Automatic material distribution device for semi-closed submerged arc furnace

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of submerged arc furnace technology, and specifically relates to an automatic material feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace. The device includes a positioning cylinder with multiple mounting ribs fixed to its outer wall. A guide column, a first partition ring, and a second partition ring are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside of the positioning cylinder. Multiple connecting ribs arranged in a ring-shaped radial distribution are uniformly fixed between the guide column, the first partition ring, the second partition ring, and the positioning cylinder. This invention employs a three-layer ring-shaped fixed-volume material trough with a quantitative volume ratio to achieve differentiated material feeding for ferrosilicon smelting. Combined with a conical gravity material distribution structure, it adapts to the limited installation space of a semi-closed furnace, reducing equipment failure and maintenance costs. It relies on batch-based concentrated unloading to generate impact and break up the crust on the material surface, reducing the frequency of furnace tamping and heat loss. Furthermore, it utilizes dual sets of high-temperature resistant vibration motors (inner and outer) to optimize material feeding and filling accuracy and prevent material jamming, effectively improving the stability of the ferrosilicon smelting furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric arc furnace technology, and in particular relates to an automatic feeding device for a semi-closed electric arc furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Semi-closed submerged arc furnaces are the mainstream furnace type for ferrosilicon alloy smelting. They generate arc heat and resistance heat through electrode-embedded discharge in the material layer, achieving high-temperature carbothermic reduction of raw materials such as silica, semi-coke, and steel scrap. Ferrosilicon smelting is a typical slag-free process, and the reaction field within the furnace exhibits significant regional characteristics: the central electrode area is a current concentration zone; excessive material can lead to insufficient electrode embedment depth, electrode lifting, and current fluctuations; the surrounding annular zone is the main reaction zone, requiring a sufficient material supply to maintain crucible size and reaction efficiency; excessive material at the furnace edges can easily cause material accumulation at the furnace edge, furnace bottom rise, and localized sparking. Therefore, the core requirement for material distribution in ferrosilicon smelting is differentiated zoning with less material in the central area, sufficient material in the annular zone, and less material in the edge zone.

[0003] Currently, the traditional feeding method of semi-closed electric arc furnaces mainly involves uniform feeding using fixed feed pipes. Multiple fixed feed pipes are arranged around the electrodes on the furnace top, and the material falls into the furnace at fixed points by gravity. The entire area uses a uniform ratio and amount of material, which cannot achieve differentiated feeding in different zones. This easily leads to a vicious cycle of "excessive thickness in the center causing electrode lifting, material accumulation at the edges causing furnace bottom to rise, and material shortage in the reaction zone causing poor furnace conditions." This results in large fluctuations in furnace conditions, high power consumption, rapid rise of the furnace bottom, and a serious shortening of the furnace's service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing an automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, comprising a positioning cylinder, wherein multiple mounting ribs are fixed on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder, and a guide column, a first partition ring and a second partition ring are coaxially arranged on the inner side of the positioning cylinder from the inside to the outside, and multiple connecting ribs arranged in a ring radial distribution are uniformly fixed between the guide column, the first partition ring, the second partition ring and the positioning cylinder; The guide column, the first partition ring and the adjacent connecting rib plate form a plurality of central material grooves, the first partition ring, the second partition ring and the adjacent connecting rib plate form a plurality of ring material grooves, and the second partition ring, the positioning cylinder and the adjacent connecting rib plate form a plurality of side material grooves. The guide column, the first partition ring, the second partition ring and multiple connecting ribs together form a conical material distribution structure, so that the material can slide freely into each material trough under the action of gravity during feeding. The lower ends of the guide column and the positioning cylinder are equipped with unloading components for controlling the synchronous unloading of each material trough. Multiple first high-temperature resistant vibration motors are fixed at equal intervals on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder, and a second high-temperature resistant vibration motor is installed inside the guide column. These motors are used to assist in the diversion and compaction of materials during the feeding stage and to assist in the smooth unloading of materials during the unloading stage.

[0006] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, the unloading assembly includes a first servo motor, a baffle plate, a second servo motor, a fixed plate, and a sealing plate; The first servo motor is embedded in the inner side of the lower end of the guide column. The lower output end of the first servo motor passes through the lower end face of the guide column and is fixedly connected to the center of the baffle plate. The baffle plate is horizontally set and supports the lower opening of all the material troughs. The surface of the baffle plate is evenly provided with three fan-shaped discharge ports. The radial width of each discharge port covers the lower opening of the central material trough, the ring material trough and the side material trough. The circumferential position corresponds to the material trough one by one. The second servo motor is embedded in the lower center of the baffle plate. The lower output end of the second servo motor is fixedly connected to the center of the fixed plate. Three fan-shaped sealing plates are uniformly and integrally connected to the outer edge of the fixed plate. The size of the sealing plates is larger than the size of the discharge port, and they are used to completely block or expose the discharge port under the drive of the second servo motor.

