A modular liquid barrier fireworks and firecrackers anti-parasitic detonation storage system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a modular liquid-barrier anti-catastrophic explosion storage system and method for fireworks and firecrackers. The system includes a storage tank, multiple modular storage units, a liquid barrier medium, a shock wave attenuation structure, a directional pressure relief structure, and an anti-drift fixing structure. The modular storage units are arranged in the storage tank and completely immersed in the liquid barrier medium. A multi-stage shock wave attenuation structure, consisting of a porous damping layer, a honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, a flexible buffer layer, and liquid buffer gaps, is provided between adjacent storage units. Each storage unit has a directional pressure relief structure with a ruptureable pressure relief membrane at its top, allowing for upward directional release of internal pressure in the event of an accident. The liquid barrier medium absorbs the heat of the explosion, inhibits flame propagation, and weakens the shock wave. The multi-stage shock wave attenuation structure further reduces the explosive impact load on adjacent storage units. The directional pressure relief structure reduces the propagation of lateral shock waves. This invention can effectively reduce the risk of cascading explosions during the storage of fireworks and firecrackers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hazardous materials safe storage and explosion-proof technology, specifically providing a modular liquid barrier type fireworks and firecrackers anti-parasitic explosion storage system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, fireworks and pyrotechnic powder are mainly stored centrally in ordinary warehouses, underground storage rooms, or isolated warehouses. Due to the flammability, explosiveness, heat sensitivity, and rapid flame propagation of pyrotechnic powder, combustion and explosion accidents can easily occur during storage due to static electricity, localized high temperatures, friction, or ignition sources.

[0003] The existing hazardous materials storage system mainly has the following problems: 1. Hazardous materials are stored in a centralized location, with a large quantity of chemicals in each compartment. In the event of an accident, the explosive force would be strong and the consequences would be severe. 2. Traditional explosion-proof walls are mainly used to block the scattering of debris, and have limited effect on attenuating the propagation of air shock waves. They cannot effectively block the sympathetic explosion propagation chain over short distances. 3. A large safety distance needs to be set between warehouses, resulting in a large land occupation area and low site utilization; 4. The shock wave generated by a localized explosion can propagate freely through the air to adjacent storage areas, triggering a larger-scale secondary explosion; 5. Existing storage methods lack a structured and systematic mechanism to block the propagation chain of secondary explosions, making it impossible to proactively control the scale of accidents.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of fireworks and firecrackers storage system that can limit the scale of accidents, weaken the propagation of blast shock waves, and reduce the probability of secondary explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention is proposed to provide a solution or at least a partial solution to the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] This invention provides a modular liquid-barrier anti-parasitic explosion storage system for fireworks and firecrackers, comprising: a storage tank; multiple modular explosive storage units spaced apart inside the storage tank; a liquid barrier medium filling the storage tank and at least partially submerging the modular explosive storage units; a shock wave attenuation structure disposed between adjacent modular explosive storage units for multi-stage attenuation of the propagation energy of the explosion shock wave; a directional pressure relief structure disposed on the top of each modular explosive storage unit for directional upward release of internal pressure in an accident; and an anti-drift fixing structure disposed at the bottom of the storage tank for fixing the modular explosive storage units to prevent horizontal drift. The shock wave attenuation structure is composed of a porous damping layer, a honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, a flexible buffer layer, and a liquid buffer gap stacked sequentially. The directional pressure relief structure includes a ruptureable pressure relief membrane and a directional pressure relief channel. When the internal pressure exceeds a preset value, the ruptureable pressure relief membrane ruptures, and the internal high-pressure gas is released upward through the directional pressure relief channel.

[0007] Preferably, the modular drug storage unit includes: an explosion-proof shell; an antistatic liner disposed inside the explosion-proof shell; a buffer and shock-absorbing layer laid at the bottom; a sealing and locking structure disposed at the opening; and a pressure relief channel connected to the top directional pressure relief structure; the antistatic liner is grounded to the explosion-proof shell via a wire, and the sealing and locking structure has a sealing rating of not less than IP67.

[0008] Preferably, the explosion-proof enclosure is made of steel plate, composite material plate or explosion-proof material; the buffer and shock-absorbing layer is made of rubber foam board or silicone rubber shock-absorbing pad and laid on the bottom and inner walls of the explosion-proof enclosure.

