A roasting device and roasting process for fragile ores to prevent accumulation and overheating

Abstract

This invention discloses a roasting device and process for preventing accumulation and over-burning of fragile ores, relating to the field of fragile ores roasting. Specifically, it includes a main structure and electrical control components. An emergency cooling component is installed on the outer side of the main structure, and a feeding component is installed at the output end of the main structure. A diversion component is installed inside the feeding component. The main structure includes a vertical kiln body, a feed hopper fixedly installed on the top of the vertical kiln body, a roasting group installed inside the vertical kiln body, and a heating frame fixedly connected to the side of the main structure. This invention continuously collects the material temperature using a temperature sensor at the feeding point. Upon determining that the material is red-hot, it drives an L-shaped distribution plate to switch the discharge channel, guiding the red-hot material into an independent fireproof collection trough. This eliminates the need for manual sorting, overcoming the low efficiency, high risk of burns, and belt burn hazards associated with manual sorting, significantly improving the efficiency and safety of the discharge process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of calcination technology for fragile ores, specifically to a calcination device and calcination process for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning. Background Technology

[0002] A vertical kiln is a vertical thermal equipment used in calcination processes, widely applied in the refractory materials and lime industries. Currently, the production of metallurgical lime mainly relies on fine-grained limestone. However, with the gradual depletion of this high-quality resource, coarse-grained limestone is considered the most ideal substitute. But practical applications have revealed new technical challenges. Due to the poor anti-explosion properties and low mechanical strength of coarse-grained limestone, it frequently fractures and disintegrates within the kiln, leading to a sharp increase in powdery materials. The following technical problems exist in actual production: 1. Fragile ores are prone to agglomeration after roasting, which can lead to material accumulation and poor feeding inside the vertical kiln. In severe cases, this can cause kiln expansion. Existing vertical kilns do not have a real-time automatic detection device for accumulation, so faults cannot be detected in time, and manual troubleshooting is highly delayed. 2. If the material cannot be cooled down quickly after it accumulates, the agglomerates will harden further, increasing the difficulty of clearing blockages. Existing vertical kilns lack targeted emergency structures for rapid cooling. 3. During the roasting process, local over-burning is likely to occur, resulting in the material discharged from the discharge port being too hot (red material). If it falls directly onto the conveyor belt, it will burn the belt and may even cause a fire. The existing discharge structure does not have the function of automatically diverting red material. 4. The internal working conditions of the vertical kiln cannot be observed directly, and it is impossible for personnel to grasp the actual situation of material falling, accumulating, and roasting in a timely manner, which is not conducive to fault prediction and timely handling.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, structural improvements have been made to the vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores. These improvements include the addition of automatic detection, emergency cooling, red material diversion, and visual observation mechanisms to achieve automated protection during the operation. This has become a pressing technical problem in the field. Therefore, we provide a roasting device and process for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning, in order to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a roasting device and roasting process for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and overheating, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and over-burning, comprising a main structure and an electrical control component. An emergency cooling component is provided on the outside of the main structure, a feeding component is provided at the output end of the main structure, and a diversion component is provided inside the feeding component. The main structure includes a vertical kiln body, a feed hopper fixedly installed on the top of the vertical kiln body, a roasting group set inside the vertical kiln body, a heating frame fixedly connected to the side of the main structure, and an input burner fixedly connected to the heating frame. The emergency cooling assembly includes a blower, a main cold air pipe connected to the blower outlet, multiple cold air branch pipes connected to the main cold air pipe and extending into the vertical kiln body, and an electric butterfly valve installed on each cold air branch pipe. The vertical kiln body is equipped with an accumulation detection component, which includes multiple material level sensors installed on the top surface of the vertical kiln body and temperature sensors installed on the outer wall of the vertical kiln body. The diversion assembly includes a temperature sensor fixedly installed on the upper inner side of the feeding assembly, an L-shaped feeding plate slidably connected inside the feeding assembly, an electric threaded rod rotatably connected inside the feeding assembly, and a motor installed inside the feeding assembly to drive the electric threaded rod to rotate.