[0007] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, three L-shaped arc-shaped limiting plates are fixed to the lower outer edge of the positioning cylinder. The three arc-shaped limiting plates are evenly distributed in a ring. The horizontal section of the arc-shaped limiting plate is supported on the lower surface of the outer edge of the baffle plate, which is used to provide radial limiting and axial support for the outer edge of the baffle plate.

[0008] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed electric arc furnace, a support ring plate with an L-shaped cross-section is fixed at the lower edge of the baffle plate, and the outer edge of the sealing plate slides in contact with the inner wall of the support ring plate to guide and limit the rotation path of the sealing plate.

[0009] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, the upper end of the positioning cylinder is higher than the highest point of the guide column, and the inner wall of the upper end of the positioning cylinder is set as an inclined surface structure that slopes inward from top to bottom, so that the material hitting its inner wall can slide quickly down the inclined surface into the trough.

[0010] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed electric arc furnace, the ratio of the total volume of all the central material troughs, the total volume of all the annular material troughs, and the total volume of all the side material troughs is 3:13:4.

[0011] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed electric arc furnace, the top of the guide column is a pointed cone structure with the tip of the cone facing upwards.

[0012] In the above-mentioned automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, the surface of the baffle plate is covered with a wear-resistant and fire-resistant lining, and the surface of the sealing plate is provided with a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention adopts a three-layer annular fixed-volume material tank structure. Through a volume ratio of 3:13:4, it achieves differentiated material distribution with less material in the central area, more material in the annular area, and less material in the edge area. This is more in line with the characteristics of the furnace reaction field in ferrosilicon smelting. Less material in the central area can avoid electrode lifting and current fluctuations caused by excessive material accumulation at the electrode root, ensuring deep and stable electrode insertion. Sufficient material distribution in the annular area can provide a continuous material supply to the main reaction zone, stabilizing the crucible size and reaction efficiency. Less material in the edge area can reduce material accumulation at the furnace edge, furnace bottom rise, and localized scorching. This solves the vicious cycle problem of furnace conditions caused by traditional uniform material distribution, effectively improving furnace stability and reducing smelting power consumption.

[0014] 2. This invention adopts a conical gravity material distribution structure, without complex rotating chutes and tilting transmission mechanisms. It has a small overall size and low installation space requirements. It can be directly nested in the electrode gap inside the semi-enclosed furnace hood, effectively avoiding structural interference between electrodes, short mesh, and water cooling pipes. At the same time, it has fewer moving parts and a simple transmission structure. In the high-temperature, high-dust, and highly corrosive furnace environment, its failure rate is lower than that of traditional rotary material distributors, and its maintenance cost is low.

[0015] 3. This invention adopts a batch centralized unloading design. After the material is stored in the trough, the material in multiple areas is controlled to fall synchronously through the unloading component. The concentrated falling furnace material has gravitational potential energy and forms a surface impact that can effectively loosen the thin shell of the material surface and crack the thick shell. At the same time, the new material is pressed into the reaction layer under the shell to avoid the new material being suspended. This can reduce the frequency of furnace tamping by 20%-30%, shorten the furnace door opening time, and reduce the heat loss and fugitive flue gas emissions inside the furnace.

[0016] 4. This invention is equipped with two sets of high-temperature resistant vibration motors, one inside and one outside. Vibration during the feeding stage can eliminate material bridging and help the material fed from the center to be evenly distributed to the surrounding troughs. At the same time, it compacts the material in the troughs, eliminates gaps, and ensures the stability of the filling volume of each trough, indirectly improving the accuracy of the weight ratio and solving the problem of uneven filling caused by large particle size differences in ferrosilicon mixture. Vibration during the unloading stage can help the material fall quickly, prevent fine material from sticking and blocking the troughs, ensure complete unloading, and avoid residual material affecting the accuracy of the next round of feeding. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3This is a frontal sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top-exploded view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the invention from below; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the positioning cylinder, mounting rib, guide column, first partition ring, second partition ring, and connecting rib of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Positioning cylinder; 2. Mounting rib; 3. Guide column; 4. First dividing ring; 5. Second dividing ring; 6. Connecting rib; 7. Central material trough; 8. Ring material trough; 9. Side material trough; 10. Unloading assembly; 101. First servo motor; 102. Stopping circular plate; 103. Unloading port; 104. Second servo motor; 105. Fixed circular plate; 106. Sealing plate; 107. Arc-shaped limiting plate; 108. Supporting ring plate; 11. First high-temperature resistant vibration motor; 12. Second high-temperature resistant vibration motor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1-6 As shown, an automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace in this embodiment includes a positioning cylinder 1. Multiple mounting ribs 2 are fixed on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 1 for fixing the entire device inside the furnace top hood of the semi-closed submerged arc furnace. Mounting ribs 2 are provided with mounting holes and are connected and fixed to the furnace top steel structure by bolts.