[0009] Preferably, the porous damping layer, the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, the flexible buffer layer, and the liquid buffer gap are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside to form a multi-stage shock wave attenuation structure; a metal constraint layer is also provided on the outside of the porous damping layer and / or the inside of the liquid buffer gap to form a six-layer composite shock attenuation structure.

[0010] Preferably, the directional pressure relief structure further includes a pressure relief plate; the outlet of the directional pressure relief channel is arranged upward and higher than the liquid level of the liquid barrier medium; the ruptureable pressure relief membrane is a metal film with a pre-set rupture line on its surface and a rupture pressure of 0.20~0.50 MPa; the ruptureable pressure relief membrane has two stages, with the rupture pressure of the first-stage pressure relief membrane being lower than that of the second-stage pressure relief membrane, and the two stages are connected in series in the directional pressure relief channel to achieve graded directional pressure relief.

[0011] Preferably, the anti-drift fixing structure includes a guide rail fixed to the bottom of the liquid storage tank, an anchor seat fixed on the guide rail, and a limiting block embedded in the guide rail groove.

[0012] Preferably, the storage tank is also equipped with an emergency drainage pipeline, which is connected to an emergency storage pit outside the storage tank. The volume of the emergency storage pit is not less than 110% of the total liquid volume of the system, and the emergency drainage time does not exceed 120 seconds. The storage tank is also equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor, and / or a vibration sensor to realize online monitoring of the system's operating status.

[0013] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for storing fireworks and firecrackers using the aforementioned system, comprising: checking the sealing performance of the modular powder storage unit and the grounding status of the anti-static liner; completing the sealing using a sealing and locking structure; fixing the powder storage unit using an anti-drift fixing structure; installing a shock wave attenuation structure; injecting a liquid barrier medium to a specified level; and putting the system into storage after completing the system inspection. This method, through standardized operating procedures, ensures that all components of the system work collaboratively to achieve optimal safety protection.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By adopting a modular storage structure, a large number of fireworks and firecrackers are dispersed and stored in multiple independent sealed units, which can limit the scale of a single accident to a single or a few storage units; 2. Liquid barrier media can efficiently absorb the heat of an explosion, suppress the propagation of flames in the liquid medium, and significantly reduce the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave by utilizing the high damping effect of the liquid on the shock wave. 3. The multi-stage shock wave attenuation structure, consisting of a porous damping layer, a honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, a flexible buffer layer, and a liquid buffer gap, can absorb and attenuate the residual shock wave reaching the adjacent drug storage unit step by step, significantly reducing the impact load on the adjacent drug storage unit. 4. The directional pressure relief structure can guide the internal explosion pressure upwards, effectively reducing the propagation of lateral shock waves and thus reducing the probability of lateral sympathetic detonation; 5. The anti-drift fixing structure ensures the stability of the drug storage unit in the liquid medium and prevents secondary accidents caused by drifting and collision; 6. Compared with the traditional safe spacing warehousing mode, the system of this invention can reduce the footprint by more than 60%, and significantly improve land utilization. 7. The system has good scalability and the number of drug storage units and the size of the liquid storage tank can be flexibly adjusted according to the storage scale. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The disclosure of this invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, similar numbers in the drawings are used to denote similar components, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular liquid barrier fireworks anti-detonation storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular drug storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the drug storage unit matrix arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layered shock wave attenuation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a directional pressure relief structure is provided for one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Among them, 1 is the liquid storage tank; 2 is the modular drug storage unit; 3 is the liquid barrier medium; 4 is the shock wave attenuation structure; 5 is the directional pressure relief structure; 6 is the anti-drift fixing structure; 21 is the explosion-proof shell; 22 is the anti-static lining; 23 is the buffer and shock absorption layer; 24 is the sealing and locking structure; 25 is the pressure relief channel; 41 is the porous damping layer; 42 is the honeycomb energy absorption layer; 43 is the flexible buffer layer; 44 is the liquid buffer gap; 51 is the pressure relief plate; 52 is the directional pressure relief channel; 53 is the ruptureable pressure relief membrane; 61 is the guide rail; 62 is the anchor seat; and 63 is the limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Application in small and medium-sized county-level fireworks and firecracker retail and storage stations This embodiment provides a modular liquid barrier and impact attenuation coupled fireworks and firecrackers anti-parasitic detonation storage system suitable for county-level fireworks and firecrackers retail storage stations. The storage scale is 6 storage units, and the total fixed storage amount of a single station does not exceed 300 kg of net explosive equivalent.