[0006] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a viewing window assembly is provided on the side of the vertical kiln body, the viewing window assembly includes a viewing hole formed in the side wall of the vertical kiln body, a sealing flange is provided on the side of the viewing hole, a high-temperature resistant tempered glass is movably connected inside the sealing flange, and a protective cover is hinged to the side of the viewing hole.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the material level sensor is an infrared induction material level sensor; and the temperature sensor is a thermocouple temperature sensor.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the cold air branch pipes are evenly arranged along the circumference of the vertical kiln body, with four groups per layer, and the upper and lower layers are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the vertical kiln body; the blower is a variable frequency high-pressure blower.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the bottom surface of the feeding component is provided with a target discharge port, the side surface of the feeding component is provided with a red material outlet, and the L-shaped material distribution plate is slidably connected inside the channel communicating with the red material outlet.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the electric threaded rod is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the channel communicating with the red material outlet, and one end of the L-shaped material distribution plate penetrates the bottom surface of the feeding assembly and is threadedly connected to the surface of the electric threaded rod. The position of the L-shaped material distribution plate can be changed by the motor, thereby changing the material flow inside the feeding assembly.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a belt conveyor is provided at the output end of the feeding component, and a red material collection trough is also provided on the bottom surface of the feeding component. The belt conveyor and the red material collection trough are respectively located at the output ends of the target discharge port and the red material outlet. The interior of the red material collection trough is lined with fireproof and heat-insulating material.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the electrical control component is equipped with a PLC controller, a touch screen display and an alarm device; the diversion component, the material level sensor, the temperature sensor and the electric butterfly valve are all electrically connected to the PLC controller; and the alarm device is an audible and visual alarm.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a roasting process for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning. The method of using the roasting device for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning includes the following steps: S1. Preset operating parameters and system self-test: Material accumulation warning parameters, emergency cooling parameters, red material diversion parameters and alarm parameters are set through the touch screen of the electronic control component, stored in the PLC controller, and the communication and operating status of all sensors and actuators are self-tested. S2. Start roasting and continuous feeding: After the self-inspection is passed, the burner starts at the preset power. The material is continuously fed into the vertical kiln body from the top feed hopper for roasting and is conveyed downward to the feeding assembly. S3. Real-time acquisition of material level and temperature data: Multiple sets of material level sensors continuously collect the material level height in the kiln, and multiple sets of temperature sensors collect the kiln wall temperature of the corresponding roasting area at a set frequency. All data are transmitted to the PLC controller in real time. S4. Dynamic analysis of accumulation and temperature anomalies: The PLC controller uses the material accumulation analysis model to calculate the material level drop rate and compares the temperature detection values ​​of each area to determine whether there is an abnormal slowdown in accumulation or an abnormal temperature rise. S5. Implement emergency cooling and manual intervention: When the temperature rises abnormally, shut down all burners, open the electric butterfly valve of the cold air branch pipe and adjust the blower to the highest setting to introduce a large amount of cold air into the kiln for rapid cooling and loosening of agglomerates; the operator can observe the material status through the viewing window component, and if necessary, manually control the specified cold air branch pipe and blower setting to prolong the cooling until the accumulation is completely cleared. S6. Detect and divert overheated material: The temperature sensor inside the feeding assembly collects the surface temperature of the falling material. The PLC controller determines that the detection results exceeding the threshold multiple times are overheated material, triggering the red material diversion alarm. The motor drives the L-shaped material distribution plate to slide, blocking the target outlet and opening the red material outlet, so that the red material falls into the red material collection tank. S7. Restore normal material discharge and clear the alarm: After the temperature sensor continuously detects that the temperature has returned to normal, the PLC controller controls the motor to reverse, the L-shaped material distribution plate resets and blocks the red material outlet, opens the target material outlet, and normal material falls into the belt conveyor. The audible and visual alarm automatically stops, and the touch screen records the time, highest temperature and duration of this red material diversion. S8. Natural cooling and manual recycling of red pigment: After the overburned red pigment in the collection tank is naturally cooled to room temperature, it is cleaned and recycled manually. It can be returned to the feeding hopper for re-roasting or treated as a defective product separately. S9. Window Protection and Emergency Stop Procedures: During normal production, the protective cover is closed to maintain a seal. In case of accumulation warning or emergency cooling, the operator opens the protective cover and uses the cold air discharged from the cold air branch pipe to form a cooling air curtain on the surface of the high-temperature tempered glass for clear observation. Adjust parameters or press the emergency stop button to stop the machine for maintenance as needed. Close the protective cover promptly after observation is completed.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a roasting device for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and overheating, enabling automatic detection and emergency response to abnormal operating conditions. It collects data from inside the kiln in real time through multiple sets of material level and temperature sensors, and automatically identifies material accumulation and overheating by using a built-in analysis model in a PLC. This triggers a full-process emergency operation that shuts off the heat source and fully opens the cold air, eliminating the need for real-time manual inspection. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional vertical kilns, such as delayed judgment and untimely response, and significantly improves operational safety and stability.