[0021] In actual use, the multi-point fixing structure of multiple mounting ribs 2 in this embodiment provides uniform force distribution, strong installation stability, and can be adapted to the spatial layout of a semi-enclosed furnace, avoiding the electrode and pipeline structure.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, further, in this embodiment, the inner side of the positioning cylinder 1 is coaxially provided with a guide column 3, a first partition ring 4 and a second partition ring 5 from the inside to the outside. A plurality of connecting ribs 6 are uniformly fixed between the guide column 3, the first partition ring 4, the second partition ring 5 and the positioning cylinder 1 in a ring radial distribution. In this embodiment, the number of connecting ribs 6 is 6, which are uniformly distributed in a 60° ring, and the ring space is uniformly divided into 6 independent sectors. Multiple central material troughs 7 are formed by the material guide column 3, the first partition ring 4 and the adjacent connecting rib plate 6. Multiple ring belt material troughs 8 are formed by the first partition ring 4 and the second partition ring 5 and the adjacent connecting rib plate 6. Multiple side material troughs 9 are formed by the second partition ring 5, the positioning cylinder 1 and the adjacent connecting rib plate 6. Each sector is provided with one central material trough 7, one ring belt material trough 8 and one side material trough 9, forming a radial three-layer and circumferential six-grid material trough array. In this embodiment, the ratio of the total volume of all central material troughs 7, the total volume of all annular material troughs 8, and the total volume of all side material troughs 9 is 3:13:4. This ratio is based on the material requirements of the three zones in the ferrosilicon smelting furnace: the central zone corresponds to the center of the electrode, with the least amount of material to avoid the electrode from lifting due to material accumulation; the annular zone corresponds to the main reaction zone around the electrode, with the largest amount of material to ensure the supply of reaction materials; and the side zone corresponds to the edge of the furnace body, with a smaller amount of material to suppress material accumulation and sparking at the furnace edge.

[0023] In practical use, this embodiment forms a three-layer annular material trough through the guide column 3, the first partition ring 4, the second partition ring 5, and the connecting rib plate 6. Differentiated material distribution in different zones is achieved by using volume ratios, eliminating the need for complex flow adjustment mechanisms. The structure is simple and reliable. The volume ratio of 3:13:4 matches the process characteristics of ferrosilicon smelting, directly optimizing the distribution of the reaction field in the furnace from the material distribution. This solves the technical problems of central electrode lifting, insufficient material supply in the reaction zone, and edge material accumulation leading to furnace bottom rise caused by traditional uniform material distribution. It can stabilize the electrode embedment depth, reduce current fluctuations, and extend the service life of the furnace body. It should be noted that ferrosilicon smelting is a macroscopic dynamic process of high-temperature carbothermic reduction. The reaction field inside the furnace is a strongly coupled equilibrium system. The core requirement for material distribution is macroscopic-level zonal differences, rather than precise point-level control. Industry production experience shows that as long as a macroscopic distribution of sufficient material in the main reaction zone and a 15%-30% reduction in material in the center and edge zones is achieved, the electrode embedment depth and furnace stability can be significantly optimized. Therefore, this application adopts the volume difference of a fixed material trough to achieve zonal material distribution, which is a quantitative and zonal stable solution. The error range is within the allowable range of the ferrosilicon smelting process, and the long-term stability is better than that of adjustable equipment. It is more suitable for the high-temperature and high-dust rough production environment of ferroalloy plants.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, further, in this embodiment, the guide column 3, the first partition ring 4, the second partition ring 5 and the multiple connecting ribs 6 together form a conical material distribution structure, so that the material slides freely under the action of gravity during feeding and fills the central material trough 7, the ring belt material trough 8 and the side material trough 9 in sequence. The top of the guide column 3 is a pointed cone structure, with the cone tip facing upwards and directly facing the upper feed port.