[0020] The anti-explosive storage system in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a storage tank 1, six modular drug storage units 2, a liquid barrier medium 3, a shock wave attenuation structure 4, a directional pressure relief structure 5, and an anti-drift fixing structure 6. The six drug storage units are evenly arranged in a 2-row × 3-column matrix within the storage tank 1. Shock wave attenuation structures 4 are installed between adjacent drug storage units. A directional pressure relief structure 5 is installed on the top of each drug storage unit, and the bottom is fixed to the bottom plate of the storage tank by the anti-drift fixing structure 6.

[0021] Storage tank 1 is constructed of C30 reinforced concrete, with internal dimensions of 4.0 m long, 3.0 m wide, and 1.6 m deep, a wall thickness of 250 mm, and a bottom slab thickness of 300 mm. The inner surface is fully coated with two layers of epoxy coal tar pitch anti-corrosion and anti-seepage coating, with a dry film thickness of not less than 300 μm. A 1% drainage slope is provided at the bottom of the storage tank, with a DN100 drain valve located at the lowest point, made of 316L stainless steel, facilitating periodic replacement of the liquid barrier medium. Overflow baffles, 150 mm higher than the tank walls, are installed around the top edge of the storage tank to prevent the liquid barrier medium from overflowing due to disturbance. A lightweight steel roof is installed on top of the storage tank to prevent rainwater from diluting the liquid barrier medium and to prevent the intrusion of external fire sources.

[0022] In this embodiment, the liquid barrier medium 3 is clean fresh water, with a water depth of 1.4 m, ensuring that all storage units are completely submerged. The liquid barrier medium has the following functions: a) absorbing the heat generated by the explosion using the high specific heat capacity of water, reducing the propagation of heat radiation; b) utilizing the viscous damping effect of water on the shock wave, causing the peak pressure of the shock wave to decrease exponentially with the propagation distance; c) preventing the direct spread of flame in the liquid medium; d) reducing the dispersion velocity of high-speed fragments generated by the explosion. The liquid barrier medium level needs to be checked regularly, and water should be added promptly when it falls below the specified level to ensure that the liquid level is always at least 100 mm above the top cover of the storage unit.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the external dimensions of each modular drug storage unit 2 in this embodiment are: length 0.8 m, width 0.8 m, height 1.2 m, and drug storage volume approximately 0.6 m³. 3 The rated explosive storage capacity shall not exceed 50 kg of net explosive equivalent.

[0024] The explosion-proof shell 21 is made of 10 mm thick Q345B steel plate welded on all four sides. The welds are fully penetrated and are inspected by ultrasonic testing after welding. The outer surface is treated with hot spray zinc for corrosion protection, with a zinc layer thickness of ≥80 μm. The topcoat is epoxy micaceous iron oxide anticorrosion paint.

[0025] The antistatic liner 22 is made of a 5 mm thick conductive rubber sheet with a surface resistivity ≤1×10⁻⁶. 6 Ω, with a cross-sectional area of ​​≥6 mm² using copper braided flexible wire. 2 It is reliably connected to the explosion-proof enclosure 21, and the grounding resistance of the explosion-proof enclosure is ≤10 Ω to prevent static electricity accumulation from causing ignition accidents.

[0026] The cushioning and damping layer 23 uses a 30 mm thick NBR closed-cell foam board with a density of approximately 80 kg / m³. 3 With a compressive strength of approximately 0.08 MPa, it is laid at the bottom inside the explosion-proof enclosure 21 to absorb vibrations and shocks generated during the handling and storage of the medicine storage unit.

[0027] The sealing and locking structure 24 adopts a stainless steel 316L flange pressure-type locking cover plate with double O-rings made of fluororubber FKM. The inner ring seal adopts axial sealing and the outer ring seal adopts radial sealing. The overall sealing level reaches IP67. It can be immersed in water to a depth of 1m for 30 minutes without leakage, ensuring that the liquid barrier medium does not seep into the interior of the drug storage unit.

