with a variable frequency induced draft fan and a regulating damper to ensure stable reactor heat load.

[0076] The microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device feeds the generated hydrogen-rich gas back into the furnace as a combustion aid and emission reduction medium. The hydrogen-rich gas is injected into the combustion zone of the furnace through a high-temperature resistant ceramic injection device. This device employs a multi-hole distributed design, positioned above the grate and at the four corners of the furnace, with the injection angle matched to the pulverized coal flow field to promote complete combustion of the coal and reduce nitrogen oxide formation. The hydrogen-rich gas is premixed with primary air before entering the combustion zone; by optimizing the mixing ratio, nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced to below 100 mg / m³.

[0077] The core component of the microwave-induced hydrogen production device, the microwave chemical reactor, is directly integrated into the flue of the boiler body. It contains a catalyst for alcohol reforming reactions. This catalyst uses a cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier and supports nickel-based composite metal oxides (Ni-Ce-Zr-O), exhibiting high sulfur resistance and carbon deposition resistance, making it suitable for reforming reactions of alcohol feedstocks such as methanol and ethanol. The reactor's outer wall features an enhanced heat exchange structure with a spiral fin design. The fins are 25mm high, 1.5mm thick, with a pitch of 18mm and a fin-to-weight ratio of 8.5. The surface is coated with a silicon carbide anti-corrosion coating to enhance heat exchange efficiency with high-ash flue gas. The microwave chemical reactor's feed inlet is connected to an external alcohol feedstock supply unit via a pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the boiler furnace via a gas pipeline.

[0078] The microwave chemical reactor includes a sealed microwave cavity and a chemical reactor placed within it. The microwave cavity is a circular, barrel-shaped metal cavity made of 310S stainless steel with a wall thickness of 6mm (optimized for the 915MHz band) and a Q value exceeding 2200. The chemical reactor is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metallic material (99.6% high-purity alumina ceramic) that can penetrate microwaves. Its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the microwave cavity, and it is isolated and sealed from the microwave cavity by metal covers at its upper and lower ends. Multiple microwave antenna elements are installed on the inner sidewalls of the microwave cavity. The number of antenna elements matches the number of microwave feed ports (four feed ports are used in this embodiment), and they are evenly distributed in integer multiples of the wavelength (the spacing between the elements in the 915MHz band is 164mm). The antenna elements are double dipole antenna elements made of silver-plated copper to enhance microwave coupling efficiency. The upper and lower ends of the microwave cavity are provided with detachable metal reflective partitions. The reflective partitions are evenly distributed with honeycomb holes, the hole diameter is 4mm, the hole spacing is 6mm, and the opening rate is 50%. The reactant vapor enters the chemical reactor through the honeycomb holes of the upper reflective partition, and the generated hydrogen-rich gas is discharged through the honeycomb holes of the lower reflective partition.

[0079] Preferably, the alcohol raw material supply unit includes an alcohol storage tank, a transfer pump, a vaporizer, and a preheating coil; the inlet of the transfer pump is connected to the alcohol storage tank, and the outlet is sequentially connected to the preheating coil and the vaporizer; the preheating coil is arranged in the boiler flue, utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas to preheat the liquid alcohol; the vaporizer uses the saturated steam of the boiler system itself as a heat source to completely vaporize the preheated alcohol into the steam required for the reaction. The raw material supply system adopts an explosion-proof design, and the alcohol storage tank is equipped with a double-layer vacuum insulation and nitrogen sealing device; the transfer pump is a magnetically driven diaphragm pump with a flow range of 1-10 m³ / h and a pressure resistance of 3.0 MPa; the preheating coil adopts a 310S stainless steel spiral structure with a heat exchange area of ​​15 m²; the vaporizer adopts a shell-and-tube U-shaped arrangement to precisely control the vaporization temperature within the range of 220-260℃.

[0080] The microwave-induced hydrogen production device also includes an alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit and a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit. The outlet of the alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit is connected to the feed inlet of the microwave chemical reactor. The inlet of the PSA hydrogen purification unit is connected to the outlet of the microwave chemical reactor via a pipeline. Its hydrogen outlet is connected to the furnace burner of the boiler body via a pipeline. The feedstock pretreatment system includes a zinc oxide desulfurizer and a 3A molecular sieve dehydration tower to ensure that the sulfur content of the feedstock is <0.1ppm and the water content is <10ppm. The PSA system adopts a 4-tower, 8-step process flow, filled with a composite adsorbent of activated alumina, molecular sieve, and activated carbon, with a hydrogen recovery rate of 80%-90% and a purity stable at over 99.5%.