[0025] In actual use, this embodiment uses the material gravity to achieve automatic diversion and filling through the conical material distribution structure, eliminating the need for an additional material distribution and conveying mechanism. This greatly simplifies the equipment structure and reduces the risk of failure in high-temperature and high-dust environments. The pointed cone structure at the top of the guide column 3 can prevent material from accumulating at the top when feeding from the center, allowing the material to be evenly distributed to the surrounding area, ensuring the uniformity of filling in each sector of the material trough, and solving the technical problems of material accumulation in the center and uneven material distribution.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper end of the positioning cylinder 1 is higher than the highest point of the guide column 3, and the inner wall of the upper end of the positioning cylinder 1 is set as an inclined surface structure that slopes inward from top to bottom.

[0027] In actual use, in this embodiment, the positioning cylinder 1 is higher than the guide column 3 to form a barrier structure, which can prevent material from splashing and overflowing during feeding. The inner inclined structure can make the material that hits the cylinder wall slide quickly down the inclined surface into the material trough, reducing material waste and dust flying. This solves the technical problems of material splashing and excessive fugitive dust during feeding and improves the working environment at the top of the furnace.

[0028] like Figures 2-5 As shown, further, in this embodiment, the lower ends of the guide column 3 and the positioning cylinder 1 are equipped with a discharge assembly 10 for controlling the synchronous discharge of each material trough. The discharge assembly 10 includes a first servo motor 101, a baffle plate 102, a second servo motor 104, a fixed plate 105, and a sealing plate 106. The first servo motor 101 is embedded in the inner side of the lower end of the guide column 3. The lower output end of the first servo motor 101 passes through the lower end face of the guide column 3 and is fixedly connected to the center of the baffle plate 102. The baffle plate 102 is horizontally set and supports the lower opening of all the material troughs. Three fan-shaped discharge ports 103 are evenly opened on the surface of the baffle plate 102. The radial width of each discharge port 103 covers the lower opening of the central material trough 7, the ring material trough 8 and the side material trough 9. The circumferential position corresponds to the material trough one by one. The second servo motor 104 is embedded in the lower center of the baffle plate 102. The lower output end of the second servo motor 104 is fixedly connected to the center of the fixed plate 105. Three fan-shaped blocking plates 106 are uniformly and integrally connected to the outer edge of the fixed plate 105. The size of the blocking plates 106 is larger than the size of the discharge port 103. Driven by the second servo motor 104, the fixed plate 105 drives the blocking plates 106 to rotate, so as to completely block or expose the discharge port 103, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the discharge. The surface of the baffle plate 102 is covered with a wear-resistant and fire-resistant lining, and the surface of the sealing plate 106 is provided with a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket.

[0029] In practical use, this embodiment adopts a double-layer rotary unloading structure. The unloading on / off control is achieved by rotating the sealing plate 106, and the switching of unloading sectors is achieved by rotating the baffle plate 102, which combines both centralized unloading and step-by-step unloading modes. When the sealing plate 106 is opened, the material in the three sectors falls synchronously, forming a concentrated gravity impact, which realizes the function of impact shell breaking, solving the technical problems of insufficient impact force and inability to break the shell on the material surface in traditional continuous feeding. By rotating the baffle plate 102 step by step, the unloading of all material troughs can be completed in one zone, flexibly controlling the material distribution rhythm. The wear-resistant and fire-resistant lining and high-temperature resistant sealing gasket can improve the high-temperature resistance and sealing performance of the equipment, prevent high-temperature flue gas from rising and damaging the motor, and at the same time reduce material leakage and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0030] like Figures 3-5 As shown, further, in this embodiment, three L-shaped arc-shaped limiting plates 107 are fixed to the lower outer edge of the positioning cylinder 1. The three arc-shaped limiting plates 107 are evenly distributed in a ring. The horizontal section of the arc-shaped limiting plate 107 supports the lower surface of the outer edge of the baffle plate 102, which is used to provide radial limiting and axial support for the outer edge of the baffle plate 102, to counteract the bending moment of the material gravity on the baffle plate 102, to improve the structural stability of the baffle plate 102 when rotating, and to avoid edge deformation and jamming of the large-diameter plate at high temperature. There is a maintenance gap between two adjacent arc-shaped limiting plates 107 to facilitate daily maintenance and cleaning operations.