[0028] The pressure relief channel 25 is located in the center area of ​​the top cover of the drug storage unit. It has an inner diameter of 50 mm and is made of a short 304 stainless steel tube. It is welded to the top cover and its upper end is connected to the directional pressure relief structure 5.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the shock wave attenuation structure 4 is installed between adjacent drug storage units, with a spacing of 150 mm between each drug storage unit. Within this spacing, the following layers of structure are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside: Porous damping layer 41: Made of 50 mm thick open-cell rigid polyurethane foam board with a porosity of approximately 85%, an average pore size of 2-4 mm, and an apparent density of 50-60 kg / m³. 3 It is used to dissipate the energy of the shock wave through the viscous resistance of the hole wall and the friction of the wall surface; Honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 42: It adopts aluminum alloy honeycomb panel alloy grade 3003-H18, with an inscribed circle diameter of 8 mm, a wall thickness of 0.08 mm, a thickness of 30 mm, and a crushing strength of about 1.2 MPa. It absorbs impact loads by utilizing the gradual plastic crushing mechanism of the honeycomb structure. Flexible buffer layer 43: 20 mm thick natural rubber buffer pad with Shore hardness 40A, used to absorb elastic rebound energy and reduce stress concentration; Liquid buffer gap 44: It is a 20 mm wide liquid-filled gap. The liquid barrier medium 3 can freely enter the gap. The incompressibility and damping properties of the liquid further attenuate the shock wave. At the same time, the thermal capacity effect of the liquid helps to absorb local high temperature.

[0030] The above four-layer structure is fixed by a 3 mm thick Q235 steel frame and bolted together, with an overall thickness of about 120 mm. It is embedded between adjacent drug storage units to form a multi-level impact attenuation isolation structure.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the directional pressure relief structure 5 is installed on top of each drug storage unit 2. The pressure relief plate 51 is made of 4 mm thick aluminum alloy 5052-H32 plate, with a 50 mm diameter pressure relief through hole in the center that connects to the pressure relief channel 25. The ruptureable pressure relief membrane 53 is made of 0.15 mm thick 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel film, with X-shaped rupture lines pre-etched on the membrane surface. The depth of the etch lines is 50% of the membrane thickness, and the rupture pressure rating is 0.30 MPa ± 0.02 MPa. The pressure relief membrane is installed by flange clamping, making replacement convenient. The directional pressure relief channel 52 is a 304 stainless steel guide pipe with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm. The outlet faces upward to ensure that the pressure relief direction is vertically upward, allowing high-pressure gas to be released into the space above the liquid surface of the storage tank, effectively avoiding direct impact of lateral high-pressure gas on adjacent drug storage units.

[0032] The anti-drift fixing structure 6 consists of a guide rail 61, an anchor seat 62, and a limiting block 63. The guide rail 61 is made of 80×40 mm Q235B channel steel and is welded and fixed to the bottom plate of the storage tank according to the arrangement direction of the drug storage units. The welded leg length of the guide rail is ≥8 mm. The anchor seat 62 is made of 304 stainless steel and is fixed to the guide rail 61 with M12 bolts. Four anchor seats are configured at the bottom of each drug storage unit, evenly distributed at the four corners. The limiting block 63 is made of rubber-coated steel plate and is fixed to the bottom of the drug storage unit, embedded in the guide rail groove, limiting the horizontal displacement of the drug storage unit to no more than 5 mm, preventing the drug storage units from colliding with each other under liquid buoyancy and impact disturbance.

[0033] Working principle: Under normal storage conditions, fireworks and firecrackers are loaded into each storage unit 2 in batches, sealed, and secured by the anti-drift fixing structure 6, and then immersed in clean water with a liquid barrier medium 3. If a storage unit, assuming unit A, experiences an explosion due to unforeseen circumstances, the protection mechanism of this system will activate in the following order: The first line of defense—liquid medium attenuation: The shock wave generated by the explosion inside Unit A first propagates towards the wall of Unit A, and then enters the external liquid barrier medium 3 through the wall. The liquid medium has a strong absorption and attenuation effect on the explosion shock wave; the peak pressure of the shock wave in the liquid varies with the propagation distance according to approximately p∝1 / r. 2 The pattern of rapid decay.

[0034] The second line of defense—multi-stage structural attenuation: After reaching the shock wave attenuation structure 4, the shock wave energy is absorbed and attenuated in stages through the liquid buffer gap 44, the flexible buffer layer 43, the honeycomb energy absorption layer 42, and the porous damping layer 41. The shock wave energy is reflected, refracted, and dissipated at the interfaces of each layer, and the peak pressure is greatly reduced when it reaches the outer wall of the adjacent drug storage unit.