[0015] This invention provides a roasting device for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning by automatically identifying and diverting over-burned materials. The device continuously collects the material temperature through a temperature sensor at the feeding point. After the PLC determines that the material is over-burned, it drives an L-shaped material distribution plate to switch the discharge channel and guide the over-burned material into an independent fireproof collection tank. This eliminates the need for manual sorting, overcoming the low efficiency, high risk of burns, and potential damage to the conveyor belt caused by manual sorting, and significantly improving the efficiency and safety of the discharge process.

[0016] This invention provides a roasting device for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning, enabling clear visibility of kiln conditions and real-time parameter adjustment. By arranging the observation hole behind the outlet of the cold air branch pipe, a cooling and dust removal air curtain is formed using cold air. Combined with a sealed protective structure and PLC real-time parameter adjustment function, no additional glass cleaning and cooling device is required. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional windows that are easily damaged and accumulate dust, and have fixed parameters, thus improving the clarity of observation of operating conditions and the flexibility of device operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the emergency cooling component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding assembly and diversion assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shunt component form switching structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the window component structure of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Main structure; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Heating frame; 4. Burner; 5. Vertical kiln body; 6. Feeding assembly; 61. Target discharge port; 62. Red material outlet; 7. Belt conveyor; 8. Stacking detection assembly; 81. Material level sensor; 82. Temperature sensor; 9. Emergency cooling assembly; 91. Blower; 92. Main cold air pipe; 93. Branch cold air pipe; 94. Electric butterfly valve; 10. Viewing window assembly; 101. Visual observation hole; 102. High-temperature tempered glass; 103. Sealing flange; 104. Protective cover; 11. Diversion assembly; 111. Temperature sensor; 112. L-shaped material distribution plate; 113. Electric threaded rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments: First aspect, Example 1: as follows Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and over-burning, including a main structure 1 and an electrical control component. An emergency cooling component 9 is provided on the outside of the main structure 1, a feeding component 6 is provided at the output end of the main structure 1, and a diversion component 11 is provided inside the feeding component 6. The main structure 1 includes a vertical kiln body 5, a feed hopper 2 fixedly installed on the top of the vertical kiln body 5, a roasting group set inside the vertical kiln body 5, a heating frame 3 fixedly connected to the side of the main structure 1, and a burner 4 fixedly connected to the input end of the heating frame 3. A viewing window assembly 10 is provided on the side of the vertical kiln body 5. The viewing window assembly 10 includes a viewing observation hole 101 that opens into the side wall of the vertical kiln body 5. A sealing flange 103 is provided on the side of the viewing observation hole 101. A high-temperature resistant tempered glass 102 is movably connected inside the sealing flange 103. The maximum heat resistance temperature of the high-temperature resistant tempered glass 102 exceeds 1200℃, which is suitable for the high-temperature environment inside the kiln. A protective cover 104 is hinged to the side of the visual observation hole 101. The number of visual observation holes 101 corresponds one-to-one with the cold air branch pipe 93 and is located 10-15cm behind the outlet of the corresponding cold air branch pipe 93. The cold air discharged from the cold air branch pipe 93 can form a cooling air curtain on the surface of the high temperature resistant tempered glass 102, protecting it from damage by the high temperature inside the kiln. The emergency cooling component 9 includes a blower 91, a main cold air pipe 92 connected to the outlet of the blower 91, multiple cold air branch pipes 93 connected to the main cold air pipe 92 and extending into the vertical kiln body 5, and an electric butterfly valve 94 installed on each cold air branch pipe 93. The cold air branch pipes 93 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the vertical kiln body 5, with four sets per layer. The upper and lower layers are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the vertical kiln body 5. The blower 91 is a variable frequency high-pressure blower. The air outlet of the cold air branch pipe 93 is set in the easy accumulation area of ​​the vertical kiln body 5. The cold air output by the cold air branch pipe 93 can reduce the temperature of the accumulation area in the kiln, and at the same time loosen the accumulated materials to assist in feeding. The vertical kiln body 5 is equipped with an accumulation detection component 8. The accumulation detection component 8 includes multiple material level sensors 81 installed on the top surface of the vertical kiln body 5 and temperature sensors 82 installed on the outer side wall of the vertical kiln body 5. The material level sensors 81 are infrared induction material level sensors; the temperature sensors 82 are thermocouple temperature sensors. The diversion assembly 11 includes a temperature sensor 111 fixedly installed on the upper inner side of the feeding assembly 6, the temperature sensor 111 being positioned on the upper inner side of the feeding assembly 6 directly facing the material falling path, an L-shaped distribution plate 112 slidably connected inside the feeding assembly 6, an electric threaded rod 113 rotatably connected inside the feeding assembly 6, and a motor installed inside the feeding assembly 6 for driving the electric threaded rod 113 to rotate. The L-shaped distribution plate 112 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy material, coated with a fireproof and heat-insulating coating, and slides along one side of the inner wall of the feeding assembly 6. The bottom surface of the feeding component 6 is provided with a target discharge port 61, and the side of the feeding component 6 is provided with a red material outlet 62. The L-shaped material distribution plate 112 is slidably connected inside the channel communicating with the red material outlet 62. The electric threaded rod 113 is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the channel that communicates with the red material outlet 62. One end of the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 passes through the bottom surface of the feeding assembly 6 and is threadedly connected to the surface of the electric threaded rod 113. The position of the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 can be changed by the motor, thereby changing the material direction inside the feeding assembly 6. The output end of the feeding component 6 is equipped with a belt conveyor 7, and the bottom surface of the feeding component 6 is also equipped with a red material collection trough. The belt conveyor 7 and the red material collection trough are respectively located at the output ends of the target discharge port 61 and the red material outlet 62. The inside of the red material collection trough is lined with fireproof and heat-insulating material. The red material collection trough is located away from the belt conveyor 7 so that they do not affect each other. The electrical control assembly includes a PLC controller, a touch screen, and an alarm device. The diversion component 11, the level sensor 81, the temperature sensor 82, and the electric butterfly valve 94 are all electrically connected to the PLC controller. The alarm device is an audible and visual alarm. The PLC controller has a built-in material accumulation analysis model, which is used to perform fusion analysis and trend simulation on the multi-dimensional data of the level sensor 81 and the temperature sensor 82 to identify early signs of material accumulation. The PLC controller is also electrically connected to the burner 4 to automatically shut down the burner when material accumulation is detected. The electric butterfly valve 94 on each cold air branch pipe 93 is independently electrically connected to the PLC controller and can be controlled individually. In this embodiment, before the device is started, the operator presets the basic operating parameters through the touch screen of the electronic control component, including material accumulation warning parameters, emergency cooling parameters, red material diversion parameters, and alarm parameters. All parameters are stored in the PLC controller and support real-time adjustment during production. After the parameters are set, the PLC controller self-checks the communication and operating status of all sensors and actuators. After the self-check is passed, the device enters the normal roasting mode, the burner 4 starts at the preset power, and the material is continuously fed into the vertical kiln body 5 from the feed hopper 2 at the top of the main structure 1. After being roasted by the roasting group, it is conveyed downward to the feeding component 6. Multiple sets of material level sensors 81, evenly arranged on the top surface of the vertical kiln body 5, continuously collect data on the material level height inside the kiln. Multiple sets of temperature sensors 82 on the outer wall of the vertical kiln body 5 collect kiln wall temperature data for the corresponding roasting area at a set frequency. All data is transmitted to the PLC controller in real time. The material accumulation analysis model built into the PLC controller dynamically processes the data, including calculating the rate of material level descent per unit time to determine if there is an abnormal slowdown, and comparing the detection values ​​of the temperature sensors 82 in each area. When the temperature inside the vertical kiln body 5 rises abnormally, the PLC controller shuts down all burners 4, cuts off all heat sources inside the kiln, opens all 8 electric butterfly valves 94 of the cold air branch pipes 93, and the blower 91 is set to the highest level to introduce a large amount of cold air into the vertical kiln body 5, which quickly reduces the overall temperature and loosens the agglomerated materials. Once all indicators return to normal and stabilize, the PLC controller sequentially shuts down all electric butterfly valves 94 and blowers 91, and gradually restarts burner 4 according to the preset program to restore normal roasting. During emergency cooling, operators can visually observe the material status through the corresponding viewing window component 10. If the accumulation is not eliminated after automatic cooling, the operator can manually control the on / off state of the designated cold air branch pipe 93 and the setting of blower 91 through the touch screen to extend the cooling time until the accumulation is completely cleared. The temperature sensor 111 located on the upper inner side of the feeding assembly 6 faces the material falling path, collects the surface temperature of the falling material, and transmits the detection signal to the PLC controller in real time. The PLC controller compares the detected temperature with a preset threshold. When the detected value is higher than the threshold multiple times in a row, it is determined to be overheated material. Once the material is identified as red material, the PLC controller immediately triggers a red material diversion alarm. The motor rotates forward, driving the electric threaded rod 113 to rotate, which in turn drives the L-shaped material distribution plate 112, which is threadedly connected to it, to slide along the channel connected to the red material outlet 62 until it reaches the limit of the electric threaded rod 113. At this time, the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 completely blocks the target outlet 61, opens the red material outlet 62 channel, and the overburned red material falls into the red material collection tank below along the red material outlet 62. The red material collection tank is lined with fireproof and heat-insulating material and is located away from the belt conveyor 7.