[0031] In actual use, in this embodiment, the outer edge of the baffle plate 102 is supported and limited by the arc-shaped limiting plate 107, which solves the technical problem that the outer edge of the large-diameter baffle plate 102 is prone to sagging and jamming due to the weight of the material and thermal deformation when it is supported only by the central transmission. This improves the operating stability and structural rigidity of the rotating mechanism, adapts to the thermal deformation characteristics under high temperature environment, and reduces the equipment failure rate.

[0032] like Figures 3-5 As shown, further, in this embodiment, a support ring plate 108 with an L-shaped cross-section is fixed at the lower edge of the baffle plate 102, and the outer edge of the sealing plate 106 slides in contact with the inner wall of the support ring plate 108 to guide and limit the rotation path of the sealing plate 106, ensuring the coaxiality of the sealing plate 106 when rotating and improving the sealing reliability.

[0033] In actual use, in this embodiment, the supporting ring plate 108 provides outer edge guidance and support for the sealing plate 106, avoiding deformation of the sealing plate 106 due to the cantilever structure, solving the technical problems of easy displacement and poor sealing during the rotation of the sealing plate 106, and ensuring accurate opening and closing and reliable sealing of the discharge port 103.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, three first high-temperature resistant vibration motors 11 are fixed at equal intervals on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 1, and a second high-temperature resistant vibration motor 12 is installed inside the guide column 3. Both sets of vibration motors adopt a high-temperature resistant and dustproof design, which is suitable for the high-temperature and high-dust environment inside the furnace. The vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration motors are adjustable, and they can be started to work in both the feeding and unloading stages.

[0035] In actual use, in this embodiment, during the feeding stage, the inner and outer sets of vibration motors work synchronously to generate uniform vibration force. On the one hand, this can break the bridging phenomenon of materials and help the materials fed in the center to flow smoothly along the cone surface to the surrounding troughs, avoiding material accumulation in the center and lack of material in the side troughs. On the other hand, it can compact the materials in the troughs, eliminate gaps between particles, ensure the stability of the loading volume of each trough, indirectly improve the weight ratio accuracy, solve the technical problems of large particle size difference, uneven filling, and large ratio deviation of ferrosilicon mixture, and stabilize the carbon balance in the furnace. During the feeding stage, the vibrating motor works continuously, which can drive the trough wall and the discharge port 103 to vibrate, preventing fine materials from sticking to the trough wall, avoiding material blockage, ensuring complete and thorough unloading, and preventing residual material accumulation from affecting the volume accuracy of the next round of feeding. This solves the technical problems of fine materials easily sticking and jamming, and incomplete unloading.