[0035] The third line of defense – directional pressure relief: If the internal pressure of Unit A exceeds 0.30 MPa, the pressure relief membrane 53 can be ruptured, and the high-pressure gas inside can be released upward through the directional pressure relief channel 52, avoiding the high-pressure gas from impacting adjacent storage units laterally, and further reducing the probability of sympathetic detonation.

[0036] The fourth line of defense – liquid thermal barrier: Liquid barrier medium 3 inhibits the spread of flames or high-temperature combustion products discharged from Unit A to adjacent areas, blocking the thermal radiation ignition path.

[0037] The combined effect of these four lines of defense can effectively reduce the probability of cascading explosions to an extremely low level, thus achieving effective control of local accidents.

[0038] Example 2: Finished Product Warehousing System for Large-Scale Fireworks and Firecrackers Production Enterprises This embodiment provides a modular liquid barrier and impact attenuation coupled fireworks and firecrackers anti-parasitic detonation storage system suitable for finished product storage in large-scale fireworks and firecrackers production enterprises. The storage scale is 24 storage units, and the total rated storage amount of the system does not exceed 4800 kg of net explosive equivalent. It is an expansion and functional enhancement based on Embodiment 1.

[0039] The anti-explosive storage system in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a large storage tank 1, 24 modular drug storage units 2, a water-based liquid barrier medium containing flame-retardant additives 3, an enhanced shock wave attenuation structure 4, a two-stage directional pressure relief structure 5, a reinforced anti-drift fixing structure 6, and an intelligent monitoring and emergency drainage subsystem. The 24 drug storage units are arranged in a 4-row × 6-column matrix within the storage tank 1, with both row and column spacing of 200 mm, filled by the shock wave attenuation structure 4.

[0040] Storage tank 1 is constructed of C35 reinforced concrete, with internal dimensions of 12.0 m in length, 8.0 m in width, and 2.2 m in depth. The wall thickness is 350 mm, and the bottom slab thickness is 400 mm. A semi-enclosed steel structure roof that can be opened and closed is provided on the top surface. The roof is made of profiled steel sheet composite insulation board, and a lightweight pressure relief hole with an area ≥2 m² is provided at the top. 2 / unit, to prevent secondary constraint pressure from the roof in the event of an explosion. The inner wall of the storage tank is coated with three coats of epoxy glass flake anti-corrosion and anti-seepage coating, with a total dry film thickness ≥500 μm.

[0041] The storage tank has a 1.5% drainage slope at the bottom, with a DN200 emergency drainage pipeline made of 316L stainless steel installed at the lowest point. This emergency drainage pipeline connects to an emergency storage pit located at a low level outside the tank, with a volume ≥ 110% of the total system volume. The design target for emergency drainage is to complete full drainage within 120 seconds. A DN100 normal drainage valve is used for routine maintenance, while the DN200 emergency drainage valve is activated by either the automatic control system or manual emergency operation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the liquid barrier medium 3 is a water-based flame retardant liquid containing 2wt% ammonium phosphate flame retardant additive, with an injection depth of 1.8 m and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) ≥ 40%. Compared with Embodiment 1, the flame retardant liquid retains the attenuation advantage of water on shock waves while effectively suppressing the combustion of released pyrotechnics after directional depressurization of the storage unit, further blocking the flame propagation path. Four liquid level sensors with a range of 0~2.5 m and an accuracy of ±5 mm are installed in the liquid barrier medium. When the liquid level is lower than the set lower limit ≤ 0.4 m from the top of the pool, the replenishment pump is automatically triggered.

[0043] In this embodiment, each modular drug storage unit 2 has the following external dimensions: length 1.2 m, width 1.2 m, height 1.6 m, and a drug storage volume of approximately 2.0 m³. 3 The rated explosive storage capacity shall not exceed 200 kg of net explosive equivalent.

[0044] The explosion-proof enclosure 21 is welded from 16 mm thick Q390 high-strength low-alloy steel plate, with 100×10 mm flat steel vertical reinforcing ribs on the outside, spaced 300 mm apart, to improve the impact resistance of the explosion-proof enclosure. The yield strength is ≥390 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength is ≥520 MPa, and the outer surface is treated with hot spray zinc-aluminum alloy ZnAl15 for corrosion protection, with a coating thickness of ≥120 μm.