[0020] Temperature sensor 111 continuously monitors the material. When the measured values ​​are consistently below the threshold, the material is considered normal. The PLC controller reverses the motor, and the electric threaded rod 113 drives the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 back to its initial position, blocking the red material outlet 62 and opening the target outlet 61. Normal material falls into the belt conveyor 7 for transport. The audible and visual alarm automatically stops after the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 resets. The touch screen records the time, highest temperature, and duration of this red material diversion. After the overburned red material in the red material collection tank cools naturally to room temperature, it is manually cleaned and recycled. It can be returned to the feed hopper 2 for re-roasting or treated separately as defective product. During normal production, the protective cover 104 hinged to the outside of the observation hole 101 is closed to prevent heat loss and dust leakage from the kiln. The high-temperature tempered glass 102 is fixed to the inside of the observation hole 101 via the sealing flange 103, achieving kiln sealing. When the device triggers an accumulation warning or emergency cooling, the operator can open the protective cover 104 of the corresponding area for observation. Since the observation hole 101 is located 10-15cm behind the outlet of the corresponding cold air branch pipe 93, the cold air discharged from the cold air branch pipe 93 will form a cooling air curtain on the surface of the high-temperature tempered glass 102, which not only prevents high-temperature flue gas from damaging the glass, but also blows away the smoke and dust on the glass surface, ensuring clear observation. The operator can visually confirm the material falling status, accumulation degree, roasting flame condition, and cooling effect through the observation hole 101. According to the actual situation, the emergency cooling parameters or red material diversion parameters can be manually adjusted. If an equipment abnormality is found, the emergency stop button can be pressed immediately to stop the machine for maintenance. After observation, the protective cover 104 should be closed in time to restore the sealing state of the device.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention also provides a roasting process for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning. The method of using the roasting device for fragile ores that prevents accumulation and over-burning includes the following steps: S1. Preset operating parameters and system self-test: Material accumulation warning parameters, emergency cooling parameters, red material diversion parameters and alarm parameters are set through the touch screen of the electronic control component, stored in the PLC controller, and the communication and operating status of all sensors and actuators are self-tested. S2. Start roasting and continuous feeding: After the self-inspection is passed, the burner 4 starts at the preset power. The material is continuously fed into the vertical kiln body 5 from the top feed hopper 2 for roasting and is conveyed downward to the feeding assembly 6. S3. Real-time acquisition of material level and temperature data: Multiple sets of material level sensors 81 continuously collect the material level height in the kiln, and multiple sets of temperature sensors 82 collect the kiln wall temperature of the corresponding roasting area at a set frequency. All data are transmitted to the PLC controller in real time. S4. Dynamic analysis of accumulation and temperature anomalies: The PLC controller uses the material accumulation analysis model to calculate the material level drop rate and compares the temperature detection values ​​of each area to determine whether there is an abnormal slowdown in accumulation or an abnormal temperature rise. S5. Implement emergency cooling and manual intervention: When the temperature rises abnormally, shut off all burners 4, open the electric butterfly valve 94 of the cold air branch pipe 93 and adjust the blower 91 to the highest setting to introduce a large amount of cold air into the kiln for rapid cooling and loosening of agglomerates; the operator can observe the material status through the viewing window component 10, and if necessary, manually control the designated cold air branch pipe 93 and blower 91 setting to prolong the cooling until the accumulation is completely cleared. S6. Detect and divert overheated material: The temperature sensor 111 inside the feeding assembly 6 collects the surface temperature of the falling material. The PLC controller determines that the detection results exceeding the threshold multiple times are overheated material, triggering the red material diversion alarm. The motor drives the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 to slide, blocking the target outlet 61 and opening the red material outlet 62, so that the red material falls into the red material collection tank. S7. Restore normal material discharge and clear the alarm: After the temperature sensor 111 continuously detects that the temperature has returned to normal, the PLC controller controls the motor to reverse, the L-shaped material distribution plate 112 resets and blocks the red material outlet 62, opens the target material outlet 61, and normal material falls into the belt conveyor 7. The sound and light alarm automatically stops, and the touch screen records the time, highest temperature and duration of this red material diversion. S8. Natural cooling and manual recycling of red pigment: After the overburned red pigment in the collection tank is naturally cooled to room temperature, it is cleaned and recycled manually. It can be returned to the feed hopper 2 for re-roasting or treated as a defective product separately. S9. Window Protection and Emergency Stop Procedures: During normal production, the protective cover 104 is closed to maintain a seal. In case of accumulation warning or emergency cooling, the operator opens the protective cover 104 and uses the cold air discharged from the cold air branch pipe 93 to form a cooling air curtain on the surface of the high-temperature tempered glass 102 for clear observation. Adjust parameters or press the emergency stop button to stop the machine for maintenance as needed. After observation, close the protective cover 104 in time.