[0036] The operation process of this embodiment is as follows: When the system issues the feeding command, the furnace top vibrating feeder starts and feeds the ferrosilicon smelting raw materials (silica, semi-coke and steel scrap mixture) that are mixed according to the ratio from the center of the device. The material falls on the pointed cone structure at the top of the guide column 3 and slides down in all directions along the cone surface. At the same time, the first high-temperature resistant vibration motor 11 and the second high-temperature resistant vibration motor 12 start synchronously and apply continuous vibration. Under the combined action of gravity and vibration, the material first fills the inner central material trough 7. After the central material trough 7 is filled, the material overflows and continues to slide outward to fill the ring material trough 8. After the ring material trough 8 is filled, it continues to fill the side material troughs 9 until all material troughs are filled. The vibration can effectively eliminate the bridging phenomenon of the material, ensure that the filling of each sector and each layer of material trough is uniform, and at the same time compact the material and eliminate internal gaps, so that the filling amount of each material trough is stable and consistent, and ensure the volume accuracy of the partitioned material distribution. In the initial state, the blocking plate 106 is in the state of blocking the discharge port 103, and the solid part of the baffle plate 102 and the blocking plate 106 together support the material in the trough, and the device is in the waiting state. Upon receiving the material feeding instruction, the second servo motor 104 starts, driving the fixed circular plate 105 to rotate the three sealing plates 106 by 60°, so that the sealing plates 106 are completely separated from the discharge port 103. The three discharge ports 103 are exposed simultaneously, and the materials in the central material trough 7, the ring material trough 8, and the side material trough 9 of the corresponding three sectors fall vertically by gravity at the same time. The concentrated falling material forms a strong gravity impact, which acts on the crust layer on the surface of the material in the furnace. This can loosen the thin shell and crack the thick shell, while pressing the new material into the reaction layer under the shell, thus preventing the new material from being suspended in the shell layer. After the unloading of the three sectors is completed, the first servo motor 101 starts and drives the baffle plate 102 to rotate 60°, so that the unloading port 103 is aligned with the material trough of the other three sectors, and the remaining material is unloaded. During the unloading process, the first high temperature resistant vibration motor 11 and the second high temperature resistant vibration motor 12 keep working to assist the material to fall smoothly and prevent blockage. After all material is unloaded, the second servo motor 104 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the sealing plate 106 to reset and re-block the unloading port 103. The material blocking plate 102 also resets to its initial position, and the device enters the next round of loading cycle.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic feeding device for a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, comprising a positioning cylinder (1), wherein a plurality of mounting ribs (2) are fixed to the outer wall of the positioning cylinder (1), characterized in that, The inner side of the positioning cylinder (1) is coaxially provided with a guide column (3), a first partition ring (4) and a second partition ring (5) from the inside to the outside. Multiple connecting ribs (6) are uniformly fixed between the guide column (3), the first partition ring (4), the second partition ring (5) and the positioning cylinder (1) in a ring radial distribution. The guide column (3), the first partition ring (4) and the adjacent connecting rib (6) enclose to form a plurality of central material grooves (7), the first partition ring (4), the second partition ring (5) and the adjacent connecting rib (6) enclose to form a plurality of ring material grooves (8), and the second partition ring (5), the positioning cylinder (1) and the adjacent connecting rib (6) enclose to form a plurality of side material grooves (9). The guide column (3), the first partition ring (4), the second partition ring (5) and the multiple connecting ribs (6) together form a conical material distribution structure, so that the material can slide freely into each material trough under the action of gravity when feeding. The lower ends of the guide column (3) and the positioning cylinder (1) are equipped with unloading components (10) for controlling the synchronous unloading of each material trough. Multiple first high-temperature resistant vibration motors (11) are fixed at equal intervals on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder (1), and a second high-temperature resistant vibration motor (12) is installed inside the guide column (3) to assist in the diversion and compaction of materials during the feeding stage and to assist in the smooth unloading of materials during the unloading stage.

2. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unloading assembly (10) includes a first servo motor (101), a baffle plate (102), a second servo motor (104), a fixed plate (105), and a sealing plate (106). The first servo motor (101) is embedded in the inner side of the lower end of the guide column (3). The lower output end of the first servo motor (101) passes through the lower end face of the guide column (3) and is fixedly connected to the center of the baffle plate (102). The baffle plate (102) is horizontally set and supports the lower opening of all the material troughs. The surface of the baffle plate (102) is evenly provided with three fan-shaped discharge ports (103). The radial width of each discharge port (103) covers the lower opening of the central material trough (7), the ring material trough (8) and the side material trough (9). The circumferential position corresponds to the material trough one by one. The second servo motor (104) is embedded at the lower center of the baffle plate (102). The lower output end of the second servo motor (104) is fixedly connected to the center of the fixed plate (105). The outer edge of the fixed plate (105) is uniformly and integrally connected with three fan-shaped sealing plates (106). The size of the sealing plate (106) is larger than the size of the discharge port (103), and it is used to completely block or expose the discharge port (103) under the drive of the second servo motor (104).

3. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower outer edge of the positioning cylinder (1) is fixed with three L-shaped arc-shaped limiting plates (107). The three arc-shaped limiting plates (107) are evenly distributed in a ring. The horizontal section of the arc-shaped limiting plate (107) is supported on the lower surface of the outer edge of the baffle plate (102) to provide radial limiting and axial support for the outer edge of the baffle plate (102).

4. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A support ring plate (108) with an L-shaped cross-section is fixed at the lower edge of the baffle plate (102). The outer edge of the sealing plate (106) slides in contact with the inner wall of the support ring plate (108) to guide and limit the rotation path of the sealing plate (106).

5. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the positioning cylinder (1) is higher than the highest point of the guide column (3). The inner wall of the upper end of the positioning cylinder (1) is set as an inclined surface structure that slopes inward from top to bottom, so that the material hitting its inner wall can slide quickly down the inclined surface into the trough.

6. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the total volume of all the central feed troughs (7), the total volume of all the ring feed troughs (8), to the total volume of all the side feed troughs (9) is 3:13:

4.

7. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the guide column (3) is a pointed cone structure, with the cone tip facing upwards.

8. A semi-closed submerged arc furnace automatic material distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface of the baffle plate (102) is covered with a wear-resistant and fire-resistant lining, and the surface of the sealing plate (106) is provided with a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket.

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