[0045] The antistatic liner 22 is made of 8 mm thick antistatic fiberglass reinforced plastic (GFRP) sheet with a volume resistivity ≤1×10⁻⁶. 5 Ω·m, using multi-strand copper braided wire with a cross-sectional area ≥10 mm². 2 It is reliably connected to the explosion-proof enclosure 21, with a grounding resistance ≤4 Ω. Simultaneously, an independent grounding electrode is provided at the bottom of the explosion-proof enclosure, with a grounding resistance ≤4 Ω.

[0046] The buffer and shock absorption layer 23 uses a 50 mm thick silicone rubber shock absorption pad with a hardness of about 45° Shore A and a compression deformation of ≤25%. It is fully laid on the bottom and surrounding inner walls of the explosion-proof enclosure to achieve all-directional vibration buffer protection.

[0047] The sealing and locking structure 24 employs a three-layer wedge-shaped locking mechanism. The first layer is an axial seal with a PTFE-coated O-ring, the second layer is a radial seal with an FKM O-ring, and the third layer is an EPDM flat sealing gasket. The sealing rating reaches IP68, with no leakage even at a depth of 2 meters underwater for one hour. The cover plate is locked using eight evenly distributed wedge-shaped buckles with adjustable locking torque, facilitating quick opening and sealing on-site.

[0048] This embodiment, based on the four-layer shock wave attenuation structure of Embodiment 1, adds inner and outer constraint layers to form a six-layer composite shock attenuation structure, arranged from the outside to the inside as follows: The first external constraint layer: 5 mm thick Q235 steel plate, which provides structural constraints and improves overall rigidity; The second layer—a porous damping layer: 41: 70 mm thick open-cell polyurethane foam, with a porosity of approximately 88% and an apparent density of 45~55 kg / m³. 3 Attenuate high-frequency shock wave components; The third layer—honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 42: aluminum alloy honeycomb sandwich panel 3003-H18, with an inscribed circle diameter of 10 mm, a wall thickness of 0.10 mm, a thickness of 50 mm, a crushing strength of about 1.5 MPa, and absorbs impact energy. The fourth layer—flexible buffer layer 43: 30 mm thick neoprene rubber CR buffer board, Shore hardness 50A, elastic recovery rate ≥70%, absorbs elastic rebound impact; Fifth layer—Liquid buffer gap 44: 30 mm wide liquid filling gap, liquid flame retardant medium is freely filled, extending the shock wave propagation path and providing liquid damping; The sixth inner constraint layer: a 3 mm thick 304 stainless steel liner to prevent corrosion of the honeycomb layer by liquid flame-retardant media and to provide inner constraint.

[0049] The six-layer structure is fastened with stainless steel 304 bolts, with a total thickness of approximately 188 mm. The overall combination efficiency is about 40% higher than the impact attenuation efficiency of the four-layer structure in Example 1, based on the attenuation rate of the peak pressure of the shock wave per unit thickness.

[0050] This embodiment employs a two-stage series pressure relief design to achieve more precise pressure control. The first-stage pressure relief diaphragm 53a is made of 0.20 mm thick 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel film, engraved with a cross-shaped rupture line, with a rupture pressure rating of 0.25 MPa ± 0.02 MPa; the second-stage pressure relief diaphragm 53b is made of the same material with a thickness of 0.30 mm, with a rupture pressure rating of 0.50 MPa ± 0.03 MPa. The two-stage pressure relief diaphragms are installed in series in the directional pressure relief channel 52, with a spacing of 100 mm.

[0051] When the internal pressure of the drug storage unit reaches 0.25 MPa, the first-stage pressure relief membrane 53a ruptures first, releasing part of the overpressure. The spacer between the two-stage pressure relief membranes acts as a buffer. If the pressure further rises to 0.50 MPa and a full-volume explosion occurs, the second-stage pressure relief membrane 53b ruptures immediately, completely releasing the internal high-pressure gas. A steel guide shroud in the shape of a trumpet is installed at the outlet of the directional pressure relief channel 52, with the opening facing upwards, guiding the pressure relief airflow vertically upwards to reduce disturbance to the liquid barrier medium. The inner diameter of the pressure relief channel 52 is 80 mm, which is 60% larger than that of Example 1, to match the pressure relief flow rate requirements when the drug storage capacity is larger.