[0022] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roasting device for fragile ores to prevent accumulation and overheating, comprising a main structure (1) and an electrical control assembly, characterized in that: An emergency cooling component (9) is provided on the outside of the main structure (1), a feeding component (6) is provided at the output end of the main structure (1), and a diversion component (11) is provided inside the feeding component (6). The main structure (1) includes a vertical kiln body (5), a feed hopper (2) fixedly installed on the top of the vertical kiln body (5), a roasting group set inside the vertical kiln body (5), a heating frame (3) fixedly connected to the side of the main structure (1), and an input burner (4) fixedly connected to the heating frame (3). The emergency cooling component (9) includes a blower (91), a cold air main pipe (92) connected to the outlet of the blower (91), multiple cold air branch pipes (93) connected to the cold air main pipe (92) and extending into the interior of the vertical kiln body (5), and an electric butterfly valve (94) installed on each cold air branch pipe (93). The vertical kiln body (5) is equipped with an accumulation detection component (8), which includes multiple material level sensors (81) on the top surface of the vertical kiln body (5) and temperature sensors (82) on the outer side wall of the vertical kiln body (5). The diversion assembly (11) includes a temperature sensor (111) fixedly installed on the upper inner side of the feeding assembly (6), an L-shaped dividing plate (112) slidably connected inside the feeding assembly (6), an electric threaded rod (113) rotatably connected inside the feeding assembly (6), and a motor provided inside the feeding assembly (6) for driving the electric threaded rod (113) to rotate.

2. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the vertical kiln body (5) is provided with a viewing window assembly (10), the viewing window assembly (10) includes a viewing hole (101) on the side wall of the vertical kiln body (5), the side of the viewing hole (101) is provided with a sealing flange (103), the interior of the sealing flange (103) is movably connected with a high temperature resistant tempered glass (102), and the side of the viewing hole (101) is hinged with a protective cover (104).

3. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material level sensor (81) is an infrared sensing material level sensor, and the temperature sensor (82) is a thermocouple temperature sensor.

4. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold air branch pipes (93) are evenly arranged along the circumference of the vertical kiln body (5), with four sets per layer. The upper and lower layers are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the vertical kiln body (5). The blower (91) is a variable frequency high-pressure blower.

5. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the feeding component (6) is provided with a target discharge port (61), and the side surface of the feeding component (6) is provided with a red material outlet (62). The L-shaped material distribution plate (112) is slidably connected inside the channel communicating with the red material outlet (62).

6. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric threaded rod (113) is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the channel communicating with the red material outlet (62). One end of the L-shaped material distribution plate (112) penetrates the bottom surface of the feeding assembly (6) and is threadedly connected to the surface of the electric threaded rod (113). The position of the L-shaped material distribution plate (112) can be changed by the motor, thereby changing the material flow inside the feeding assembly (6).

7. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the feeding component (6) is provided with a belt conveyor (7), and the bottom surface of the feeding component (6) is also provided with a red material collection trough. The belt conveyor (7) and the red material collection trough are respectively located at the output ends of the target discharge port (61) and the red material outlet (62). The interior of the red material collection trough is lined with fireproof and heat-insulating material.

8. The roasting device for fragile ore that prevents accumulation and overheating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical control assembly includes a PLC controller, a touch screen display, and an alarm device. The diversion component (11), the level sensor (81), the temperature sensor (82), and the electric butterfly valve (94) are all electrically connected to the PLC controller. The alarm device is an audible and visual alarm.

9. A roasting process for fragile ores to prevent accumulation and overheating, implemented using a roasting device for fragile ores as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preset operating parameters and system self-test: Material accumulation warning parameters, emergency cooling parameters, red material diversion parameters and alarm parameters are set through the touch screen of the electronic control component, stored in the PLC controller, and the communication and operating status of all sensors and actuators are self-tested. S2. Start roasting and continuously feed: After the self-inspection is passed, the burner (4) starts according to the preset power. The material is continuously fed into the vertical kiln body (5) from the top feed hopper (2) for roasting and is conveyed downward to the feeding assembly (6). S3. Real-time acquisition of material level and temperature data: Multiple sets of material level sensors (81) continuously collect the material level height in the kiln, and multiple sets of temperature sensors (82) collect the kiln wall temperature of the corresponding roasting area at a set frequency. All data are transmitted to the PLC controller in real time. S4. Dynamic analysis of accumulation and temperature anomalies: The PLC controller uses the material accumulation analysis model to calculate the material level drop rate and compares the temperature detection values ​​of each area to determine whether there is an abnormal slowdown in accumulation or an abnormal temperature rise. S5. Perform emergency cooling and manual intervention: When the temperature rises abnormally, shut off all burners (4), open the electric butterfly valve (94) of the cold air branch pipe (93) and adjust the blower (91) to the highest setting to introduce a large amount of cold air into the kiln for rapid cooling and loosening of clumps; the operator can observe the material status through the viewing window assembly (10), and if necessary, manually control the designated cold air branch pipe (93) and blower (91) setting to prolong the cooling until the accumulation is completely cleared; S6. Detect and divert overheated material: The temperature sensor (111) inside the feeding assembly (6) collects the surface temperature of the falling material. The PLC controller determines that the detection result of exceeding the threshold multiple times is overheated material, triggers the red material diversion alarm, and the motor drives the L-shaped material distribution plate (112) to slide, blocking the target outlet (61) and opening the red material outlet (62), so that the red material falls into the red material collection tank. S7. Restore normal material discharge and clear the alarm: After the temperature sensor (111) continuously detects that the temperature has returned to normal, the PLC controller controls the motor to reverse, the L-shaped material distribution plate (112) resets and blocks the red material outlet (62), the target material outlet (61) is opened, the normal material falls into the belt conveyor (7), the sound and light alarm automatically stops the alarm, and the touch screen records the time, highest temperature and duration of this red material diversion. S8. Natural cooling and manual recycling of red material: After the overburned red material in the red material collection tank is naturally cooled to room temperature, it is cleaned and recycled by manual labor. It can be returned to the feeding hopper (2) for re-roasting or treated as a defective product separately. S9. Window protection observation and emergency stop: During normal production, the protective cover (104) is closed to maintain a seal; during the stacking warning or emergency cooling, the operator opens the protective cover (104) and uses the cold air discharged from the cold air branch pipe (93) to form a cooling air curtain on the surface of the high-temperature tempered glass (102) for clear observation. Adjust the parameters or press the emergency stop button to stop the machine for maintenance as needed. After the observation is completed, close the protective cover (104) in time.

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