[0081] The microwave energy coupling device is installed outside the boiler body and includes a microwave power source, a microwave isolator, a microwave modulator, a microwave coupler, and a microwave power distributor connected in sequence. The microwave power source, as the energy starting point, is fixed to the outer wall of the boiler to generate basic microwave energy. This embodiment uses a 915MHz frequency band, 20kW power level microwave power source equipped with an independent forced air cooling system. The microwave isolator is immediately connected to the output end of the power source and adopts a water-cooled circulator structure, providing an isolation of no less than 25dB at the center frequency, effectively absorbing and dissipating more than 15% of reflected power. The microwave modulator is connected after the isolator and adopts a four-pin automatic matching structure. A precision stepper motor drives the pin depth to achieve dynamic impedance matching, optimizing the system voltage standing wave ratio to below 1.3 in real time. The microwave coupler is located at the end and adopts a gradual transition structure from rectangular waveguide to circular waveguide. It integrates an optimized dielectric lens, and its working surface is precisely aligned with and penetrates the flue wall. The microwave power distributor is connected after the microwave coupler and distributes microwave energy to multiple output ports. Each output port is connected to multiple microwave feed ports of the microwave chemical reactor through a feed line, thereby uniformly injecting microwave energy into the microwave chemical reactor catalyst bed in the flue.

[0082] Furthermore, the dielectric lens integrated in the microwave coupler is made of microwave dielectric ceramic with low loss tangent (high-purity alumina ceramic, dielectric constant of 9.8, loss tangent value less than 0.0005). Its working surface is a rotationally symmetric convex surface optimized by simulation and is fixed in the near field region of the circular waveguide to focus microwave energy into the central region of the catalyst bed of the microwave chemical reactor. The power capacity of the entire energy transmission link is designed with a margin to withstand 1.5 times the instantaneous overpower impact, ensuring reliable operation of the system in the high vibration environment of the coal-fired boiler.

[0083] Furthermore, the boiler is constructed as an integrated device, which includes: a boiler body, a microwave-induced hydrogen production sub-device, a microwave energy coupling device, and a display and control device that is signal-connected to the above three; the display and control device is signal-connected to the microwave power source, the boiler's combustion controller, and the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves, and is used to monitor the boiler load, flue gas temperature, reactor bed temperature, and microwave reflection power in real time, and dynamically adjust the microwave output power, feed rate, and combustion ratio.

[0084] Specifically, the core hardware of the display and control device adopts an industrial-grade programmable logic controller (PLC) and distributed I / O modules, and is equipped with redundant power supply modules. The device exchanges data with the boiler main control system and microwave power source through the PROFIBUS-DP protocol, with a sampling period of less than 50 milliseconds. To adapt to the complex operating conditions of coal-fired boilers, the system integrates a high-precision sensor network: the boiler load signal is taken from the feeder speed feedback; the flue gas temperature monitoring uses S-type thermocouples, which are arranged in the flue gas ducts before and after the economizer; the reactor bed temperature is measured by multiple sheathed thermocouples that penetrate the catalyst bed; and the microwave reflected power is collected in real time by a directional coupler and a power detector.

[0085] Its dynamic adjustment function relies on the built-in model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. The algorithm uses boiler load and flue gas composition as feedforward signals and reactor bed temperature as the controlled variable, and outputs microwave power setpoint through a multivariable control loop. The feed rate and microwave power are adjusted in ratio to ensure the stability of alcohol vaporization and water-carbon ratio. The combustion formula is dynamically corrected by an adaptive PID controller based on the real-time production and composition analysis of hydrogen-rich gas.

[0086] Preferably, the display and control device is also configured as a safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit. When the microwave reflection power exceeds the threshold, the reactor temperature is abnormal, or the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline pressure is abnormal, it automatically performs at least one of the following operations: reducing microwave power, shutting off the raw material supply, or initiating nitrogen purging. In response to the dust risk of coal-fired boilers, the system also adds hydrogen concentration monitoring and dust concentration interlocking, which triggers an emergency shutdown when hydrogen leaks or dust accumulates.

[0087] This embodiment achieves stable hydrogen production and high energy efficiency under high ash and high sulfur flue gas conditions through optimized design for coal-fired boilers, with an overall energy saving effect of over 15% and a significant reduction in pollutant emissions.

Claims

1. An industrial energy-saving boiler coupled with microwave-induced hydrogen production from alcohols, characterized in that, This includes the boiler body, the microwave-induced hydrogen production device, and the microwave energy coupling device; The boiler body is equipped with a furnace and a flue connected to the furnace. The core component of the microwave-induced hydrogen production device, the microwave chemical reactor, is integrated and installed inside the flue of the boiler body, and is loaded with a catalyst for catalyzing alcohol reforming reactions. Its outer wall is provided with an enhanced heat exchange structure. The feed port of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to an external alcohol raw material supply unit through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the microwave chemical reactor is connected to the boiler furnace through a gas pipeline. The microwave energy coupling device is installed outside the boiler body, and includes a microwave power source, a microwave isolator, a microwave modulator, a microwave coupler, and a microwave power distributor connected in sequence. The microwave power source is fixed to the outer wall of the boiler as the energy starting point to generate basic microwave energy; the microwave isolator is connected to the output end of the power source to absorb reflected waves to protect the power source and maintain system stability. The microwave tuner is connected after the isolator and optimizes transmission efficiency by automatically adjusting impedance matching. The microwave coupler is located at the end and adopts a gradient transition structure from rectangular waveguide to circular waveguide. It integrates an optimized dielectric lens, whose working surface is aligned with and penetrates the flue wall. The microwave coupler is rigidly connected to a microwave-transparent sealing window formed on the side wall of the flue via a flange. The microwave-transparent sealing window is made of high-strength aluminum nitride ceramic and is connected to the flue wall via a water-cooled jacket. The microwave power distributor is connected after the microwave coupler to distribute microwave energy to multiple output ports. Each output port is connected to multiple microwave feed ports of the microwave chemical reactor via a feed line, so as to uniformly inject microwave energy into the microwave chemical reactor catalyst bed in the flue.

2. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The microwave chemical reactor includes a sealed microwave cavity and a chemical reactor placed inside it; the microwave cavity is a metal cavity made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel, and its shape is square or round barrel; the chemical reactor is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metallic material that can penetrate microwaves, its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the microwave cavity, and it is isolated and sealed from the microwave cavity by metal cover plates at its upper and lower ends.

3. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Multiple microwave antenna elements are arranged on the inner sidewall of the microwave cavity. The number of antenna elements corresponds to the number of microwave feed ports and is evenly distributed in integer multiples of the wavelength. The antenna elements are slot antennas, single dipole antennas, or double dipole antenna elements. The polarization directions of the microwave antenna vibrator are staggered to create a stirring pattern within the microwave cavity, resulting in a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic and temperature fields within the catalyst bed. The upper and lower ends of the microwave cavity are equipped with detachable metal reflective partitions, which are evenly distributed with honeycomb holes. Reactant vapors enter the chemical reactor through the honeycomb holes of the upper reflective partition, while the generated hydrogen-rich gas exits through the honeycomb holes of the lower reflective partition.

4. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein The alcohol feedstock supply unit includes an alcohol storage tank, a transfer pump, a vaporizer, and a preheating coil. The inlet of the transfer pump is connected to the alcohol storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the preheating coil and the vaporizer in sequence. The preheating coil is arranged in the boiler flue and uses the waste heat of the flue gas to preheat the liquid alcohol. The preheating coil is arranged in close contact with the enhanced heat exchange structure on the outer wall of the microwave chemical reactor to form a cascaded preheating loop. It is first heated by the convection of the flue gas in the flue and then deeply preheated by the heat conduction through the outer wall of the reactor. The vaporizer uses the boiler system's own heat source or electric heating to completely vaporize the preheated alcohol into the steam required for the reaction.

5. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The dielectric lens integrated in the microwave coupler is made of microwave dielectric ceramic with low loss tangent. Its working surface is a rotationally symmetric convex surface optimized by simulation and is fixed in the near field region of the circular waveguide to focus microwave energy into the central region of the catalyst bed of the microwave chemical reactor. The focal point of the dielectric lens is set at the geometric center of the catalyst bed, and the optical axis of the dielectric lens coincides with the physical axis of the microwave chemical reactor, so that microwave energy is injected symmetrically in three-dimensional space.

6. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The microwave-induced hydrogen production device also includes an alcohol raw material pretreatment and vaporization unit and a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit. The outlet of the alcohol feedstock pretreatment and vaporization unit is connected to the feed inlet of the microwave chemical reactor. The inlet of the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification device is connected to the outlet of the microwave chemical reactor via a pipeline. Its hydrogen outlet is connected to the furnace burner of the boiler body via a pipeline.

7. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 2, wherein The outer wall of the microwave chemical reactor is designed with fins or a jacket structure to enhance heat exchange with boiler flue gas. Wherein, the fins are helical fins, and the jacket is a sealed cavity surrounding the outer wall of the reactor; the boiler flue gas flows through the gaps between the helical fins to continuously heat the reactor, preheating the alcohol feedstock participating in the reaction to the optimal temperature range required for its catalytic reforming, and maintaining a stable reaction temperature. The jacket cavity is connected to the water space of the boiler drum through riser pipes and downcomer pipes, forming an independent natural circulation loop. It utilizes the waste heat of flue gas to generate micro-steam while cooling the reactor. The riser pipes are connected to the saturated water zone of the steam drum, and the downcomer pipes are led out from the water space of the steam drum.

8. The industrial energy saving boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It also includes a display and control device that is communicatively connected to the boiler body; The display and control device is connected to the microwave power source, the boiler combustion controller, and the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves. It is used to monitor the boiler load, flue gas temperature, reactor bed temperature, and microwave reflection power in real time, and dynamically adjust the microwave output power, feed rate, and combustion ratio. The display and control device is connected to an online flue gas analyzer installed at the furnace outlet via a data bus, and based on the real-time oxygen content and carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas, it dynamically optimizes the hydrogen-rich gas blending ratio by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline valves and the speed of the primary air fan in a closed-loop manner.

9. The industrial energy saving boiler as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The display and control device is also configured as a safety monitoring and interlocking protection unit. When it detects that the microwave reflection power exceeds the threshold, the reactor temperature is abnormal, or the hydrogen-rich gas pipeline pressure is abnormal, it automatically performs at least one of the following operations: reducing the microwave power, shutting off the raw material supply, or starting nitrogen purging.

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