[0052] The anti-drift fixing structure 6 uses HN125×60 HN1 steel guide rails 61, which are anchored to the bottom plate of the storage tank with pre-embedded bolts. Each guide rail section is equipped with no less than 4 M20 anchor bolts, with an anchoring depth ≥300 mm. The anchoring seat 62 is a hydraulically wedge-type stainless steel 316L anchoring seat, with a locking force of up to 20 kN / seat after wedge tightening. Each drug storage unit is equipped with 6 anchoring seats, one at each of the four corners of the bottom and one on each side of the center line of the bottom surface. The limiting block 63 is made of Q235 steel plate covered with vulcanized rubber, and the fit clearance with the guide rail groove is no more than 3 mm. Under the action of explosive impact load, it can limit the horizontal displacement of the drug storage unit to no more than 3 mm.

[0053] This embodiment integrates the following sensors and emergency systems into the liquid storage tank and each drug storage unit: A. Pressure Sensors: Two dynamic pressure sensors with a range of 0~2 MPa and a response time of <1 ms are installed on the outer wall of each drug storage unit to monitor changes in liquid pressure in real time. When any sensor detects a pressure surge exceeding 0.1 MPa / ms, an alarm is automatically triggered. B. Temperature sensor: One explosion-proof platinum resistance thermometer PT100 is installed at each of the four corners of the liquid storage tank. The range is -20~100℃ and the accuracy is ±0.5℃. It monitors the temperature of the liquid barrier medium and triggers a high temperature warning when the temperature exceeds 45℃. C. Liquid Level Sensor: One ultrasonic liquid level sensor with a range of 0~3 m and an accuracy of ±2 mm is installed at each end of the longitudinal centerline of the storage tank. It monitors the liquid level of the liquid barrier medium and automatically starts the replenishment pump with a flow rate ≥5 m³ / h when the liquid level falls below the set lower limit. 3 / h; d Vibration sensor: Each drug storage unit is equipped with a MEMS accelerometer with a range of ±50 g and a frequency response of 0.1~1000 Hz to detect abnormal vibration and impact of the drug storage unit. When the acceleration exceeds 5 g, a vibration warning is triggered.

[0054] The aforementioned sensors are connected to the storage station monitoring center via the Profinet industrial Ethernet protocol. The monitoring software enables 24 / 7 automatic data acquisition and analysis, and has a remote alarm function. When the system detects an explosion signal, it automatically triggers the following emergency measures: activating the DN200 emergency drain valve, a pneumatic quick-opening valve with a full opening time of ≤5 seconds, draining the entire liquid barrier medium from the storage tank into the emergency storage pit within 120 seconds, eliminating any obstruction of the liquid to rescue operations.

[0055] Verification of resistance to secondary explosion: Based on the calculations and parameterized analysis using the shock wave propagation attenuation theory, the anti-parasitic detonation performance of the system in this embodiment was evaluated. Assuming a full-volume explosion of 200 kg TNT equivalent in a single storage unit, the initial shock wave peak overpressure is approximately 2.5~5.0 MPa within the unit. ①After being attenuated by the 16 mm steel plate on the unit wall, the peak overpressure of the shock wave transmitted into the liquid barrier medium is about 0.8~1.5 MPa; ②After propagating a distance of 0.2 m in a liquid barrier medium, the peak overpressure drops to approximately 0.3~0.5 MPa; ③After passing through a six-layer composite impact attenuation structure with a total thickness of 188 mm, the peak overpressure reaching the outer wall of the adjacent drug storage unit is ≤0.08 MPa 80 kPa; ④ This value is lower than the overpressure threshold of the sympathetic explosion shock wave of finished fireworks and firecrackers, which is usually about 100~150 kPa, and can effectively block the propagation of the sympathetic explosion chain.

[0056] The above calculation results show that the system in this embodiment has a reliable anti-parasitic explosion protection effect under large-scale explosion conditions, and can effectively limit the scale of the accident.

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the original technical features, and the technical solutions resulting from these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular liquid-barrier anti-catastrophic storage system for fireworks and firecrackers, characterized in that, include: reservoir(1); Multiple modular drug storage units (2) are spaced apart inside the liquid storage tank (1); A liquid barrier medium (3) is filled in the storage tank (1) and at least partially submerges the modular drug storage unit (2). Shock wave attenuation structure (4) is set between adjacent modular drug storage units (2) for multi-stage attenuation of the propagation energy of the explosion shock wave; A directional pressure relief structure (5) is installed on the top of each modular drug storage unit (2) to release internal pressure upwards in the event of an accident; An anti-drift fixing structure (6) is installed at the bottom of the liquid storage tank (1) to fix the modular drug storage unit (2) to prevent horizontal drift. The shock wave attenuation structure (4) is composed of a porous damping layer (41), a honeycomb energy-absorbing layer (42), a flexible buffer layer (43), and a liquid buffer gap (44) stacked in sequence. The directional pressure relief structure (5) includes a ruptureable pressure relief membrane (53) and a directional pressure relief channel (52). When the internal pressure exceeds the preset value, the ruptureable pressure relief membrane (53) ruptures, and the internal high-pressure gas is released upward through the directional pressure relief channel (52).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular drug storage unit (2) includes: an explosion-proof shell (21); an antistatic liner (22) disposed inside the explosion-proof shell (21); a buffer and shock-absorbing layer (23) laid at the bottom; a sealing and locking structure (24) disposed at the opening; and a pressure relief channel (25) connected to the top directional pressure relief structure (5); the antistatic liner (22) is grounded to the explosion-proof shell (21) through a wire, and the sealing and locking structure (24) has a sealing rating of not less than IP67.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The explosion-proof enclosure (21) is made of steel plate, composite material plate or explosion-proof material; the buffer and shock-absorbing layer (23) is made of rubber foam board or silicone rubber shock-absorbing pad and is laid on the bottom and the inner walls of the explosion-proof enclosure (21).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid barrier medium (3) is one or more of water, flame retardant liquid, water-based heat-absorbing liquid or inert liquid; when water-based flame retardant liquid containing flame retardant additives is used, the limiting oxygen index of the flame retardant liquid is not less than 40%.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous damping layer (41) is an open-cell foam material with a porosity of 80%~90%; the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer (42) is an aluminum alloy honeycomb sandwich panel; the flexible buffer layer (43) is a rubber elastic buffer pad; the liquid buffer gap (44) is a liquid filling gap for the liquid barrier medium (3) to be freely filled, and each layer is fixedly combined by a metal frame.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous damping layer (41), the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer (42), the flexible buffer layer (43) and the liquid buffer gap (44) are arranged from the outside to the inside in sequence to form a multi-level shock wave attenuation structure; a metal constraint layer is also provided on the outside of the porous damping layer (41) and / or the inside of the liquid buffer gap (44) to form a six-layer composite shock attenuation structure.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional pressure relief structure (5) also includes a pressure relief plate (51); the outlet of the directional pressure relief channel (52) is set upward and higher than the liquid level of the liquid barrier medium (3); the ruptureable pressure relief membrane (53) is a metal film with a pre-set rupture line on the membrane surface and a rupture pressure of 0.20~0.50 MPa; the ruptureable pressure relief membrane (53) is provided in two stages, the rupture pressure of the first stage pressure relief membrane is lower than the rupture pressure of the second stage pressure relief membrane, and the two are connected in series in the directional pressure relief channel (52) to achieve graded directional pressure relief.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-drift fixing structure (6) includes a guide rail (61) fixed to the bottom of the liquid storage tank (1), an anchor (62) fixed to the guide rail (61), and a limiting block (63) embedded in the groove of the guide rail (61).

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank (1) is also equipped with an emergency drainage pipeline, which is connected to an emergency storage pit outside the storage tank. The volume of the emergency storage pit is not less than 110% of the total liquid volume of the system, and the emergency drainage time is not more than 120 seconds. The storage tank (1) is also equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and / or a vibration sensor to realize online monitoring of the system's operating status.

10. A method for storing fireworks and firecrackers using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Check the sealing of the modular storage unit (2) and the grounding status of the anti-static liner (22). After confirming that it is qualified, put the fireworks and firecrackers into the modular storage unit (2) according to the specified amount. S2: Use the sealing and locking structure (24) to seal the modular drug storage unit (2) and confirm that the sealing level meets the design requirements; S3: Place the sealed modular drug storage unit (2) along the guide rail (61) and fix it against drift by anchoring seat (62) and limiting block (63); S4: Install the shock wave attenuation structure (4) between adjacent modular drug storage units (2) and confirm that each layer of structure is installed in place; S5: Inject liquid barrier medium (3) into the storage tank (1) to the specified liquid level, confirm that the modular drug storage unit (2) is fully immersed, and the top of the directional pressure relief structure (5) is higher than the liquid surface; S6: After completing the system check and confirming that all components are in normal condition, put the system into storage and use.

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